Manual (English... · 8 Step by Step STBM Implementation Step by Step STBM Implementation9 Plan International Indonesia initiated the STBM program (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat

TitleStep by Step STBM Implementation

AuthorsSabaruddin (Plan International Indonesia)Herie Ferdian (Plan International Indonesia)Wiwit Heris Mandari (SPEAK Indonesia)Agustini Raintung (YPCII)

EditorHerie Ferdian

Graphic designIsti Purwi Tyas Utami

PublisherPlan International Indonesia

STBM Implementation in NTT Province - At a Glance

Formulating district STBM roadmaps and sub-district STBM work plans

Steps for STBM Implementation

Capacity building for POKJA AMPL and sub-district STBM teams

Situation analysis

Sub-district and village STBM roadshows

STBM socialisation in the five districts

Budget advocacy in Musrenbang

Provincial STBM Roadshow

Triggering the 5 STBM Pillars

District STBM roadshows and POKJA AMPL workshops

Follow-ups, monitoring and hygiene promotion

Village STBM declarationSelection of pilot sub-districts by District POKJA AMPL

STBM verification

Formulating the STBM replication plan

Implementing STBM replication

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Establishment of sub-district and village STBM teams

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Table of Contents

4 5Step by Step STBM Implementation Step by Step STBM Implementation

Foreword STBM Implementation in NTT Province - At a Glance

The 2019 Universal Access Target in Indonesia aims for 85% of Indonesians to have access to sanitation services that meet minimum service standards. In the waste water sector, the goal is for 85% of the population to have acceptable basic sanitation and 15% to have access to a waste water management system serving a community, area or city. Meanwhile, the target for the waste sector is for 80% of city waste to be managed, with 20% managed in a city-based waste reduction facility using the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle.

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province remains the priority for sanitation development in Indonesia due to its poor sanitary conditions. A national census showed that coverage of adequate sanitation in NTT was only 24%, while the percentage of the provincial population with access to safe drinking water was just 50%. As a result, incidents of diarrhoea are common, with one district reporting 6,500 cases in 2012.

Alongside the NTT provincial government and with support from Australian Aid, Plan International Indonesia instigated a campaign for 2013-15 to change behaviour regarding hygiene and sanitation, with the STBM approach (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat/Community Based Total Sanitation) used in five districts: Kupang, Sabu Raijua, East Manggarai, Ngada and Ende. During two years of STBM implementation, many lessons were learned from Plan International Indonesia’s experience of changing community behaviour.

This document reveals the steps learned from the experience of Plan International Indonesia and the NTT community as both work together for a cleaner, healthier living environment through STBM. Hopefully, this document will enrich the success of STBM in Indonesia and be useful to other STBM practitioners.

Myrna Remata Evora

Country Director, Plan Indonesia

With the support of Australian Aid through Community Sanitation WASH Fund 2 (CS WASH Fund 2), Plan International Indonesia has implemented a hygiene and sanitation campaign for 2013-15 using the STBM (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat/Community Based Total Sanitation) approach in five East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province districts: Kupang, Sabu Raijua, Ngada, East Manggarai and Ende. During two years of the project’s implementation, Plan International Indonesia and the provincial government learned many important lessons regarding STBM.

To date, 150 villages within the five project-assisted districts have declared as having achieved STBM , which is a remarkable accomplishment by both the communities and the district governments. STBM declaration means a community has committed to independently realising the 5 STBM Pillars.

Such success is the result of the efforts of every party involved in implementing a systematic and well-planned STBM project. This process involves 16 steps to be performed by Plan International Indonesia and the government to achieve all the expected targets. The purpose of this document is to detail these steps :


1 9 103 114 125 136 147 158 16

1. Situation analysis

Situation analysis is conducted to assess the initial situation regarding hygiene and sanitation practices and other related issues in NTT province and select 10 potential districts for STBM implementation.

9. Sub-district and village STBM roadshow

Sub district and village STBM roadshow is conducted o promote STBM within a pilot sub-district. All sub-district and village stakeholders attend this event.

3. STBM Roadshow in Provincial Level

To launch STBM implementation in the five selected districts. On this occasion, the NTT provincial government and five district governments signed memorandums of understanding regarding STBM implementation for the next four years.

11. Triggering the 5 STBM Pillars

Triggering of the 5 STBM Pillars is a behavioural change approach concerning hygiene and sanitation in community.

5. Selection of STBM sub-districts pilot by District POKJA AMPL

District POKJA AMPL rank the sub-districts and offer STBM implementation to three chosen sub-districts.

13. STBM verification

Verification is a process to assess a village that has already implemented STBM. Verification is conducted by sub-district STBM teams and District POKJA AMPL.

7. Formulating district STBM roadmaps and sub-district STBM work plans

STBM roadmaps and work plans are formulated to define visions and missions, strategic issues and goals, estimated needs and sources of funding for STBM implementation.

15. Formulating the STBM replication plan

The STBM replication plan is carried out to select the sub-districts for STBM replication with APBD funding.

2. STBM socialisation in the five districts

STBM socialization is conducted to introduce and offer STBM implementation to the five chosen districts. A district wanting to implement STBM sends a formal letter of interest to the NTT provincial government.

10. STBM Budget advocacy in Musrenbang

STBM budget advocasy is conducted to encourage the government to allocate budget for STBM implementation.

4. STBM Roadshow in District Level

To launch STBM at district level and conduct workshops to strengthen POKJA AMPL.

12. Follow-ups, monitoring and hygiene promotion

After triggering, a STBM team regularly monitors progress achieved.

6. Establishment of sub-district and village STBM teams

Sub-district and village STBM teams are established to implement STBM. Later, the teams will perform triggering, monitoring, post-triggering follow-ups and hygiene promotion for the community.

14. Village STBM declaration

STBM declaration is an official statement from a village that has already implemented the 5 STBM Pillars and passed the verification process by the sub-district STBM team.

8. Capacity building for POKJA AMPL and sub-district STBM teams

Capacity building includes training for project facilitators and sanitation entrepreneurs, as well as covering STBM monitoring, verification, gender inclusion, environmental issues and project education in schools.

16. Implementing STBM replication

STBM replication initially requires the commitment of the district government to implement STBM independently with APBD funding.

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Step by step STBM Implementation


Plan International Indonesia initiated the STBM program (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat/Community Based Total Sanitation ) in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province with an analysis of the hygiene and sanitation situation in ten districts: Manggarai, East Manggarai, Ende, Ngada, West Sumba, Sabu Raijua, Rote Ndao, Belu, Malaka and Kupang. The NTT provincial government’s recommendations, based primarily on poor sanitary conditions, were the basis for the districts’ selection. Aspects analysed included general demographics, community behaviour regarding hygiene and sanitation, government capacity and gender/inclusion aspect. Following the analysis, Plan International Indonesia selected five of the 10 districts.

“The actual and data-based situation analysis helped us identify which districts were more suitable for STBM implementation in NTT. The situation analysis was conducted by participating with the community, resulting in real data. Plan helped us a lot with this process, so we could make the right decision when selecting the five most appropriate districts for STBM implementation,” Wayan Darmawa (NTT Province POKJA AMPL/NTT Provincial WASH Working Group)

1. Situation analysis


Based on the results of the situation analysis, the NTT provincial government and Plan International Indonesia chose five districts for the four-year STBM proposal: Kupang, Sabu Raijua, Ngada, Ende and East Manggarai. Alongside the Provincial POKJA AMPL, Plan International Indonesia offered to implement STBM in each of the five districts, while Regents and DPRD (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah /The Legislative Members) joined the socialisation process. The districts, which all agreed to the proposal, then prepared formal letters of interest for Plan International Indonesia and the Provincial POKJA AMPL. The letters, signed by the Regent and DPRD of each district government, proved the leaders’ commitment to implementing STBM, with funding allocated from APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah/District’s Revenue and Expenditure Budget). This commitment is vital for the project’s success. “I’ve been interested in implementing STBM in Ende District since the

beginning because the STBM approach is based on behavioural change in the community. Until now, health projects haven’t operated well because they failed to change the community’s behaviour. Also, the STBM program demands community independence. People are trained not to depend on the government for the construction of sanitation facilities. STBM is also a perfect match for the vision for East Manggarai development. That is why we’re interested in working together,” Marcelinus Y W Petu (Ende District)

2. STBM socialisation in the five districts


On 25 September 2013, Plan International Indonesia, the NTT provincial government and the five selected districts launched the STBM project in the city of Kupang. This phase provided momentum to strengthen commitment for STBM implementation in the province over the next four years. On this occasion, the government committed to cooperatively carrying out changes for a cleaner and healthier NTT through the 5 STBM Pillars. To prove its commitment, the government stated it would facilitate the operational needs of POKJA AMPL to operate STBM for four years. This commitment was explicitly stated in the memorandums of understanding signed by all the district governments and Plan International Indonesia.

3. Provincial STBM Roadshow

“For the next four years, we will work hand in hand with Plan to realise a cleaner and healthier NTT through STBM. I’m pleased that Plan is willing to help us with STBM implementation in NTT. Surely, our partnership with Plan will result in good performance related to NTT’s hygiene and sanitation,” Jon Takesan (NTT Province POKJA AMPL)


POKJA AMPL members are on the front line when implementing STBM, so the success of the project depends on their capacities and performance. As such, Plan International Indonesia recognised the importance of strengthening POKJA AMPL in the five districts in accordance with the Bappenas appeal on POKJA AMPL and the circular letter from the Ministry of Home Affairs No 660 Year 2013 on PPSP. With the Provincial POKJA AMPL, Plan International Indonesia carries out capacity-building activities for the POKJA AMPL members to understand their roles regarding water and sanitation. The roles are as follows.

• To be the driving force for coordination among WASH actors (district government, private sector and community).

• To conduct a series of coordination meetings to ensure the WASH projects operate properly.

• To conduct internal advocacy to prioritise WASH and ensure it is a shared responsibility.

• To be the focal point to mainstream WASH development.

• To initiate and monitor the implementation of WASH principles in the regions.

4. District STBM roadshows and POKJA AMPL workshops

“After receiving training, the degree of POKJA AMPL coordination in our district is better. Now we know what targets we should achieve together. STBM will not be successful if every district’s government agent works alone without coordinating with other actors,” Absolom Faku (Kupang District POKJA AMPL)


“When POKJA AMPL and Plan came to introduce STBM, I immediately welcomed the idea as this approach uses good principles of behavioural change and no subsidies. Many projects have come to our district, but they failed to change community behaviour as people still depended on aid. With STBM, the community can be more independent in dealing with their own hygiene and sanitation issues,”I Gede Artanaya (Ngada District POKJA AMPL)

Kupang Sabu Raijua Ngada East Manggarai Ende1. Taebenu2. Nakamese3. Kupang Barat

1. Sabu Barat2. Sabu Liae3. Hawu Mehara

1. Ranamese2. Kotakomba3. Boring

1. Nangapanda2. Detusoko3. Ende

1. Golewa Selatan2. Riung3. Aimere

To implement STBM in each district, POKJA AMPL chose only three sub-districts as pilot projects. The sub-district selection was based on the results of the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) produced by PPSP. After selecting the pilot sub-districts, the POKJA AMPL communicated with the chosen regions for follow-ups. If the sub-district accepted the proposal, it then formally agreed to cooperate with POKJA AMPL and Plan International Indonesia.

5. Selection of pilot sub-districts by District POKJA AMPL

Selected sub-districts for STBM pilots


“STBM implementation in the village can’t be done alone by Puskesmas due to limited personnel. Everyone in the sub-districts and villages should contribute to the completion of STOP Open Defecation and the other four pillars. The establishment of the sub-district STBM team has helped me a lot. Now, all parties come to the village for triggering, monitoring and hygiene promotion. I’m optimistic that when everyone works together for the community, STBM implementation will be easier,”Ayub Seda Gadi (STBM Sub District Team of Ende District)

The sub-district and village STBM teams are the main actors of community STBM program. They directly interact with the community during the triggering, monitoring, hygiene promotion and verification phases until STBM village declaration is achieved. The teams are on the front line of local STBM implementation. Those who are committed to the community were selected as village STBM team. The establishment of the sub-district and village STBM teams was performed by the district government with a decision letter from each sub-district head. A sub-district STBM team consists of sub-district government officials and non government actors. Meanwhile, a village STBM team includes the village government, community leaders, village cadres and village-level health officers.

6. Establishment of sub-district and village STBM teams

The selection criteria for the sub-district and village STBM teams were as follows.• Area representation (village / sub-village /

sub-neighbourhood).• Appointed by village heads, sub-district

heads and Puskesmas heads.• Ranking officers, such as sub district

section heads, village office division heads, Puskesmas sanitarians, sub-district heads, Puskesmas heads, sub-district secretaries and sector, village or civic police.

• Representatives from existing organisations (e.g. PKK/Village Woman Group).

• Gender – Target: half of a team’s members should be female.

• One-third of the pilot village STBM teams to be led by women.


“The formulation of the STBM roadmap was participatory. All of the district actors, including from the government, private companies and NGOs, were involved and offered their ideas for and other contributions to the roadmap. I’m delighted that STBM operates communally with many parties,” Tobias Mesakh (Sabu District POKJA AMPL)

Roadmap Formulation Process

Roadmap Formulation and POKJA AMPL Duties and Function Orientation Workshop

Roadmap Documentation Formulation by Formulation Team (Government Agency Representatives)

Public Consultation on STBM Roadmap Document

STBM Roadmap Finalization

Legalization on STBM Roadmap Documentation by Head of POKJA AMPL

Successful STBM achievement depends on thorough planning. To ensure that STBM is implemented systematically with appropriate planning, the government and Plan International Indonesia have collaborated to design district STBM roadmaps and STBM work plans at sub-district level. As a consequence, the implementation results can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively.

The contents of the STBM district roadmaps and sub-district work plans are as follows.• Vision and mission for the district STBM• Strategic issues• Strategic objectives• Strategic projects and activities• Estimated needs• Identification of funding sources

After the STBM roadmap was formulated, POKJA AMPL formalised the document and raised awareness of it among the public.

7. Formulating district STBM roadmaps and sub-district STBM work plans


“Thanks to the sanitation entrepreneur training, I can now produce good quality sanitation products. I’ve made and sold more than 200 of them. The community is happy and satisfied with my products as they are good quality and affordable,” Kristo (Sanitation entrepreneur, East Manggarai district)

The role of STBM facilitators is very important in the community as they have daily interaction with local residents during STBM implementation. Therefore, POKJA AMPL and sub-district STBM team members were trained on STBM-related issues as follows : • STBM Facilitation• STBM Budget advocacy• STBM triggering• STBM Monitoring, evaluation and verification• Gender and inclusion• Sanitation entrepreneurs• Environment-based STBM• STBM in schools

8. Capacity building for POKJA AMPL and sub-district STBM teams

“One of the main skills as a STBM officer is triggering. For triggering, we are trained to facilitate the community, not patronise them. The skills that I learned from this training are very useful for me because, as a sanitarian, I have to be able to do triggering,” Ayub Seda Gadi (Sub Distrcit STBM Team, Ende district)


“I hope the implementation of STBM in this sub-district will encourage behavioural change and nobody will defecate in the open as it pollutes the environment,” Yeremias Ture (Binawali Village Head)

The STBM roadshow at sub-district level are a continuation of STBM socialisation in the selected sub-district. This socialisation process is conducted by POKJA AMPL and Plan International Indonesia. A roadshow is conducted in each of the three pilot sub-districts of each district, while all stakeholders at sub-district and village levels are present to pledge their commitment to implementing STBM in their villages.

9. Sub-district and village STBM roadshows

“When the STBM is socialized in Tiwerea, i was very confident that this program will achieve successful in Tiwerea village. I was right. Tiwerea Village became one of the first village in Ende who declared as STBM village. Tiwerea community proves that living in the remote area is not an excuse to practice good hygiene and sanitation. I am proud with my community.” Nikolaus Ndaka (Tiwerea Village Head, Ende)


The government should continuously implement STBM as Plan International Indonesia has limited resources to continue assisting district governments outside STBM pilot location. The regional governments should independently implement STBM using their own budgets. Plan International Indonesia, POKJA AMPL and sub-district STBM teams have designed an initiative for budget advocacy that follows the budgetary process from sub-district level to the district level. The advocacy process is as follows.1. Budget advocacy through Musrenbangcam (Sub District Development Planing Meeting) Encourage sub-district STBM teams to actively promote STBM as a priority during sub-district

Musrenbang.2. Budget advocacy through SKPD Forums (District Government Agency Forum) Encourage sub-district STBM teams to ensure STBM is included in the district Musrenbang.3. Budget advocacy through RKPD (Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah/ Annual District

Government Agency Workplan) formulation POKJA AMPL members ensure STBM is included in SKPD work plans.4. Budget advocacy through KUA-PPAS formulation (Kebijakan Umum Anggaran-Plafon Prioritas

Anggaran Sementara/General Policy on District Revenue – Temporary District Budget Priority) Build the capacity of POKJA AMPL members to negotiate with DPRD (legislative) and promote STBM

to DPRD members.

The budget advocacy strategy carried out by POKJA AMPL and the sub-district STBM teams produced outstanding results. Five districts assisted by Plan International Indonesia have allocated budget for STBM replication in 169 villages, the details of which are as follows.

STBM Budget Advocasy Steps on Government Budgetary Cycle

“STBM implementation is suitable for the vision and mission for development in East Manggarai, especially related to health services. We will support STBM and in accordance with our commitment, we will fund its implementation from APBD, so all sub-districts can fully implement STBM,” Yosep Tote (East Manggarai Regent)

Village Development Planning Meeting

Plan’s intervention on STBM Budget Advocasy for STBM Replication

Informal approach to SKPD (government agency), TAPD (District Budgeting Team), DPRD (Legislative Members)

Formulation of RKA-SKPD

RAPBD Discussion

APBD Establishment

Sub District Development Planning Meeting

District Development Planning Meeting

Formulation of KUA-PPAS (General Policy on District

Revenue – Temporary District Budget Priority)

Feb

March

April

May

June

Government Agency Forum

District No. of villages for replication in 2015 Comments 2015 APBD Allocation

Ende 31 29 villages in 2016 APBD II 2015 IDR 450mNgada 20 40 villages in 2016 APBD II 2015 IDR 114mEast Manggarai

60 All started in 2015 and to be strengthened or replicated in over 60 villages in 2016

APBD II 2015 IDR 546m

Sabu 18 13 villages will be completed by 2016 APBD II 2015 IDR 300mKupang 40 Referring to the RPMJMD target of 40 villages a year, all

villages will be STBM by 2019APBD II 2015 IDR 354m

Total 169

10. Budget advocacy in Musrenbang


“After participating in the triggering process, I knew that my habit of defecating in the open had negative impacts on others. I didn’t realise before that many babies and other children developed diarrhoea because of my behaviour. I didn’t know that before. I’m so ashamed and willing to change,” Anastasia Mitty (Community Member in Golulada Village, Ende)

Triggering is the height of STBM implementation at village level. Triggering the 5 STBM Pillars involves behavioural change concerning hygiene and sanitation using the principles of community independence and no subsidies. The triggering process includes participatory mapping, transect walk, contamination flow, contaminated water simulation and focus group discussions. During the process, facilitators ask the community to consider behaviour that can result in diarrhoea in the community, while the process ends with a statement by the community stating its commitment to the implementation of the pillars. The five pillars are as follows.1. STOP open defecation2. Hand washing with soap3. Household drinking water and food management4. Safe storage of household waste5. Liquid household waste management

11. Triggering the 5 STBM Pillars


“All of my life, my family and I defecated in the open. We never thought about using a toilet. Yet, after the triggering, I realised that my behaviour was wrong and harmful to others. I’ve changed now; no more open defecation. It’s for my dignity and my family,” Paulus (Community Member of East Manggarai)

“Thank to STBM program. I am pleased to now be able to access the toilet easily. I hope other PWD’s like me, can also easily access the toilet. I hope the government can help them. Thanks to the Plan and the people who’ve helped me build this latrine.”Lea Huky Sabu Raijua

After the triggering phase is complete, a facilitator will follow up the initial stage’s results through regular monitoring visits. During the visits, the facilitator will call for the community’s commitment to change. Change cannot occur rapidly, but even the smallest changes can still be meaningful. For example, a community may continue to lack permanent toilets, but ending defecation in the open is a good achievement of the triggering process and should be encouraged to achieve sustained change.

12. Follow-ups, monitoring and hygiene promotion


Verification is a process to assess STBM implementation in a village. A village that has already implemented the 5 STBM Pillars can make a request for verification through an official letter addressed to the sub-district government. Verification is a precondition for STBM declaration. The STBM verification process use the STBM verification guideline issued by Ministry of Health of Indonesia. To maintain the independence of the verification process, the verification team is selected from the District POKJA AMPL and sub-district STBM teams. A village that passes the verification process can be declared as STBM village.

13. Verifikasi STBM

33Step by Step STBM Implementation


“STBM declaration is a promise that the community should keep in terms of hygiene and health. It’s fortunate that in this village we still use traditional laws, so I can sanction those who break the STBM promise, especially those who still defecate openly. They are fined by being required to donate one of their cattle to community member,” Gregorius Ribhu (Indigenous leader in Golulada Village, Ende)

STBM declaration is the result of collective community change. In the declaration, community members state that they have ended their previous negative habits and begun positive ones to prevent them from developing diarrhoea or other environment-based diseases. Declaration is not the end of STBM implementation, however. Instead, it is the beginning of a journey towards cleaner and healthier behaviour. Such behaviour should be maintained not only during the declaration, but also afterwards so improvements in community health are sustained. Commitment from all parties is required to maintain these behaviours, while leaders should drive this continuity.

14. Village STBM declaration


STBM replication in villages involves the district government taking over the funding of STBM activities outside the pilot sub-district. The formulation of a replication plan is conducted by the District POKJA AMPL based on EHRA results before proposals are made for selected sub-districts. After POKJA AMPL receive the selection, they will offer to replicate STBM in the sub-districts. If the sub-districts are ready, STBM replication then continues.

15. Formulating the STBM replication plan

37Steps for STBM Implementation


Communities and the government independently implement STBM in the selected sub-districts with full funding from APBD. During this phase, Plan International Indonesia merely provides technical assistance to POKJA AMPL, rather than offering financial support as funding is independently carried out by the district government through APBD. STBM replication will be performed in the third and fourth years of the project, with the target being to replicate the project in 30 villages per year per district. In this way, the total number of villages with STBM replication in the five districts will reach 300 villages in two years. STBM replication shows the government’s significant commitment to the five districts assisted by Plan International Indonesia. Hopefully, this commitment can be maintained, so STBM implementation in the five districts can continue over the coming years.

16. Implementing STBM replication

39Steps for STBM Implementation

Documents

Manual (English... · 8 Step by Step STBM Implementation Step by Step STBM Implementation9 Plan International Indonesia initiated the STBM program (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat