WWII Terminal Ballisics

4 1II I I I I I I I I I I~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 U l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I I I I I I II~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

k JaJoI

7-Y

i , -

WAiiAA

Instructor. s ~aWgL~ Documcr:

Name -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- --Dae

TERMINAL BALLISTIC DATAVolumeIBombing

61 N GI

August 1944

- N~

jk 4A

INT~ aC prolpb r ro ocenngte n f rilen

Maximum desired effect at the target is the objective followed by ary 1944. This document gives n ation concerning the use of artillery

the Ordnance Department in designing weapons and ammunition. A proper weapons and the proper ammunition for attacking heavy reinforced con-

balance of many factors involved is essential to accomplish this purpose. crete structures. It calls attention to the fact that H.E. ammunition with

Most important among these factors are terminal velocities, shape, weight, standard fuzes should not be used for this purpose as no satisfactory effects

and material used in the projectile, type and weight of explosive charge and against sturdy concrete fortifications are attainable.

the fuzing system. For example:

A shaped charge used in the "Bazooka" is very effective against

tanks, whereas against heavy concrete emplacements, it would do only a

comparatively small amount of damage;

A general purpose bomb is exceedingly efficient against certain types

of buildings whereas a semi-armor-piercing bomb will be much more efficient

than the general purpose bomb if penetration of more resistant materials is

required for destruction of the target;

The delay used in a fuze is extremely important since the position of

the projectile with respect to the target at the instant of detonation deter-

mines the amount of damage. This is true against personnel and other targets

where a certain fragment pattern is desired as well as against targets such

as heavy concrete and armor where delay is vital to permit penetration before

detonation for maximum damage. To obtain best results, ammunition,

properly fuzed, must be carefully selected to fit the target.

The great importance of accumulating and placing in the hands of

troops data showing the effect of various kinds of ammunition on specific

targets was recognized early in the emergency. This work has been inten-

sively carried forward and much information of the character indicated has

been provided by the Ordnance Department. Some recent publications

giving data on terminal ballistics are the following:

a. "WEAPONS FOR JUNGLE WARFARE", dated 1 November1943.

This brochure describes certain weapons for jungle warfare and methods for

attacking bunkers and destroying Japanese infantry in the jungle.

b. "STANDARD ARTILLERY AND AMMUNITION AGAINST RE-

INFORCED CONCRETE PILLBOXES"-First Progress Report dated 5 Janu-

c. "STANDARD ARTILLERY AND AMMUNITION AGAINST RE-

INFORCED CONCRETE PILLBOXES"-Second Progress Report dated 15

February 1944. This document reports results of additional artillery firingsfrom 75-mm to 240-mm inclusive against heavy reinforced concrete struc-

tures, and the effects of G.P. and $.A.P. bombs of various weights against

similar structures. In the course of these tests, a very important discovery

was made. It was found that a special steel fuze into which were introduced

standard fuze components in combination with standard H.E. ammunition

gave a superior type of concrete-penetrating shell. With these special steel

fuzes which can be used with standard H.E. ammunition from 75-mm to

240-mm inclusive without any modifications to the loaded shell, and which

is interchangeable with any standard contour fuze, all calibers of H.E. shell

become effective concrete-piercing ammunition.

d. "VULNERABILITY TESTS OF GERMAN TANKS PZ KW III, IV,

AND VI" dated 15 March 1944. This brochure gives data showing the

ranges at which penetrations of the various plates found on German tanks

can be achieved.

The purpose of this book is to report additional data which have

been accumulated on terminal ballistics, and to present all data available

to date on terminal ballistics in such form as to be of greatest usefulness to

all concerned. These data should be of great assistance in the selection and

use of weapons and ammunition against specific targets. It has been issued

in two volumes-one on artillery ammunition, ,and the other on bombs.

This volume covers bombing.

Comments, suggested changes, and data relating to field experience

in the use of this book will be welcomed. Additions and revisions will be

made in the future as may be deemed necessary.

u, M~.'mrnumm, mmhim3mm. lCL 1 flct

;

CONTENTS Page

VOLUME I-TERMINAL BALLISTIC DATA FOR BOMBING

PART 1-BOMB BALLISTICS........................ 1

1. General Text ..................... .. ......... 1

2. Charts of Range vs. Altitude of Release........ . .......... 3

3. Charts of Differential Effects on Range..................17

a. Effects on Range of a 10-Mile-per-Hour Differential

Ballistic Range Wind ........................... 17

b. Effect on Range of a 10 Percent Departure from StandardBallistic Density........:.... ......... ..... 17

4. Charts on Striking Velocity and Angle of Fall vs. Altitude ofRelease ....... ... :........ 30

5. Charts for Trail vs. Drop.... 42

PART 2-BOMBING OF CONCRETE...:..............' 54

1. General Text....... ........ .................... 54

2. Deformation and Rupture....................... ... 60

3. Penetration and Perforation........................ 61

4. Attack on Concrete Pillboxes Utilizing Confined DetonationClose to External Wall............

a. Bombing from Horizontal Flight at t(b. Bombing from a Glide to Avoid Ric.c. Bombing from a Glide to Avoid

Deep Penetration in Ground.....

d. Attack on Lighter Pillboxes...... .

PART 3-BOMB FRAGMENT DAMAGE.

1. Tables on Fragment Damage........

2. Damage Patterns ......... .......

3. Types of Damage................ .

4. The Choice of Bombs..............5. Air Bursts.. ................ .

PART 4-BOMB AND BOMB FUZE DAT

1. Particulars on Bomb Fuzes..........

CHAI

SLLU:STRATIONSITS OF RANGE VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE

1. Illustrative Example............ ................ .

2. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MI Al (6-20-lb.,AN-M41).................................. .

3. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., T8 (M27) (6-90-lb.,T9 (M82)).................................

4. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (T10).... ....

5. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M3OAI .......6. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1.........7. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1.......

8. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1.......9. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1......

10. Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 andAN-M56A1 ...... ..........................

11. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 andAN-M58A2............................... .

12. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1.. -'

13. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I.................

Page

4

5

6789

101112

13

141516

63

Minimum Altitude. 63 CHARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON RANGE

ochet............ 63 Effect on Range of a 10-Mile-per-Hour Differential Ballistic Range'Wind.

Ricochet and Insure Effect on Range of a 10 Per Cent Departure From Standard Ballistic Density.63

, . 63 14. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MiAl (6-20-lb.,AN-M41)....... ........................... 18

15. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., T8 (M27) (6-90-lb.,64 T9 (M82))................................... 1964 16. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (TI0)..........2064 17. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30AI ......... 2164 18. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1.........22

S64 19. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1......... 2364

20. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1... .. 24

21. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1....... 25A.........1622. Bomb, Demolition L CJ. P0Qb~l 6 a5

....... :.... ... 119 26N1I 26, A -M

_1__ il:

3 ,

ILLUSTRATIONS23. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and

AN-M58A2 ..... ................................ 27

24. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1......28

25. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. 1 ...................... 29

CHARTS OF STRIKING VELOCITY AND ANGLE OF FALL

VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE.

26. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MI Al (6-20-lb.,AN-M41).............. 30

27. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., T8 (M27) (6-90-lb.,

T9 (M82)) .. .................................... 31

28. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (TI0).......... 32

29. Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30AI......... 33

30. Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1......... 34

31. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1......... 35

32. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1....... 36

33. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1....... 37

34. Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 andAN-M56A1 ..................................... 38

35. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 andAN-M58A2........ .......................... 39

36. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1...... 40

37. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I.............. ...... 41

CHARTS FOR TRAIL VS. DROP

38. Cluster, Fragmentation, 100-lb., AN-MI Al (6-20-lb.,AN-M41) ......................................... 42

39. Cluster, Fragmentation, 500-lb., TB (M27) (6-90-lb.,T9 (M82)). ......... :.... :......................43

40. Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-MB81(T10) ........... 44



43. Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1.... ... 47

44. Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and A i -

45. Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and A - , 49

f g1STRATIONS46. Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 and

AN-M56A1.................. ...............

47. Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 andAN-Ms8A2 ................................

48. Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1....

49. Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I.....................

CHAI RTS ON EARTH DISPLACEMENT OF BOMBS

50. Crater Diameter and Depth-100-lb., G.P., AN-M30 orAN-M3OAI ............ ................... .

51. Crater Diameter and Depth-250-lb., G.P., AN-M57 orAN-M57A1 .......................................

52. Crater Diameter and Depth-500-lb., G.P., AN-M64 orAN-M64A1 ............... ................... .

53. Crater Diameter and Depth-I ,000-lb., G.P., AN-M44,AN-M65 or AN-M65A1...... ..................

54. Crater Diameter and Depth-2,000-lb., G.P., AN-M34,AN-M66 or AN-M66A1..... ..................

55. Earth Displacement Due to Underground Explosions in ClaySoil.................................................

CHARTS ON THE DAMAGE EFFECTS OF BOMBS

56. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41-Casualties.......

57. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41-Casualties......

58. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41 -Perforation of 1/-in.

Mild Steel................. ................

59. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41-Perforation of 1/8-in.Mild Steel...........................................

60. 23-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M40-Casualties......

61. 23-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M40-Perforation of 1/8-in.

Mild Steel.................................

62. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties...... .

63r~ 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties.......

r w64ii .Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties.......

Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of

G 1 Mild Steel.................. .............

FPage

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

74

74

75

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

ILLUSTRATION66. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Pration' of

1/A-in. Mild Steel............................... 82

67. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of1/s-in. Mild Steel ................... ...... 83

68. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of

1/4-in. Mild Steel......................... .. ... . 84


1/4-in. Mild Steel.......... .................... 85

70. 100-lb. .r. Bomb, AN-MiUA1 or

71. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30A1 or

72. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30AI or

73. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30A1 orof 1/8-in. Mild Steel ...............

74. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30AI orof 1 /8-in. Mild Steel ...........

75. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30A1 orof 1/ 8-in. Mild Steel.. ...... .

76. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M3OAI orof 1/4-in. Mild Steel ...............

77. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30AI orof 1/4-in. Mild Steel ...............

AN-M3-U-asualties .8. 6

AN-M30-Casualties 87

AN-M30-Casualties. 88

AN-M30-Perforation

89

AN-M30-Perforation

90

AN-M30-Perforation

91

AN-M30-Perforation

92

AN-M30-Perforation

93

78. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M8 (T10)-Casualties 94

79. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M1 (TI 0)-Casualties 95

80. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Casualties 96

81. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforation

of 1/ 8-in. Mild Steel ............................. 97

82. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforationof 1/8-in. Mild Steel...... ........................ 98

83. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforationof 1/-in. Mild Steel ................................... 99

84. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforati

of 1/-in. Mild Steel..... .........................

85. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI )-Perforati

of 1/4-in. Mild Steel ............................... 1'6ti

86. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI 0)-Perforation

of 1/4-in. Mild Steel.......................... ... 102

ILLUSTRATIONSPage

7. 2601-b.' Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforation

of 1/2-in. Mild Steet ..... ......................... 103

88. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)--Perforation

of 1/2-in. Mild Steel.............................104

89. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Casualties. 105



92. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or ANrM64-Perforationof 1/8-in. Mild Steel .............................. 108

93. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1 /8-in. Mild Steel ............................... 109

94. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1/A-in. Mild Steel.............................110

95. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1/4-in. M ild Steel ... . ........... .. ............. Il1

96. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1/4-in. Mild Steel............................... 112

97. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1/4-in. Mild Steel ............................. 113

98. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1/2-in. Mild Steel............................114

99. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64-Perforationof 1/2-in. Mild Steel ................................ 115

TABLESI. Deformation and Rupture Altitude for Bombs Falling on Very

Thick Concrete................. ..............

2. Approximate Maximum Thickness of Concrete Perforated by

S.A.P. and A.P. Bombs..... " ...................

r a ximum Thickness of Concrete Perforated (Ft.) by4 . tudes above 5,000 Ft... ........

rol s of Concrete (5,000 p.s.i.) Removedfrom Thick oIitei , by Bombs which Penetrate but Fail toPerforate .........................................

TABLESTABLES ON FRAGMENT DAMAGE FROM BOMBS

5. (Low Altitude Bombing)....... ........... .

6. (Altitude of Bomb Release 10,000 Ft.)............... .

7. (Altitude of Bomb Release 20,000 Ft.)...................

8. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41 -Casualties ......

9. 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41 -Perforation of 1/A-in.Mild Steel.........................................

10. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Casualties......


'A8-in. M ild Steel.......................................

12. 90-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, T9 (M82)-Perforation of1/4-in. Mild Steel.................................

13. 100-lb. G. P. Bomb, AN-M30 and AN-M30AI -Casualties

14. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30 and AN-M30AI-Perfora-tion of 1/8-in Mild Steel ....................... "........

15. 100-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M30 and AN-M3OAI-Perfor-

ation of /4-in. Mild Steel.........................

16. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI 0)-Casualties..

17. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforation

of 'A8-in. Mild Steel............ .............. .

18. 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81 (TI0)-Perforationof 1 /4-in. Mild Steel............................ .

MAP*

TABLES

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

ON BOMB AND FUZE DATA

General Purpose and Light Case Bomb Data..............

Armor-Piercing Bomb Data...............................

Semi-Armor-Piercing Bomb Data.... ....... .........

Fragmentation Bomb Data ...................... ...

Fragmentation Cluster Data ......................

Impact Fuze Data.............................

AN-MI 03 Fuze Table.........................

M103 Fuze Table (Partially Armed 250 Turns).........

M103 Fuze Table ................... ..................

116

117

117118

118

120121

121

121

a L ~

:

"

ii.:Ti' ?r:z

ii: :;:I

'I "

:": T

g TABLESPage

19. 260-lb. ragmentation Bomb, AN-Mel (TI 0)-Perforationof 1/2-in. Mild Steel .............. ................ 71

20. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A -Casualties 7221. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A1--Perfor-

ation of 1/8-in. Mild Steel ........................... 72

22. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A1-Perfor-ation of 1/4-in. Mild Steel ........................ 72

23. 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64 and AN-M64A1-Perfor-ation of 1/2-in. Mild Steel......................... 72

Page 1

Volume I, Part 1BOMB BALLISTICS

-1. This volume is designed to give usable ballistic information in a compact, understandable form. Text is consequently kept to a minimum, essential

data for the most part being incorporated in charts and tables.

The charts on bomb ballistics include the following subjects:

a. Range vs. Altitude of Release.

b. Differential Effects on Range.

I. Effect on Range of a 10-m.p.h. Differential Ballistic Wind vs. Altitude of Release.

II. Effect on Range of a 10% Departure from Standard Ballistic Density vs. Altitude of Release.

c. Striking Velocity and Angle of Fall vs. Altitude of Release.

d. Trail vs. Drop.

Ballistic functions are charted at true air speeds of 200 m.p.h. and 400 m.p.h. and for 50 m.p.h. head winds for each of the following:

Bomb, Fragmentation, 20-lb., AN-M41 Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65 and AN-M65A1

Bomb, Fragmentation, 90-lb., T9 (M82) Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66 and AN-M66A1

Bomb, Fragmentation, 260-lb., AN-M81 (TI0) Bomb, Demolition, L.C., 4,000-lb., AN-M56 and AN-M56A1

Bomb, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30 and AN-M30A1 Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 and AN-M58A2

Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57 and AN-M57A1 Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59 and AN-M59A1

Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 and AN-M64A1 Bomb, A.P., 1,600-lb., AN-Mk. I

t '

fl :z k

i~:~ ~ F''il ~

iir-I: -

g~-; I-:i: . r

A

Page 3

2. CHARTS OF RANGE VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE

These charts are based on range with no wind and range with a 50 m.p.h.

head wind. Range as considered in the charts is the distance between the

point of impact and the point directly under the airplane at the instant of

bomb release. With no wind the true air speeds and ground speeds are the

same (200 m.p.h. and 400 m.p.h.). For each set of two curves, a 50 m.p.h.

head wind reduces the ground speeds to 150 m.p.h. and 350 m.p.h., re-

spectively. Effects of other head or tail winds may be obtained by interpola-

tion or extrapolation. The following examples show how the chart is used

for Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64 or AN-M64A1. (See example chart on

page 4.)

(a) Assuming the bomb to be dropped from an altitude of 20,000

ft. with a true air speed of 200 m.p.h. and no wind, a vertical line is extended

from the intersection of the solid curve (2) for 200 m.p.h. true air speed and

the horizontal line for 20,000 ft. altitude of release until it meets the range

line at the base of the chart. The range at this point is found to be 9,800 ft.

(b) If a 50 m.p.h. head wind (resulting in a ground speed of 150

m.p.h.) is assumed, the range for a bomb dropped from 20,000 ft. is found

from the dotted 200 m.p.h. curve (1) in the same way as in the first example.

The range in this instance is 7,600 ft.

(c) In the case of a 60 m.p.h. tail wind with a 200 m.p.h. true air

speed interpolation must be employed. The distance, say X, between the

200 m.p.h. and 400 m.p.h. 'curves (2 and 4) for range with no wind is meas-

ured on the 20,000 ft. altitude of release line. Since there is a difference of 200

m.p.h. between these two curves, and the tail wind is 60 m.p.h., 60/200 or

3/10 of the distance (X) from the no wind 200 m.p.h. curve (2) is that fromwhich the vertical line must be extended to the range line to determine therange. Intersection of the range line with the vertical line from the point of

interpolation shows the range to be 12,900 ft.

(d) If the wind were a head wind of 60 m.p.h. the interpolation

point would be 1/5 the distance between the 200 m.p.h. curve (2) for no

wind and the 200 m.p.h. curve (1) corrected for a 50 m.p.h. head wind.

This is so because the 10 m.p.h. increase of a 60 m.p.h. wind above the given

head wind of 50 m.p.h. is 1/5 the difference between the latter wind and no

wind. But the ground speed of a 200 m.p.h. true air speed with a 60 m.p.h.

head wind is 140 m.p.h. It is therefore necessary to extrapolate to the left

of curve (1) to find the point from which to drop a vertical line to the range .

line. This is done by measuring to the left (decreasing velocity side) of the

200 m.p.h. curve (1), corrected for a 50 m.p.h. head wind, the distance

originally determined by interpolation. This range is found to be 7,343 ft.

Page 4

ZZ.

a F. Z o U-

X00

gm-mm ow

XWL~c 40=~o~ 0 .r

CD F- 0ZO. wJ lilt u"0 3 -o s C

J-

Zoo

o ,. Z O_ coww-a

J 0

0jck 0W WN 0 ~

WZ I- W '-ifO.r'

0 INHQo.lz 0 0, N 0Z Q

Zl u LN 0 40

Ld3V3hl d GLi

Page 5

N

GZ N

L Qa 0

w N

O- 0

z z

I- W- a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

UJ,

U- 0 HW

0US 0 0 0

SN N_

'13-3SV313a 30 30flhllVl

Page 6

z 0

00_

H Cp w w(1 000

LO 0

Z 0

F-HwH ( ( 000

z ~~ HCf) ,t

WO W

U- 0 03 e

8 8 8 0 _o 0 0000 0 go

(U to to 04 0

iJ-3SV3131I 3JO 30f01L

H

z

-J

0N~0H

zW

L

0mD

Page 1

z

0

w

0::

N to

wUw-JwU-0w0

wz

'iJ- SV313 JO 3anjjrivd

0,00

0oz

8

00Lr)

Page 8

Inw

o 0z

w _ _ _ _

Z WQ~ U .

0Q c Oz

zOXZ2

'% w

CD I 0: 0

cr7o 0 0 0c o LO' 0 ) 0

00 UL- 3SV313a 30 300hlllV

L--SV3138 -40 So01111V

Page 9

IO

z

z

I

-J

0

(9

0

wUl)

w-Jw

0w0I-

b(I)

wz4

a

0w

z

(0

iL

Page 10

U

0,

I___ __ _ ____ I 00

I 4 Z - ___

W "',

J"

Q : IJ IUI)

0 0 0

000

Page 11

LC)

z

z4

(0

z

0

0)

0

0

ww-Jw

0w0E-

wzD

0z30w

z°g

3:3

I

COw

2

4

13-3SV313I :40 30(ULE1d

Page 12

W

I 0

ZQz

z W

(00 0 Z-

c0 c

In 0 00 O O p

z S0 z

0d3V1Hl 330 10 ~

Page 13

z

00

EQ

0L

J0

0

Or

0z

w

0Z

3:3co(D

44

0

W

2U-

0°o

Or

W

-Jw

0w

(6)

WCD

13 - 3SV313I 30 30njjriv

Page 14

00

Z00

ui0

w

w_.1wcrU-0

w

-J

C,)

w0)z

0

z3:0

Page 15

4 OJ

O osQ ___ Z Ow

- - _ _ _ O c~Z o t

Cm 0

I z- 0a I

-3SV3 38 10 GflIiVo 0 00 0In 08 0 0 0 0

M N) ID0 d t

0

Page 16

ww

0Z0 0

r) 0L

Z) Z0 .0(o10

00

O IOZ

Page 17

3. CHARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON RANGE

Effect on Range of a 1O-.p.h. ifferential Ballistic Range Wind.

The charts were constructed1 on the assumption of a constant wind,

although in general the wind is not constant at all altitudes. Meteorological

observations of winds at different levels can be averaged to give a mean

constant wind, termed the Ballistic Wind, that will have the same effect

on the bomb trajectory as the actual variable wind. The difference between

this Ballistic Wind and the wind at release is the Differential Ballistic Wind.

In the absence of a good value for Ballistic Wind it may be assumed

that the Differential Ballistic Wind is 300/0 of the wind at release altitude

and in the opposite direction.

Effect on Range of a 10 percent Departure from Standard Ballistic Density.

The difference at various altitudes between the actual air density

and the standard air density, expressed as percentage of standard air

density, may be determined by meteorological observations. An average of

these variable differences gives a result known as the Ballistic Density

Difference which has the same effect on the trajectory as the actual variable

percentage density differences.

When an accurate ballistic density change is not available the per-

centage density change at the ground should be used as an approximate

value. This is found by taking as a percentage of the standard density the

difference between the actual density at the altitude of the airfield and the

standard density at the same altitude as given in the following table:

STANDARD AIR DENSITY FROM SEA LEVEL TO 6,000 FT.

ALTITUDE

(Ft. above sea level)

STANDARD DENSITY

(grams per liter)

0.............. ...................... 1.203

1,000...................................1.166

2,000................................... 1.130

3,000...................................1.095

4,000...................................1.061

5,000....................... ......... 1.028

6,000.................................0.996

Upon obtaining the percentage difference from standard density the

range effect may be found from the appropriate bomb chart.

If the target is not at sea level, the height of the target correction

given in the bombing tables should also be employed if it is available.

Page 18

zmA-J

0

0

z

U.

C/)

-J0

z

cio

cJ

0

wC,z

z0

U.w

w-J

wwL0

I-

z

-

-J

0z

U

Ml

2

'1A - 3SV313I .J0 3af11111d

.LJ -3SV31 -i d 300h111Vd

Page 19

00

co-J00

0C

z0

LU

0

w

w-J

z

LL

0

z

z

I-

wLL

wzD

zz

<0

ww

LLJW

wILLL5

CV

00

a)(F-

'13 - 3 SV313 a

Page 20

0I

cr- cr

Nw O-jogQ Z wW

Zw

U c _ _ _ _ _ _ _

IL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I- 0

ha, 0 0 0 o

o a0Z /iQ

r^^ N)

IX)1. U-3sGV~ 1o 3O nGfl1

Page 21

Qk 0w

I- F -L

0 0

rcr)

___ ______ ___ 0

W A Q

a inQ LLco _ z~z Q O0 wozoa

o w

m6 0 0 0 0 0og°

0EL O oLO N

Page 22

ww

o I- 0

r- o _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ O

Z tL On 0

m .J Q crLL

0 0 0

000 o~ 0 0 0

'3- 3SV313JI dO 3OflillilV

Page 23

cr. I-

Ir-

z -WW

a r zaZQ

I 0 4 u

- . U w O

om~ ___

___

0_LLL 0 0Q / 0 0.0 0 00a o N i

0) N

Page 24

0 /

z.

z

)z

0

00

0

00

'3- 3SV3138 dO 3OflJJl1V

!w0z

0

0

Lw

I-

wwLLLLL

IM

ICI

_________~~33d ____ ___ __ __ __ __ __ __

' - 3SV313Ji 3O 3GflLl1V

00

0z

0

m

w

IN-

0 OQ

I -

aZw Z

4 4

LU-L

ww

W

0

0w

-J

wLL

5

Page 25

Cl4

8dw

IoZ

z0

00

Page 26

w Cl

o w w

in 0

Z Jw 0

zcZFo o ooQ 0 0-1oz

H 44

LLc 00clJ w cr-Qa _ _ _ __ _ _cC 0 _ _ _ __z Z

Z 0 Wr..L ii,0 ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

m0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

mN ) 0IA - 3SV-13 -IO 3GftLLL1V

Page 21

L0

Z6~

On

0

IL

-J

z

0LU

01-0LUIL

IL

.

I-

W I-

aoiz0

Cl)

Ic

4J

zz

LLWIL

wCDz

0

C,

ILIA.

-J

ztr

i.Lt.

'l: - 3SV3138 .40 3afllil1d

Page 28

0

z

4

0

00

U)

a0

LLIJ

IJJC

-4(1)

0-,J00

0 zC

0WL

U-I©

WIa

0

WW

... rzot.L -I

J'

w

W 0L

a ___a

wC,

4

z0

w

w

wIL

'iJ - 3SV3-13 I :10 3Ofliilld

Page 29

w w

D W

zw 0IC 0 H

Z Z Z ~ Z 0< O O w HC

a _ _ -

_ _ ocd U.o-U- j ... lw J~e o

<wLL w U.wcaI~ot

EI3 L IL. IL

C10 0i °

'0

' - 3SV3138 -10 3Gf iJ.L1V

N-~ N

NN

N

N ____

z

m

0

0

HHz9U

H

0

4. CHARTS OF STRIKING VELOCITY AND ANGLE OF FALL VS. ALTITUDE OF RELEASE

Page 30-

w

-J

w

0w0

H

J4

WLL>LL.(0O

z0

wC)

w

w

.L4-3SV3U13i JO 3OflhlV~lg

0

IN 00Lr

(((

(C(

(Ii

o\ o(

'JL

(0

3.

I-38

(I)

0

0

-J

-j0

w

0

D3.

O

00

0

z

LUL.

1(91

-J0

Page 31

00

a

-J

00)

033V33 00 0 0JI00' 0 0 0 o8ol 0 0aN)n 0 0f 0

-t

0

-3Lii

CD

Page 32

H

--

0CNz0

z

0m

wC,)wwL0

c6i

0i

Wb.

zwHZ

9-j

>LLL

zw

CD-(fli

1iA-3SV31385 YO 3cafl..Uv

0 0 Q

C J N _ I

0

0

0

1i0-

zJ

0

IY

zz4

0rO)

00j

0

02002

Page 33

w

w-JwLL

0w

--

0 -W LL

HZcN Q

l - 3SV13132i J0 3Gflh1Il0 0 0§ $ 8°

0) 0

I-

g-Zcn4It J

0

CDw0

-J

tLI.0

CDzQ

w

0z

0

N

Page 34

0

w

w n- 0Wl _ _ _ _ _ _ .

N -w

jLL ~ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

W L. U:C/

I } O

zn > L

,cnc.!c

In

uQ

Li. __ __ ____. - 3S13'13~i JO 3ft.fl IN0o 0 0

o Z 0 0 0 0 0

(0

z

(.0c

z

-J

010

0.:0co0m

w

-Jw

w

H.

I-

Li W

>-p

H0-i

(n (

A N

o-JOjJ

wU-

(DO

iZ-Z

(N4

Page 35

0

0

(OJ

0

0

LO

(0

z0z4

z

00:

0

02

Page 30

wC,)

-Jw0w

0

- J

LO

I-

z .

Iz(fluc 2~ 2 o

LILLL

II

0

0

0

mi

C0

z4

(0(0

z

0000

Page 31

w

w-Jw

0w0

I-

LLQ

o J

Y LJ

HZ() Q

2 0 0

I NI ." 8U

>-i

0 LL

IdLL>0

Uw

C)33 II

ME

C',

w

0

LL:

I 0J

o4

> Li0

0 o

z

-J

000

0.-J

0F-

0

0cn

Page 38

-

-J

z

("4 2-3SV3138 =i0 3G(WJ.1v

>LL

z!

11 I

(0

0

(W

0

0

0

-J

0

Pag, 39

II

_____ ___ ____ ___

w O 2

Li U

LO w C6

LL D - zL.

Zaf w w

>I O 0

M I _ ___ ___

~(0 ___ ____

coin>LJ..08.

§t § 0 °

Page 40pt

- 0

WE

AW~a

L C) U.

0 *

0 >L&.

cn 0

m=

Page 41

w 0

wCO

Ioo-

cd F- u (D

LL LL.

(o (D _ _

_

cL I~~4 mJ

oc 0 00

0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0t 0g 0 0 o0

Page 42

CLUS TER, FRAGMENTAT ION, 100-LB, AN-M1AI(6-20&LB.AN-M41)IMMEDIATE SEPARATION

TRAIL VS. DROP

TRAIL IN FEET FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES

10000 AND 25000 FEET

IL LL

__--5000 C)

o 0o

---- wI 0 0 wn

w ww w

or a.0-- - -c15000 c

o 0

5000 r20000

10000 - -2500014000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

TRAIL - FTFIGURE 38

5. CHARTS FOR TRAIL VS. DROP

These charts, giving trail distance as a function of drop, show actual trajectories with respect to axis fixed in the

airplanes. From them can be determined how Far a bomb dropped From a given altitude will lag behind the bomber.

ICLUS TER, FRAGMENTATION, 50Q-LB, T8 (M27)(6IMMEDIATE SEPARATION

TRAIL VS. DROP


10000 AND 25000

8000 7000 6000 5000 4 000 3000 2000 1000 0

TRAIL - FT

-------- 0

----- U--

000.0

N -IJ4I

U-0a0

5000------

-5000 LL000

N-10000 w

-J

--15000

CL

0

20000 0

10000- - -- 25000'

FIGURE 39

-m9-LBT9(M 82)Page 43

FEET

BOMB, FRAGMENTATION,TRAIL VS. DROP

TRAIL IN FEET FOR RELEASE

10000 AND 25000

26O-

ALTITUDES

FEET

3000 2000 1000

Ui-

000

J

0-

0

U-0

5000 00L0

cnJ

10000 w

cr

15000 LL

010

0

5000- ~20000

10000 --. 25000

TRAIL - FT.FIGURE 40

Page 44

LB., AN -M81(T 10)

5000 4000

Page 45

BOMB, G17 10OO- LB., AN-'M30 AND AN-M30A1TRAIL VS. DROP


10000 AND 25000 FEET

_____-------00

o 0o to

J Jw W

w ww w

5000- - - -20000

I10000-- - 25000

7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

TRAIL- FT.

FIGURE 41

BOMB, G.P, 250-LB., AN- M57 AND AN-M 57A

TRAIL VS. DROPTRAIL IN 'FEET FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES

10000 AND 25000 FEET

--- -0

0L0000WN-I-Co4wmJxJ

-5000

-10000

- 15000

1-U-0

o 20000

- - 25000

TRAIL - FT.

FIGURE 42

Page 46

Page 41,

BOMB,G.P, 500-LB.,AN-M64 AND AN- M64A1TRAIL VS. DROP

TRAIL I N FEET FOR RELEASE

10000 AND 25000

ALTITUDES

FEET

---- 0

HPLL UA.

0- 0-5000 0

o 0o IDco c'J

-W-IOOOO 4bJ w

w J

o. a

o 0a:a

o

- --- 20000

- -- 25000

TRAIL - FT.FIGURE 43

5000

BOMB, G.P, 1000 -LB., A N -M65 AND AN-M65A1

TRAIL VS. DROPTRAIL IN FEET FOR. RELEASE ALTITUDES

10000 AND 25000

3000 2000 1000 0'

TRAIL - FT.

---- 0

H.IL

0000

IdU)Q

-JId

0

- 5000 IL000

-10000IdU)4

-15000

a0

-20000

- --- 25000

FIGURE 44

Page 48

FEET

B0MB,G.F, 2000-LB., AN- M66AND ANTRAIL VS. DROP

- M66A1


10000 AND 25000 FEET

--o

-- -O--500000

wN,

ww

H- -

--10000

-15000

5000- -- - - 2uv0

10000- - --25000

TRAIL -FT.

FIGURE 45

Page 49

16Pae4

0

____ V6

gN

4000 3000 2000 1000

Page 50

BOMB,DEMOLITION, L.C.,4 000 - LB.,AN- M 56RI AND ANR-56A


10000 AND 25000 FEET

L IL.

- -- -0-5000 00 00 0

00

LUj W

0- - -F15000C'

4 4

_____ _____ _ ___ ____ -0- -. 0-- - 5000 -

t 0000000-20-20000

FIGURE 46

BOMB,S.A.P, 500' LB..AN M 58,AN-M58AI AND AN-M58A2TRAIL VS. DROP

TRAIL I N FEET, FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES10000 AND' 25000 FEET

8000 6000 4000 2000

--

- 0

- -- 50000000

()

-J

U-

a.0a:

)ono- -o-

10000 Li

-J

15000

a0

20000

10000 -25000

TRAIL -FT

FIGURE 47

Page 51

10000

BOMB, S.AP, 10OOO-LB., AN-M59 AND

TRAIL VS. DROP


10000 AND

10000 8000

25000 FEET

6000 4000 2000

TRAIL-FT.

_ . _ -_0

-w 50000000

4-Jw

I

0

I fW~f*ilaIol III

4wi-Jw

15000 H

IL

0

20000 0

JI0000 - - -25000

FIGURE 48

Page 52

AN-M59A1

BOMB, A. P,1600-LB. AN-MK I

VS. DROP

TRAIL IN FEET FOR RELEASE ALTITUDES10000 AND 25000 FEET

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000TRAIL -FT

-0

--- -1;:- 50000000

ww

0--- -- 150100

a0

5000 - -'s -20000

110000_ - -25000

FIGURE 49

TRAIL

Page 53

Volume IPart 2

BOMBING OF CONCRETEGENERAL TEXT

1. The relatively large dispersion and low striking velocities of bombs

prevent the bombing of concentrated, strongly-built concrete Fortifications from

being generally profitable. However, general purpose bombs can be effec-

tively used in the removal of the dirt coverings over piliboxes prior to artillery

attack. Figures 50 to 55 inclusive give the crater sizes and earth displacements

caused by various size bombs.

ABOVE GROUNDCLAY

SSOFT CHALK I

HARD CHALK

GRAVEL

.. w-iUN TYPE A

SHEAR \~~;PLATO ' QULp ETYPE B

TYPE C n

n mD

DEBRIS MOUND O O

O CD

PARTIAL 0CAMOUFLET G) G

A AMOUFLET MOUND O

GAMOUFLET -I

o >3m

CRATER TYPES 171

SCALE I/4 OF SCALE IN GRAPH 0

I0-. . .I

I*0 210

0 90

E O SF OF GU TO CT OF M

DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS

SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING 3 0

(TNT OR AMATOL)

FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE GRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL

TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE,HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND

SURFACE,THE CRATERSIN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.

EXAMPLE: A 100-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF

TEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE C APPROXIMATELY 3 TO 6 FEET DEEP AND 18 TO 21 FEET

IN DIAMETER.

FIGURE 50

Page 54

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " -~

Page 55

SOFT CHALK

HARD CHALK -

GRAVEL N

-! . ; . , ... f

/E GROUND j ELOW GROUND£1 01 20 30

.9 11 L0 20,

0I.

I I I 1 9 1 I I

DO £0

DEBRIS MOUND

I)IPARTIAL-J- CAMOUFLET

CAOFE MOUND

GRATER TYPESSCALE 1/4 OF SCALE IN GRAPH

it0 20p ~ ~ ~ -p a a a a *

DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS

SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING

(TNT OR AMATOL)FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE CRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL

TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND.

o Wo 0

a a,

0.

o cu

O DZ

o D

a, 0

C A

o)a,

SURFACE,,TH-E CRATERS IN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.

EXAMPLE: A 250-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OFTEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 5 TO 9 FEET DEEP AND 26 TO 29 FEETIN DIAMETER.

FIGURE 51

. 1 . . ° I I , I I I I

Page 55

30 O A gC PARTIAL CWUFLET

- - --PLATFOR SHOULDER

DIA ETER. N

20

20~ I D

w ', c1 'I c

PARIA Z* _

20_2 J>AMOUFLET G)

-D-P

IL ____ _____: ACAMOUFLETON

o -0 0 oDEP

ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND GRATER TYPES Z z o

l 0CLAY '''''' O . ha j a ..I''' 1 '''' 1 ly11II IIIII1I1 ,I, 11II1II SCALE 1/4 OFSCALE IN GRAPH O 'IC 20

GRAVEL mDTAEFRMSFAEO ~ea a,,* ,

DITNEFO UFC FGROUND TO CENTER OF MASSw 6

SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING 0(TNT OR AMATOL) W,

FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE CRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL

TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND

SURFACE,TH-E CRATERS IN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.

EXAMPLE: A 500 *LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF

TEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 8 TO II FEET DEEP AND 32 TO 35 FEET

IN DIAMETER.

FIGURE 52

Page 51

so -- A 8 __ PARTIAL UFLA

ISHEAR "PLATFOR ~LS HOULDER

40 D ETER '

30 40 - ___ ___

330 i. ~DEBRIS MOUND 0DI- p/PRTA

20 CAMOUFLET G) 0

~~AMOULETMON D r

0 DP CAMOUFLET -_10:10' -C

aI .- t n.7. '

w0000ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND GRATER TYPES 17 Z )CLA1 24 3 4IAA9 3 SCALE I/4 OF SCALE IN GRAPH C

10 20 30 4-0 0p 1

SOTCAK10 20 30

GAE............ .. , ...

DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS 0°*1

SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE-FILLING 0 Z(TNT OR AMATOL) wD

FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE CRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL

TO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND (

SURFACE,THE CRATERSIN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.

EXAMPLE: A 1000-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OF

TEN FEET WILL YIELD A CRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 14 FEET DEEP AND 38 TO 42 FEETIN DIAMETER.

FIGURE 53

Page 58,

-50 X70 A B - C - ATA ___ FL

50' -N- -YP C ATAAFE .'.---

PLATFOR SHOULDER40 TYP B

- IA ETER --, ,o, ., r

500 - w40 G

-30 40ww0 3O. IrDEBRIS MOUND

___ ___7_ ___ ___A___lRTIAL z30_ _________ __ CAMOUFLET 6) 030 00

0 20 I -CAMOUFLET MOUND 0

o -20 -' ED il 0

" DEPT *.j CA UFE.____ CMOUFLE

I0 0- Ii" ,I N

00000ABOVE GROUND BELOW GROUND CRATER TYPES Z Z~

CLAY p , 9 0,30 9 5,6 SCALE 1/4 OFSCALE IN GRAPH

SOFT CHALK~ 30 -, 0*

10o Q 9 .I0 20 30 4,0 N =GRAVEL U) 0, ~ , , ,

DISTANCE FROM SURFACE OF GROUND TO CENTER OF MASS'1

SHADED REGIONS IN GRAPH INDICATE APPROXIMATE VALUES OF DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS FOR NORMAL EXPLOSIVE FILLING 0Z(TNT OR AMATOL) W03

FOR DETONATIONS OCCURING RELATIVELY DEEP IN SAND, THE CRATER DIAMETERS AND DEPTHS ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUALTO THOSE OF HARD CHALK. THE PROFILE, HOWEVER, IS MORE NEARLY CONICAL. FOR DETONATIONS CLOSE TO THE GROUND (0)SURFACE,THE CRATERSIN SAND ARE LARGER THAN THOSE IN HARD CHALK.

EXAMPLE: A 2000-LB. BOMB DETONATING IN SOFT. CHALK OR EQUIVALENT SOIL AT A DEPTH OFTEN FEET WILL YIELD A GRATER OF TYPE B APPROXIMATELY 13 TO 16 FEET DEEP AND 45 TO 49 FEETIN DIAMETER.

FIGURE 54

SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS-

INCHES

EARTH DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS IN CLAY SOIL(ALL G.R AND L.C. BOMBS)

30

24

18

12

-6

-0

18

-12

-6

-O

-12

-6

K12

-6

-0O H O

" 0I0OOLB. G. PAN- M30 O

250 LB.G.P. I

AN-M57 0

0LB.G.2.

1000 LB. G.P. " L

AN-M44,AN-M65 o2Q00 LB.G.P 4 I

AN-M34,AN-M66 o4000 LB.L.C. p

AN-M56

The curves show horizontal and vertical dis-

placements of the surface of the ground measured

at various distances from the exploding charge.

Soil effect: Values given are from observations

on clay and clay-gravel mixture. Displace-

ments in chalk, not shown on this plot, werefound to Fall below those in clay.

Type of explosive: The curves are based on

experiments using the following types of ex-

plosives TNT, 40/60 amatol, baratol, dithekite,

minol, black powder and dynamite, with charge

weights ranging from 25 to 990 pounds. On theother hand, displacements in clay obtained

with torpex and hexanite are greater than for

equal weights of any of the above explosives.

Absence of depth effect: The data indicate

that for the range of depths tested, the displace-

ments obtained are independent of the depth of

burial L provided only that the bomb or chargeis completely buried. Depths in these experi-

ments varied from 7 to 22 feet, and the cone-

sponding values of L/W%' were between 1.1

and 3.6 ft./lb.'

Accuracy of graph: The curves predict dis-

placements over the entire range with an average

deviation of 15%.EXAMPLE: The maximum horizontal transient

displacement at 60 ft. from the point of burst of

a 500 lb. G.P. Bomb is 1.3 inches.

I' 50I I

50p I

50

50I I

50

100

100

50 100 15050 100 150

1 p p I I . 1 p I ' 1 1 1 1

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE-FEET

I I

IS

200I r I p p

FIGURE 55

Page 59

Page 60

DEFORMATION AND RUPTURE

2. General purpose bombs (TNT or Amatol loaded) dropped from

a high altitude upon direct impact with thick concrete will deform or may

break up (see Table 1) and function low order, however, limited tests conducted

with TNT and Amatol loaded bombs indicated that when the bombs are

fuzed 0.1 sec. or less delay, high order detonation will result. Armor-piercing

bombs will not deform or break up regardless of the altitude of release. Semi-

armor-piercing bombs weighing less than 1,000 lb. are ineffective against

concrete fortifications 5 feet or more in thickness. The 1,000-lb. Semi-Armor-

Piercing Bomb, AN-M59 or AN-M59A1, and the 1,600-lb. Armor-Piercing

Bomb, AN-Mk., are effective for destruction of pillboxes when it is pos-

sible to obtain direct hits. Table I gives the deformation and rupture alti-

tude for bombs falling on very thick concrete.

TABLE 1

DEFORMATION AND RUPTURE ALTITUDE FOR BOMBS FALLING ON VERY THICK CONCRETE

Bombs will begin to deform at Bombs will rupture at altitudes

altitudes in Feet of about in Feet of about

Bomb

3,400 p.s.i. 5,000 p.s.i. 3,400 p.s.i. 5,000 p.s.i.

concrete concrete concrete concrete

G.P. 100-lb., AN-M30 or AN-M30AI 1,500 all 7,000 3,000

250-lb., AN-M57 or AN-M57A1 4,000 800 16,000 7,000

500-lb., AN-M64 or AN-M64A1 3,500 800 14,000 7,0001,000-lb., AN-M65 or AN-M65A1 3,500 800 14,000 7,0002,000-lb., AN-M66 or AN-M66A1 5,000 1,500 20,000 10,000

S.A.P. 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1, orAN-M58A2 15,000 5,000 No rupture

1,000-lb., AN-M59 or AN-M59A1 23,000 8,000 No rupture

A.P. (all) No deformation or rupture

Page 61

3. PENETRATION AND PERFORATION

In this discussion of the effects of bombs upon concrete, perforation of a

wall or roof means complete passage of the bomb through the concrete, while

penetration means making a crater in the concrete which does not go all the

way through.

Table 2 gives concrete perforation thicknesses for S.A.P. and A.P. bombsand the number of bombs required for 50% and 90% probabilities of hittinga I0-yd. by 10-yd. target from various altitudes of release when the true airspeed of the airplane is 250 m.p.h.

TABLE 2

APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM THICKNESSES OF CONCRETE PERFORATED BY S.A.P. & A.P. BOMBS

Altitude of plane (ft.) (assumed true air speed, 250 m.p.h.) 5,000 .10,000 20,000 30,000

Number of bombs required to hit a 10-yd. x 50%J 25-250 100-1,000 400-4,000 1,000-10,00010-yd. target with probability of1 90% 80-800 350-3,500 1,300-13,000 ,3,500-35,000

Striking veloc- 500-lb. S.A.P., AN-M58, AN-M58A1 ority (f/s) AN-M58A2 620 800 1,000 1,080

1,000-lb. S.A.P., AN-M59 or AN-M59A1 635 820 1,030 1,120

1,000-lb. A.P., M52A1 640 825 1,050 1,150

1,600-lb. A.P., AN-MI.1 660 840 1,080 1,210

Approximate Strength of concrete 500-lb. S.A.P. 21/4 ft. 31/3 41/4 41/2

thickness 3,400 p.s.i. 1,000-lb. S.A.P. 3 ft. 4 61/3 71,000-lb. A.P. 31/4 ft. 5 71/2 81/2

of concrete 1,600-lb. A.P. 41/4 ft. 63/4 9/2 111/2

perforated 500-lb. S.A.P. 2 ft. 3 31/2 33/41,000-lb. S.A.P. 23/4 ft. 4 5 51/21,000-lb. A.P. 3 ft. 41/2 61/4 71,600-lb. A.P. 4 ft. 52/3 8 91/2

'The smaller numbers are based on good accuracy (15 mil); under operational conditions the larger numbers may be more realistic.

Page 62

Table 3 gives concrete perForation For G.P. bombs dropped From 5,000 Feet or greater altitudes.

TABLE 3

PROBABLE MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF CONCRETE PERFORATED (FT.) BY G.P. BOMBS FROM ALTITUDES ABOVE

5,000 FT.

AN-M30 or AN-M57 or AN-M64 or AN-M65 or AN-M66 orStrength oF Concrete AN-M30AI AN-M57A1 AN-M64A1 AN-M65A1 AN-M66A1

100-lb. 250-lb. 500-lb. 1,000-lb. 2,000-lb.

3,400 p.s.i. concrete 1 11/2 1 2 4

5,000 p.s.i. concrete 3/4 1 1 11/2 3

S.A.P. and A.P. bombs which penetrate but Fail to perForate a concrete target will remove various volumes oF concrete. Table 4 shows the optimum

Fuze settings, For the different bombs, to remove the greatest volumes.

TABLE 4

APPROXIMATE VOLUMES OF CONCRETE (5,000 P.S.I.) REMOVED FROM THICK CONCRETE BY BOMBS WHICH PENE-

TRATE BUT FAIL TO PERFORATE

Fuze Setting 500-lb. S.A.P. 1,000-lb. S.A.P. 1,000-lb. A.P. 1,600-lb. A.P.

0.1-sec. delay 10 cu. Ft. 30 cu. ft. 100 cu. Ft. 350 cu. Ft.

0.025-sec. delay 10-30 30-100 1502 4002

0.01-sec. delay 302 1002 100 150

Instantaneous Several Sq. Ft. 2 to 3" deep, spalled off Face

'The shape and depth of the craters vary with the altitude of release but the volume of concrete tends to remain constant.

2These volumes correspond to the approximate times at which bomb will detonate at bottom of crater; if fuzed with longer delay, the bomb will rebound prior to

detonation.

Page, 63

4. ATTACK ON CONCRETE PILLBOXES UTILIZING CONFINEDDETONATION CLOSE TO EXTERNAL WALL

Dirt cbvering upon concrete considerably reduces the concrete thickness

that can be perforated, but in those cases where the dirt cushions a G.P.

bomb sufficiently to permit high order detonation within approximately 1

foot of the concrete, the confinement of the dirt greatly increases the blast

effect. When this condition occurs a 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb will probably

destroy a wall 7 ft. thick, and a 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb will seriously damage or

destroy a wall 5 ft. thick. A 1,000-lb. S.A.P. bomb will considerably damage

a 5-ft. wall. This type of bombing requires great precision, because the

bomb must (1) detonate near enough to a wall of a pillbox, (2) detonate

under a sufficient layer of dirt, and (3) except in the case of the stronger

S.A.P. bomb, it must have sufficiently low striking velocity to prevent it

from breaking up on impact with the concrete wall. Therefore, this method

of attack is used to best advantage only when low altitude bombing is

employed.

a. BOMBING FROM HORIZONTAL FLIGHT AT MINIMUMALTITUDE

Bombs will probably ricochet if they hit fiat ground after being dropped

from an airplane flying horizontally at low altitude.

(I) A 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb, necessarily fuzed long delay, will penetrate

almost horizontally up to about 10 ft. if it hits rising ground that has an

angle of 25 or more degrees. If it comes to rest close to concrete, or even if it

strikes the concrete near the end of its natural path, it will probably detonate

after the fuze delay time. Under these conditions the explosive force of the

bomb is sufficient to destroy a pillbox up to 7 ft. thick. If it strikes concrete

after little penetration into dirt, or after none, the bomb may break up and

do no damage.

(II) A 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb would behave in the same way except

for slightly less penetration of dirt and for less drastic effect.

(III) A 1,000-lb. S.A.P. bomb would behave similarly except that it

would not break up, even upon a direct hit on concrete, and that its effect

is much smaller. However, there is no great advantage in a direct hit on

concrete (or a hit after slight penetration in earth) from low altitudes,

because the striking velocity is low and little demolition will occur in the

absence of good confinement.

(IV) Conclusion: Bombing from horizontal flight at minimum altitude

is advantageous only if there is a probability of a bomb striking a sloping

cushion of earth over 5 ft. thick in front of the concrete. In this event the

2,000-lb. G.P. bomb is best, with the 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb second best.

b. BOMBING FROM A GLIDE TO AVOID RICOCHET

An angle of fall above 250 should prevent ricochet, but for angles below

400 the bomb will tend to remain fairly close to the ground surface instead

of penetrating deeply. Short delay fuzing would be reasonably safe, as

ricochet is unlikely, but a delay of less than 0.025 sec. might result in

premature detonation. Since the likelihood of ricochet at various angles is

largely dependent upon the nature of the terrain, proper precautions should

be observed when ground conformation or composition increases the chance

of ricochet.

An angle of fall above 250 is obtained by bombing from a plane at 350

miles per hour or less under the following conditions:

No glide: altitude greater than 1,000 ft.100 glide: altitude greater than 850 ft.

200 glide: altitude greater than 350 ft.

Bombing under conditions tending to prevent ricochet makes it possible for

a bomb to approach a concrete wall (or a concrete roof) through a com-

paratively long, shallow, underground cushioned path. To obtain these

advantages the bomb would almost necessarily have to hit 3 to 4 yd. in

front of the pillbox. The 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb remains the best selection,

the 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb next best.

c. BOMBING FROM A GLIDE TO AVOID RICOCHET ANDINSURE DEEP PENETRATION IN THE GROUND

When the angle of fall is greater than about 400, the bomb, provided it is

not deflected, will probably follow a straight path, at least in the first half

of its penetration. This is particularly desirable when. a pillbox is deeply

encased.

An angle of fall above 40° is obtained by bombing from a plane at 350

m.p.h. or less under the following conditions:

No glide: altitude greater than 2,900 ft.100 glide: altitude greater than 2,700 ft.

20° glide: altitude greater than 2,100 ft.30° glide: altitude greater than 1,150 ft.

The 2,000-lb. G.P. bomb remains the best selection, the 1,000-lb. G.P.

bomb next best.

d. ATTACK OF LIGHTER PILLBOXES

Large G.P. bombs, fuzed 0.025 sec. delay, seem to be definitely advan-

tageous against pillboxes encased in dirt when the concrete thickness is 2

ft. or less, since the bombs would probably be effective both by direct hit

or by near miss provided they did not ricochet.

Page 64

Volume I, Part 3

BOMB FRAGMENT DAMAGE

1. TABLES OF FRAGMENT DAMAGE.These tables give the number B of effective hits per sq. ft. of target area

at a given distance r from the burst. The numbers B are averages for dif-

ferent directions' from the burst. They are properly applied only to a

considerable number of bursts with random orientation of the bomb axis

relative to the target.

2. DAMAGE PATTERNS.

As distinguished from damage tables, the damage patterns represent

typical individual cases and vary with the remaining velocity of the bomb,

angle of fall, and the height of burst. Both damage tables and damage

patterns presuppose a graze or air burst with no shielding of the target.

The user of the data given here must make due allowance for target shielding

and the penetration of the bomb into the ground before burst. The amount

of this penetration will depend upon the remaining velocity, angle of fall of

the bomb, the nature of the soil, and the bomb and fuze. In the fragment

damage patterns, shadings of different types indicate regions of decreasing

density of hits. The, regions distinguished are those where there is at least

one hit per 1, 4, 10, or 25 sq. ft. of area. These units of area are understood as

normal to the fragment trajectories. Unshaded regions entering near the burst

do not indicate that there are no effective hits in these regions, but merely that the

density of effective hits is less than that belonging to the nearest shaded area.

The white centers of the Fragment patterns are used to indicate the origin of

the polar system above which 'the missile bursts. In general these areas suffer

the highest type of Fragment damage as well as blast damage.

3. TYPES OF DAMAGE.

The types of damage considered are casualties, and normal perforations

of mild steel of Y-in., u-in., and 2-in, thickness. A casualty is taken as

caused by a hit with at least 58 ft.-lb. of energy. It is incapacitation and not

necessarily death. Damage comprising perforation of Y-in. mild steel is

considered effective against airplanes on the ground. Damage in which there

is perforation of Y4-in. or %-in, mild steel is effective against trucks, light

armored vehicles, railway rolling stock, and targets of similar resistant

nature.

4. THE CHOICE OF BOMBS.

Tables 5, 6, and 7, which follow this introduction will be found useful in

making a choice of bomb against unshielded targets according to the type

of fragment damage desired. At low or medium altitudes not exceeding

10,000 ft., the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41, is to be preferred

against personnel or when only light damage is needed. As noted in Table 5,

the parachute on the 23-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M40, improves the

effect of the nonparachute Bomb, AN-M41, for low altitude bombing about

three times. When released from 20,000 ft., the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb,

AN-M41, is reduced to less than one half the power it possesses in low alti-

tude bombing.

For 10,000- and 20,000-ft. altitudes of release, the bombs listed other than

the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41, are somewhat improved because

of the downward change in fragment direction caused by the remaining

velocity and the higher angle of fall. The bombs should be used in accordance

with the type of damage required, consulting Tables 6 and 7. The 90-lb.

Fragmentation Bomb,T9 (M82),may be used in clusters of six and when so used

will be particularly effective, if the required damage is at most equivalent

to perforation of u-in. mild steel. For heavier damage, the 260-lb. Fragmen-

tation Bomb, AN-M81, or the 500-lb. G.P. Bomb, AN-M64, may be used.

5. AIR BURSTS.

Against personnel in medium foxholes or on rough, terrain, or against

other moderately shielded targets, an air burst of the 500-lb. G.P. Bomb,

AN-M64, or the 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81, is recommended.

A height of burst from 30 to 50 ft. would be effective, with the higher

burst counteracting the greater shielding. Released from an altitude of

10,000 ft. or more, the 20-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M41, is considerably

diminished in fragment damage not only from the effects illustrated in the

fragment patterns but also because the bomb penetrates the soil to some

extent before bursting. Here again an air burst of the 500-lb. G.P. Bomb,

AN-M64, or the 260-lb. Fragmentation Bomb, AN-M81, will be highly

effective.

The altitudes of release given for bombs assume atrue air speed of 250m.p.h.

'Restricting these directions to side wall directions in the case of bombs.

-S -C 0

0a0

r- 0

0= E

aNVt

0 -

Es 0

0'

..0 0 0

0D

0 N

0 -. U

-0 Vt

.00

'0 p

Oa. U

C 1

C0 0 1#

0-

00)0

u0) 0

0 ... C- 4- c

CL04 CO

Nn Or N

0 0 Lin 04 V- 04 04 0v 0%. IV V- - %0

C 0V L 0 e- C Co 0

v 0 In 0 '

.c 0 LA LA C E o 0% 0 .N EOL '. - LA00 0 0 . . 0 0 I0

04 .o 04 04 0 a 2

-0 0 .so0.* 0 ..0 Li0 C4 . .0 ~ .

2° * 2 c 2 . O 0 c 0

0.2 0 0 .0 0 in .0 .n 0

Page 65

C

i

DJ 0

0 0 000, 0

~044 mco N0

Zg-ZZ

v- 04 LM

(f0

Vt002

0

Vt

0

C

'y

0

Ut -

0

00

0U N

0

0

4) V

aoLA 0

0 0

0-

20

C00)

a!

0)0

-o0

~0

C

0

a

0

.10

C0-

rt.

-a

0 0

0 >

00a-0-

-C3-

C0

a,0

00s

0

U

aa0.

0

z.0E0

.0

0}0)

ao0

oas

~0

.0-0

0 4-0

.~0c0

0 0

C0

-ca

.1-C

U 0i

0) 0C .D

0

0 a,

0c-

0~

} 00

*0 . 0

0M Ebw. 'A '

0 0

oo

a) N

-D0

-

E 0 u.0-~

0 *., -

E}>0

oEmu0

0JC

-u 3 0

0 0o

0.

IV co 0 CO a o C

0

.~% n 0 0 0 00NE NE E 0% 00 04 E E

E 4 E 0 0 -O E . 0 EW 00 o a -0-

o '- 0c -0 . 0 0 0

0 D 0 .C .0 .O0 E El .G .O ..0 O 0On Eu ,0

mA0U)04 ..O00 0006

Page 60

diC

0

.2 J C0i 00 j

0J a0

'01'a0% 00

'04In

0

0

0

0)u

0 .

'A c

U *.

0)00'A0

-00

In 0

0 *.0

4-C

20

2 0

-0

'A

'A

~0

)

0

0)0,

0,

C

C

0

00

C0'A

u

-C

0a,

00

0

0

0

-

0) 0C .0

0

=E

4- °

Ca0

0 p*** a

.C N

00.

:20a)y

~0.

0

a)U

C a) 4

L 0 °-

0 .00

C a)

2002of

uI a

a

1i.~

a

o o

as

0 0 0 0 0o0 04

S In In Co 04 0'O o C'0 0 Co c

a) .0 .0 .0 .0 2 2 -.0 ..0 , .D .

0. .0 0 -0 0 0 0 .0 -0 .D 0 .D 0 0 0 0 0E E -0 E -. , .0 .0 E .D E .0 .0.0 D 0o 0 O 0 . O G4 .. D 0 .0 O 0

0.0 so . 00 - ~ 0.o- .2E 0 T r *0 004 0 >. I > 0 0 0 *04 0

o04 al 0 d a, a1 C C al0 0 In d ®f df

Page 67

6)C

00) J 0)

C C C

C0 0 m -

00

J a0ZE a EO

'u%0 I

0104 en o 0

00000040*0°00

V-04 In)

U.

0000NWf

wa

0w

0

I-

-I

a)

a)

-E

0

0U0

C

UI N

-C

0 u

o0

._ 0

0.I 0

C

'00

,0 .~

a) 0o

0-0 0

20

0

C

0

a)

01

a)

a)

C

C0'f

U0

00

Ca)

U

a)

-C

U,

a

0.0a,

0

a)

.00a

--

Page 68

20-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M41A1TNT Loading

INITIAL FRAGMENT VELOCITY 2,810 F/S

TABLE 8

CASUALTIES

Average For the lightest

Distance Total number, number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity

(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)

r N B m v

20 1,171 .3821 .0075 ' 2,810

30 1,146 .1662 .011 2,320

40 1,116 ' .0910 .016 1,930

60 1,044 .0379 .028 1,460

80 958 .0195 .042 1,190

100 882 .0115 .055 1,040

150 723 .0042 .085 836

200 614 .0020 .111 731

300 i400 .0006 .170 591

400 216 .0002 .243 502

PERFORATION

TABLE 9

OF l/ 8 -IN. MILD STEEL


Distance Total number number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)

r N B m v

20 1,011 .342 .032 2,780

30 936 .141 .045 2,470

40 850- .0719 .060 2,230

60 657 .0247 .102 1,880

80 430 .0091 .161 1,660

100, 244 .0033 .230 1,470

120 113 .0011 .308 1,340

140 32 .0002 .397 1,240

160 11 .0001 .493 1,170

Page 69

90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)Camp. B Loading

INITIAL FRAGMENT VELOCITY 3,100 F/STABLE 10

CASUALTIES

Average For the lightestDistance Total number number of effective Fragment

From burst of effective effective Frag- Weight Velocity(Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (F/s)

r N 'B m v

40 4,520 .369 .014 2,06050 4,240 .221 .019 1,77060 3,980 .144 .024 1,57580 3,490 .0712 .036 1,280

100 2,880 .0376 .050 1,090150 2,000 .0116 .080 862200 1,770 .0058 .105 753300 .1,400 .0020 .160 610400 1,040 .0009 .230 509600 646 .0002 .405 383800 413 .0001 .632 307

TABLE 11

PERFORATION OF 1/8 -IN. MILD STEEL

Average For the lightestDistance Total number number oF effective FragmentFrom burst oF effective effective Frog- Weight Velocity

(ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (fs)

r N B m v

20 4,000 1.304 .024 3,10030 3,510 .510 .034 2,72040 3,010 .245 .048 2,41060 1,980 .0716 .082 2,01080 1,620 .0331 .125 1,790

100 1,290 .0168 .180 1,590120 975 .0088 .250 1,430140 760 .0051 .330 1,310170 580 .0026 .465 1,190200 435 .0014 .605 1,100300 149 .0002 1.12 952

TABLE 12PERFORATION OF 4-IN. MILD STEEL

r N B m v

20 1,220 .398 .192 3,10030 1,050 .152 .230 2,90040 896 .0731 .275 2,72060 681 .0247 .380 2,42080 540 .0110 .500 2,200

100 395 .0052 .650 2,020120 285 .0026 .815 1,870140 193 .0013 .992 1,750170 83 .0004 1.36 1,610200 18 .0001 1.74 1,490

Page 70

100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M30 OR AN-M3OA1Amol Loading

TABLE 13,CASUALTIES


PERFORATIONTABLE 14OF 1 8-IN. MILD STEEL

Average For the lightestDistance Total number number oF effective fragment

From burst oF effective effective Frag- Weight Velocity(Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (F/s)

r N B m v

70 4,120 .110 .009 2,57080 3,850 .0785 .011 2,320

100 3,350 .0437 .017 1,870120 3,040 .0276 .024 1,570140 2,730 .0182 .033 1,340170 2,300 .0104 .047 1,130200 1,880 .0061 .062 980300 1,080 .0016 .107 746500 519 .0003 .214 531700 232 .0001 .357 411

TABLE 15PERFORATION OF -IN. MILD STEEL

r N B, m v

20 3,070 1.00 .022 7,19030 2,830 .411 .029 6,39040 2,560 .209 .039 5,66060 1,950 .0707 .060 4,76080 1,370 .0279 .086 4,140

100 990 .0129 .115 3,780120 758 .0069 .150 3,470140 594 .0040 .191 3,110170 393 .0018 .265 2,760200 239 .0008 .352 2,490300 55 .0001 .750 1,930

Average For the lightestDistance Total number, number of effective Fragment

From burst of effective effective Frag- Weight Velocity(Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. Ft. (oz.) (F/s)

r N B m v

40 4,120 .336 .009 4,35050 3,480 .182 .012 4,06060 3,330 .121 .016 3,67080 3,040 .0620 .024 3,100

100 2,620 .0342 .037 2,650120 2,150 .0195 .052 2,350140 1,670 .0111 .071 2,110170 1,090 .0049 .105 1,870200 758 .0025 .150 1,700400 58 .0001 .68 1,070

Page 71

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T10)Comp. B Loading


TABLE 16

CASUALTIES


Distance Total number number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frog- Weight Velocity(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)

r N B M. v

40 6,620 .540 .012 2,230

50 6,490 .339 .016 1,93060 6,300 .228 .021 1,680

80 5,910 .120 .033 1,340100 5,450 .0711 .047 1,130

150 4,540 .0263 .076 886

200 3,990 .0130 .101 768300 3,230. .0047 .157 616

500 2,190 .0011 .301 444

700 1,620 .0004 .492 348

1,000 1,090 .0001 .887 259

TABLE 18PERFORATION OF -IN. MILD STEEL

r N B m v

20 3,330 1.090 .149 3,480

30 3,040 .440 .176 3,24040 2,640 .216 .225 2,920

60 2,200 .0798 .300 2,620

80 1,840 .0375 .400 2,380

100 1,590 .0207 .515 2,180150 1,080 .0063 .890 1,820

200 685 .0022 1.38 1,600

250 379 .0008 2.00 1,420

300 189 .0003 2.75 1,300

TABLE 17

PERFORATION OF 1/8.IN. MILD STEEL


Distance Total number number of effective fragmentfrom burst of effective effective frog- Weight Velocity

(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz,) (f/s)

r N B m v

20 6,330 2.070 .020 3,28030 6,070 .880 .029 2,88040 5,680 .463 .040 2,57060 4,830 .175 .066 2,16080 4,010 .0817 .100 1,890

100 3,330 .0434 .149 1,710150 2,170 .0126 .307 1,340200 1,580 .0052 .513 1,160300 999 .0014 .994 967400 587 .0005 1.55 863600 170 .0001 2.85 742

TABLE 19.

PERFORATION OF 1h-IN. MILD STEEL

r N B m v

20 868 .283 1.15 3,450

30 770 .112 1.27 3,33040 679 .0554 1.40 3,200

60 509 .0185 1.68 2,99080 379 .0077 2.01 2,790

100 281 .0037 2.37 2,640

120 196 .0018 2.75 2,510140 117 .0008 3.16 2,380

170 43 .0002 3.85 2,230

200 25 .0001 4.62 2,100

Page 12

500-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M64 OR AN-M64A1Amatol Loading

INITIAL FRAGMENT VELOCITY 7,390 F/STABLE 20

CASUALTIES

Average For the lightestDistance Total number number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity(ft.) fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)

r N B m v

70 16,190 .431 .009 2,57080 15,190 .310 .012 2,230

100 13,600 .178 .017 1,870

150 9,600 .0557 .037 1,270200 6,300 .0206, .061 990

250 4,650 .0097 .084 840

300 4,000 .0058 .106 750500 2,340 .0012 .214 531

700 1,330 .0004 .356 4111,000 430 .0001 .653 302

TABLE 22

PERFORATION OF /-11N. MILD STEEL

N B m v

20 12,450 4.06 .021 7,300

30 11,330 1.64 .029 6,390

40 9,590 .782 .038 5,73060 6,470 .235 .059 4,80080 4,730 .0965 .085 4,160

100 3,470 .0488 .114 3,790150 2,380 .0138 .209 2,990200 1,390 .0046 .345 2,510

300 361 .0005 .735 1,940

500 100 .0001 2.12 1,400

TABLE 21

PERFORATION OF l/ 8-IN. MILD STEEL

Average For the lightestDistance Total number number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity(Ft.) Fragments ments per sq. ft. (oz.) (f/s)

r N B m v

40 16,190 1.321 .009 4,35050 15,190 .793 .012 4,06060 13,820 .501 .015 3,77080 12,200 .249 .023 3,150

100 9,840 .128 .036 2,670150 4,860 .0282 .081 2,020200 3,110 .0102 .148 1,710300 1,260 .0018 .37 1,270400 410 .0003 .68 1,070600 137 .0001 1.48 873

TABLE 23

PERFORATION OF ' 1/-IN. MILD STEEL

r N B m v

20 1,730 .565 .29 5,84030 1,480 .215 .33 5,55040 1,260 .104 .37 5,30060 834 .0302 .48 4,77080 486 .0099 .625 4,300

100 324 .0042 .81 3,890120 224 .0020 1.09 3,500140 137 .0009 1.44 3,160170 87 .0004 2.23 2,700200 31 .0001 3.14 2,390

Page 13

FRAGMENT DAMAGE PATTERNS

forBombs

Page 14

20-LB.' FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M41CASUALTIES

1-90°

FIGURE 56

Ground BurstRemaining Velocity 550 f/sAltitude of Release 8,500 Ft.

.FIGURE 57

Ground BurstRemaining Velocity 640 f/sAltitude of Release 20,000 Ft.

At least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft.



Page 15

20-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M41PERFORATION OF 1/8 -IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 58Ground BurstRemaining Velocity 550 f/sAltitude of Release 8,500 ft.


At least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft,



Page 16

23 -LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M40CASUALTIES




FIGURE 60

Ground BurstBomb Vertical

Page 1

23-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M40PERFORATION OF 1/8-IN. MILD STEEL

9001

90IAt least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft.



FIGURE 61

Ground BurstBomb Vertical

Page 1890-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)

CASUALTIES

FIGURE 62

Ground Burst

Remaining Velocity 760 f/s

Altitude of Release 15,000 ft.

At least I hit per 1 sq. ft.



Page 1990-LB. 'FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 -(M82)

CASUALTIES

FIGURE 63Height of Burst 30 ft.Remaining Velocity 760 f/sAltitude of Release 15,000 ft.

9 o4



I~liiuIlllliIAt least I hit per 10 sq. ft.

E~II At least I hit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 80

90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)CASUALTIES

FIGURE 64

Height of Burst 60 ft.



90


~III~i1At least I hit per, 25 sq. ft.GROUND I

0

Page 81

90-LB.. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)PERFORATION OF 1/8 -IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 65

Ground Burst



I-90°




Page 82

90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)PERFORATION OF l/ 8 -IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 66




9C

At least 1 hit per

At least 1 hit per

At least I hit perID; :lfi

Page 83

90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)PERFORATION OF l/8-IN. MILD STEEL

9001

FIGURE 67

Height of Burst 60 ft.Remaining Velocity 760 f/sAltitude of Release 1 5,000 ft.At least 1 hit, per 25 sq. ft.

Page 84

90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)PERFORATION OF 1/4-IN. MILD STEEL


At least 1 hit per 4 sq. ft. FIGURE 68

Ground Burst


At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. Altitude of Release 15,000 ft.

Page 85

90-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, T9 (M82)PERFORATION OF 1/4-IN. MILD STEEL

At (east 1 hit per 1 sq. ft.


At least I hit per 10 sq. ft. FIGURE 69


Remaining Velocity 760 f/sAt least 1 hit per 25 sq. ft. Altitude of Release 15,000 ft.

~t(

.. ......... i...ii.,;.i~ ... . ~ ... ... .-- ~ ..... ... ................ .... ..........: .~:.

.~

::::::::;::\:::::::::::; .""""""""""""''"""""""""':.':::""""""""""'

Page 86100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M30A1 or AN-M30

CASUALTIES

FIGURE 70

Ground BurstRemaining Velocity 830 f/sAltitude of Release 17,000 ft.

At least I hit per I sq. ft.



Page 87

100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M30A1 or AN-M30CASUALTIES

FIGURE 71Height of Burst 30 ft.Remaining Velocity 830 f/s





Page 88

100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M3OA1 or AN-M30CASUALTIES

l1~~1lllll~IIIAt least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft.

.At least 1 hit per 25 sq. ft.

FIGURE 72

Height of Burst 60 ft.Remaining Velocity 830 f/sAltitude of Release 17,000 ft.


PERFORATION OF 1/ 8-IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 73


-90



I U At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft.

Page 90

100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M3OA1 or AN-M30PERFORATION OF

1/ 8 -IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 74




900

' 0 M M' ZZOA At least I hit per 4 sq. ft.



-90°

Page 91

100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M3OA1, or AN-M30PERFORATION OF '/8-IN. MILD STEEL

90°1

FIGURE 75Height of Burst 60 ft.Remaining Velocity 830 f/sAltitude of Release 17,000 ft.At least 1 hit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 92100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M3OA1 or AN-M30

PERFORATION OF /4-IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 76

Ground Burst

Remaining Velocity 830 f/sAltitude of Release 17,000 ft.

-900

At leasti hit per 1 sq. ft.



Page 93

100-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M30A1 or AN-M30PERFORATION OF 1/4-IN. MILD STEEL

00


At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft. FIGURE 77

Height of Burst 30 ft.Remaining Velocity 830 f/sAltitude of Release 17,000 ft.hit per 25 sq. ft.At least 1

Page 94260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1O)

CASUALTIES


900

At least 1 hit per 1 sq. ft..



260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (Tb0)CASUALTIES

FIGURE 79Height, oF Burst 30 Ft.Remaining Velocity 960 f/sAltitude oF Release 20,000 Ft.

- At least I

At least I

At least 1 hit per 10 sq. Ft.

Page 95

Page 90260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1o)

CASUALTIES

FIGURE 80

Height oF Burst 60 ft.Remaining Velocity 960 f/sAltitude of Release 20,000 ft.

r'##/////////%/# At least 1 hit per4 sq. ft.



Page 91

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1O)PERFORATION OF 1/8-IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 81

Ground Burst



94




-900

Page 90260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1O)

PERFORATION OF 1/8-IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 82Height of Burst 30 ft.Remaining Velocity 960 f/sAltitude of Release 20,000 ft.

90

Ez~I

At least I hit per I

At least I hit per 4



Page 99

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1o)PERFORATION. OF

1/8-IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 83




E

90

E



At least i hit per 25 sq. ft.

Page 100260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T10)


FIGURE 84

Ground BurstRemaining Velocity 960 f/s




At least I hit per 10 sq. ft.1 11

Page 101

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T10)PERFORATION OF 1/4-IN. MILD STEEL




FIGURE 85

Height of Burst 30 Ft.

Remaining Velocity 960 F/s

Altitude of Release 20,000 Ft.

""""""' """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""''"""~""'""""""""""""'''

...

Page 102

FIGURE 86




E

90

E

At least I hit per 10 sq. Ft.

Z 1 At least I hit per 25 sq. ft.

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (1O)PERFORATION OF 14-IN. MILD STEEL

Page 103

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T1O)PERFORATION OF /-IN. MILD STEEL


At. least 1 hit per 4 sq. ft.



Page 104

260-LB. FRAGMENTATION BOMB, AN-M81 (T10)PERFORATION OF /-IN. MILD STEEL




FIGURE 88Height of Burst 30 ft.Remaining Velocity 960 f/sAltitude of Release 20,000 ft.0

500-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64CASUALTIES

FIGURE 89


94

At least I hit per 1 sq. ft,



Page 105

-900

Page 106 500-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64CASUALTIES

FIGURE 90

Height oF Burst 30 Ft.Remaining Velocity 990 f/sAltitude oF Release 20,000 Ft.




Page 107

500-LB. G.P. BOMB,AN-M64A1 or AN-M64CASUALTIES

FIGURE 91


90



1 At least i hit per 25 sq. Ft.

-900


PERFORATION OF 1/g-IN. MILD STEEL

FIGURE 92


900



At least I hit per 10 sq. ft.GROUND

-900

,i75"1

lzm



FIGURE 93


At least I hit per 1 sq. It.



1 At least I hit per 25 sq. Ft.



FIGURE 94


90°



~ZIIII1At least I hit per 25 sq. ft.



At least I hit

At least I hit


Page 111

-90°



FIGUREHeight of Burst 30 ft.Remaining Velocity 990 f/Altitude of Release 20,0OC

At least I hit pR

At least I hit pR

At least I hit pE

1Ii:II~fAt least I hit pR

ft,

w 1 sq. ft

,r 10 sq. It.

er 25 sq. ft. GON

Page 113

500-LB. G.P. BOMB, AN-M64A1 or AN-M64PERFORATION OF 1-IN. MILD STEEL

1~h111 Ii i At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft.


FIGURE 97




FIGURE 98

Ground Burst


Altit'A;e of Release 20,000 ft.

-900




Page 115


IIlllllllllllllllllllllllllliiIiiiill At least 1 hit per 10 sq. ft.


FIGURE 99


Page 116 Volume I, Part 4TABLE 24

GENERAL PURPOSE AND LIGHT CASE BOMBS

Weight Class (Lb.) 100 250 500

Model AN-M3OA1 AN-M30 AN-M57A1 AN-M57 AN-M64A1 AN-M64 AN-M43

Total 50-50 Amatol 107.8 107.8 252.0 252.0 512.0 512.0 508.0

Wt. TNT 110.3 111.3 -256.0 256.0 512.0 512.0 514.6

(Lb.) Comp, B - --- 522.9 523.5 --

Explosive 50-50 Amatol 54.3 53.3 120.9 120.9 260.4, 260.4 260.4

Charge TNT 56.8 56.8 124.9 124.9 260.4 260.4 267.0

(Lb.) Comp. B -- - 271.3 271.9

Diameter (In.) 8.18 8.18 10.93 10.93 14.18 14.18 14.18

Length, Total (In.) 38.46 38.46 47.80 47.80 59.16 59.16 59.16

Fuze, Nose AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, AN-M103, r AN-M103,M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103

Fuze, Tail AN-MI OOAi, AN-Mi OOA1, AN-MI OOA1, AN-Mi OOAI, AN-MI 01 Al, AN-MI 01 Al, AN-MI 01 Al,AN-M100A2 AN-MiOOA2 AN-M100A2 AN-MI 00A2 AN-MIOI A2 AN-MIOI A2 AN-MI11A2

M112, M1I2Ai, M112, Mi12A1, M112, Mii2Ai, M112, MI12A1, M113, MlI3Ai, M113, MII3AI, M113, M1i3AI,Fuze, Alternate MiI5, M123, M115, M132 M115, M123, M115, M132 M124, M133, M116, M133, M116

M132 M132 M116, AN-Mk. 230AN-Mkc. 230

Status Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard

GENERAL PURPOSE AND LIGHT CASE BOMBS

Weight Class (Lb.) 1,000 2,000 4,000

Model AN-M65A1 AN-M65 AN-M44 AN-M66A1 AN-M66 AN-M34 AN-M56AI AN-M56

Total 50-50 Amatol 997.0 997.0 .994.0 2,052.0 2,052.0 2,049.0 4,232.0 4,201.0

Wt. TNT 1,015.5 1,015.5 1,023.7 2,088.7 2,088.7 2,106.8 4,348.4 4,317.4

(Lb.) Comp. B 1,039.8 1,039.8 - 2,127.3 2,137.3 -- - -

Explosive 50-50 Amatol 528.6 528.6 528.6 1,059.2 1,059.2 1,059.2 3,233.6 3,240.6

Charge TNT 547.1 547.1 558.3 1,095.9 1,095.9 1,117.0 3,350.0 3,357.0

(Lb.) Comp. B 571.4 571.4 - 1,143.5 1,144.5 - -- -

Diameter (In.) 18.80 18.80 18.80 23.29 23.29 23.29 34.25 34.25

Length, Total (In.) 69.50 69.50 69.50 92.83 92.83 92.83 117.25 117.25

Fuze, Nose AN-Mi 03, AN-Mi 03, AN-Mi 03, AN-MI 03, AN-MI 03, AN-Mi 03, AN-MI 03, AN-MI 03,M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103 M103

Fuze, Tail AN-Mi 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-Mi 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02 Al,AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2

M114, _ M114, M1 14, M114, ' M114, M114,M1l4AI, MII4AI, MiI4A1, MII4AI, MII4AI, M1I14A1,

Fuze, Alternate M117, M134, Mil7, M134, Mil7 Mill, M125, Mill, M134, M117 - -M125, AN-Mk. 230 M134, AN-Mk. 230

ANM.20A -k 3 Status Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard Standard -Limited Standard

Page 117

TABLE 25

ARMOR-PIERCING BOMBS

Weight Class (Lb.) 600 800 900 1,000 1,400 1,600

Model M62' M61 M60 M522 AN-Mk. 33 M63 AN-Mk. I

Exp. "D" 634.0 853.0 889.0 1,078.0 1,008.0 1,412.0 1,590.0

Total Wt. (Lb.) TNT -- - - - 1,012.0 - ,596.0

Exp. "D" 33.61 32.68 43.34 58.35 140.0 35.0 209.0Explosive Charge (Lb.) TNT - - 144.0 - 215.0

Diameter (In.) 10.365 12.40 12.23 12.25 12.0 14.25 14.0

Length, Total (In.) 62.06 58.72 61.72 70.88 73.0 69.1 83.5

Fuze, Tail AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-M102A2 AN-Mk. 228 AN-M102A2 AN-Mk. 228

Fuze, Alternate M102 AN-MiO2AI, AN-MO 2AI, AN-MIO2AI, - AN-MIO 2AI -

M102 M102 M102 M102

Status Limited Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard

TABLE 26

SEMI-ARMOR-PIERCING BOMBS

Weight Class (Lb.) 500 1,000

Model AN-M58A2 AN-M58A1 AN-M59A1 AN-M59

50-50 Amatol 499.0 499.5 987.5 987.5

Total Wt. (Lb.) TNT 504.9 505.4 995.85 995.85

50-50 Amatol 144.5 144.5 303.25 303.25

Explosive Charge (Lb.) TNT 150.4 150.4 311.6 311.6

Diameter (In.) 11.83 11.83 15.125 15.125

Length, Total (In.) 57.81 57.81 70.375 70.375

Fuze, Nose (3) (3) (3) (3)

Fuze, Tail AN-MI 01 A2 AN-MI01 A2 AN-MI 02A2 AN-M102A2

AN-MI 01 Al, AN-MI 01Al, AN-MI 02A1, AN-MI 02AI,Fuze, Alternate MI 13, M 1 3, MI 14 Ml 14,

MII3AI, MI13AI, M114A1, M114AI,M116, M124 M116 M117, M125 M117

Status Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard

1M62A1 and M62A2 versions of this bombcontain only minor changes.

2M52A1 is only slightly different.

'In cases where G.P. bombs are not availablethese bombs may be fitted with Bomb, Fuze,Nose, AN-MI03, by removing nose plugand inserting fuze.

Page 118

TABLE 27

FRAGMENTATION BOMBS

Weight Class (Lb.) 4 20 20 23 23 23 23 90 260

Model M83 (T11) AN-M41 Al AN-M41 AN-M4OAI AN-M40 M72A1 M72 T9 (M82) AN-M81(TIO)

Total TNT - 19.80 19.80 24.70 24.70 24.60 24.60 86.62 263.0'Wt.

(Lb.) 50-50 Amatol - 19.67 19.67 24.57 24.57 24.47 24.47 - 264.5'

Explosive TNT 0.47 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 12.32 33.9'Charge(Lb.) 50-50 Amatol - 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 - 35.42

Diameter (In.) 3.125 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 6.06 8.125

Length, Total (In.) 3.25 22.24 21.80 29.94 29.50 29.94 29.50 28.00 43.70

Fuze, Nose - AN-M11OAI AN-MIIOAl MI2OAI MI2OAI MI2OAI MI2OAI AN-M103 AN-M103

Fuze, Tail - - - - - - - - AN-MiOOA2

Fuze, Alternate - MilO Milo M120,AN-M104 M120, AN-M104 M120 M120 M103 AN-M OOAI'

Cluster M28, M29 AN-M1 A2 AN-MI Al, Ml AN-M4AI AN-M4 - - - -

Status Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Limited Standard Standard Standard

'For Ednatol or TNT Loading.2Comp. B Loading.'Partially armed 350 turns.

TABLE 28

FRAGMENTATION CLUSTERS

Model AN-MI A2 AN-MI Al Ml AN-M4AI AN-M4 M26 M28 M29

Weight Loaded (Lb.) 125.0 87.2 155.21 415.

Width (In.) 8.8 8.8 10.5 16.09 8.00 13.89

Length (In.) 46.6 46.75 31.0 52.56 47.35 59.37

Bombs, Number 6 6 6 3 3 20 24 90

Bomb, Model 20-lb., AN-M41 Al 20-lb.,AN-M41 20-lb., M41 23-lb., AN-M40Ai 23-lb., AN-M40 20-lb., AN-M41 4-lb., M83 (TI1) 4-lb., M83 (T11)

Cluster Adapter AN-MiA3 AN-MI A2 Ml AN-M3AI AN-M3 1 MI51 Ml61

Status Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

'Bombs released by Fuze, M.T., M11 A2

Page 119

PARTICULARS ON BOMB FUZES

1. AN-MIooA2, AN-MIoIA2, AN-M102A2-These fuzes are all

of the same general design, differing only in the overall length. TheAl modifications of these three fuzes, AN-M100A1, AN-MIO1A1,

and AN-MlO2A1, have a much longer arming air travel (2,000-3,500 ft.) than the A2 modification. The original fuzes, M100, M101,

and M102 (Army fuzes), were not made AN-Standard as they do

not have an interchangeable primer detonator, but have a fixed delay

of 0.1 sec. They also have the same long arming air travel as the Al

modification, and are used only in Army bombs.

2. AN-M103-Identical with the Army M103 fuze except for ashorter arming distance, as shown in the AN-M103 fuze table.

3. AN-M104-A very sensitive arming-pin type fuze into whichis incorporated a time-delay arming detonator safety.

4. AN-MII1OAI-A sensitive nose fuze which functions withinstantaneous action upon impact.

5. MIIO-Arming-vane type for instantaneous action. The Mi10

is similar to the AN-M11OA1, but the latter is of sturdier construc-tion and has a reduced arming air travel.

6. MII2AI, MII3AI, MII4AI-These are all the same exceptfor length, which is greater for larger-sized bombs. Their character-istics are a cocked firing pin, which makes them supersensitive, a veryshort arming distance, and interchangeable delays of 4-5, 8-11 or8-15 sec. Delay allows bombs to be used for "skip" bombing.

7. M115, M116, M117-These fuzes are similar toM113, and M114 except for a longer arming distance.

the M112,

8. AN-M120-Instantaneous nose fuze with a time-delay arming.mechanism. Designed to replace the AN-M104.

9. M123, M124, M125-These are long-delay tail fuzes issued withdelays of 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72, and 144 hr.

10. AN-M126 and M126A1-These fuzes are similar to the M110and AN-MIlOAl respectively but do not contain an integral booster.

11. M132, M133, M134-These are booby trap fuzes similar tothe M123, M124, and M125, except that the delay is for 5 minutesminimum.

12. AN-Mk. 228-Formerly designated Mk. 28 and Mk. 28,Mod. 1. Standard fuze for AP bombs.

Page 120

TABLE 29

IMPACT FUZES

Model AN-MI 00A2 AN-MI 00AI1 AN-MI 01 A2 AN-MIOI Al 1 AN-MI 02A2 AN-MI 02A11 AN-MI 03 AN-Mi 04

Position' Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail Nose Nose-Delay, (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 0 or 0.1 sec. Instant

Arming Air 4453 890, 5555, 1,1151 465' 9407Travel (Ft.) 4854 9754 4806 9556 4885 1)22-.5sc

Weight (Lb.) 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.7 1.15

Detonator M14 M14 M14 M14 M14 M14 Integral (M20) Integral

Standard Fuze AN-M30 (G.P.) AN-M43 (G.P.) AN-M44 (G.P.) All AN-Std. G.P. AN-M40 (Frag.)for Bombs AN-M3OAI (G.P.)' AN-M64 (G.P.) AN-M65 (G.P.) bombs,325-Ib.depth AN-M4OA1 (Frag.)

AN-M57 (G.P.) AN-M64A1 (G.P.) AN-M65A1 (G.P.) bombs, and Frag. M72 (Frog.)AN-M57AI (G.P.) AN-M58 (S.A.P.) AN-M34 (G.P.) bombs, 90-lb. T9, M72A1 (Frag.)AN-M81 (TI 0) (Frag.) AN-M58A1 (S.A.P.) AN-M66 (G.P.) (M82),260-lb.,AN-

AN-M58A2 (S.A.P.) AN-M66A1 (G.P.) M81 (TIO)AN-M59 (S.A.P.)AN-M59A1 (G.P.) (11)

IMPACT FUZES

Model AN-MII1OAI Milo MII2AI MII3AI MII4AI M115 M116 M117

Position Nose Nose Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail Tail

Delay Instant Instant 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5 , 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15 4-5, 8-11 or 8-15sec. sec. sec. sec. sec. sec.

Arming Air 725 2,200 7512 901 807 44512 5558 5657Travel (Ft.) 80's 806 758 48513 4806 4458

1102 6650

Weight (Lb.) 1.02 .62 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.2Detonator M13 M13 MI6AI MI6AI MI6AI MI6AI MI6AI Ml6AI

Standard-Fuze AN-M41 (Frog.) AN-M41 AN-M30 (G.P.) AN-M43 (G.P.) AN-M34 (G.P.) AN-M30 (G.P.) AN-M43 (G.P.) AN-M34 (G.P.)for Bombs AN-M41 Al (Frag.) M47A1 AN -M3OAI (G.P.) AN-M58 (S.A.P.) AN-M44 (G.P.) AN-M3OAI (G.P.) AN-M58 (S.A.P.) AN-M44 (G.P.)

AN-M57 (G.P.) AN-M58A1 (S.A.P.) AN-M59 (S.A.P.) AN-M57 (G.P.) AN-M58A1(S.A.P.) AN-M59 (S.A.P.)AN-M57AI (G.P.) AN-M58A2 (G.P.) AN-M59A1 (S.A.P.) AN-M57AI(G.P.) AN-M58A2 (G.P.) AN-M59A1 (S.A.P.)

AN-M64 (G.P.) AN-M65 (G.P.) AN-M64 (G.P.) AN-M65 (G.P.)AN-M64A1 (G.P.) AN-M65A1 (G.P.) AN-M64A1 (G.P.) AN-M65A1 (G.P.)

AN-M66 (G.P.) AN-M66 (G.P.)AN-M66A1 (G.P.) AN-M66A1 (G.P.)

(Continued)See Page 121 for Footnotes

Page 121

TABLE 29-ContinuedIMPACT FUZES

Model AN-MI 20A1 MI 23 MI 24 MI 25 AN-Mk. 228

Position Nose Tail Tail Tail Tail

Delay Instant 1-144 hr. 1-144 hr. 1-144 hr. 0.08 sec.

39018

Arming Air 1.75-2.05 sec. 38014 46018 560"9 800-11100Travel (Ft.) 41 011 40017 37020

Weight (Lb.) 1.1 2.9 3.1 3.4 10.5

Detonator Integral M 19A1 Ml 9A1 M 19A1 Integral

Standard Fuze AN-M40 (Frog.) AN-M30AI AN-M64A1 AN-M65A1 Mk. IFor Bombs AN-M40A1 (Frog.) AN-M57A1 AN-M58A2 AN-M59AI AN-Mk. I

M72 (Frog.) AN-M66A1 AN-Mk. 33M72A1 (Frog.)

'Partially armed 350 turns.

2AN-MI00A2, AN-MIO1A2, and AN-M102A2 Fuzes use the M14 interchangeable primerdetona-Stor, which is Furnished in four delays: namely, nondelay, 0.01, 0.025, and 0.1 sec.

3For Bombs, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30, AN-M30AI, and Frog., 260-lb., AN-M81 (TIO)4For Bombs, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57A1, AN-M57.5For Bombs, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1.6 For Bombs, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58, AN-M58A1, AN-M58A2.'For Bombs, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1.8For Bombs, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59, AN-M59A1.

9For Bombs, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1, and 4,000-lb., AN-M56, AN-M56A1

"Arming air-travel distance of the AN-MI03 fuze varies with the delay and type oF bomb. See tables30, 31, and 32.

11n an emergency Bombs, 500-lb., 'S.A.P., AN-M58; AN-M58A1, AN-M58A2, and 1,000-lb.,S.A.P., AN-M59, AN-M59A1, can be fitted with this fuze by removing nose plugs and inserting fuze.

"2For Bombs, G.P., 100-lb., AN-M30, AN-M30AI.

'3For Bombs, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57, AN-M57A1.

'4For Bomb, G.P., 100-Ib., AN-M3OA1.

"For Bomb, G.P., 250-lb., AN-M57A1."For Bomb, G.P., 500-lb., AN-M64A1.

17For Bomb, S.A.P., 500-lb., AN-M58A2.

"For Bomb, G.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M65A1.'9For Bomb, G.P., 2,000-lb., AN-M66A1."0For Bomb, S.A.P., 1,000-lb., AN-M59A1.

TABLE 30AN-M 103 FUZE

Arming Air Travel (Ft.)

BOMBS Weight .1-sec.Class Inst. Delay(Lb.) ___ _ _

AN-M30, AN-M30AI 100 765 510

AN-M57, AN-M57A1 250 940 630

AN-M 81 (TI 0) 260 765 -

AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1 500 1,000 670

AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1 1,000 1,030 685

AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1 2,000 1,620 1,080

AN-M56, AN-M56A1 4,000 1,030 685

TABLE 31M103 FUZE


BOMBS Weight . .Class Inst. Delay(Lb.)

AN-M30, AN-M3OAI 100 1,140 570

AN-M57, AN-M57A1 250 1,410 705

AN-M81 (TIO) 260 1,140

AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1 500 1,495 750

AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1 1,000 1,535 770

AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1 2,000 2,420 1,210

AN-M56, AN-M56A1 4,000 1,535 770

'Partially armed 250 turns.

TABLE 32M103 'FUZE


BOMBS Weight 'sec.Class Inst. .ec.(Lb.) Delay

AN-M30, AN-M30A1 100 1,710 1,140

AN-M57, AN-M57AI 250 2,110 1,410

AN-M81 (TiO) 260 1,710 -

AN-M43, AN-M64, AN-M64A1 500 2,240 1,495

AN-M44, AN-M65, AN-M65A1 1,000 2,300 1,535

AN-M34, AN-M66, AN-M66A1 2,000 3,625 2,420

AN-M56, AN-M56A1 4,000 2,300 1,535

Page 122

NOTES

Page 123

NOTESi

Page 124

NOTES

Documents

WWII Terminal Ballisics