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WWI
Chapter 16
WWI colored alliance map
• World map here
4 MAIN Reasons for World War I
• M• A• I• N
ilitarism
lliances
mperialism
ationalism
Long term causes
Alliances
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
Alliances
• Agreements among nations to aid each other if attacked
• Russian agreements to protect smaller Slavic nations
• Emergence of Allies and Central Powers
Militarism
• Military power seen as symbol of national prestige
• Glorification of war by all powers• Arms race among great powers• Influential military leaders• Belief in Social Darwinism
Nationalism
• Aggressive Pride in your Country • French revenge against Germany for taking
Alsace and Lorraine• German pride in military power and
industrial growth• Serbian desire to create a south Slav
state and Pan-Slavism
Imperialism
• British concern over German growth and competition for colonies
• Economic rivalries among Britain, Germany, and France
• British and French desire to contain German claims in Africa
Patriotic photo here
Video Link: Ad Council Freedom
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand visits Sarajevo– – – – – – –
• Britain declares war on Germany
Outbreak of WarThe spark that ignites WWI
Flowchart
8-10 items
Pg 501-502
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand visits Sarajevo• Ferdinand (A-H) assassinated• A-H, with Germany’s help, declares war on Serbia • Serbia seeks help from Russia• Germany declares war on Russia whose ally is France • Germany declares war on France• Germany invades Belgium to attack France, (schlieffen
Plan)• to Protect neutral Belgium, Britain declares war on
Germany
Outbreak of WarThe spark that ignites WWI
Trench Warfare• Main type of fighting in
WWI• Its where soldiers dug deep
ditches to fight in– No man’s Land- Area
between opposing armies’ trenches
Trench Questions
1. Where do the soldiers sleep?
2. Where do they eat?
3. Where do the use the bathroom?
4. What if it rains?
5. What are some of the hazards of trench life?
WWI New Technologies
1. Machine Guns
• Made it easy for a few soldiers to cover a large area– Made the cavalry obsolete
2) Tanks
• Armored vehicles that led troop advances– Slow, undependable, not heavily armed-– Not much of a threat in WWI
3) Poison Gas
• Caused slow painful deaths– First used by Germans who let it blow across
the land, later shot in canisters– Chlorine gas- Green gas that attacked the
respiratory system
–Mustard gas- odorless gas, more deadly, affected the eyes, dried out the lungs, caused blisters (mustard colored)
4) Airplanes
• Flying vehicles used in observation (recon)– Had little effect on the war– Dogfights- one on one airplane fighting
• Red Barron Richtoffen, German flying ace
5) U-Boats
• Underwater boat used to sink ships– Used by Germans– Major impact on the war
• Blockade of Britain• Caused the USA to enter the war
Russian Revolution• Heavy losses before WWI and during WWI
caused discontent among the Russian people– 2 million killed, 4 to 6 million captured or wounded
• Bad leadership on the Battlefield and from czar– Rasputin- influential advisor to the throne that caused
corruption and bad decisions• Lenin- communist leader that sent back to Russia
by the Germans, – led the Russian Revolution– Sets up the soviet Union
• Russia pulls out of war in 1917 – Gives up land to the Germans in Brest Litovst treaty
USA enters WWI
• 1914 USA was neutral country– US had a foreign policy of isolationism (not
being involved in other countries business)
• 1917 the USA enters WWI on the side of the allies– WHY?
Blank 1914 europe map
USA and allies
1. USA could not trade with the Central Powers
2. USA and UK have Common _______1. Language2. Government3. Heritage
3. Unrestricted Submarine warfare(Germans)1. Sinking of the Lusitania- UK passenger ship
w/ Americans on it
USA and allies
4. The Zimmerman Letter
1. From Germany to Mexico asking for an invasion of the USA
1917 USA enters the war on the allied side
5. Wilson claimed that WWI was “The war to end all war”
Ending the War
• Germany able to fully focus on France• France and UK are battling war-weariness
– Ready for an end to fighting• Germany’s last major offensive on France to
knock out the allies before the US could arrive in force– Stalled 50 miles from Paris
• Fresh US soldiers along with the allied forces push the Germans back
• Germans ask for peace before they are fully taken over
Aftermath
Country Dead Wounded Missing Total
Australia 58,150 152,170 - 210,320
Austria-Hungary 922,000 3,600,000 855,283 5,377,283
Belgium 102,000 450,000 - 552,000
Britain 658,700 2,032,150 359,150 3,050,000
Bulgaria 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919
Canada 56,500 149,700 - 206,200
France 1,359,000 4,200,000 361,650 5,920,650
Germany 1,600,000 4,065,000 103,000 5,768,000
Greece 5,000 21,000 1,000 27,000
India 43,200 65,175 5,875 114,250
Italy 689,000 959,100 - 1,424,660
Japan 300 907 3 1,210
Montenegro 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000
New Zealand 16,130 40,750 - 56,880
Portugal 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291
Romania 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706
Russia 1,700,000 5,000,000 - 6,700,000
Serbia 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106
Turkey 250,000 400,000 - 650,000
USA 58,480 189,955 14,290 262,725
Totals 7,996,888 21,755,196 1,979,556 31,508,200
• Armistice Day (an agreement to end fighting)– Nov. 11, 1918
• Wilson’s 14 points to everlasting peace– Peace without a winner– International body of nations (League of Nations)
» USA would not join the League
• Various Treaties were made with individual countries
• Treaty of Versailles (allies and Germany)– War guilt clause-placed all the blame on Germany and
they had to repay France and Britain for war damages
• Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary all lose land