Written and Designed by Astarte · PDF fileANCIENT ROME CD ROM: REVISION SHEETS Written and Designed by Astarte Resources These revision sheets are designed to accompany the CD ROM,

ANCIENT ROME CD ROM: REVISION SHEETSWritten and Designed by Astarte Resources

www.astarte.com.au

These revision sheets are designed to accompany the CD ROM, Ancient Rome.

The aim is to provide focus questions that encourage students to search and comprehend all facets of the CD ROM.

They are designed so that each sheet focuses on one of the 12 major monuments featured in the CD ROM. These are:

The Palatine (the birthplace of Rome)1. The Temple of Capitoline Jupiter (the Capitoline Hill)2. Basilica Aemilia (buildings in the Roman Forum)3. Theatre of Pompey (the Field of Mars)4. The Forum of Augustus (the Imperial Fora)5. The Circus of Caligula (the Vatican)6. Domus Aurea (Emperor Nero and his private residence)7. The Colosseum (Rome’s most enduring monument)8. Domus Flavia (the sumptuous palace of Domitian)9. Hadrian’s Mausoleum (Rome’s finest funerary monument)10. Baths of Caracalla (Rome’s most-luxurious baths)11. Saint Peter’s Basilica (the evolution of Rome’s most important church) 12.

The CD, • Ancient Rome,installssoftwareonyourhard-driveinordertooperate.Thissoftware(AncientRome,iMoveActiveXControlandIndeo)canbeeasilyremovedwhennolongerneededusingthe‘UninstallProgram’featurefoundinthe‘Program’folderinsideyour‘ControlPanel’.TheCDalsochangesyourscreenresolutionautomaticallytoplaycorrectly.Yourdefault•resolutionreturnswhenyouexittheCD.Youcanskiptheintroductorymoviebyhittinganykey.Unfortunately,thecreditsatthe•endcannotbeskipped!ThenavigationwithintheCDisself-explanatory:Themajormonumentsfeaturedscroll•alongatthebottomofthescreen,whileeachmonumenthasthreetabsatthetopgivinga)specificinformationaboutthemonument,b)informationaboutthedistrictofRome

themonumentislocatedin,andc)areconstructionofthemonument.The‘VR’buttontakesyoutoreconstructions.OnceonaVRpage,a‘movieicon’atthe•bottomallowsyoutowalkthrough,orflyoverthemonument,whilea‘time-glassicon’button(notonallpages),allowsyoutoviewthemonumentasitlookstodayandhowitlookedinthepast(usethe‘up’and‘down’keystotransformtheimage).Withbothbuttons,useyourarrowkeystomoveleft/right/forwardandbackwards.Pointandclickwiththemousetomoveupanddown.Ifeithericon(‘movie’or‘time-glass’)hasaspeakerattachedtoit,thereisareadingfrom•anancientsourcetoaccompanythevisuals.Informationpanelsmaybeprintedbyselectingtheprintericononanypage.•

CDROMInstructionsinBrief:

Ancient RomeCDROM:RevisionSheets©AstarteResources(www.astarte.com.au)

The Palatine HutsModels,suchasthisfuneraryurn,givearchaeologistscluesastohowthePalatinehutsoncelooked.

Archaeologicalresearch,asshownontheplanhere,givesanaccurateindicationofhowthehutswereconstructed.

Whataspectsofthehutsarethesamebetweentheurnandthearchaeologicalplan?Whatthingsaredifferent?

Q

Q Underthe‘Reconstruction’tab,usethevirtualreconstructiontoexplainthestepsinwhichthePalatinehutswereconstructed.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Palatine Huts’togiveabriefhistoryofthearchaeologicalexcavationsonthePalatineHillandwhattheyhaveshownusabouttheearlyconstructionsinthisarea.

Q ThePalatineHillisassociatedwiththefoundationmythofRome,particularlythatofRomulusandRemus.WhowereRomulusandRemusandwhyweretheyimportanttolaterRomans?

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Reconstruction’togiveanaccountofhowexcavationsoutsideRome,aswellas‘indirectevidence’,haveenabledarchaeologiststoworkoutwhatthePalatinehutsoncelookedlike.

QUsethemaptodescribewherethePalatineHillislocatedinrelationtotheTiberRiver(notetheislandintheriver’sbend.Thiswasthelocationofoneofthecrossingpoints,orfords,acrosstheTiber).GiventhatthePalatineHillwasa‘hill’,whatadvantagesdidthislocationgivetheearlysettlersofthearea?


Temple of Jupiter Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Capitoline Hill’togiveabriefaccountofwhytheCapitolineHillwassoimportanttotheRomans.

AplanoftheTempleofCapitolineJupiter.

Columnsarecoloured• redEntrancestepsare•colouredblueThethree• cellae(pluralofcella:theinnercultroomsthathousedthecultstatues)arecolouredblackThelocationofthecult•statueofJupiterismarkedwithacross

QUnderthetab‘Temple of Capitoline Jupiter’,runyourmouseoverthedrawingsofthetempleatthebottomofthemap.HowdidtheTempleofJupiterchangefromthe7thcenturyBCtothe1stcenturyAD?Whatthingsremainedthesameandwhatthingschanged(lookattheoveralldesignofthetemple)?GivenRome’shistory,howdoyouaccountforthechangesyouobserve?

Q Underthetab‘Temple of Capitoline Jupiter’,usetheinformationprovided,todescribetheconstructionandappearanceofthetemple.

Q FollowingtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Capitoline Hill’,whatevidenceisthereinthereconstructionofthemassivelevellingoftheCapitolineHillbeforethetemplecouldbebuilt?

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,usetheinformationprovided,andfollowingtheVRbutton,toanswerthefollowingquestion.

Whatwerethestructuresinfrontofthestepsusedfor?•

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,andfollowingtheVRbutton,describethesortsofcoloursanddecorationusedinancienttemples?

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,andfollowingtheVRbutton,describehowitisbelievedthecultstatueofJupiteroncelooked.Whatisthestatueholdinginitslefthand?Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Reconstruction’,todescribewhatmaterialthecultstatuewasmadefrom.

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,andfollowingtheVRbutton,describehowancienttempleswerelit.Whatmaterialdoyouthinkwasburnttomakelight?


Basilica Aemilia Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Roman Forum’andundertheVRbuttontodrawasketchmapofthemainbuildingsnearBasilicaAemilia.

Underthetab‘Basilica Aemilia’,lookattheplanandtheinformationprovided.Inthespacetotheleft,drawasketchofthebasilicaandlabelthemajorfeatures:

ColourtheColumns• redColourtheEntrancesteps•blueColourthe• tabernae,oroffices,blackMarkthelocationswhere•bankingtookplacewithacrossMarkthelocationofthe•naveswithayellowshade

Q Underthetab‘Basilica Aemilia’,usetheinformationprovidedtoanswerthefollowingquestions.

WherewastheBasilicaAemilialocated?Whenandbywhowasitfirst•constructed?WhatwasthefunctionofbuildingssuchastheBasilicaAemilia?

Q Underthetab‘Roman Forum’,usetheinformationprovidedtoanswerthefollowingquestion.

WhatoccupiedtheareaoftheRomanForumpriortotheconstructionofthe•Forumbuildings?WhatroledidtheRomanForumplaythroughoutRomanhistory?

Basilica Aemilia

TheBasilica

Builtby

The C (Senatechambers).

Builtby

TheR

Usedasaspeaker’splatformbythe

T

TheTempleofdeified .

Builtby

onthesitewhere

Q Usethevisualsunderthetab‘Reconstruction’todescribetheinterioroftheBasilicaAemiliawhenitwasinuse.


Theatre of Pompey Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘movieicon’atthebottomofthescreen.DescribewhatremainsoftheTheatreofPompeyinthelandscapeofRometoday?

Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontodisplayareconstructionoftheTheatreofPompey.Inthespacetotheleft,drawasketchofthetheatreandlabelthemajorfeatures:

Shadetheseating•(auditorium)areayellowShadethe• orchestraareablueShadethe• scaenae frons,orstagefacade,greenShadetheentrancearea•purple

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘movieicon’atthebottomofthescreen.WhatdoesthehistorianTacitustellusaboutthereactionofthe“oldermenofhisday”totheTheatreofPompey?

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Theater of Pompey’togiveabriefaccountofwhoPompeywasandwhyhistheatreisimportant(clue:whatwasthetheatrethefirstof,andwhowasmurderedthere)?

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘time-glassicon’atthebottomofthescreen.Usethereconstructiontodescribehowthescaenae frons,orstagefacade,onceappeared.

QUnderthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘time-glassicon’atthebottomofthescreen.Usethe‘up’and‘down’keystotogglebetweenhowthetempleoncelookedandhowthesceneappearstoday.Isthereany‘memory’ofthetheatreinthebuildingsthatoccupythesitetoday?

QUnderthetab‘Campus Martius’(FieldofMars),followtheVRbutton.NamesomeoftheotherbuildingslocatedneartheTheatreofPompey.Howwouldyoudescribetheuseofthisdistrict(i.e.werethesebuildingsusedforstoringarchives,orforpoliticalmeetings,orforentertainment)?

Q Underthetab‘Campus Martius’usetheinformationprovidedtolistthepoliticalreformsofthenext-to-lastkingofRome,ServiusTullius.


Forum of AugustusQ Underthetab‘Imperial Fora’(fora=pluralofForum)followtheVRbuttontoallow

youtosketchhowthevariousForaofCaesar,Augustus,Trajan,Peace(Vespasian)andNervawerelocatedinrelationtoeachother.

Shadetheindividualforathefollowingcolours:

ShadetheForumofCaesar• blueShadetheForumofAugustus• greenShadetheForumofTrajan• yellow

ShadetheForumofPeace(Vespasian)•purpleShadetheForumofNerva• red

Q Underthetab‘Imperial Fora’usethetabs‘Forum of Caesar’,‘Forum of Augustus’etc.todeterminetheorderinwhichtheImperialforawerebuilt.Whichwasthefirst?Whichonecamesecondetc?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

QUnderthetab‘Forum of Augustus’usetheinformationprovidedtoanswerthefollowingquestion.DescribethestatuesAugustusinstalledinhisforum.What‘message’didAugustuswishtosendtotheviewerbychoosingthesesubjectswithwhichtodecoratehisforum?

Q Usetheinformationprovidedunderthetab‘Reconstruction’tooutlinethetwotheoriesforhowtheForumofAugustusonceappeared.

QUnderthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘movieicon’atthebottomofthescreen.NavigatearoundtheForumofAugustususingthearrowkeysandyourmousetomoveupanddown.DescribethefollowingfeaturesoftheForumofAugustus.

ThecolumncapitalsoftheTempleofMarsUltorareinthe................................1.

style(choosefrom:Doric/Ionic/Corinthian)

FacingtheTempleofMarsUltor,ontopofthetransversebasilica,isastatue2.

groupdepicting....................................................................................................

Caryatidsarecolumnsintheshapeofawoman.Whereweretheselocated3.

withintheForumofAugustus?............................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘time-glassicon’atthebottomofthescreen.TherecordinghereisfromAugustus’Res Gestae (MyWorks).

WheredidAugustusgetthemoneytobuildtheForumofAugustus?1.

Howmany2. sestercedidAugustusgiveas‘gifts’tothevarioustemplesinRome? (asesterceisaunitofcurrency:onesestertiuswouldbeworthabout$20today)

Whatimportantobjects,returnedbytheParthians(rulersofpresent-dayIran),3.werestoredintheTempleofMarsUltor?


Circus of CaligulaQ

TheCircusofCaligulawasonthesamelocationasSaintPeter’sBasilicaattheVatican:andthetwomonumentsarelinkedintheirrespectivehistories.Underthetab‘Circus of Caligula’usetheplanthatisprovidedtosketchbelowhowthetwomonuments,theCircusofCaligulaandSaintPeter’sBasilica,arelocatedinrelationtoeachother.

Q Usetheinformationprovidedunderthetab‘Circus of Caligula’tooutlinethelifeoftheEmperorCaligula.Whenwasheborn?Howdidhegethisname?Whendidherule?Howdidhedie?

Q Usetheinformationprovidedunderthetab‘Circus of Caligula’todescribewhattheareaoftheVaticanwaslikeatthetimeofCaligula.

QUnderthetab‘Reconstruction’followtheVRbutton.ThefirstreadingfromPlinyremarksontheobeliskCaligulabroughttoRomefromEgypt.Whywasthiseventremarkable?

DrawingoftheengineeringworksinvolvedwithmovingtheobeliskfromtheCircusofCaligulatoitspresentpositioninthepiazzaofSaintPeter’sBasilica.Thisoperationwascarriedoutin1586usinghempropesandironbars,plus900menand72horses,andtookaboutfivemonthstocomplete.DrawingbyNataleBonifacioforDomenicoFontana’s1590manuscriptDella Trasportatione dell’Obelisco Vaticano.

QUnderthetab‘Reconstruction’followtheVRbutton.ThesecondreadingfromSuetoniusprovidessomeinformationabouttheuseoftheCircusduringthetimeoftheEmperorClaudius(ruledAD41—54).WhatdoesSuetoniustellusoccurredintheCircusofCaligula?

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Vatican’toaccountforwhySaintPeter’sBasilicawasbuiltonthesiteoftheCircusofCaligula.

Q Underthetab‘Vatican’followtheVRbutton.UsethevisualstoexplainwheretheobeliskwaslocatedwithintheCircusofCaligula.


Domus AureaQ Usetheinformationprovidedunderthetab‘Domus Aurea’toanswerthefollowing

questions:

WhowasNero?Whendidheruleandwhatwashisreignlike?1.

WhatistheEnglishtranslationoftheLatin‘DomusAurea’?2.

WhatcataclysmiceventoccurredinRomeinAD64?3.

Whatpreservedthesectionofthepalacethatsurvivestoday?4.

Whatgiganticobjectstoodinthevestibulebetweentheeastandwestwings?5.

QRunyourmouseovertheimageatthebottomofthemap.TheearlierimagesshowalakewhichwouldhavebeenviewedfromtheroomsoftheDomusAurea.ThisviewwaslatertransformedbytheEmperorVespasianbythebuildingoftheColosseum.Thisnewbuildingtookitsnamefromanearbycolossus(alargestatue).Whatwasthisstatueandhowdiditgetthere?

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbutton.Usingthevisuals,answerthefollowingquestions:

Describethestyleofthefrescoesintheroomcontainingafountain(useyou1.mousetomoveupanddown)

Whatdecoratesthefountaininthisroom?2.

Navigatetothesecondroomusingthearrowkeys.Describethestyleoffrescoes3.inthisroom.

Whatshapedceilingdidthisroomhave?4.

Howwasthisroomlit?5.

Whatotherfurniturewasinthisroom?6.

Navigatetotheeatingcouch.Howwasthisroom’sceilingdecorated?7.

Whatdoyouthinkthebasinandtripodtotheleftofthecouchwouldhavebeen8.usedfor?

Whatisonthetableinfrontofthecouch?9.

Overall,howwouldyoudescribetheroomsoftheDomusAureayouhavejust10.viewed?

Q DrawaplanoftheroomsthatcanbeseenbyfollowingtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Reconstruction’.Showwheremajorfeatureswithintheroomsarelocated.


ColosseumQ Usetheinformationprovidedunderthetab‘Colosseum’toanswerthefollowing

questions:

UnderwhichthreeemperorswastheColosseumbuilt?1.

WhatpreviouslyoccupiedthesitewheretheColosseumnowstands?2.

WhydidtheFlavianemperorsbuildtheColosseumatthislocation(i.e.whatwas3.thepropagandavalueforthisnewdynastythatsucceededtheJulio-ClaudiansofwhichtheEmperorNerowaspart)?

Whywerethestructuresbelowarenaleveloriginallyconstructedofwood?4.

WhatgiganticobjectstoodoutsidetheColosseum:thiscolossusgavethe5.Colosseumitsname(clue:seetheimagebeneaththemap)?

Q FollowtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Reconstruction’.Clickthe‘movieicon’onthefarleft.Usethevisualsandinformationprovidedtoanswerthefollowingquestions:

ThereadingfromMartialmakesacoupleofmajorpointsabouttheColosseum.1.Whatarethey?

HowmanytiersofarcheswereontheexterioroftheColosseum?2.

Howmanysectionsofseatingwereontheinterior?3.

QFollowtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Reconstruction’.Clickthe‘time-glassicon’inthecentre.Usethe‘up’and‘down’arrowkeystotogglebetweenwhattheColosseumoncelookedlike,andwhatitlooksliketoday.DescribewhathasbeenlostfromtheexterioroftheColosseumduringtheinterveningcenturies.

QFollowtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Reconstruction’.Clickthe‘time-glassicon’onthefarright.Usethe‘up’and‘down’arrowkeystotogglebetweenviewsoftheColosseumandgoleftandrightwithyour‘left’and‘right’arrowkeys.Usethevisualsandinformationprovidedtoanswerthefollowingquestions:

FromtheinformationfoundintheletterfromSeneca,answerthefollowing1.questions:

WhatdoesSenecatellusoccurredinthearenaoftheColosseum?•

AccordingtoSeneca,whatjustificationdidthecrowduseinordertowatch•suchthings?

FromSeneca’sletter,doyouthinkheenjoyedthespectaclethattookplace•intheColosseum?

WhatsortofroofshadedthespectatorsintheColosseum?2.

Whatdoyouthinkwasthepurposeoftheivoryrollersontopofthefencethat3.surroundedthearena?

Regardingthearenaarea,whatcanbeseentodaythatwouldhavebeenhidden4.whentheColosseumwasinuse?

TheviewofthevisualsisfromtheImperialBox.Pantotheright.Whatverdictis5.theEmperorgivingtotheGladiatorinthearena?Beforeyouanswerthis,readthefollowing!

These men once were horn-blowers and attendants At every municipal arena, known as trumpeters in every village. Now they present their own spectacles, and, to win applause, Kill whomever the mob gives the “thumbs up”.

Juvenal(c.AD55-140),“ThirdSatire”

JuvenalherereferstotheRomancustomofspectators’votingonthefateofwoundedgladiatorswiththeirthumbs.Wherewegive‘thumbsup’asasignofapproval,itmeantdeathtoitsRomanrecipient(notsomuch‘thumbsup’butmoreimitatingaswordthrusttotheheart).Thumbsdown,signified“swordsdown,”whichmeanttheloserwassparedtofightanotherday.


Domus FlaviaQ Underthetab‘Domus Flavia’,lookatthedrawingofthereconstructionoftheDomus

Flavia(photo1).Thisshowsthecentralthrone-roombuilding(Aula Regia).Usingthisreconstructionasaguide,drawinthedetailsofthisbuildingbelow(youcanusethemagnifying-glassicontozoominonthisimagetoseethedetailmoreclearly).

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Domus Flavia’toexplainwhattheDomusFlaviaisandalittleabouttheemperorwhobuiltit.

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Reconstruction’tolistwhatthe16thcentury‘archaeologists’removedfromDomusFlavia.

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Reconstruction’toexplainthedifferenttheoriesastohowtheDomusFlaviawasroofed.

QFollowtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Reconstruction’.Clickthe‘movieicon’onthebottom-left.Useyourmouseandthe‘left’and‘right’arrowkeystonavigatearoundDomitian’sthrone-room.Usethevisualstoanswerthefollowingquestions:

Whatgoldenobjectswereabovetheemperor’sthrone?1.

Whatwasplacedinthemanynichesinthewalls?2.

Howwasthefloorconstructed?3.

Q FollowtheVRbuttonunderthetab‘Reconstruction’.Clickthe‘time-glassicon’onthebottom-right.Useyourmouseandthe‘left’and‘right’arrowkeystonavigatearoundDomitian’sthrone-room.Usethe‘up’and‘down’arrowkeystotogglebetweenwhattheDomusFlavialooksliketoday,andhowitoncelooked.Usethevisualsandthereadingtoanswerthefollowingquestions:

Martial’sreadingfrom1. Epigrams isapanegyrictoDomitian.WhatdoyouthinkMartialhopedtoachievebywritingsuchmaterial?

Toggletohowthesiteappearstoday.Allthefacingmarblehasbeenremovedin2.thepastleavingustodaywiththeinternalconstructionofthewalls.Withwhatmaterialweretheinnerwallsconstructed?

Togglingbetweenthetwoviews,howaccuratedoyouthinkthereconstruction3.maybe?


Hadrian’s MausoleumQ Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Hadrian’s Mausoleum’,toanswerthefollowing

questions.

Whatisa‘mausoleum’andwheredoesthewordderivefrom?1.

WhowastheEmperorHadrian?Wherewasheborn?Whendidherule?What2.aresomeofthepositivesofhisreign?

WhathappenedtothemausoleumafterHadrian’sdeath?3.

Q Underthetab‘Hadrian’s Mausoleum’passyourmouseovertheimageatthebottomofthemap.ThistogglestheimagebetweenHadrian’smausoleumandthelaterCastelSant’Angelo.Howarethetwostructuressimilar,andhowaretheydifferent?

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontotheleft-hand‘movie-icon’.Rotatetheviewuntilyouhaveaviewofthefrontofthemausoleumatthelowestperspectivepossible.Drawthemausoleumasitonceappearedbelow.

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’followtheVRbuttontotheleft-hand‘movieicon’.UsethereadingfromProcopiusofCaesarea’sGothic Wartoanswerthefollowingquestions.

DidProcopiusfeelthemonumentwasworthvisiting?1.

Whatsortofmarblewasusedinthemausoleum’sconstruction?Whatwas2.unusualabouthowthemarblewasused?

WhatsortofstatuesdidProcopiussayadornedthemausoleum?3.

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’followtheVRbuttontotheright-hand‘time-glassicon’.

UsethereadingfromHistoria Augusta Hadrianustoanswerthefollowingquestion.

WhatdoesHadrian’spoemconcerninghissoultellusabouttheRomanviewof•theafterlife?

UsethereadingfromHistoria Augusta Antoninus Piustoanswerthefollowingquestion.

WhatdidAntoniusPiusdeclarethat“allopposed”?Whydoyouthinktherewas•oppositiontosuchadeclaration?WhywouldithavebeeninAntiniousPius’sintereststohavethedeclarationmade?


Baths of CaracallaQ Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Baths of Caracalla’,toanswerthefollowing

questions.

BywhatothernamearetheBathsofCaracallaknown?1.

WhowastheEmperorCaracalla?Wherewasheborn?Whendidherule?What2.effectdidraisingsoldiers’salarieshaveontheempire?

WhichemperorscompletedtheBathsofCaracalla?3.

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Via Appia’,toanswerthefollowingquestions.

WhatwastheViaAppia?1.

WhywastheViaAppiacalledtheQueenofStreets(2. regina viarum)?

QUnderthetab‘Via Appia’,followtheVRbutton.ExaminethereconstructionoftheBathsofCaracalla.Hot-spotsonthereconstructiongivelabelstothevariouspartsofthebaths.Usethesetodrawasketchplanofthebathsbelow.NotetheLibrary buildings,theGymnasiumbuildings,the Calidarium(hotroom),theFrigidarium(coldroom)andtheNatatio(openpool).

QUnderthetab‘Via Appia’,followtheVRbutton.ThereconstructionoftheBathsofCaracallashowsthatthecomplexcontainedlibrariesandgymnasia,aswellasbathingfacilities.WhatdoesthistellusaboutthesocialfunctionofbathsintheRomanworld?

Q Underthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘movieicon’ontheleft.Usethevisualstoanswerthefollowingquestions.

Thisreconstructionshowsthe1. natatio(openpool).Aremenorwomenusingthebath?Whattimeofdayisthisreconstructionshowing?(clue:MixedbathingintheRomanworldwasfrownedupon,althoughitdidhappen[noteMartial’sreadingunderthe‘time-glassicon’whereheclearlyadvocatedmixedbathing].Normallywomenusedthebathsinthemorning,whilemenusedthemintheafternoon.Night-timebathingwasrare.)

Whattypeofstatuesadornedthe2. natatio(i.e.arethesestatuesofpoliticians,athletesorgods)?

Twoclothedwomenhelpabatherinthisscene.Whowouldtheclothedwomen3.be?

Thereconstructionshowssomewomenwearingabikini-4.likeoutfit.Doyouthinkthisisaccurate?Clue:Seethismosaic(early4thcentury)fromPiazzaArmerinainSicily!

QUnderthetab‘Reconstruction’,followtheVRbuttontothe‘time-glassicon’ontheright.Usethe(third)readingfromSenecatoanswerthefollowingquestion.

Senecainhislettertoldhisfriendthathelivedabovea•publicbathhouse.WhataresomeoftheactivitiesthatwentonthatSenecacomplainedabout?


Saint Peter’s BasilicaQ Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Saint Peter’s Basilica’,toanswerthefollowing

questions.

WhichapostlewasexecutedandburiedontheVaticanHill?1.

Whichemperorfirstconstructedabasilicaonthesiteofthismartyredapostle?2.Whenwasthisbasilicabuilt?

Whatengineeringdifficultieswereovercomeinthebuildingoftheearlier3.basilica?

Q Underthetab‘Vatican’,followtheVRbuttontoanswerthefollowingquestions.

WhatstructurefirstoccupiedthesiteofSaintPeter’sBasilica?Whenwasitbuilt?1.

WhyandwhenwastheApostlePeterexecutedinthisstructure?2.

WhatspotdidtheRotundaofSaintAndrewmarkinthe33. rdcenturyAD?

WhathappenedinAD335onthesite?4.

Whichfamousartist/architectdesignedthebasilicathatoccupiesthesitetoday?5.

Q Underthetab‘Vatican’,followtheVRbuttontoanswerthefollowingquestions.Usethe‘left’and‘right’arrowstoseethesiteatvariousstagesofitshistory.

WherewastheEgyptianobeliskfromthe1. spina(centralwallaroundwhichchariotsturned)oftheCircusofCaligulafinallymovedto?

TherotundaofSaintAndrew(32. rdcenturyAD:timeofEmperorCaracalla)waslocatedwithintheconfinesoftheCircusofCaligulawhiletheConstantinebasilicawascentredonthenecropolisadjacenttothecircus.AstherotundawasseenbymanytobethesiteofApostlePeter’smartyrdomwhilethebasilicamarkedthesiteofhistomb,howwerethetwoareasarchitecturally‘joined’inboththeConstantinebasilica,aswellastheRenaissancebasilica?

Q Usetheinformationunderthetab‘Reconstruction’,toanswerthefollowingquestion.

Listinchronologicalorderthemajorstagesinthehistoryofthesitenow•occupiedbySaintPeter’sBasilica.

Circusof...........................................constructedinthe1. Ager Vaticanus

Saint......................martyredinthecircusandburiedinthenearby2.

.................................(cemetery)

Trophyof...............................constructedin..........................centuryAD3.

Acircularmausoleum,theRotundaofSaint.............................isbuiltat4.

thetimeoftheEmperor..........................................(early3rdcenturyAD)

InAD335thefirstbasilicawasbuiltonthesitebytheEmperor5.

......................................................

Attheendofthe.............................century,theRotundaofSaint6.

AndrewwasjoinedbyasecondrotundaknownastheRotunda

of................................................................

Betweenthe47. thand16thcenturiesthefirstbasilicaofSaintPeter

underwentnumerous...............................................................................

Thefirstbasilicawascompletely..................................................to8.

makewayforthepresentbasilicadesignedby..........................................

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Written and Designed by Astarte · PDF fileANCIENT ROME CD ROM: REVISION SHEETS Written and Designed by Astarte Resources These revision sheets are designed to accompany the CD ROM,