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The I-Journey:. Writing with External Text Frames. Text Frames are…. …the frame (or skeleton, or structure…) around which the information is written. INTERNAL text frames are ways of organizing information within the paragraphs themselves. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WRITING WITH EXTERNAL TEXT FRAMES
The I-Journey:
Text Frames are…
…the frame (or skeleton, or structure…) around which the information is written.
INTERNAL text frames are ways of organizing information within the paragraphs themselves.
EXTERNAL text frames are ways of organizing information that are not part of the paragraphs themselves.
INTERNAL TEXT FRAMES
How is the information organized throughout the writing?
Examples you will recognize: Cause-effect Chronological order Spatial order Question-answer Problem-solution Order of importance Concept-examples
EXTERNAL TEXT FRAMESYou’ve probably seen these in some fiction narratives:
Some less common ones:
Illustrations Captions (for
illustrations) Chapter titles or
headings Different fonts Bold, italics, all-caps Changing
narrators/points of view
Maps Footnotes Endnotes Free verse/poetry Memos Letters Script-style dialogue
Why use external text frames? Reader interest Breaks up the reading Just to be different Best way to present the information
(many external text frames are there to make something clear that was unclear before.)
For each of the following examples, ask yourself:
Why did the author decide to use this external text frame instead of some other one (or none at all)?
How might it make the story better?
ILLUSTRATIONS:
The Phantom
Tollbooth
ILLUSTRATIONS &
CAPTIONS:
The Tale of Despereaux
Illustrations can sometimes clarify a description.
Text and picture from From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
PARTS/SECTIONS:
The Tale of
Despereaux
CHAPTER TITLES:
The Phantom
Tollbooth
POINT OF VIEW:
Many books are told by several different narrators. This makes the story more interesting because you get to see different sides of the story.
No More Dead Dogs by Gordon Korman
The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara Pendragon series by D. J. MacHale Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer
POINT OF VIEW:
No More Dead Dogs
Use of Poetry (usually free verse): Free Verse is poetry that doesn’t have to
fit to a certain meter or rhyme scheme.
Some novels are written in free verse instead of prose. (Prose is language that’s not poetry.)
Examples: Make Lemonade by Virginia Euwer Wolff Crank (or anything else) by Ellen Hopkins
FREE VERSE:
Make Lemonade
Footnotes & Endnotes Give additional information1 without
cluttering up the text Footnotes and endnotes both use a
number in superscript, next to the sentence they refer to2.
Footnotes come at the bottom of the page; endnotes come at the end of the whole book3.1 (such as an aside)2 you could also use an asterisk or other symbol, if you want3 or paper, or whatever
FOOTNOTES:
Bartimaeus
trilogy
MAPS:
The Phantom
Tollbooth
MAPS:
From the Mixed-Up Files of
Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
MEMOS, LETTERS, AND
DOCUMENTS:
Nothing But the
Truth
LETTERS AND
DOCUMENTS:
No More Dead Dogs
DIALOGUE AS A
SCRIPT: Nothing But
the Truth
FONTS:
The Phantom
Tollbooth
NOW WHAT?
What external text frames could you use to make your I-Journey more interesting? Diary entries? Journal entries? “Newspaper clippings”? Letters? Dialogue as script? Maps? Fonts? Sections?