Upload
eunice-french
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Writing into the Day
Guernica•What is the mood of the painting?•What symbols can you make out in the painting?•What do these symbols mean?•What is the Purpose of this painting?•What is the value of this painting as a historical primary source?•What are the limitations of a painting in terms of its value as a historical primary source?
Starnes 29 Quiz1. This was an artistic movement of the 1920s, most notably
characterized by the work of Pablo Picaso.2. This intergovernmental organization is made up of Canada, South
Africa, Australia, and other former members of the British Empire (Mozambique and Rwanda excepted).
3. This was an ultra nationalist right wing movement developed under Mussolini.
4. He was a Mexican Revolutionary and President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913.
5. This group led the October Revolution(Which happened in November on western Calendars) in Russia, establishing communist rule.
6. He was a survivor of the Long March who founded a new type of communism in China.
7. He was the Nationalist opponent of communism in China, we was ultimately defeated and retreated to Taiwan
8. What was the significance of the Sudetan Land and the Rhineland?9. This populist nationalist leader came to power in Argentina in 194610. He was the nationalistic Prime Minister of Japan during WWII
Socialism,Communism,
Fascism
Let’s Review…
• Liberalism was a reaction to feudal society, involving:focus on the individual, idea of responsible
gov’t, support for Laissez-Faire capitalism, belief in individual rights and freedoms
• Conservatism was a reaction to Liberalism, involving:desire to preserve tradition, support for
common values, belief in strong gov’t control, idea that hierarchy and inequality were natural, support for aristocracies, suspicion of Laissez-Faire capitalism
Comparing the two…
LIBERALISM• man is naturally good• gov’t should interfere
as little as possible in economic and social lives
• individual rights are most important
• people give gov’t the authority to rule, and can take it away if they are unhappy
CONSERVATISM• man can be evil• gov’t should control
economic and social/moral lives
• stability and order of society most important
• class hierarchy is natural, and so right to rule is hereditary
Socialism
• a reaction to the IndustrialRevolution, characterized by:
– rejection of the idea that the wealthy “deserve their wealth” because they created it - but instead an argument that wealthy exploit working classes
– vision of society based on economic equality
– belief in cooperation, production for benefit of all
– idea of public ownership of means of production
Socialism vs. Liberalism
AGREE that…• all people deserve equal treatment
DISAGREE about…• unlike Liberalism, Socialism did not
believe people could develop individually
• Socialism is not suspicious of the state – in fact, Socialists rely on gov’t to regulate services and to provide for common good
Marx and Socialism
• German Socialist writer (1818 – 1883)• believed society wasn’t made up of individuals,
but of CLASSES (based on economics)• argued some classes were oppressed by
others• during his lifetime, he looked at the working
classes and argued they were oppressed by the capitalist classes – and that this was wrong
• Marx envisioned the working class taking over the gov’t (through revolution) and then the gov’t taking over all industry
Marxism to Communism
Many Socialists disagreed with Marx’s ideas on:
• need for revolution• complete abolition of all private
ownership
1848: Marx and Engels publish the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
Communism
Communism is characterized by:
• idea that history is guided by class struggle
• desire to establish a classless, stateless society
• belief in the abolition of all private ownership,
• belief that this will come about through revolution
The immediate aim of the Communists is the… formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy,
conquest of political power by the proletariat." - Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848
Communism vs. Socialism
• Communism emerged out of Socialism – and early communists considered themselves socialist
• For modern communists: Communism is an advanced stage of Socialism Socialism is the stage between Capitalism (which is bad) and Communism (which is perfect)
• Communism in practice has moved significantly away from the theory – disconnecting it from Socialism
Fascism
• a reaction to the rise of Liberalism,Socialism and Communism
• developed in Italy under Mussolini• flourished in economically unstable
countries prior to WWII
Fascism vs. Communism
Both were dictatorial in nature and both deprived individuals of their rights within
society… BUT
Communism• proposed revolution
to overthrow capitalism and ban private ownership
• called for a ‘withering away of the state’ with eventual cooperative public control
Fascism• gov’t works within
capitalism – works with people who control production to improve state economy
• exalted the state above all, and used police and military to control people
Why did Fascism object to Liberalism, Conservatism,
Socialism and Communism?
• Fascists saw these other ideologies as having failed because they couldn’t bring stability
• Fascism is based on idea of absolute state• In a fascist state, citizens are obliged “to
believe, to obey, to combat” for the good of the state – this is the direct opposite of the 19th century ideals of individual liberty and freedom
Let’s Summarize…SOCIALISM• man is naturally good
– a bad environment makes people bad
• gov’t should regulate economy – public ownership
• equality is important, but the common good is the ultimate goal
• people give gov’t authority, and can take it away change happens through REFORM
COMMUNISM• man is perfectible• eventually, the state
will wither away and people will not need gov’t
• all goods will be held in common
• equality is important, but the common good is the ultimate goal
• people consent to be governed until the state withers away – starts with REVOLUTION
To continue…
FASCISM• man needs to be controlled• the state is all important – the individual is
only important insofar as how he contributes to the state
• the gov’t controls all aspects of life – this brings stability and order
• the people have no control over gov’t, and no right to rebel against gov’t
• enemies of the state will be dealt with harshly
A short list of Communist and fascist leaders of this period:
• Benito Mussolini• Francisco Franco• Chiang Kai-shek• Vladimir Lenin• Mao Zedong• Joseph Stalin• Juan Peron• Hideki Tōjō • Josip Broz Tito