1

©2019 ZOLL Medical Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZOLL Medical Corporation Writing Guidelines March 2020

2

Introduction

This style sheet is intended to help us achieve consistency. It covers our style as it relates primarily to capitalization, hyphenation, etc. For information concerning ZOLL corporate and product logos, please refer to the Style & Trademarks Guidelines document that is updated regularly by Joyce Chutchian.

A few general points:

• Use just one space after a period or a colon.

• Use the serial comma with “and.” apples, oranges, and bananas

• We use these reference guides in the following order:

1. ZOLL Writing Guidelines (this guide) – Grammar, particular terms. 2. AP Stylebook – General grammar, if not in the ZOLL writing guidelines. A copy can be found at Joyce Chutchian’s desk or www.apstylebook.com. 3. Words into Type, by Marjorie Skillin – This is a good general reference book. A copy can be found at Joyce Chutchian’s desk. 4. Mayo Clinic website – Use this site if you need a general explanation of a medical term: www.mayoclinic.com.

3

A

a, an Use the article a before consonant sounds: a historic event, a one-year term (sounds as if it begins with a w), a united stand (sounds like you).

Use the article an before vowel sounds: an energy crisis, an honorable man (the h is silent), an homage (the h is silent), an NBA record (sounds like it begins with the letter e), an 1890s celebration.

abbreviations In general, spell out the term and follow it with the abbreviation in parentheses. American Heart Association (AHA).

On second reference, just use AHA. However, you may want to use the full name again if the document is long, and it is possible that the reader has forgotten what the abbreviation stands for. (Note that there is no need to introduce the abbreviation if it is not used again in the document.)

Introducing an abbreviation It isn’t always necessary to use parentheses as long as the sense is clear. One easy way to do this is to make the definition part of the flow of the narrative: Coronary artery bypass graft—known as CABG—is a common procedure.

Plurals of abbreviations Do not use an apostrophe. AEDs, ECGs, EMTs, MRIs,

Abbreviating units When abbreviating feet, centimeters, meters, or millimeters, use lowercase letters without periods: ft, cm, m, mm, in, kg. Do not use lbs. Space between the numeral and the unit of measure: The 5 kg device is not heavy. Use numerals with units of measure and time.

The device weighs 5 pounds. The 5-pound device…

academic degrees (Also see degree entry) Don’t use periods when listing degrees after names. Richard A. Packer, MBA Nina Chung, MD

acronyms Although the term is often used rather loosely, a true acronym is an abbreviation pronounced as a word.

AIDS, SARS, NATO.

Initialism Pronounced letter by letter. NIH, HIV, FDA, AHA

With true acronyms, don’t use the.

4

OSHA, not the OSHA

Whether you use the with an initialism is a function of whether you’d use it with the spelled-out name. the EPA, the NIH, but HIV, IBM

adjectives A compound adjective made up of an adjective and a noun in combination should usually be hyphenated. short-term solution; present-day problem

adult mode lowercase a, lowercase m advanced life support (ALS) This term should not be capped.

adverbs ly adverbs modifying a noun do not hyphenate poorly equipped factory; equally effective method

Preceding a compound adjective requires two hyphens a long-sought-for solution

African American No hyphen as either a noun or an adjective. The same goes for Asian American, Mexican American, Italian American, etc. Black is an acceptable alternative. Do not capitalize black.

after (-) Compounds are usually closed. aftermath, aftertaste, afterthought

ages Ages of people and animals should be given in figures, even if they are less than ten. A total of nine children, ages 6 to 9, took part in the study. Fido was 7 in dog years. 7-year-old boy (hyphenate) The boy was 7 years old. (Do not hyphenate)

Decades When referring to age by decades, use numerals and no apostrophe. Men in their 30s and 40s.

Year-old constructions When giving an age such as the 32-year-old student, hyphenate. However, if you are just saying: He was 32 years old, there are no hyphens.

(compound)

5

Plural entity When giving an age range for a plural entity, use ages, not age or aged. Women ages 55 to 60, not women age 55 to 60, and not women aged 55 to 60.

Also use ages with over and under age ranges. Patients ages 65 and over, children ages 12 and under.

When giving a single age for a plural entity, use age. Women age 60, women over age 60.

If giving the age range for a single person, also use age. She was a young woman, age 20 to 25.

Don’t use age or ages with years. To write men over the age of 65 years is redundant.

Don’t combine from with an en dash in a range. Correct: Women from ages 35 to 45. Incorrect: Women from ages 35–45.

Don’t use age or ages in headlines. Incorrect: Living to age 100. Correct: Living to 100.

a.m., p.m. Lowercase and periods.

American Heart Association Spell out on first reference, and abbreviate as AHA on second reference. The website is www.heart.org.

anti (-) Compounds are usually closed. antiseizure, anticoagulant

Exceptions: when the root word begins with a vowel anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory,

and when the root is capitalized, anti-Semitic, anti-HRT

(Note exception: antioxidant never hyphenated.)

Asian American No hyphen as either a noun or an adjective.

asterisk If you need to use more than one indicator for footnotes on the same page, this is the hierarchy:

* use the asterisk first † use the single dagger next ‡ use the double dagger third

automated external defibrillator Spell out on first usage, lowercase; abbreviate as AED on second reference.

6

awhile, a while After a preposition, it’s two words, but otherwise, it’s one,

Please stay for a while, but Please stay awhile.

(Note how eliminating the preposition improves the sentence.)

B

backup (n.), back up (v.) Backup is the noun, back up (with a space) the verb.

bad vs. badly Bad applies to how one feels. Badly applies to performance.

Correct: She performed badly on the test. Incorrect: I feel badly that you won’t be able to go to the beach. Correct: I feel bad that you won’t be able to go to the beach.

(This is an exception to adding “ly” to form adverbs.)

basic life support (BLS) This term should not be capped. Do not spell out after ZOLL AED 3 BLS, as it is part of the name.

because, comma with. The current trend is to use a comma with because (and since). However, often times, a comma is not needed.

If the verb is negative, it may be necessary to use a comma with “because.” The following sentence illustrates this point: He didn’t leave because he was afraid.

The meaning of this sentence is ambiguous. 1. He left, but not because he was afraid. 2. He didn’t leave, and the reason he didn’t was that he was afraid.

If #2 is the correct meaning, adding a comma before “because” makes it clear. He didn’t leave, because he was afraid.

billion Spell out numbers nine and below with billion: two billion people, but 12 billion.

bloodstream One word.

booklet titles The titles of booklets should be italicized: The Art of Resuscitation

booth Cap only when followed by the booth number: See you at Booth #123, but See you at the ZOLL booth. (Also see stand entry.)

brain wave (n.), brain-wave (adj.) Leave open as a noun, but hyphenate as an adjective. brain-wave responses, but responses in brain waves.

7

brainstem One word, no space.

brand names There is no need for ZOLL to use trademarks on non-ZOLL products, such as iPhone®. In a few cases, we have an agreement with a company that we buy products from. An example is Microstream® capnography technology. It is not necessary to use the trademark every time the name is used, just the first time.

Exception: Masimo® products and Welch Allyn®

buildup (n.), build up (v.) Buildup is the noun, build up the verb.

C

Capitalization of headlines See headlines and subheads entry.and subheads.

cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac arrest are both correct and can be used interchangeably. Although it is occasionally referred to as “a” sudden cardiac arrest in medical literature, this is not the norm. By convention, in literature and elsewhere, sudden cardiac arrest is typically treated as a singular entity without the article “a” before it.

If someone at the airport suffers sudden cardiac arrest, the victim’s location is relayed to the four EMS rescue stations at Logan. SCA – spell out sudden cardiac arrest on first reference. SCA is OK on second reference or in headlines. Do not abbreviate cardiac arrest as CA. cardiovascular disease This is a sweeping term that covers any problem with the heart or blood vessels. If the audience is clinicians, and the term is used frequently, introduce the abbreviation CVD and use that on subsequent references. catheters Triple-lumen catheter should be hyphenated. Chain of Survival/Chain of survival The American Heart Association capitalizes all three words in this title, but the European Resuscitation Council only capitalizes the first word, Chain. child button Lowercase c, lowercase b. child mode Lowercase c, lowercase m. CIRC trial (Circulation Improving Resuscitation Care) trial. Lowercase the “t” in trial.

8

citations For brochures and less technical documents, use an abbreviated style (see number one below). For technical publications, use more complete citations (see number two below, which lists the first three authors and name of article).

1. Abbreviated citation of a journal article. List the first author’s name followed by et al. if there are additional authors.

Chung MK, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jul 13;56:194–203. Ong MEH, et al. JAMA. 2006;295:22:2629–37. Breakdown: Chung MK, et al. – this is the author and additional authors, followed by a period.

J Am Coll Cardiol (Journal of the American College of Cardiology) – publication in italics followed by a period.

2010 Jul 13 year and month/day it was published followed by a semicolon. Sometimes it’s just the year and month.

56: (volume) 194−203 (pages)

2. Complete citation of a journal article. List the first three author names followed by et al. if there are additional authors as well as the title of the article.

Chung MK, Szymkiewicz SJ, Shao M, et al. Aggregate national experience with the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: Event rates, compliance, and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jul 13;56:194–203.

Ong MEH, Ornato JP, Edwards DP, et al. Use of an automated load-distributing band chest compression device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2006;295:22:2629–37.

(Note) • There are no spaces after the punctuation that separates the volume number and page numbers. • Use an en dash, not a hyphen, between the page numbers. • Don’t use commas in the page numbers to denote the thousands place. • You don’t need to list the complete ending page number if the first two numbers are the same, as in 2629–37.

9

3. Website Citations.

Author’s name (if available and last name, first name). “Title of article.” Name of website in italics, date published (if available), www.URLhere. Accessed Day (numeral) Month Year.

With author: Simpson, John. “Language Rules for the Digital Age.” The New York Times website, Dec. 7, 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/12/07/books/review/world-with out-whom-emmy-favilla.html. Accessed 2 Jan. 2019.

Without author: “CPR Facts and Stats.” American Heart Association website, https://bit.ly/2zXWXDR. Accessed 28 June 2018.

(Note) • Make sure a webpage is still live before you cite it. (Sight the site before you cite!) • Do not include “https://” at the beginning of the URL unless it’s a bitly. • Create a bit.ly URL for longer URLs only. • Spell out months that are five letters or fewer.

co(-) Compounds are often hyphenated because otherwise they could be misread, if only for a moment. So write co-author, co-founder.

No hyphen exception: coexist, cooperative, or coordinate.

colon Capitalize first word after colon only if a full sentence follows. If the words following the sentence are a fragment, do not capitalize the first word following the colon. In headlines, always capitalize the first word after a colon. commas Use the serial comma. The X Series® Monitor/Defibrillator is designed to work in the pouring rain, searing heat, and freezing cold.

coronary artery disease This is preferred to coronary heart disease, although these terms mean the same thing.

coronary heart disease See coronary artery disease entry.

CPR Use your judgment as to whether this term needs to be spelled out: cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

10

CPR-D-padz® Treat this as plural. It has two electrodes. Example: Our unique one-piece CPR-D-padz® electrodes are easy to apply.

Do not say electrode pads. Say either electrodes or pads, but not both. (Electrodes are a noun, not an adjective)

CT scan Do not use CAT scan. In general, do not spell out computed tomography on first reference; use CT instead. Scan, image, or a similar word should follow CT so it is clear to readers that an image has been created.

D

dashes There are two types: en and em. The en dash is shorter than the em dash. en: – em: —

Use an en dash, not a hyphen, when giving a range of pages, percentages, years, etc. Do not include spaces around en dashes. Correct: 1995–2005 Incorrect: 1995-2005

Use an em dash in running text when there is a break in thought, or for emphasis: Staying ahead of trends in resuscitation and patient care, exercising patience and persistence — and listening to our customers — have enabled ZOLL to succeed.

Include spaces around em dashes.

data This is the plural form, so use a plural verb, unless you are referring to individual items. New data show [not shows] that MRIs may help prevent breast cancer. (data is a unit here)

decades No apostrophe before the s, In the 1960s, the 1970s.

However, if you use the two-digit form, precede it with a backward apostrophe, the ’60s, the ’80s

It is okay to use either the four- or two-digit form: 1960s or ‘60s

decimals vs. fractions In text, decimals are often more easily understood. According to a recent study, men whose fathers experienced substantial hair loss are 3.8 times more likely to have hair loss than men whose fathers kept their hair.

11

degrees, academic Degrees need to be set off with commas: Lars Wik, MD, PhD, is the principal investigator.

Do not use periods: MD, not M.D.

Do not use Dr. before the name and the MD degree after the name. It is redundant.

Incorrect: Dr. Mina Chung, MD, reported on 3,500 patients. Correct: Mina Chung, MD, reported on 3,500 patients.

bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctorate: (all are lowercase when spelled out)

degree symbol, temperature When referring to temperature in running text, tables, and captions, use the degree symbol and no space before the F or the C: 45°F. diseases named after people Also known as eponymous diseases or simply eponyms, cap only the eponym, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Crohn’s disease, Down syndrome.

doctor, as a title If you identify someone as Dr., do not use the initials MD after the name because it is redundant. (Also see Dr. Zoll below.) Mina Chung, MD OR Dr. Mina Chung

doctor, physician Either term is acceptable. Doctor is a more general term than physician and includes dentists and veterinarians.

dose, dosage A dose is the immediate amount of a medication, or total quantity over a specific period, while a dosage is the amount plus the frequency at which a drug should be taken. Dosage for this drug must be carefully adjusted for age and weight.

double(-) Most but not all compounds are hyphenated. Double-blind, double-crossed, double-edged sword, but doubleheader, doublespeak.

As a verb, double-check is hyphenated. Example: He double-checked that fact. As a noun, it is two words. Example: The double check of the article is done. downside One word. Dr. Zoll On first reference: Paul Zoll, MD, was a pioneer in cardiac pacing.

Use Dr. Zoll on subsequent references. Do not capitalize Zoll when talking about Dr. Zoll.

12

E

e-book Hyphenate e-book.

ECG Always use ECG, not the older term EKG

e.g. (vs. i.e.) This formal abbreviation of for example (the Latin is exempli gratia) should be used sparingly. Do not italicize. If you do use it, it should be set off with a comma and placed in parentheses: (e.g., Push harder) EKG See ECG entry.

electrodes Please see the Style & Trademarks Guidelines document for the correct treatment of specific names. Do not say electrode pads.

ellipsis Leave a space or half space after the end of the text and the first period. Use spaces or half spaces between the periods.

email Do not hyphenate.

e-learning Hyphenate.

ensure Use ensure, not insure, unless you are talking about insurance.

ERC Spell out European Resuscitation Council on first reference, with ERC in parentheses after it. European Resuscitation Council (ERC)

EtCO2 Lowercase the t and subscript the 2.

F

farther vs. further Use “farther” for physical distance and “further” for metaphorical, or figurative, distance. Tip: “Farther” has the word “far” in it. Chelmsford is farther from Boston than I thought. Upon further reflection, I have decided not to run for public office.

FDA FDA is well known, so in general we don’t need to use the full name within the U.S. However, for documents with a largely international audience, it may be helpful to spell out on first reference: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

13

fewer vs. less. The basic rule is that you use less with mass nouns (things you can’t count) and fewer with count nouns (things you can count). Mass noun: If I had less clutter, my desk would be cleaner. Count noun: That line is for customers with 12 items or fewer.

fold(-) No hyphen with spelled-out numbers. twofold, threefold, ninefold. With numbers 10 and larger, use the figure and hyphenate 21-fold, 48-fold.

Note that there is some confusion about what -fold words mean. If there is a twofold increase, does twofold describe the increase and so a tripling of the original amount, or does it mean twice the original amount? The latter is the commonly understood meaning.

The placebo group had 59 heart attacks the first year and 236 the next, a fourfold increase [59 x 4 = 236].

In general, -fold is fine and sometimes elegant, but expressing multiples in other ways may be clearer.

His blood levels increased threefold is needlessly roundabout. His blood levels tripled is better.

follow-up (n., adj.), follow up (v.) Hyphenated as a noun or adjective, open as a verb.

Food and Drug Administration See FDA.

Footnotes Place numerical and symbol (*) footnote references outside punctuation, but inside the closing parenthesis when referring tov matter within parentheses.

fractions The rules for using fractions are as follows: Fractions by themselves are usually spelled out in text, and a hyphen connects the numerator and the denominator. one-half, one-fifth, two-thirds, three-fourths

Fractions are also hyphenated as adjectives two-thirds majority, three-fourths full

For one-half, just half is preferred half the patients got better

For other fractions with a numerator of one, use an article. A third of the patients got worse, a fourth [better yet, a quarter] of them went home.

Compound fractions (a whole number with a fraction) should be written out when the number is easily read. one-and-a-half times the risk

14

But particularly as modifiers, the spelled-out versions may become unwieldy, so use the numeral: Preferred: 1¼, 2¾ (If you use a figure, don’t leave a space between the whole number and the fraction.)

Don’t use: two-and-five-eighths of the time

further vs. farther See “farther” above.

G

Greek letters Always spell them out. Beta carotene and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor.

Guidelines When referring to the AHA Guidelines, capitalize Guidelines, even when used alone without AHA.

H

half(-) Most adjectival compounds are hyphenated before a noun. half-afraid man, half-baked idea, half-finished project, half-full glass.

But halfhearted, halfway. Spelling for nouns varies and is sometimes open, hyphenated, or closed: Consult Webster’s dictionary. a half-hour, half-cup, half note

headlines and subheads Headlines — all uppercase or initial cap

Subheads There are two primary types of headline style: “up” and “down.” In both styles, the first word is always capitalized. In up-style, all primary words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) are capitalized. In down-style, only the first word and any proper nouns are capitalized. Example: Pediatric resuscitation in a new light

A few specific points about capitalization: In a headline that uses up-style, we typically capitalize only the first word of a hyphenated compound: One-fifth However, sometimes we cap both words because it looks better: One-Fifth

15

In all headlines that include a colon, always capitalize the first word after the colon.

Moderate exercise: No pain, big gains Use numerals for all numbers except in casual uses: hundreds instead of 100s. Use single quotes for quotation marks.

No punctuation in headlines, unless it’s three short phrases, or if there is a comma in the headline.

health care Two words as a noun. Example: improved health care Hyphenate as an adjective. Example: health-care provider

heart attack The term heart attack is often used in place of the more formal myocardial infarction. It is also sometimes used by lay people when referring to sudden cardiac arrest, but this is incorrect. The distinction between the two is worth remembering.

Myocardial infarction refers to an ischemic event — one caused by a cutoff of blood flow through a coronary artery.

Sudden cardiac arrest generally arises from the fast and erratic heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation.

Heroes for Life TRADEMARK LOGO ONLY! Do not add TM to Heroes for Life in text, only in the logo. Do not add Heroes for Life in the copyright line at the bottom of a page.

high(-) Most compounds are hyphenated, high-quality CPR; high-risk patient.

Hispanic Not all Spanish-speaking people are Hispanic. Check the source to see if the term Latino is more accurate.

I

i.e. This is the abbreviation for that is (the Latin is id est), but it should be used very sparingly.

If it’s used at all, it should be enclosed within parentheses: (i.e., do not use in running text)

implantable cardioverter– Use an en dash between cardioverter and defibrillator. Spell out on first defibrillator mention, and use the abbreviation (ICD) in subsequent references.

16

in, into, in to in: denotes position. Example: He was in the room. into: implies motion from without to within. Example: He went into the room. in to: (adverb and preposition) He went in to see his family, who were already in the room.

inch Always spell out; do not use the abbreviation in. Do not use the straight double quote symbol (“) to indicate inches except in tables and charts.

in-hospital Hyphenate.

impedance threshold device (ITD) Lowercase.

ingress protection (IP)

insure See ensure entry.

intrathoracic pressure regulation Lowercase. (IPR) therapy

Intravascular Temperature Or IVTM™. Please note that in 2015, we started referring to this product as Management Thermogard XP® (TGXP).

internet, intranet Both are lowercase and one word.

IVTM™ Also see Intravascular Temperature Management entry.

J

journal titles Spell out journal titles on first use.

Abbreviations on second reference are acceptable for the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).

Put the abbreviation in parentheses in Roman type after the first reference. When you use it separately from the spelled-out title, put it in italics.

joules Lowercase, then put abbreviaton (J) in parenthesis after it, if using again in the document.

17

L

less vs. fewer See fewer vs. less entry.

letters as letters Use an apostrophe to form the plural (otherwise it might look like a word formed by the letter plus the s). Note that the apostrophe and the s are set in Roman type, the letter itself in italics. Example: She pronounces her a’s with a Boston accent.

lifesaving One word as an adjective.

like(-), (-)like When used as a prefix, hyphenate. like-minded, like-natured

But as a suffix, it’s closed except when the root word is a proper noun, ends in l, or has more than one syllable. scarlike, Picasso-like, membrane-like, shell-like

like, as In comparisons, use like only if what follows in the sentence does not include a verb. He runs like a duck.

Use as (or as if or as though) when what follows in the sentence does include a verb. He runs as a duck does when it’s scared. He runs as if he were a duck. As I mentioned, he resembles a duck when he runs.

If an as construction sounds stilted, try substituting the way. He runs the way a duck does when it’s scared.

Li-ion battery When talking about lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in general, lithium should be lowercase, and in Li-ion, the L should be capped but the i should be lowercase. However, when talking about the new AutoPulse Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Battery, it should appear this way, with the L in Lithium capped and the I in Ion capped.

lists Alphabetical order is the preferred way to organize lists of items in running text and tables. If you are going to organize it in some other way, it’s helpful if the organizing principle is clear from the context.

lists, bulleted The items in bulleted lists should truly be bullets: blunt and to the point. So limit each bulleted item to a few sentences at most. If your items are longer, drop the bullets and use run-in heads instead. Use bullets only when there are two or more items. Do not use a bullet if there is only one entry. Reconsider using bullets if you have six or more items. Do not use commas, semicolons, or the word “and” at the end of items. Use periods if the items are complete sentences or commands (as in instructions.)

18

lists, numbered Numbered lists are an easy way to organize material. The number should be followed by a period, then a space.

1. Eat more fruits and vegetables. 2. Exercise.

load-distributing band Hyphenate. login, logon, logoff One word as a noun, but two words as a verb. Send me your login info. (noun) I log in to my computer. (verb)

long(-) Longtime, longstanding, but hyphenate in an adjectival compound:

long-lived rumor, long-term effect.

M

magnetic resonance imaging Spell out on first reference, and abbreviate as MRI thereafter. In passing references, not spelling out is okay. Using scan as a modifier for MRI can add clarity but isn’t a must.

measurements and units (Also see numbers entry.)

Use figures, or spell out?

Use figures (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc.) with most exact units of measure, even for numbers below 10. See numbers entry.

Such exact units include: calories, ounces, pounds, tablespoons, teaspoons, any metric measurement (millimeters, centimeters, kilometers, and so on), and measurements seen mainly in a medical context, e.g., millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

monitor/defibrillator X Series® monitor/defibrillator

Plural = monitor/defibrillators

milligrams In most cases, spell out on first reference and put mg in parentheses afterward, You should take 81 milligrams (mg) of aspirin daily to protect your heart.

months In dates that include days, abbreviate January, February, August, September, October, November, and December, e.g., Dec. 7, 1941. In dates that include just the month and the year, spell out all months and don’t separate with a comma.

The July 2011 issue of Code Communications.

19

MRI Spell out magnetic resonance imaging on first reference, and abbreviate as MRI thereafter. In passing references, not spelling out is okay. Using scan as a modifier for MRI can add clarity but isn’t a must.

multi(-) Do not hyphenate most terms: multiyear.

myocardial infarction See heart attack entry.

N

the Netherlands Lowercase the t in the.

non(-) Hyphenate compounds with “non.” non-invasive; non-STEMI; etc. Use a hyphen with words that are already hyphenated. non-life-threatening

non-invasive Hyphenate. The AutoPulse® is a revolutionary non-invasive device.

non-STEMI Hyphenate.

numbers Spell out numbers from one to nine. Use figures (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc.) for numbers below 10 with exact units of measurement or in charts, captions, and tabular matter.

Use figures (i.e., 10, 11, 12, etc.) for 10 and above;

Never begin a sentence with a figure. Spell it out or rewrite the sentence to avoid the problem.

For large round numbers, use figures for thousands 15,000, 300,000, 450,000

But for round numbers in the millions and billions, spell out millions or billions, preceded by either a spelled-out number (less than 10) or figure (10 and above).

two million, 11 billion

Use commas in figures with four digits or more, even as modifiers. 1,000 patients; 5,000-mg dose

Numbers in measurements and with units. Spell out figures below 10 if the units are referring to units of time, such as minutes, seconds, days, weeks, months, and years.

Use numerals for exact units of measurement: inches, feet, yards, miles, centimeters, millimeters, pounds, ounces, etc.

20

Use a hyphen when the number and units of measure precede a noun:

Example: Intervals of five seconds are recommended. Example: 5-second intervals, 5-year-old boy (use hyphen in compound adjective preceding a noun)

Do not abbreviate actual units of measurement unless in a table or chart.

Example: 5 pounds (not 5 lbs. unless in a chart.)

See units of measurement section

Ooff-hours Hyphenated.

OK All caps. Do not use okay.

on, onto, on to On denotes position upon something. Onto indicates motion toward the upper surface of something. She glued the photograph onto a sheet of paper. On to should be used only when on belongs to the verb. Hang on to the handlebars.

onboard One word.

one in, one out of constructions This man is one of 18 million Americans who have a drinking problem. (have is correct, not has) – Have refers to the Americans, which is plural. Invert the sentence to find the appropriate antecedent for who (a relative pronoun): Of the 18 million Americans who have a drinking problem, this man is one. When in doubt about these kinds of constructions, take a moment to locate the proper subject by inverting the sentence.

online No hyphen.

on-site, off-site Hyphenate both.

over(-) Most compounds are closed. overactive, overcrowded, overdose, overweight

overall (adj.), over all (adv.) It’s one word as an adjective placed before a noun, but two words when it modifies any type of clause: overall benefit, overall advantage. Over all, her health has improved.

21

over the counter Hyphenate when it appears before the noun it modifies, no hyphens when it follows the noun. Claritin is now an over-the-counter medication. Claritin is now available over the counter.

ordinal numbers (Also see numbers entry.) For first, second, third, etc., spell out under 10. For numbers above 10, use the th or nd, and superscript it: 15 th. For headlines, use superscripted numbers.

Example: The 15th Annual Sales Meeting

ounces Always spell out unless used in a table or chart, then use oz. 12-ounce bottle of beer.

P

padz (various names using padz) Use a plural verb. The CPR-D-padz® Electrodes meet the anthropometric chest characteristics of 99% of the population. Pedi-padz® II Pediatric Electrodes are designed especially for use with the AED Plus®.

percent Use the symbol (%) in all cases. Always express the number as a figure even for numbers less than 10.

Vehicle maintenance cost decreased by 20% with Road Safety. Revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2011 increased 8% to $113.2 million. For ranges, use % after the second number only, 15 to 20% increase.

phone numbers Do not add a 1 in front of the 3-digit exchange in phone numbers. 800-555-5555, not 1-800-555-5555

plurals (of abbreviations) Do not use an apostrophe. AEDs, ECGs, EMTs, MRIs

p.m., a.m. Lowercase and periods.

pounds Spell it out even as an enumerated modifier. 7-pound baby Abbreviation is acceptable only in tables and charts. 7lbs.

positron emission tomography Spell out on first reference, and abbreviate as PET in subsequent references. In passing references, especially in newsletters, the abbreviation on first reference is okay. Except when referring to the imaging technique itself, always follow with scan, image, or a similar word.

22

post(-) Usually closed. postnasal, postpartum

Exceptions include root words that begin with t. post-traumatic

poster titles The names of posters should be capitalized but not italic: CPR by the Numbers

pre(-) Closed except pre-hospital and with root words that begin with e. predetermined, prediabetic, but pre-empt, pre-eminent, pre-established, pre-existing

pre-hospital Hyphenate: pre-hospital

Q

quasi(-) It’s a separate word when used alone with a noun. quasi cure

But hyphenate when using as part of an adjective. quasi-scientific finding

R

re(-) Close these compounds unless the prefix is directly followed by an e or a capital letter: re-experience, re-examine, re-evaluate, but rewarm

Keep in mind that in some cases hyphenated and closed forms have different meanings.

re-sign vs. resign, re-create and recreate. (Hyphenate the less-familiar form.)

regime, regimen If you’re writing about health or medicine, the word you probably want is regimen. Plan, schedule, and treatment are good substitutes.

® (with period) The symbol comes first, and then the period. If possible, place the period under the symbol instead of to the right of it.

rewarm One word.

RescueNet® 12-Lead Uppercase L in Lead and hyphenate. When used without RescueNet, keep it 12-Lead if it is referring to RescueNet’s 12-Lead. If generic, lowercase and hyphenate.

23

risk-benefit Hyphenate as an adjective: risk-benefit analysis. In noun form, the phrase should be expanded: an analysis of risks and benefits.

risk for, risk of Either risk for or risk of before a noun or a gerund (an -ing word functioning as a noun) is all right. For example, risk for breast cancer and risk of breast cancer are both correct.

S Shock button When talking about pressing the Shock button, cap the S in Shock.

seasons Do not capitalize spring, summer, winter, fall, or autumn.

self-test Lowercase and hyphenated.

semicolons Use sparingly. Use semicolons in a series when at least one of the items in the series contains internal punctuation, such as a comma: ZOLL has facilities in Chelmsford, Mass.; Broomfield, Colo.; Pittsburgh, Penn.; and Sunnyvale, Calif.

semi-automatic Hyphenate.

single-use Hyphenate.

smartphone One word, lowercase both s and p. SpO2 Lowercase the p and subscript the 2.

Stand Cap only when followed by the stand number: See you at Stand #123, but See you at the ZOLL stand. (Also see booth entry.)

state abbreviations (See list at end of guide) When a state name is abbreviated in the text, use the abbreviation for the state, not the postal code.

Correct: The marketing team in Chelmsford, Mass., works hard. Incorrect: The marketing team in Chelmsford, MA, works hard.

STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) sub(-) With the exception of proper nouns, compounds are always closed.

sublet, subcategory, subgroup, subnormal, subplot, subtext, but sub-Saharan

24

sudden cardiac arrest Spell out sudden cardiac arrest on first reference. SCA is OK on second reference or in headlines. Cardiac arrest is also acceptable and interchangeable. Do not abbreviate cardiac arrest as CA. (See cardiac arrest entry.)

supercede Not supersede. symposium Plural is symposiums, not symposia. T

temperature Always use a capital F if Fahrenheit or a capital C if Celsius after the numeral and the degree mark. 96.8°F. No space between the degree symbol and the F or C.

When writing about a range of temperatures, use numerals and no apostrophe. You should drink more fluids if it gets into the high 80s.

Use an en dash for the minus sign for temperatures below zero. People are more likely to suffer frostbite at –20°F or below.

(NOTE: To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32, then multiply by five and divide by 9.)

that See which, that entry.

titles Initial cap words in titles in brochures, flyers, etc. Do not initial cap subject lines in emails.

time a.m. p.m. Lowercase and periods.

titles of publications Sometimes the definite article the is part of a publication’s title: The New York Times, The Economist. Capitalize The in such titles when referring to the publication alone: The editorial in The New England Journal of Medicine [not the New England Journal of Medicine] said the researchers had a conflict of interest. Sometimes, making The part of the name creates awkward repetition. The study was published in the June 16, 1990, The Lancet. In a citation, abbreviations are OK; The can be deleted: The study was published in the June 16, 1990, Lancet.

25

Italicize titles of books, videos, ebooks, movies, plays, TV shows and albums. Use quotes for titles of brochures, pamphlets, ebooklets, flyers and infographics

Use initial caps in webinar titles, but do not italicize.

titles, professional Note that we do not always adhere to the rules outlined below. There is a tendency to capitalize all titles, even though this is not necessary. Capitalize a person’s job title when it appears directly before his or her name. Lowercase when the title appears after the name.

Vice President of Marketing Elijah White said that the X Series® Monitor/Defibrillator is a great product. According to Jon Rennert, president of ZOLL Medical Corporation, ZOLL is a great place to work.

™ (with period) The symbol comes first, and then the period. If possible, place the period under the symbol instead of to the right of it.The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office site can be a good resource, www.uspto.gov.

Trade-In Trade-Up program Capitalize the Ts.

trademarks For ZOLL trademarks, see Registered Trademarks at the end of this guide.

Use the trademark one time in a document, in text.

Superscript ® and ™

Don’t use trademarks in titles or headlines, unless that is the only place that the product name is used. If the product name appears in a head and in the text, use the trademark in the text.

See list of Registered and Trademarked products at the end of this guide.

T-shirt Cap T and hyphenate. triple-lumen catheter Hyphenate.

U

under(-) Most compounds are closed. underdeveloped, underdiagnosed, underestimate

An exception is under way.

United States Can be spelled out or abbreviated. If abbreviating, use periods: U.S.

26

Units of measurement (Also see measurements and units entry.) Space between the unit symbol and the number. Example: 5 cm to 6 cm Measurements seen mainly in a medical context: Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

V

versus Spell out unless it is a court case or in a chart. If in a court case, use v. If in a chart, use vs.

VRhero

VRmobile

W

web Lowercase w.

webinar titles Use initial caps in webinar titles, but do not italicize.

website One word, lowercase.

well-being Always hyphenated.

whether or not In most circumstances, whether alone is sufficient. Or not is implied. which, that Careful writing requires reserving which for nonrestrictive clauses, that for restrictive clauses. (Nonrestrictive clauses are not necessary to complete the meaning of a sentence, while restrictive clauses provide essential information without which the sentence’s meaning would be altered.).

An easy way to remember this rule: if a comma is required before the clause, use which. No comma necessary? Use that.

For example, The books, which Doris had purchased a week ago, were lying on the table. The books that Doris purchased a week ago were lying on the table.

27

wide-, -wide As a prefix, wide is usually hyphenated: wide-brimmed hat, wide-eyed stare (however, note widespread).

Nouns are not hyphenated: a wide angle.

Most compounds with this suffix are closed: countrywide, hospitalwide, worldwide.

white paper Two words, lowercase both w and p.

WiFi ZOLL style is now WiFi.

workflow One word.

X X-ray Uppercase X.

Z

ZOLL Uppercase ZOLL at all times unless referring to Paul Zoll only. ZOLL® on first reference, unless it is in a headline.

ZOLL Medical Corporation or ZOLL Medical do not get an (R) because it is not referring to a product, it is the name of a company.

28

State

Alabama Ala. AL

Alaska                                         Alaska AK

Arizona                                       Ariz.                   AZ

Arkansas                                     Ark.                   AR

California                                    Calif.                  CA

Colorado                                     Colo.                  CO

Connecticut                                 Conn.                 CT

Delaware                                     Del.                    DE

Florida                                         Fla.                    FL

Georgia                                        Ga.                     GA

Hawaii                                         Hawaii               HI

Idaho                                           Idaho                 ID

Illinois                                         Ill.                      IL

Indiana                                        Ind.                    IN

Abbreviation in running text

Postal abbreviation

State Abbreviations

Abbreviations of State NamesWhen abbreviating state names in text, use the running text (longer) abbreviations, not the postal abbreviations (see list of both at end of this guide).

Incorrect: ZOLL Medical is located in Chelmsford, MA, near Route 495.Correct: ZOLL Medical is located in Chelmsford, Mass., near Route 495.

The following states are not abbreviated:Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah.

29

Iowa                                            Iowa                   IA

Kansas                                        Kan.                   KS

Kentucky                                     Ky.                     KY

Louisiana                                     La.                     LA

Maine                                          Maine                    ME

Maryland                                     Md.                    MD

Massachusetts                             Mass.                 MA

Michigan                                     Mich.                 MI

Minnesota Minn. MN

Mississippi                                  Miss.                  MS

Missouri                                      Mo.                    MO

Montana                                      Mont.                 MT

Nebraska                                     Neb.                   NE

Nevada                                        Nev.                   NV

New Hampshire                          N.H.                   NH

New Jersey                                  N.J.                    NJ

New Mexico                                N.M.                  NM

New York                                    N.Y.                   NY

North Carolina                            N.C.                   NC

North Dakota                              N.D.                   ND

Ohio                                            Ohio                   OH

Oklahoma                                    Okla.                  OK

Oregon                                        Ore.                    OR

30

Pennsylvania                               Pa.                     PA

Rhode Island R.I. RI

South Carolina S.C. SC

South Dakota S.D. SD

Tennessee Tenn. TN

Texas Texas TX

Utah Utah UT

Vermont Vt. VT

Virginia Va. VA

Washington Wash. WA

West Virginia W.Va. WV

Wisconsin Wis. WI

Wyoming Wyo. WY

31

The following are proper usages of ZOLL-related names and products. These guidelines should help increase quality and consistency in all company materials and correspondence.

The first mention of a ZOLL product should include its ™ or ® symbol followed by a noun, which is not capitalized. Avoid using symbols in headlines.

Do not use individual product logos, bold, italics, or type treatments such as dots in our product names.

IPR SolutionsResQPOD®

ResQCPR® System (U.S. only)

ResQGARD® (U.S. only)

ResQPUMP® (U.S. only)

CardioPump® (International only)

Ventilator SolutionsAccuVent™

AEV® (No longer in production, now called Z Vent®)

EMV+®

Eagle II™ (No longer in production, now called Z Vent®)

Smart Help™

Ventilation Simplified™

Z Vent® transport ventilator (Z Vent on second reference)

Proper Usage Guidelines

Resuscitation SolutionsZOLL AED 3®

ZOLL AED 3® BLS

AED Plus®

ZOLL AED Plus® (Europe only)

• Smart. Ready. Trusted.™

• Designed for Unexpected Heroes™

AED Plus® Trainer2

AED Pro®

AutoPulse® Resuscitation System

• LifeBand®

• Resuscitation on the Move™

• Quick Case™ carry sheet

Code-Ready®

CPR Dashboard™

CPR-D-padz® electrodes

CPR Index™

Defibrillator Dashboard™

Defib Mentor™

Dura-padz® (International only)

Dura-gel® (International only)

ExpertCare™

Heroes for Life™ LOGO ONLY, not in text. Do not add to copyright line. Only use TM in the logo.

Intellisense™

LifeVest®

Mobilize Rescue Systems™

ZOLL M2™

OneStep™ electrodes (on first reference)

32

Proper Usage Guidelines – cont.

Resuscitation Solutions - cont.

Pedi-padz®

Pedi-padz® ll

Power Infuser®

Powerheart®

Pro-padz® multifunction electrodes

Protocol Assist Code Markers™

Quick Case™ carry sheet

Rapid Cable Deployment System™

RapidShock™ (International only)

Real BVM Help™

Real CPR Help®

Remote View™

ZOLL Rectilinear Biphasic™ waveform (RBW)

RescueReady®

R Series® monitor/defibrillator (R Series on second reference)

See-Thru CPR®

Sense ‘n Sync™

Speed Pack™

Stat-padz® multifunction electrodes

Stat-padz® II multifunction electrodes

SurePower™

SurePower™ battery

SurePower™ charger

SurePower™ II

TBI Dashboard™

Uni-padz® electrodes

X Series® monitor/defibrillator (X Series on second reference)

XChange™ program

Masimo and its technology require registered trademarks

Masimo®

Masimo rainbow®

Masimo SET®

Masimo SpCO®

Masimo SpMet®

For all Masimo products, add a credit line that says: Masimo, rainbow, SET, SpCO, and SpMet are trademarks or registered trademarks of Masimo Corporation.

Microstream is a registered trademark of Oridion Medical 1987 Ltd.

Microstream® EtCO2 Measurement Technology

(In ad copy, “Measurement Technology” may be deleted.)

Propaq is a registered trademark of Welch Allyn

Propaq® LT

Propaq® M

Propaq® MD

Smartcuf®

SureBP®

AED Program Management

PlusTrac™

PlusLearning™

33

Proper Usage Guidelines – cont.

Data Management Solutions

CodeNet®

Data Comm™

RescueNet® 12-Lead

RescueNet® Billing

RescueNet® Billing Pro

RescueNet® CaseReview

RescueNet® Code Review

RescueNet® CodeWriter

RescueNet® CommCAD

RescueNet® Crew Scheduler

RescueNet® Dispatch

RescueNet® ePCR Suite

RescueNet® FireRMS

RescueNet® Insight

RescueNet® Link

RescueNet® Navigator

RescueNet® Resource Planner

RescueNet® @Work

RoadSafety®

SafeForce™

ZOLL® Online

ZOLL Respond™

Temperature Management Solutions

Coolgard 3000®

Cool Line®

Icy®

InnerCool®

IVTM™

Quattro®

Solex 7™

STx™ (no superscript + sign)

In the brands below always superscript + sign:

STx+™ Surface Pad System (Never use STx+™ Surface Cooling System)

STx+™ Surface Pads

STx+™ Surface Pad Set

STx+™ Thigh Pads

STx+™ Patient Vest

STx™ CoolRepeat® Temperature Thermogard™

Thermogard XP® (TGXP)

Other

Downstream® (in U.S. and Canada

TherOx® (in U.S.)

LifeBridge®

NeuroFlo™

FloControl™