WP 3: Human Performance Metrics

10 Oct 2002Brian Hilburn

Goals

Extract set of ASAS applicable HumPerf Metrics

Outline application methods (guidance)

Provide primary references

Mapped onto:

- Application (eg Airborne Sep.)

- Validation Type (eg Realtime, etc)

- Agent (ATC vs Flightdeck)

- Human Performance Area

Human Performance Areas

– Workload

– Situation Awareness

– System Monitoring

– Teamwork

– Trust

– Usability and User Acceptance

– Human Error

Parallel WP2 (System Metrics)

– SYSTEM versus HUMAN performance?

Distinction sometimes arbitrary

– Performance Areas differ

– Implicit links to Goals

human performance influences SAFETY etc

WP 3 Deliverable

ASAS f1

Air

Ground

Wrkld

SA

etc

Obj

Subj

Fast t

Real t

ASAS fn

.

.

Methods

Literature review

- ASAS sources (transatlantic FreeFlight)

- ATM validation efforts (INTEGRA, RHEA,…)

- Aviation Human Factors

- Human Factors general

Distillation of methods and metrics

Guidelines

Including general Measurement Issues

General Measurement Issues

Validation test subjects

Experimental design in validation

Analytical techniques

Balancing validation realism & data collection

Format of Metrics

Function ValidationTechnique

Agent HumanPerformanceArea orConcept

Data Type Metric Comments

What?

Wor

kloa

d

Sub

ject

ive

How?What?

Air

born

e su

rvei

llan

cefu

ncti

ons

Fas

t Tim

e

Airside

Sit

uati

onA

war

enes

s

Obj

ecti

veHow?

Guidance:

Literature Consensus and Expert Opinion...

ValidationTechnique

RTS

Subjective/Objective ObjectiveIntrusive Med-HighCost of Equipment HighReliability HighValidity Med*Expertise Required High

Pupil diameter

Resource Intensity High

Good temporal resolution,but also costly in terms ofexpertise. Equipment for eyetracking expensive andgenerally not portable;Ocular measures currentlyquite intrusive. Subject tolight (eg probably notsuitable for use in daylightcockpit settings) and otherartefacts. (Beatty, 1986)

EXAMPLE

• NASA Task Load Index• Heart Rate Variability• Pupil Diameter• Human Computer Trust Scale• Auditory Choice Secondary Task Response Time• Situation Awareness Rating Technique• Blink latency• Choice Reaction Time secondary task

• etc………...

100+ Human Performance Metrics

Choosing a Metric

– Objectivity Objective / Subjective

– Intrusive High / Low

– Cost High / Low

– Reliability High / Low

– Validity High / Low

– Utility High / Low

– Expertise High / Low

– Resource High / Low

A Worked Example...

• Given: Airborne Spacing application

(in-descent spacing scenario)

Controlled airspace

• Study: Real time

• Question: Transient workload peaks?

• Issues: Time resolution, intrusiveness, cost

Applying the Framework

General Guidance

WorkloadHuman Error

System Monitoring Usability SA Teamwork Trust

Analytic * *** ** ** * ** *Fast Time * *** * ** * ** *Real Time *** * *** *** *** *** *Survey ** * * *** ** * ***

Link between System and Human Performance metrics

What are my goals?

Relationship to higher validation goals

Guidance, not a cookbook

Ideally used in conjunction w SYSTEM metrics

Conclusions