Woven fabric defects

Broken end: Yarn broken in a warp direction in woven fabric.

Broken pick: Yarn broken in a weft direction in woven fabric.

Burl mark: A slub or knot being removed with a burling tool in a fabric.

Coarse end/pick: A yarn having a large diameter than normal to the fabric.

Colour fly yarn: Waster fibers of different color are woven into the fabric as contamination.

Double end: Two ends wrongly weaved as one.

Double pick: Two picks wrongly placed in a single shed.

End out: A missing warp yarn.

Hole: Any broken yarns to form a hole.

Jerk in: An extra weft yarn jerked by the shuttle into the fabric along with a correct pick of weft yarn.

Knot: Two or more ends of yarn tied together.

Loom Bar: A change in shade across the full width of a fabric.

Mispick: Missing a weft yarn.

Reed mark: A defect resulting from a bent reed wire, characterized by a fine-lined thin place in the warp directions.

Reed streak: A warp-wise streak caused by a damaged reed in weaving.

Shade bar: A change in shade with in a short duration across the width of the fabric.

Slub: A short abnormal thick place in a yarn.

Soiled filling: A weft yarn soled by dirt or grease.

Stop mark: Inconsistent of yarn tension while a loom is stopped.

Thick place: Where the place of weft yarn greater in diameter than normal to the fabric.

Thin place: Where the place of weft yarn is smaller in diameter than normal to the fabric.

Tight end: A warp yarn in an abnormal restriction than the adjacent normal yarns.

Knitted fabric defects

Barre: A noticeable stripes in the direction of the weft-wise. Some of the causes are uneven yarn and uneven tension.

Birdseye: An unintentional tucked stitches which appear occasionally on the knitted fabric.

Coarse yarn: A yarn having a large diameter than that normal to the fabric.

Dropped stitches: When a stitch failing to form because of malfunctioning needle.

Fine yarn: A yarn having a smaller diameter than normal to the fabric.

Misdraw (colour): In warp knits, the colored yarns are wrongly drawn through the guide bars which causes the appearance of the fabric different from the designated pattern.

Missing yarns: A yarn is missing or broken which the machine continuing to run.

Needle line: Wales are distorted caused by a bent needle.

Press-off: A condition in which a knitted fabric fails to knot and as a result, either the fabric falls off the needle or the design of the fabric is completely destroyed.

Run: A vertical line of unformed stitches caused by damaged needle.

Tucking defect: One or more unwanted tuck stitches appear on the knitted fabric which are occurred due to the malfunctioning needle or jack.

WOVEN FABRIC

DEFECTS

 

     Defect Explanation Severity

Bull Mark When a slub or extra piece of yarn is woven into the fabric. This is often

removed by a "burling tool". This will usually leave an open place in the

fabric.

Major

Drawbacks Caused by excessive loom tension gradually applied by some abnormal

restriction. When the restriction is removed, the excess slack is woven

into the fabric. Ends are usually broken.

Major

Dropped Pick Caused by the filling Insertion mechanism on a shuttleless loom not

holding the filling yarn, causing the filling to be woven without tension.

Major

End Out Caused by yarn breaking and loom continuing to run.  The defect will

appear as a thin line.

Major

FLY Usually caused by the spinning process, small fibers spun into the yarn

of another stock. Often caused by  lack of precaution to prevent

contamination.

Minor, but in severe

cases Major

Harness

Breakdown

Caused by the harness straps breaking on a  conventional loom. There

will be definite pattern change  in the weave. 

Major

Jerk-in Caused by an extra piece of filling being jerked part way into the fabric

by the shuttle. The defect will appear at  the selvedge. 

Major or Minor

depending how close

the patterns are cut

to the selvedge

Knots Caused by tying spools of yarn together Minor, but in severe

cases Major

Mixed Ends

(Yarn)

Yarn of a different fiber blend used on the warp frame, resulting in a

streak in the fabric.

Major

Mixed Filling Caused by bobbin of lightweight yarn or different fiber blend used in

filling. Will appear as a distinct shade change.

Major

Open Reed Results from a bent reed wire causing warp ends to be held apart,

exposing the filling yarn. Will be conspicuous on fabrics that use

different colored yarns on warp and shuttle

Major

Slub Usually caused by an extra piece of the yarn that is woven into the

fabric. It can also be caused by fly waste being spun in yarn in the

spinning process

Major or Minor

Smash Caused by a number of ruptured warp or filling yarns or  on package

dyed yarn.

Major

Soiled

Filling/End

Dirty, oily looking spots on the warp or filling yarns or on package dyed

yarn.

Major

Stop Mark When the loom is stopped, the yarn elongates under tension, when loom

starts again, the slack is woven into the fabric

Major or Minor

Thin Place Often caused by the filling yarn breaking and the loom continuing to run

until the operator notices the problem

Major

KNITTED FABRIC DEFECTS

Defect Explanation Severity

Barre Occurs in circular knit. Caused by mixing yarn on feed into machine.

Fabric will appear to have horizontal streaks

Major

Birdseye Caused by unintentional tucking from malfunctioning needle. Usually two

small distorted stitches, side by side

Major or Minor

depending on

severity

Broken Color

Pattern

Usually caused by color yarn out of place on frame. Major

Drop Stitches Results from malfunctioning needle or jack. Will appear as holes, or

missing stitches.

Major

End out Occurs in warp knit. Results from knitting machine  continuing to run

with missing end.

Major

Hole Caused by broken needle. Major

Missing Yarn Occurs in circular knit. Caused by one end of yarn missing from feed

and machine continuing to run.

Major

Mixed Yarn Occurs in Warp knit. Results from wrong fiber yarn ( or wrong size yarn)

placed on warp. Fabric could appear as thick end or different color if

fibers have different affinity for dye.

Major or Minor

Needle Line Caused by bent needle forming distorted stitches. Usually vertical line. Major

Press-off Results when all or some of the needles on circular knitting fail to

function and the fabric either falls off the machine or design is

completely disrupted or destroyed.

Major

Runner Usually caused by broken needle. Will appear as vertical line. (most

machines have a stopping device to stop machine when a needle

breaks)

Major

Slub Usually caused by a thick or heavy place in yarn, or by lint getting onto

yarn feeds

Major or Minor

Straying End Warp knit. Caused when an end of yarn breaks and the loose end strays

and is knit irregularly into another area

Major