Worldwide Harmonized Heavy Duty Emissions Certification Procedure

UNITED NATIONS

57th GRPE, Geneva, 15 January 2009

Informal document No. GRPE-57-32(57th GRPE, 13-16 January 2009, agenda item 2(b))

Overview Informal Document 57-07UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Options

Option 1: New structure of § 6.3 (engine power) and new Annex 7 Option 2: Average reference fuel as placeholder, until measurement

programs are completed (amended § 6.9 and Annex 2) Option 5: Deletion of 70 mm filter, allowance of both filter materials,

higher filter face velocity (amended § 9.4.2), extended static electricity provisions (amended § 9.4.3)

Other amendments

Clarification on charge air cooling (§ 6.2) Clarification on intake and exhaust systems (§ 6.4 and 6.5) Allowance of additive regeneration adjustment factors (§ 6.6.2) Amendments and new structure for § 7 Amendments on exhaust dilution (§ 8.3.3 and 8.4.3) New pure gas specifications (§ 9.3.3.1 b)

Option 1 – Engine Power/WorkUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

The new structure for § 6.3 has been agreed by WHDC group

6.3 Engine power

6.3.1 General engine installation

6.3.2 Auxiliaries to be fitted for the emissions test

6.3.3 Auxiliaries to be removed for the emissions test

6.3.4 Determination of auxiliary power

6.3.5 Reference power

Annex 7: Installation of the auxiliaries for the emissions test

Option 1 – PrinciplesUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

General engine installation

Engine to be tested only with the auxiliaries needed for operating the engine. Other auxiliaries should be removed.

Auxiliaries to be fitted for the emissions test

If required auxiliaries are not fitted, their power shall be subtracted from engine power

Auxiliaries to be removed for the emissions testIf non-required auxiliaries are fitted, their power may be added to engine power

Option 2 - Reference FuelUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Introduction of average reference fuel that covers national reference fuel specifications is generally supported

5% biofuel content accepted by WHDC group

DG-JRC test program started in October 2008

2 engines (US07 with DPF, Euro V with SCR)

preliminary results from Euro V engine were presented by JRC

Japanese test program with JP05 engine (NSR + DPF) finished; results were presented by NTSEL

Preliminary test results from both programs suggest acceptance of average reference fuel

EMA test program with US07 engine not yet finished; results will be presented at next WHDC meeting

Option 2 – Japanese Results

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

COLD 5min_soak 10min_soak 20min_soak

g/kW

h

EU

US

UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

0

2

4

6

8

10

COLD 5min_soak 10min_soak 20min_soakm

g/kW

h

EU

US

NOx PM

Emissions with US reference fuel slightly higher for NOx, no clear trend with PM

No significant influence of soaktime

Option 2 – JRC Results

WHTC Cycle - Effect of different soak times and fuels

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

COLD Soak 5 min Soak 10 min Soak 20 min

Re

lati

ve

NO

x e

mis

sio

ns

Fuel A

Fuel B

Fuel C

UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

WHTC Cycle - Effect of different soak times and fuels

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

COLD Soak 5 min Soak 10 min Soak 20 minR

ela

tiv

e P

M E

mis

sio

ns

Fuel A

Fuel B

Fuel C

NOx PM

Emissions with US reference fuel slightly higher for NOx and PM

No significant influence of soaktime

Test results in relative terms, since validation still under work

Option 3 – Hot Soak PeriodUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Original USA EPA proposal for validation program not feasible within WHDC time line

WP.29/AC.3 therefore agreed to exclude soak time from the current mandate

Industry does not like gtr with options

10 minutes (EU-COM proposal) could still be compromise solution

EMA/ACEA/JAMA met with EPA senior management on 25 November to find possible solution

EPA recognized the tight Euro VI timing, and agreed to separate soaktime evaluation from general stringency evaluation

Industry agreed to deliver test data within few months

Possible solution must be ready for June 2009 GRPE

Option 4 – Cold Start WeightingUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

General problem

only limited field data with cold start statistics available

USA EPA proposal for validation program not feasible within WHDC time line

WP.29/AC.3 therefore agreed to exclude cold start weighting from the current mandate

Basically, no compromise solution feasible due to lack of statistical data

OICA indicated acceptance of the 14% weighting factor in case of a compromise solution on option 3 (soaktime)

could be taken into account for Euro VI via WHTC/ETC correlation study

Option 5 – PM MeasurementUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

PM test program at TÜV Nord has just been finished

Current status on option 5 (decision at 25th WHDC meeting)

Since filter size did not show significant influence, it was agreed to delete 70 mm filter

Since both filter materials showed good low PM measurement accuracy, it was agreed to permit both materials at the choice of the manufacturer

Test results were presented by TÜV Nord

Decisions on filter size and material have been confirmed

Additional investigations within the program not yet finished determination of NOx measurement accuracy at very low levels measurement of particle number according to PMP protocol

Option 5 – PM Results of Engine 1UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

PM WHTC hot - TX filter (Var. 1-6)

0,0000

0,0010

0,0020

0,0030

0,0040

0,0050

0,0060

0,0070

0,0080

0,0090

0,0100

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58

PM

[g

/kW

h]

FFPF

Var. 1 Var. 2 Var. 3 Var. 4 Var. 5 Var. 6

Lowest variability with variant 2 (low dilution, high filter face velocity)

No significant influence of filter size (variant 6 compared to variant 3)

Option 5 – PM Results of Engine 2UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

PM WHTC hot - TX and Teflo filter (Var. 1-8)

0,000

0,005

0,010

0,015

0,020

0,025

0,030

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85

PM

[g

/kW

h]

FF

PF

Teflo, Var.7 and 8

Var. 2 Var. 3 Var. 4 Var. 5Var. 1 Var. 6 Var. 7 Var. 8

Lowest variability with variant 2 (low dilution, high filter face velocity)

No significant influence of filter size (variant 6 compared to variant 3)

No significant difference between TX 40 and Teflo filters

Gasoline EnginesUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

China and Japan presented test results showing that

current WHDC procedure is not fully applicable to gasoline engines

major modifications would be needed to extend the scope

WHDC group agreed to drop the issue from this gtr

Regional regulations are acceptable for the major stakeholders (Japan, China, USA, EU)

Alignment with Nonroad gtrUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

WHDC and NRMM secretaries will put together differences between NRMM and WHDC gtr's

WHDC secretary will present a proposal for solution at the March 2009 WHDC meeting

Status:

US Part 1065 amendments have been published, which now allows to complete the nonroad gtr

the nonroad gtr includes many minor details that are not covered within WHDC gtr

it will be possible to align the broad technical requirements to a high degree

Proposal for New Structure of Section 7 UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

7.1 Principles

7.2 Test cycles

7.3 Engine mapping

7.4 Reference cycle

7.5 Pre-test procedures

7.6 WHTC cycle run

7.7 WHSC cycle run

7.8 General test sequence

7.9 Post-test procedures

Next MeetingsUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

27th meeting: 10 to 12 March 2009, Budapest, Hungary

28th meeting: 09(?) June 2009, Geneva ( to prepare final GRPE approval)

Summary

Options 1 and 5 basically solved

Option 2 test programs at JRC and EMA behind schedule; test results will be finally discussed at March 2009 meeting; preliminary results suggest acceptance of average reference fuel

Option 3 test results from engine manufacturers will be available by March 2009, but on a reduced scale compared to the original EPA proposal

Extension of scope to gasoline engines will be dropped

Editorial and technical comments to gtr n°4 by GRPE members to be submitted to secretary by February 2009

gtr time line is confirmed and WP.29 adoption in November 2009 not in jeopardy

Solution of options 3 and 4 might still be feasible by June 2009

UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC