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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
WorldInvestmentReport
United NationsNew York and Geneva, 2003
2003 FDI Policies for Development:National and InternationalPerspectives
ANNEXES
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives186
ANNEX A 187
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.1
. T
he
wo
rld
’s t
op
10
0 n
on
-fin
an
cia
l T
NC
s,
ran
ke
d b
y f
ore
ign
as
se
ts,
20
01
a
(Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs a
nd
nu
mb
er
of
em
plo
yee
s)
Ran
king
in 2
001:
Ran
king
in 2
000:
Ass
ets
Sal
es E
mpl
oym
ent
For
eign
F
orei
gnT
NI
b
ass
ets
T
NIb
a
sse
ts
TN
IbC
orpo
ratio
nH
ome
econ
omy
Indu
stry
cF
orei
gnTo
tal
F
orei
gn e
Tota
lF
orei
gnTo
tal
(Per
cent
)
113
115
Vod
afon
eU
nite
d K
ingd
omTe
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns 1
87 7
92 2
07 4
58 2
4 60
2 3
2 74
4 5
6 43
0 6
7 17
883
.22
832
73G
ener
al E
lect
ric
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Ele
ctri
cal &
ele
ctro
nic
equi
pmen
t 1
80 0
31 4
95 2
10 3
9 91
4 1
25 9
13 1
52 0
00 3
10 0
0039
.03
157
24B
PU
nite
d K
ingd
omP
etro
leum
exp
l./re
f./d
istr
. 1
11 2
07 1
41 1
58 1
41 2
25 1
75 3
89 9
0 50
0 1
10 1
5080
.54
364
42V
iven
di U
nive
rsal
Fra
nce
Div
ersi
fied
91
120
d 1
23 1
56 2
9 65
2 5
1 42
3 2
56 7
25f
381
504
66.3
582
--
Deu
tsch
e Te
leko
m A
GG
erm
any
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
90
657
d 1
45 8
02 1
1 83
6 4
3 30
9 7
8 72
2 2
57 0
5840
.06
393
30E
xxon
mob
il C
orpo
ratio
nU
nite
d S
tate
sP
etro
leum
exp
l./re
f./d
istr
. 8
9 42
6 1
43 1
74 1
45 8
14 2
09 4
17 6
1 14
8g
97
900
64.8
785
3885
For
d M
otor
Com
pany
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Mot
or v
ehic
les
81
169
276
543
52
983
162
412
188
919
354
431
38.4
887
584
Gen
eral
Mot
ors
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Mot
or v
ehic
les
75
379
323
969
45
256
177
260
148
000
365
000
29.8
948
646
Roy
al D
utch
/She
ll G
roup
hU
nite
d K
ingd
om/ N
ethe
rlan
dsP
etro
leum
exp
l./re
f./d
istr
. 7
3 49
2f
111
543
72
952
135
211
52
109
89
939
59.3
1021
1962
Tota
lFin
aElf
Fra
nce
Pet
role
um e
xpl./
ref.
/dis
tr.
70
030
d 7
8 50
0 7
4 64
7 9
4 41
8 6
9 03
7 1
22 0
2574
.911
1815
23S
uez
Fra
nce
Ele
ctri
city
, gas
and
wat
er 6
9 34
5 7
9 28
0 2
9 91
9 3
7 97
5 1
28 7
50 1
88 0
5078
.212
478
80To
yota
Mot
or C
orpo
ratio
nJa
pan
Mot
or v
ehic
les
68
400
d 1
44 7
93 5
9 88
0 1
08 8
08 1
86 9
11 2
46 7
0259
.313
6310
47F
iat S
paIta
lyM
otor
veh
icle
s 4
8 74
9 8
9 26
4 2
4 86
0 5
2 00
2 1
03 5
65 1
98 7
6451
.514
529
55Te
lefo
nica
SA
fS
pain
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
48
122
77
011
14
303
27
775
93
517
161
527
57.3
1551
1223
Vol
ksw
agen
Gro
upG
erm
any
Mot
or v
ehic
les
47
480
92
520
57
426
79
376
157
579
324
413
57.4
1657
1393
Che
vron
Texa
co C
orp.
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pet
role
um e
xpl./
ref.
/dis
tr.
44
943
77
572
57
673
104
409
35
569
67
569
55.3
1738
1452
Hut
chis
on W
ham
poa
Lim
ited
Hon
g K
ong,
Chi
naD
iver
sifie
d 4
0 98
9f
55
281
6 0
92 1
1 41
5 5
3 47
8 7
7 25
365
.618
1117
11N
ews
Cor
pora
tion
Aus
tral
iaM
edia
35
650
40
007
13
880
15
087
24
700
33
800
84.7
1944
2943
Hon
da M
otor
Co
Ltd
Japa
nM
otor
veh
icle
s 3
5 25
7 5
2 05
6 4
0 08
8 5
5 95
5 5
9 00
0 1
20 6
0062
.820
8623
77E
.On
Ger
man
yE
lect
rici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
33
990
d 8
7 75
5 2
2 74
4 7
1 41
9 6
4 28
5 1
51 9
5337
.621
2018
4N
estlé
SA
hS
witz
erla
ndF
ood
& b
ever
ages
33
065
55
821
34
704
i 5
0 71
7 2
23 3
24f
229
765
f75
.022
8161
86R
WE
Gro
upj
Ger
man
yE
lect
rici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
32
809
81
024
23
151
58
039
65
609
155
634
40.8
2365
1157
IBM
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Ele
ctri
cal &
ele
ctro
nic
equi
pmen
t 3
2 80
0 8
8 31
3 5
0 65
1i
85
866
173
969
f 3
19 8
7650
.224
324
3A
BB
Sw
itzer
land
Mac
hine
ry a
nd e
quip
men
t 3
0 58
6f
32
305
18
876
f 1
9 38
2 1
48 4
86f
156
865
95.6
2535
3749
Uni
leve
r h
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
/ Net
herl
ands
Div
ersi
fied
30
529
d 4
6 92
2 2
8 67
5 4
6 80
3 2
04 0
00 2
79 0
0066
.526
7536
74E
NI G
roup
Italy
Pet
role
um e
xpl./
ref.
/dis
tr.
29
935
55
584
19
437
43
861
26
570
f 8
0 17
843
.827
6021
51B
MW
AG
Ger
man
yM
otor
veh
icle
s 2
9 90
1 4
5 41
5 2
5 30
4i
34
482
23
338
f 9
7 27
554
.428
725
10P
hilip
s E
lect
roni
csN
ethe
rland
sE
lect
rica
l & e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent
29
416
34
070
27
598
28
992
157
661
188
643
88.4
2945
4541
Car
refo
ur S
AF
ranc
eR
etai
l 2
9 34
2d
41
172
31
513
62
294
235
894
358
501
62.6
3091
--
Ele
ctri
cité
De
Fra
nce
Fra
nce
Ele
ctri
city
, gas
and
wat
er 2
8 14
1 1
20 1
24 1
2 46
8 3
6 50
2 3
8 06
6 1
62 4
9127
.031
6920
87R
epso
l YP
F S
AS
pain
Pet
role
um e
xpl./
ref.
/dis
tr.
27
028
45
575
13
752
39
135
16
455
35
452
47.0
3253
2248
Son
y C
orpo
ratio
nJa
pan
Ele
ctri
cal &
ele
ctro
nic
equi
pmen
t 2
6 93
0d
61
393
38
605
57
595
99
300
168
000
56.7
3340
4056
Ave
ntis
SA
Fra
nce
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
26
368
d 3
4 76
1 1
3 37
7 2
0 56
7 4
7 96
8h
91
729
64.4
3495
2891
Wal
-Mar
t Sto
res
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Ret
ail
26
324
83
451
35
485
217
799
303
000
1 38
3 00
023
.235
9716
93D
aim
lerC
hrys
ler A
GG
erm
any/
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Mot
or v
ehic
les
25
795
183
765
43
556
i 1
37 0
51 7
6 44
1 3
72 4
7022
.136
6-
-La
farg
e S
AF
ranc
eC
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls 2
4 90
6 2
6 49
3 1
0 53
7 1
2 28
0 7
3 94
0 8
2 89
289
.737
7032
66N
issa
n M
otor
Co
Ltd
Japa
nM
otor
veh
icle
s 2
4 38
2 5
4 11
3 2
9 07
8 4
7 09
1 3
7 41
7f
125
099
45.6
3824
6350
AE
S C
orpo
ratio
nU
nite
d S
tate
sE
lect
rici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
23
902
d 3
6 73
6 5
809
9 3
27 3
5 00
0f
38
000
73.2
395
3418
Roc
he G
roup
Sw
itzer
land
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
22
794
25
289
17
156
17
463
55
451
63
717
91.8
4054
3337
BA
SF
AG
Ger
man
yC
hem
ical
s 2
0 87
2 3
2 67
1 1
7 10
8 2
9 13
6 4
1 60
6 9
2 54
555
.941
9664
96D
euts
che
Pos
t AG
Ger
man
yT
rans
port
and
sto
rage
20
840
d 1
38 8
37 9
844
i 2
9 92
4 5
2 68
0 2
76 2
3522
.342
5835
31B
ayer
AG
Ger
man
yP
harm
aceu
tical
s/ch
emic
als
20
297
f 3
2 81
7 1
5 77
8h
27
142
52
300
h 1
16 9
0054
.943
2970
53G
laxo
Sm
ithkl
ine
Plc
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
20
295
31
758
27
319
29
689
60
962
107
470
70.9
4433
5314
Roy
al A
hold
NV
hN
ethe
rland
sR
etai
l 1
9 96
7d
28
562
40
150
59
701
183
851
270
739
68.4
4527
5733
Com
pagn
ie D
e S
aint
-Gob
ain
SA
Fra
nce
Con
stru
ctio
n m
ater
ials
19
961
28
478
19
091
27
245
130
000
173
329
71.7
4626
--
BH
P B
illito
n G
roup
Aus
tral
iaM
inin
g &
qua
rryi
ng 1
9 89
8f
29
552
14
821
f 1
7 77
8 3
3 07
0f
51
037
71.8
4710
2719
Dia
geo
Plc
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Foo
d &
bev
erag
es 1
9 73
1d
26
260
13
747
16
020
59
868
f 6
2 12
485
.848
5595
67C
onoc
o In
c.U
nite
d S
tate
sP
etro
leum
exp
l./re
f./d
istr
. 1
9 38
3d
27
904
17
530
38
737
10
362
f 2
0 03
355
.549
9010
094
Phi
lip M
orri
s C
ompa
nies
Inc
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Div
ersi
fied
19
339
d 8
4 96
8 3
3 94
4i
89
924
39
831
175
000
27.8
5028
--
Nat
iona
l Gri
d T
rans
co h
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Ele
ctri
city
, gas
and
wat
er 1
9 08
0 2
4 83
9 3
829
6 3
08 1
0 15
4 1
3 23
671
.451
59-
-P
inau
lt-P
rint
emps
Red
oute
SA
Fra
nce
Ret
ail
18
285
d 3
0 99
1 1
3 62
7 2
4 92
1 5
4 23
1 1
07 5
7154
.752
6843
59P
fizer
Inc
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
18
160
39
153
12
327
32
259
54
000
f 9
0 00
048
.253
6255
69M
otor
ola
Inc
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
18
116
33
398
16
051
30
004
57
720
111
000
53.2
5472
4179
Texa
s U
tiliti
es C
ompa
nyU
nite
d S
tate
sE
lect
rici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
17
966
d 4
2 27
5 1
3 53
4 2
7 92
7 7
869
18
301
44.7
552
492
Tho
mso
n C
orpo
ratio
nC
anad
aP
rintin
g &
pub
lishi
ng 1
7 81
5 1
8 40
2 7
086
7 2
37 4
3 33
8f
44
000
97.7
5612
--
Nor
tel N
etw
orks
Can
ada
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
17
474
d 2
1 13
7 1
6 57
1 1
7 51
1 3
8 80
0 5
2 60
083
.757
4230
26A
lcat
elF
ranc
eM
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent
17
356
32
382
15
786
22
729
68
191
99
314
63.9 /..
.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives188A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
.1.
Th
e w
orl
d’s
to
p 1
00
no
n-f
ina
nc
ial
TN
Cs
, ra
nk
ed
by
fo
reig
n a
ss
ets
, 2
00
1a (
co
nc
lud
ed
)(M
illio
ns
of
do
llars
an
d n
um
be
r o
f e
mp
loye
es)
Ran
king
in 2
001:
Ran
king
in 2
000:
Ass
ets
Sal
esE
mpl
oym
ent
For
eign
F
orei
gnT
NI
b
ass
ets
T
NIb
a
sse
ts
TN
IbC
orpo
ratio
nH
ome
econ
omy
Indu
stry
cF
orei
gnTo
tal
F
orei
gn e
Tota
lF
orei
gnTo
tal
(Per
cent
)
5873
4660
Pro
cter
& G
ambl
eU
nite
d S
tate
sD
iver
sifie
d 1
7 34
2d
40
776
19
040
40
238
43
381
102
000
44.1
5932
4727
Coc
a-C
ola
Com
pany
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Foo
d &
bev
erag
es 1
7 05
8k
22
417
12
566
k 2
0 09
2 2
6 14
7 3
8 34
168
.960
6144
58H
ewle
tt-P
acka
rdU
nite
d S
tate
sE
lect
rica
l & e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent
17
007
32
584
26
393
i 4
5 22
6 4
4 99
2 8
6 20
054
.261
1-
-N
TL
Inco
rpor
ated
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
16
815
d 1
6 83
4 3
699
3 6
99 1
9 17
8 1
9 20
099
.962
77-
-M
MO
2U
nite
d K
ingd
omTe
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns 1
6 74
4d
31
605
2 0
57 6
129
6 3
66 1
5 11
642
.963
3178
36C
able
& W
irel
ess
Plc
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
16
659
23
258
4 9
55 8
472
27
750
35
561
69.4
6488
9690
Mits
ubis
hi C
orpo
ratio
nJa
pan
Mot
or v
ehic
les
16
556
61
087
15
821
100
553
18
779
44
034
28.5
6522
6928
Vol
vo A
BS
wed
enM
otor
veh
icle
s 1
5 92
8f
24
449
17
011
18
322
47
463
72
031
74.6
6625
268
Ang
lo A
mer
ican
hU
nite
d K
ingd
omM
inin
g &
qua
rryi
ng 1
5 84
8d
25
501
13
509
19
282
175
000
204
000
72.7
6774
6278
Mat
sush
ita E
lect
ric
Indu
stri
al C
o., L
td.J
apan
Ele
ctri
cal &
ele
ctro
nic
equi
pmen
t 1
5 71
2d
57
204
26
815
52
263
142
984
267
196
44.1
6837
--
Sin
gtel
Ltd
.S
inga
pore
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
15
594
19
108
1 3
62 4
054
17
574
21
535
65.6
6978
--
Du
Pon
t (E
.I.)
De
Nem
ours
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pha
rmac
eutic
als/
chem
ical
s 1
5 53
6d
40
319
12
672
24
726
30
441
79
000
42.8
7076
9854
Ren
ault
SA
Fra
nce
Mot
or v
ehic
les
15
444
d 4
4 41
4 1
9 82
5i
32
589
48
826
140
417
43.5
714
--
Hol
cim
AG
fS
witz
erla
ndN
on-m
etal
lic m
iner
al p
rodu
cts
15
016
16
097
7 4
54 8
170
44
613
47
362
92.9
7294
4289
Mits
ui &
Co
Ltd
Japa
nW
hole
sale
trad
e 1
4 73
3 5
0 01
3 2
5 55
3 9
6 17
4 6
308
f 3
6 11
624
.573
6650
61D
ow C
hem
ical
Com
pany
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pha
rmac
eutic
als/
chem
ical
s 1
4 50
8d
35
515
16
080
27
805
26
161
f 5
2 68
949
.474
71-
-T
hyss
enkr
upp
AG
Ger
man
yM
etal
and
met
al p
rodu
cts
14
018
31
565
15
436
33
782
88
221
193
516
45.2
7517
5422
Sto
ra E
nso
Oyj
Fin
land
Pap
er 1
3 47
1 1
8 21
4 1
1 41
5 1
2 11
1 2
9 22
1 4
4 27
578
.176
67-
-S
cott
ish
Pow
erU
nite
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ingd
omE
lect
rici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
13
186
23
269
4 5
20 9
050
6 3
49 1
5 75
849
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9856
95H
itach
i Ltd
Japa
nE
lect
rica
l & e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent
12
769
70
412
14
130
60
753
72
849
321
517
21.4
7814
529
Ast
raze
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Plc
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
12
762
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081
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ald'
s C
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ratio
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nite
d S
tate
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esta
uran
ts 1
2 75
5 2
2 53
5 8
535
14
870
251
023
395
000
59.2
8043
--
Ber
tels
man
nG
erm
any
Med
ia 1
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5 2
1 02
8 1
1 83
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7 01
5 4
8 42
6 8
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663
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3076
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emex
S.A
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exic
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onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls 1
2 64
5 1
6 28
2 4
390
6 7
30 1
7 44
9 2
5 51
970
.482
23-
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okia
Fin
land
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
12
592
d 1
9 87
0 2
7 55
7 2
7 96
3 3
5 47
0 5
7 71
674
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19-
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eed
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and
pri
ntin
g 1
2 30
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5 4
853
6 6
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4 60
077
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21W
PP
Gro
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lcU
nite
d K
ingd
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usin
ess
serv
ices
11
998
14
368
27
853
30
265
43
690
50
487
87.4
8564
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LG E
lect
roni
cs In
c.f
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epub
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fE
lect
rica
l & e
lect
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11
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304
10
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22
528
21
017
42
512
50.3
8616
7517
Dan
one
Gro
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Fra
nce
Foo
d &
bev
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1 42
9 1
5 14
6 9
950
12
972
88
285
100
560
80.0
879
8325
Pea
rson
Plc
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Med
ia 1
0 94
9d
11
646
5 1
57 6
122
23
291
29
027
86.2
8884
5970
John
son
& J
ohns
onU
nite
d S
tate
sP
harm
aceu
tical
s 1
0 89
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004
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ted
Kin
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qua
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0 85
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9 61
6 6
052
10
438
26
384
36
141
62.1
9092
7381
Mer
ck &
Co
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
10
750
d 4
4 00
7 7
803
47
716
27
700
78
100
25.4
9156
--
Am
erad
a H
ess
Cor
pora
tion
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pet
role
um e
xpl./
ref.
/dis
tr. 1
0 72
1d
15
369
3 5
89 1
3 41
3 7
560
10
838
55.4
9234
315
Bri
tish
Am
eric
an T
obac
co P
lcU
nite
d K
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bacc
o 1
0 35
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16
403
11
613
d 1
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2 5
9 35
8h
81
425
67.7
9380
--
Abb
ott L
abor
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ies
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
10
286
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3 29
6 6
036
16
285
31
537
71
426
41.8
9441
--
LVM
H M
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Hen
ness
y Lo
uis
Vui
tton
SA
Fra
nce
Luxu
ry g
oods
10
208
21
115
8 9
07 1
0 96
3 3
4 09
5 5
3 79
564
.395
100
5810
0V
eriz
on C
omm
unic
atio
nsU
nite
d S
tate
sTe
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns 1
0 15
9 1
70 7
95 2
541
i 6
7 19
0 1
0 01
2f
250
309
4.6
9679
--
Alc
oaU
nite
d S
tate
sM
etal
and
met
al p
rodu
cts
9 9
66 2
8 35
5 7
859
22
859
72
500
129
000
41.9
9799
--
Bel
l Can
ada
Ent
erpr
ises
Can
ada
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
9 9
00 3
4 16
0 2
066
14
027
11
250
75
000
19.6
9850
--
Eri
csso
n LM
Sw
eden
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
9 7
42 2
4 13
0 1
7 46
1 2
2 44
2 4
7 87
0 8
5 19
858
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9360
99M
iran
t Cor
p.U
nite
d S
tate
sE
lect
rici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
9 7
30 2
2 75
4 4
961
f 3
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2 1
600
f 1
0 00
024
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089
--
Inte
rnat
iona
l Pap
er C
ompa
nyU
nite
d S
tate
sP
aper
9 5
36 3
7 15
8 5
808
26
363
37
000
100
000
28.2
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D/E
rasm
us
Un
ive
rsity
da
tab
ase
.a
All
data
are
bas
ed o
n th
e co
mpa
nies
' ann
ual r
epor
ts u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
stat
ed.
bT
NI i
s th
e ab
brev
iatio
n fo
r "t
rans
natio
nalit
y in
dex"
. The
tran
snat
ionl
ity in
dex
is c
alcu
late
d as
the
aver
age
of th
e fo
llow
ing
thre
e ra
tios:
fore
ign
asse
ts to
tota
l ass
ets,
fore
ign
sale
s to
tota
l sal
es a
nd fo
reig
n em
ploy
men
t to
tota
l em
ploy
men
t.c
Indu
stry
cla
ssifi
catio
n fo
r co
mpa
nies
fol
low
s th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s S
tand
ard
Indu
stri
al C
lass
ifica
tion
as u
sed
by t
he U
nite
d S
tate
s S
ecur
ities
and
Exc
hang
e C
omm
issi
on (
SE
C).
dIn
a n
umbe
r of
cas
es c
ompa
nies
rep
orte
d on
ly p
artia
l for
eign
ass
ets.
In
thes
e ca
ses
the
ratio
of
the
part
ial f
orei
gn a
sset
s to
the
par
tial (
tota
l) a
sset
s w
as a
pplie
d to
tot
al a
sset
s to
cal
cula
te t
he t
otal
for
eign
ass
ets.
In
all c
ases
the
resu
lting
fig
ures
hav
e be
en s
ent
for
conf
irm
atio
n to
the
com
pani
es.
eF
orei
gn s
ales
are
bas
ed o
n th
e or
igin
of
the
sale
s un
less
oth
erw
ise
stat
ed.
fD
ata
wer
e de
rive
d fr
om t
he c
ompa
ny a
s a
resp
onse
to
an U
NC
TAD
sur
vey.
gF
orei
gn e
mpl
oym
ent
data
cal
cula
ted
by a
pply
ing
the
ratio
of
fore
ign
asse
ts a
nd t
otal
ase
ts t
o to
tal e
mpl
oym
ent.
hD
ata
for
outs
ide
Eur
ope.
iF
orei
gn s
ales
are
bas
ed o
n cu
stom
er lo
catio
n.j
In 2
001
the
com
pany
cha
nged
yea
r-en
d fr
om J
une
to D
ecem
ber.
Sal
es c
alcu
late
d by
sum
min
g th
e ha
lf ye
ar r
esul
t fo
r 20
01 a
nd 5
0% o
f 20
00/0
1 sa
les.
kD
ata
for
outs
ide
Nor
th A
mer
ica.
No
te:
Th
e li
st in
clu
de
s n
on
-fin
an
cia
l TN
Cs
on
ly.
In s
om
e c
om
pan
ies,
fo
reig
n in
vest
ors
ma
y h
old
a m
ino
rity
sh
are
of
mo
re t
ha
n 1
0 p
er
cen
t.
ANNEX A 189
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.2
. T
he
to
p 5
0 n
on
-fin
an
cia
l T
NC
s f
rom
de
ve
lop
ing
ec
on
om
ies
, ra
nk
ed
by
fo
reig
n a
ss
ets
, 2
00
1a
(Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs a
nd
nu
mb
er
of
em
plo
yee
s)
Ran
kin
g b
y
Ass
ets
Sal
es
Em
plo
ymen
t
Fo
reig
nT
NI
b
ass
ets
T
NIb
Co
rpo
ratio
nH
om
e e
con
om
yIn
du
stry
cF
ore
ignc
Tota
lF
ore
ign
eTo
tal
Fo
reig
nTo
tal
(Pe
r ce
nt)
11
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utc
his
on
Wh
am
po
a L
td.
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
, C
hin
aD
ive
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40
98
9f
55
28
16
09
211
41
55
3 4
78
77
25
36
5.6
211
Sin
gte
l L
td.
Sin
ga
po
reTe
leco
mm
un
ica
tio
ns
15
59
41
9 1
08
1 3
62
4 0
54
17
57
4g
21
53
56
5.6
39
Ce
me
x S
.A.
Me
xico
No
n-m
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ine
ral p
rod
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s1
2 6
45
16
28
24
39
06
73
01
7 4
49
25
51
97
0.4
42
2L
G E
lect
ron
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Inc.
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ore
a,
Re
pu
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Ele
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cal
& e
lect
ron
ic e
qu
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12
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00
92
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28
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01
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50
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41
Pe
tró
leo
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e V
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Ve
ne
zue
laP
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exp
l./r
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/dis
tr.
7 9
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80
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25
05
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04
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22
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Pe
tro
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tro
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Na
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lays
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35
35
91
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81
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25
72
42
2.2
74
5N
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Wo
rld
De
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pm
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t C
o.,
Ltd
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on
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ina
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ifie
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71
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53
56
52
93
38
00
26
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01
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84
Ne
ptu
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Ori
en
t L
ine
s L
td.
Sin
ga
po
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ran
spo
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sto
rag
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Ltd
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14
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Sa
msu
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cal
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In
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19
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60
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56
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43
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34
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lext
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l Ltd
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td.
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ing
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tels
2 8
70
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54
85
71
30
211
45
7g
14
33
76
3.4
18
44
Sa
msu
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on
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Re
pu
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26
Ch
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mic
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78
84
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35
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2 7
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64
15
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33
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34
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2 3
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0.7
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31
Pe
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2 1
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36
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65
11
49
55
26
00
05
5.5
32
32
Me
talu
rgic
a G
erd
au
S.A
.B
razi
lM
eta
l a
nd
me
tal
pro
du
cts
1 4
88
h4
37
99
88
d2
49
53
77
41
6 0
00
32
.43
33
9U
nit
ed
Mic
roe
lect
ron
ics
Co
rpo
rati
on
Taiw
an
Pro
vin
ce o
f C
hin
aE
lect
rica
l &
ele
ctro
nic
eq
uip
me
nt
1 4
62
9 1
40
96
62
08
11
00
78
54
32
4.7
34
40
Ke
pp
el C
orp
ora
tio
n L
td.
Sin
ga
po
reD
ive
rsif
ied
1,4
22
6 3
32
66
13
28
34
50
71
6 2
23
23
.53
51
9B
arl
ow
orl
d L
td.
So
uth
Afr
ica
Div
ers
ifie
d1
40
92
40
32
02
73
52
11
0 2
22
23
23
35
3.4
36
21
Fra
ser
& N
ea
ve L
td.
Sin
ga
po
reF
oo
d &
be
vera
ge
s1
22
94
28
29
49
1 6
60
7 9
20
f11
45
55
1.7
37
25
Sim
e D
arb
y B
erh
ad
Ma
lays
iaD
ive
rsif
ied
1 2
25
h3
29
01
911
d3
17
46
82
7f
26
38
44
1.1
38
6O
rie
nt
Ove
rse
as
Inte
rna
tio
na
l L
td.
lH
on
g K
on
g,
Ch
ina
Tra
nsp
ort
an
d s
tora
ge
1 1
70
h2
13
62
29
02
37
94
01
74
68
67
8.9
39
15
Gru
ma
S.A
. D
e C
.V.
Me
xico
Fo
od
& b
eve
rag
es
1 1
18
1 8
28
1 2
05
1 8
89
8 6
64
15
58
56
0.2
40
27
Na
spe
rs L
td.
So
uth
Afr
ica
Me
dia
97
91
47
03
32
1 0
59
1 5
23
g1
0 7
06
37
.4
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives190
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.2
. T
he
to
p 5
0 n
on
-fin
an
cia
l T
NC
s f
rom
de
ve
lop
ing
ec
on
om
ies
, ra
nk
ed
by
fo
reig
n a
ss
ets
, 2
00
1a
(Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs a
nd
nu
mb
er
of
em
plo
yee
s)
Ran
kin
g b
y
A
sset
s
Sal
es
Em
plo
ymen
t
Fo
reig
nT
NIb
ass
ets
T
NIb
Co
rpo
ratio
nH
om
e e
con
om
yIn
du
stry
cF
ore
ignc
Tota
lF
ore
ign
eTo
tal
Fo
reig
nTo
tal
(Pe
r ce
nt)
41
43
Co
pe
c -
Co
mp
an
ia D
e P
etr
ole
os
De
Ch
ileC
hile
Pe
tro
leu
m e
xpl.
/re
f./d
istr
. 9
69
6 4
32
1 1
18
3 5
77
75
4 8
36
71
8.4
42
7S
avi
a S
A D
e C
VM
exi
coD
ive
rsif
ied
96
11
58
5
63
5
68
3 5
98
3 8
08
57
5.9
43
30
Am
ste
el C
orp
ora
tio
n B
erh
ad
Ma
lays
iaD
ive
rsif
ied
95
93
17
1
58
5 1
48
0 8
08
4g
26
74
53
3.3
44
38
Joh
nn
ic H
old
ing
s L
td.
So
uth
Afr
ica
Tele
com
mu
nic
ati
on
s
83
9 2
60
6
33
6 1
68
7 2
13
8 9
40
82
4.9
45
35
Gru
po
Im
saM
exi
coM
eta
l a
nd
me
tal
pro
du
cts
8
28
3 0
41
8
24
2 2
33
4 4
57
g 1
6 3
73
30
.44
62
4G
rea
t E
ag
le H
old
ing
s L
td.
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
, C
hin
aB
usi
ne
ss s
erv
ice
s
78
1 3
72
1
17
7
34
3 1
61
3 2
65
64
4.4
47
23
De
lta
Ele
ctro
nic
s In
c.Ta
iwa
n P
rovi
nce
of
Ch
ina
Ele
ctri
cal
& e
lect
ron
ic e
qu
ipm
en
t
77
4 1
51
0
48
7 1
27
3 5
88
3 1
1 4
80
46
.94
82
9G
en
tin
g B
erh
ad
Ma
lays
iaH
ote
ls7
40
h2
69
03
06
82
95
611
g1
5 2
00
33
.84
93
6G
rup
o B
imb
o S
A D
e C
vM
exi
coF
oo
d &
be
vera
ge
s7
38
2 4
43
88
33
58
82
1 4
48
g7
1 0
00
28
.35
03
7A
dva
nce
d S
em
ico
nd
uct
or
En
gin
ee
rin
g I
nc.
Taiw
an
Pro
vin
ce o
f C
hin
aE
lect
rica
l &
ele
ctro
nic
eq
uip
me
nt
73
23
03
82
71
10
96
4 8
70
15
68
12
6.6
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D/E
rasm
us
Un
ive
rsity
da
tab
ase
.
aA
ll d
ata
is b
ase
d o
n t
he
co
mp
an
ies'
an
nu
al r
ep
ort
s u
nle
ss o
the
rwis
e s
tate
d.
bT
NI
is t
he
ab
bre
via
tion
fo
r "t
ran
sna
tion
alit
y in
de
x".
Th
e t
ran
sna
tion
lity
ind
ex
is c
alc
ula
ted
as
the
ave
rag
e o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g t
hre
e r
atio
s: f
ore
ign
ass
ets
to
to
tal
ass
ets
, fo
reig
n s
ale
s to
to
tal
sale
s a
nd
fo
reig
ne
mp
loym
en
t to
to
tal e
mp
loym
en
t.c
Ind
ust
ry c
lass
ifica
tion
fo
r co
mp
an
ies
follo
ws
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Sta
nd
ard
In
du
stri
al C
lass
ifica
tion
as
use
d b
y th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s S
ecu
ritie
s a
nd
Exc
ha
ng
e C
om
mis
sio
n (
SE
C).
dIn
a n
um
be
r o
f ca
ses
com
pa
nie
s re
po
rte
d o
nly
pa
rtia
l fo
reig
n a
sse
ts.
In t
he
se c
ase
s th
e r
atio
of
the
pa
rtia
l fo
reig
n a
sse
ts t
o t
he
pa
rtia
l (to
tal)
ass
ets
wa
s a
pp
lied
to
to
tal a
sse
ts t
o c
alc
ula
te t
he
to
tal f
ore
ign
ass
ets
. In
all
case
s, t
he
re
sulti
ng
fig
ure
s h
ave
be
en
se
nt
for
con
firm
atio
n t
o t
he
co
mpa
nie
s.e
Fo
reig
n s
ale
s a
re b
ase
d o
n t
he
ori
gin
of
the
sa
les.
In
a n
um
be
r o
f ca
ses
com
pa
nie
s re
po
rte
d o
nly
sa
les
by
de
stin
atio
n.
fD
ata
wa
s d
eri
ved
fro
m t
he
co
mpa
ny
as
a r
esp
on
se t
o a
n U
NC
TAD
su
rve
y.g
Fo
reig
n e
mp
loym
en
t d
ata
ca
lcu
late
d b
y a
pp
lyin
g t
he
ra
tio o
f fo
reig
n a
sse
ts a
nd
to
tal a
sets
to
to
tal e
mp
loym
en
t.h
Fo
reig
n a
sse
ts a
re c
alc
ula
ted
by
ap
ply
ing
th
e r
atio
of
part
ial f
ore
ign
ass
ets
an
d t
ota
l ass
ets
to
th
e b
ala
nce
to
tal a
sse
ts.
iD
ata
fo
r o
uts
ide
Ea
st a
nd
So
uth
Ea
st A
sia
.k
Da
ta f
or
ou
tsid
e M
exi
co,
Co
sta
Ric
a,
Nic
ara
gu
a a
nd
Gu
ate
ma
la.
lD
ata
fo
r o
uts
ide
Asi
a.
ANNEX A 191
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.3
. T
he
to
p 2
5 n
on
-fin
an
cia
l T
NC
s f
rom
Ce
ntr
al
an
d E
as
tern
Eu
rop
e,a
ra
nk
ed
by
fo
reig
n a
ss
ets
, 2
00
1(M
illio
ns
of
do
llars
an
d n
um
be
r o
f e
mp
loye
es)
Ran
kin
g b
y
Fo
reig
n
A
sset
s
Sal
es
Em
plo
ymen
t
TN
I b
ass
ets
TN
I b
C
orp
ora
tion
Ho
me
co
un
try
In
du
stry
Fo
reig
nTo
tal
Fo
reig
n
To
tal
F
ore
ign
Tota
l(P
er
cen
t)
11
0L
uko
il O
il C
o.
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Pe
tro
leu
m a
nd
na
tura
l ga
s5
83
0.0
15
85
9.0
8 7
71
.0d
14
89
2.0
13
00
01
40
00
03
5.0
24
No
vosh
ip C
o.
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Tra
nsp
ort
99
8.9
1 1
33
.6 3
02
.3 3
92
.1 8
56
97
65
5.5
31
La
tvia
n S
hip
pin
g C
o.
La
tvia
Tra
nsp
ort
..e
49
1.2
..e
17
2.9
1 3
13
1 7
62
77
.74
5P
liva
Gro
up
Cro
atia
Ph
arm
ace
utic
als
28
1.1
96
7.6
47
7.3
63
2.2
2 9
00
7 2
08
48
.35
25
Hrv
ats
ka E
lekt
rop
rivr
ed
a d
.d.
Cro
atia
En
erg
y 2
72
.02
35
7.0
8.0
77
5.0
-1
5 0
71
4.2
62
Pri
mo
rsk
Sh
ipp
ing
Co
.R
uss
ian
Fe
de
ratio
nT
ran
spo
rt 2
67
.3 4
37
.9 1
14
.9 1
45
.71
30
52
62
96
3.2
77
Go
ren
je G
rou
pS
love
nia
Do
me
stic
ap
plia
nce
s 2
31
.5 4
86
.1 4
75
.4 6
61
.3 6
70
8 1
86
42
.68
6K
rka
d.d
.S
love
nia
Ph
arm
ace
utic
als
19
0.8
47
6.6
23
5.4
29
6.0
59
53
52
04
5.5
91
5F
ar
Ea
ste
rn S
hip
pin
g C
o.
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Tra
nsp
ort
12
3.0
37
7.0
10
1.0
31
8.0
23
35
60
82
2.8
10
21
Me
rca
tor
d.d
.S
love
nia
Re
tail
tra
de
11
2.7
86
8.5
53
.01
17
1.5
1 2
79
13
69
28
.911
20
MO
L H
un
ga
ria
n O
il a
nd
Ga
s P
lc.
Hu
ng
ary
Pe
tro
leu
m a
nd
na
tura
l ga
s 9
5.9
3 2
43
.2 8
19
.23
85
0.0
77
61
5 2
18
9.8
12
14
Po
dra
vka
Gro
up
Cro
atia
Fo
od
an
d b
eve
rag
es/
ph
arm
ace
utic
als
69
.3 3
57
.2 1
34
.3 3
03
.5 7
90
6 8
85
25
.01
32
2P
etr
ol G
rou
pS
love
nia
Pe
tro
leu
m a
nd
na
tura
l ga
s 6
6.9
47
8.4
80
.01
12
2.8
24
1 5
72
7.5
14
3Z
ala
kerá
mia
Rt.
Hu
ng
ary
Cla
y p
rod
uct
an
d r
efr
act
ory
65
.0 1
20
.0 3
9.0
64
.01
88
92
92
15
9.9
15
19
Ric
hte
r G
ed
eo
n L
td.
Hu
ng
ary
Ph
arm
ace
utic
als
55
.9 4
96
.5 4
3.5
30
9.6
88
45
00
71
4.3
16
11M
alé
v H
un
ga
ria
n A
irlin
es
Ltd
. c
Hu
ng
ary
Tra
nsp
ort
41
.4 1
87
.0 2
99
.0 3
83
.4 4
92
95
23
3.9
17
17
Inte
reu
ropa
d.d
.S
love
nia
Tra
de
34
.0 2
00
.0 2
5.0
16
3.0
66
22
23
02
0.7
18
12
Le
k d
.d.
Slo
ven
iaP
ha
rma
ceu
tica
ls 2
8.1
33
2.4
21
9.7
28
1.2
25
22
66
33
2.0
19
24
Pe
tro
m S
A N
atio
na
l Oil
Co
.cR
om
an
iaP
etr
ole
um
an
d n
atu
ral g
as
28
.03
15
1.0
30
3.0
2 4
23
.0 1
49
77
63
04
.52
01
3C
roa
tia A
irlin
es
d.d
.C
roa
tiaT
ran
spo
rta
tion
26
.3 3
28
.4 9
0.4
14
1.8
63
97
72
6.1
21
23
Me
rku
r d
.d.
Slo
ven
iaT
rad
e 2
6.1
39
7.9
44
.8 4
36
.7 8
92
82
46
.72
29
Bu
dim
ex
Ca
pita
l Gro
up
Po
lan
dC
on
stru
ctio
n 2
3.8
37
2.6
50
.4 6
10
.01
07
61
18
93
5.0
23
8B
LR
T G
rup
p A
SE
sto
nia
Sh
ipb
uild
ing
22
.6 8
3.7
31
.5 8
3.8
1 5
21
3 4
15
36
.42
41
6Is
kra
em
eco
d.d
.S
love
nia
Ele
ctri
cal m
ach
ine
ry 1
9.0
86
.5 3
2.8
11
5.0
26
72
11
42
1.0
25
18
Tis
zai V
eg
yi K
om
bin
át
Ltd
.H
un
ga
ryC
he
mic
als
16
.64
62
.52
45
.64
89
.91
82
2 9
87
19
.9
A
vera
ge
s 3
73
.21
35
0.1
52
5.2
1 2
09
.41
25
21
3 4
09
30
.3C
ha
ng
e f
rom
20
00
(in
pe
r ce
nt)
15
.2 9
.7 8
.8 1
.6-
10
.6-
5.3
- 1
.9
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D s
urv
ey
of
top
TN
Cs
in C
en
tra
l an
d E
ast
ern
Eu
rop
e.
aB
ase
d o
n s
urv
ey
resp
on
ses.
bT
he
tra
nsn
atio
na
lity
ind
ex
(TN
I) is
ca
lcu
late
d a
s th
e a
vera
ge
of
the
fo
llow
ing
th
ree
ra
tios:
fo
reig
n a
sse
ts t
o t
ota
l ass
ets
, fo
reig
n s
ale
s to
to
tal s
ale
s a
nd
fo
reig
n e
mp
loym
en
t to
to
tal e
mp
loym
en
t.c
20
00
da
ta.
dIn
clu
din
g e
xpo
rt s
ale
s b
y th
e p
are
nt
firm
.e
Da
ta n
ot
reve
ale
d b
y th
e f
irm
; e
stim
ate
s h
ave
be
en
ma
de
usi
ng
se
con
da
ry s
ou
rce
s o
f in
form
atio
n.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives192A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
.4.
Inw
ard
FD
I fl
ow
s,
by
in
du
str
y, 1
99
9-2
00
1(B
illio
ns
of
do
llars
an
d p
erc
en
tag
e d
istr
ibu
tion
)
Valu
e in
bill
ion
dolla
rs
Per
cent
age
dist
ribut
ion
19
99-2
000
(ann
ual a
vera
ge)
200
1
199
9-20
00 (a
nnua
l ave
rage
)
2
001
Dev
elop
edD
evel
opin
gD
evel
oped
Dev
elop
ing
Dev
elop
edD
evel
opin
gD
evel
oped
Dev
elop
ing
Sect
or/in
dust
ry c
ount
ries
eco
nom
ies
Tota
la c
ount
ries
eco
nom
ies
Tota
laco
untri
es e
cono
mie
sTo
tala
cou
ntrie
s e
cono
mie
sTo
tala
Prim
ary
22.
2 1
7.8
40.
9 5
5.9
13.
0 6
9.4
2.1
8.9
3.3
10.
2 7
.6 9
.6Ag
ricul
ture
, hun
ting,
fore
stry
and
fish
ing
0.3
1.1
1.4
0.4
1.3
1.7
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.2
Min
ing,
qua
rryi
ng a
nd p
etro
leum
21.
2 1
6.2
38.
3 5
5.5
11.
7 6
7.6
2.0
8.1
3.1
10.
1 6
.9 9
.3U
nspe
cifie
d pr
imar
y 0
.7 0
.5 1
.2-
--
0.1
0.3
0.1
--
-
Seco
ndar
y 2
17.2
61.
8 2
80.5
91.
4 5
6.0
148
.8 2
1.0
30.
8 2
2.6
16.
6 3
3.0
20.
5Fo
od, b
ever
ages
and
toba
cco
7.5
3.9
12.
4 4
.8 2
.6 8
.0 0
.7 2
.0 1
.0 0
.9 1
.5 1
.1Te
xtile
s, c
loth
ing
and
leat
her
5.4
1.6
7.0
- 0.
2 0
.2-
0.5
0.8
0.6
- 0
.1-
Woo
d an
d w
ood
prod
ucts
5.9
0.4
6.4
6.3
0.3
6.7
0.6
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.9
Publ
ishi
ng, p
rintin
g an
d re
prod
uctio
n o
f rec
orde
d m
edia
5.1
- 5
.1 3
.7 0
.2 3
.9 0
.5-
0.4
0.7
0.1
0.5
Cok
e, p
etro
leum
pro
duct
s an
d nu
clea
r fue
l 3
6.1
0.3
36.
4-
1.8
0.2
- 1.
5 3
.5 0
.1 2
.9-
0.3
0.1
- 0.
2C
hem
ical
s an
d ch
emic
al p
rodu
cts
32.
6 7
.1 3
9.7
13.
3 2
.5 1
5.9
3.1
3.6
3.2
2.4
1.5
2.2
Rub
ber a
nd p
last
ic p
rodu
cts
2.3
0.2
2.5
- 0.
4 0
.2-
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
- 0.
1 0
.1-
Non
-met
allic
min
eral
pro
duct
s 4
.8 0
.5 5
.4 2
.0 0
.5 2
.5 0
.5 0
.3 0
.4 0
.4 0
.3 0
.3M
etal
and
met
al p
rodu
cts
13.
4 1
.5 1
5.0
7.0
1.3
8.5
1.3
0.8
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.2
Mac
hine
ry a
nd e
quip
men
t 3
2.9
8.6
41.
6 1
0.7
3.6
14.
6 3
.2 4
.3 3
.4 2
.0 2
.1 2
.0El
ectri
cal a
nd e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent
39.
2 9
.5 4
8.7
12.
6 4
.7 1
7.3
3.8
4.7
3.9
2.3
2.8
2.4
Prec
isio
n in
stru
men
ts 1
.3-
1.3
- 0.
4 0
.1-
0.2
0.1
- 0
.1-
0.1
0.1
-M
otor
veh
icle
s an
d ot
her t
rans
port
equi
pmen
t 1
7.0
2.8
19.
9 7
.6 1
.9 9
.5 1
.6 1
.4 1
.6 1
.4 1
.1 1
.3O
ther
man
ufac
turin
g 5
.5 2
.4 7
.9 1
3.7
1.5
15.
2 0
.5 1
.2 0
.6 2
.5 0
.9 2
.1U
nspe
cifie
d se
cond
ary
8.1
22.
9 3
1.2
12.
5 3
6.1
48.
8 0
.8 1
1.4
2.5
2.3
21.
3 6
.7
Tert
iary
734
.2 1
13.2
849
.7 3
57.4
99.
1 4
59.4
71.
0 5
6.3
68.
5 6
4.9
58.
4 6
3.3
Elec
trici
ty, g
as a
nd w
ater
16.
8 9
.7 2
6.5
5.4
6.8
12.
4 1
.6 4
.8 2
.1 1
.0 4
.0 1
.7C
onst
ruct
ion
2.5
1.9
4.4
2.0
2.3
4.4
0.2
0.9
0.4
0.4
1.3
0.6
Trad
e 5
4.4
16.
3 7
1.5
27.
1 1
2.9
40.
9 5
.3 8
.1 5
.8 4
.9 7
.6 5
.6H
otel
s an
d re
stau
rant
s 2
.7 2
.4 5
.1 2
.2 2
.7 4
.9 0
.3 1
.2 0
.4 0
.4 1
.6 0
.7Tr
ansp
ort,
stor
age
and
com
mun
icat
ions
126
.2 1
5.8
143
.0 5
2.9
20.
1 7
4.2
12.
2 7
.9 1
1.5
9.6
11.
8 1
0.2
Fina
nce
284
.8 2
4.4
309
.3 1
11.0
28.
9 1
40.3
27.
5 1
2.1
24.
9 2
0.2
17.
0 1
9.3
Busi
ness
act
iviti
es 2
13.2
33.
8 2
47.1
113
.8 1
6.9
130
.7 2
0.6
16.
8 1
9.9
20.
7 9
.9 1
8.0
Hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
vice
s 0
.2 0
.1 0
.3 0
.4 0
.1 0
.5-
0.1
- 0
.1 0
.1 0
.1C
omm
unity
, soc
ial a
nd p
erso
nal s
ervi
ce a
ctiv
ities
3.7
2.4
6.1
4.2
2.7
7.0
0.4
1.2
0.5
0.8
1.6
1.0
Oth
er s
ervi
ces
26.
3 4
.9 3
1.2
33.
6 3
.7 3
7.3
2.5
2.4
2.5
6.1
2.2
5.1
Uns
peci
fied
terti
ary
3.6
1.5
5.2
4.8
2.0
6.8
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.9
1.2
0.9
Priv
ate
buyi
ng a
nd s
ellin
g of
pro
pert
y 0
.4-
0.4
0.5
- 0
.5-
--
0.1
- 0
.1
Uns
peci
fied
60.
1 8
.1 6
8.3
45.
3 1
.7 4
7.2
5.8
4.0
5.5
8.2
1.0
6.5
Tota
l 1
034
.2 2
00.9
1 2
39.9
550
.5 1
69.8
725
.2 1
00.0
100
.0 1
00.0
100
.0 1
00.0
100
.0
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D,
FD
I d
ata
ba
se.
aIn
clu
de
s co
un
trie
s in
Ce
ntr
al a
nd
Ea
ste
rn E
uro
pe
.
No
tes:
Da
ta c
ove
r 5
0 c
ou
ntr
ies
for
wh
ich
da
ta a
re a
vaila
ble
for
19
99
, 20
00
an
d 2
00
1.
Th
ey
acc
ou
nt f
or
94
% a
nd
89
% o
f wo
rld
inw
ard
flo
ws
in 1
99
9-2
00
0 a
nd
20
01
, re
spe
ctiv
ely
. In
the
ab
sen
ce o
f act
ua
l da
ta,
ap
pro
val d
ata
we
re u
sed
in s
om
e c
ou
ntr
ies.
Fo
r o
the
r n
ote
s, p
lea
se s
ee
fig
ure
I.4
.
ANNEX A 193
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.5
. I
nw
ard
FD
I P
erf
orm
an
ce
In
de
x r
an
kin
gs
, 1
99
0-2
00
1a
Econ
omy
1988
-199
019
89-1
991
1990
-199
219
91-1
993
1992
-199
419
93-1
995
1994
-199
619
95-1
997
1996
-199
819
97-1
999
1998
-200
019
99-2
001
Alb
ania
....
7727
2229
3549
6999
8867
Alg
eria
101
9911
311
612
913
012
411
911
411
210
910
1A
ngol
a10
632
307
127
1818
92
32
Arg
entin
a36
4244
4956
5555
5061
4040
42A
rmen
ia..
..27
7411
410
299
7922
1919
38Au
stra
lia15
2437
4551
4856
5990
104
9591
Aus
tria
7780
8282
7987
7589
8693
8074
Aze
rbai
jan
....
....
116
284
11
110
33B
aham
as66
101
132
9894
6254
3339
4752
66B
ahra
in23
43
410
461
22
3643
56B
angl
ades
h10
410
712
512
512
712
613
113
013
112
512
112
5Be
laru
s..
..12
412
211
211
911
392
9477
9287
Bel
gium
and
Lux
embo
urg
86
99
1424
2526
203
11
Ben
in16
57
1743
105
9510
210
089
8482
Bol
ivia
4641
3937
3427
2010
77
1314
Bot
swan
a24
4770
136
139
138
8877
8795
104
115
Bra
zil
7889
9393
103
101
9083
6654
4537
Brun
ei D
arus
sala
m10
310
611
510
711
518
74
34
810
Bul
garia
....
103
8989
9586
6044
3027
25Bu
rkin
a Fa
so93
9811
811
410
299
100
112
120
120
117
119
Cam
eroo
n11
411
713
512
012
412
712
712
412
511
912
412
2C
anad
a35
5565
7269
7166
7567
6331
30C
hile
1016
2831
2321
1414
1515
2019
Chi
na44
5142
189
1116
2030
4351
59C
olom
bia
4045
5051
4865
5739
3861
8280
Con
go84
6572
1213
637
3162
1414
16C
ongo
, Dem
. Rep
.11
111
012
611
713
013
313
413
613
213
311
812
7C
osta
Ric
a18
2121
2631
3833
4340
5065
73C
ôte
d’Iv
oire
8086
8469
6650
4442
4553
7186
Cro
atia
....
..94
8489
6964
5038
3022
Cyp
rus
2731
4154
6379
9252
5629
2620
Cze
ch R
epub
lic..
..40
3032
3030
4037
2215
11D
enm
ark
5352
6364
4443
5984
7231
129
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lic26
3036
3839
4058
5559
3432
31E
cuad
or30
3948
3629
3438
4843
5150
35E
gypt
1428
5647
4052
7299
105
106
102
110
El S
alva
dor
8984
9997
117
115
128
126
4749
5495
Est
onia
....
5929
1915
2324
1416
1821
Eth
iopi
a99
9711
111
911
911
611
971
5762
8310
6Fi
nlan
d65
8710
095
7277
8295
9880
5549
Fran
ce43
4951
5664
6770
8088
7976
62G
abon
3311
467
133
137
139
140
140
140
140
140
139
Gam
bia
97
1422
2732
2822
2618
1612
Geo
rgia
....
....
122
121
8935
2526
3863
Ger
man
y87
8311
212
112
111
211
511
611
610
147
39G
hana
9085
9666
3639
4381
104
9089
77G
reec
e34
4854
6168
8287
103
117
121
120
113
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives194A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
.5.
In
wa
rd F
DI
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e I
nd
ex
ra
nk
ing
s,
19
90
-20
01
a
(co
nti
nu
ed
)
Econ
omy
1988
-199
019
89-1
991
1990
-199
219
91-1
993
1992
-199
419
93-1
995
1994
-199
619
95-1
997
1996
-199
819
97-1
999
1998
-200
019
99-2
001
Gua
tem
ala
2257
6463
7593
106
113
9392
9699
Gui
nea
6060
6976
108
124
123
120
121
111
111
114
Guy
ana
5833
11
11
25
821
2117
Hai
ti81
8210
411
013
613
513
513
113
412
412
212
3H
ondu
ras
3136
4646
6060
6257
7068
6155
Hon
g Ko
ng, C
hina
314
1715
814
1215
1213
23
Hun
gary
6325
168
158
1013
3244
5353
Icel
and
8581
108
124
134
132
117
100
8998
100
97In
dia
9810
311
611
311
110
710
410
511
311
611
912
0In
done
sia
5456
5759
6557
5253
8012
813
713
8Ira
n, Is
lam
ic R
ep.
112
116
129
126
131
123
132
132
137
136
134
131
Irela
nd59
3525
2535
5141
4621
94
4Is
rael
8288
9788
9281
7173
8581
7265
Italy
6479
9199
105
109
120
123
130
127
115
109
Jam
aica
2512
813
2036
3144
3535
2823
Japa
n10
510
511
712
312
812
813
313
313
613
513
012
8Jo
rdan
7691
8012
912
613
412
666
5556
3754
Kaz
akhs
tan
....
8924
3017
2117
2324
2315
Ken
ya74
6892
111
125
120
125
127
129
126
116
118
Kore
a, R
epub
lic o
f75
7794
104
113
113
118
114
111
100
9192
Kuw
ait
102
108
130
130
133
125
111
117
124
132
131
132
Kyr
gyzs
tan
....
..96
4723
2423
3333
6710
7La
tvia
....
6242
1720
1311
1323
3351
Leba
non
9495
106
108
110
114
114
107
108
105
9996
Liby
an A
rab
Jam
ahiri
ya69
7488
102
123
136
136
137
138
138
135
134
Lith
uani
a..
..10
777
8080
6851
2727
3460
Mad
agas
car
7366
7380
9911
012
212
512
811
410
189
Mal
awi
4110
213
413
510
612
913
013
513
511
512
913
3M
alay
sia
43
43
55
912
1832
4970
Mal
i86
9213
313
113
247
3941
7783
8668
Mal
ta21
1732
3226
2211
2116
105
5M
exic
o38
4452
5849
4536
3851
6779
72M
oldo
va, R
epub
lic o
f..
..13
2138
3545
3649
4829
18M
ongo
lia..
9410
279
8276
7367
7673
6248
Mor
occo
6259
6048
4564
7770
8470
9046
Moz
ambi
que
8872
6857
5454
5361
4125
2524
Mya
nmar
5734
2939
5853
3219
1937
7085
Nam
ibia
7927
1519
2831
2734
6076
6834
Nep
al97
100
110
112
118
122
121
121
127
130
132
130
Net
herla
nds
1313
2340
4241
3437
2417
98
New
Zea
land
610
1011
1112
1925
5369
5944
Nic
arag
ua96
4334
2833
3726
1610
1211
13N
iger
5663
4568
7811
896
9710
911
812
712
1N
iger
ia7
822
167
1017
2734
5881
83N
orw
ay49
6412
712
877
6361
5865
5557
69O
man
3240
5560
7394
112
122
123
123
126
129
Pak
ista
n72
6974
7583
8579
9110
610
911
411
6/..
.
ANNEX A 195
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.5
. I
nw
ard
FD
I P
erf
orm
an
ce
In
de
x r
an
kin
gs
, 1
99
0-2
00
1a (
co
nc
lud
ed
)
Econ
omy
1988
-199
019
89-1
991
1990
-199
219
91-1
993
1992
-199
419
93-1
995
1994
-199
619
95-1
997
1996
-199
819
97-1
999
1998
-200
019
99-2
001
Pan
ama
116
2931
3524
2622
95
817
32Pa
pua
New
Gui
nea
22
623
259
57
1746
4643
Par
agua
y55
5043
5352
6867
7264
7585
104
Per
u91
9610
567
2119
1529
3659
7578
Phi
lippi
nes
2846
4943
3744
4765
7885
8790
Pol
and
100
9381
6250
4240
4546
4542
47P
ortu
gal
1211
1933
4673
8085
7386
6952
Qat
ar11
090
8673
6769
4647
4274
9798
Rom
ania
....
109
103
8584
8369
5252
6475
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
....
120
109
109
108
107
104
110
107
105
108
Rw
anda
6176
9810
110
711
712
912
913
313
112
812
6Sa
udi A
rabi
a83
7376
9198
131
137
134
9594
125
135
Sen
egal
6775
8511
590
9091
7883
7194
94Si
erra
Leo
ne47
2347
132
138
137
105
101
112
129
133
117
Sin
gapo
re1
12
54
23
36
57
6S
lova
kia
....
7165
6156
6486
7984
4126
Slo
veni
a..
..83
7076
8894
9310
110
811
210
5So
uth
Afric
a10
810
911
911
812
010
610
390
103
102
113
81S
pain
1922
2434
4161
7494
9687
6041
Sri L
anka
6870
6655
5574
8582
9291
106
111
Sud
an10
911
313
112
710
110
010
811
891
7266
57S
urin
ame
117
118
1113
714
014
013
813
881
134
139
140
Sw
eden
5038
5852
5325
2928
296
67
Sw
itzer
land
2937
5390
9596
8487
6857
3536
Syria
n Ar
ab R
epub
lic51
6787
8670
7276
109
118
110
103
103
Taiw
an P
rovi
nce
of C
hina
4858
7584
9798
101
108
122
117
110
102
Tajik
ista
n..
..90
8181
5963
6882
8893
93TF
YR
Mac
edon
ia..
....
..10
411
111
612
810
297
7329
Thai
land
1719
2641
5975
7876
5442
4461
Togo
4261
9513
413
570
4863
7466
5845
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
2015
2010
64
86
411
2227
Tuni
sia
5253
3320
1833
5074
7178
7476
Turk
ey70
7178
8710
010
310
911
512
612
212
311
2U
gand
a10
711
112
878
5749
5156
6365
6358
Ukr
aine
....
6171
8697
9896
9996
9888
Uni
ted
Arab
Em
irate
s92
112
122
8393
9210
211
111
913
713
613
6U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m11
1835
5062
6665
6248
4124
28U
nite
d R
epub
lic o
f Tan
zani
a95
104
114
105
8858
4954
7560
4840
Uni
ted
Stat
es39
6279
8591
9193
9897
8278
79U
rugu
ay71
7810
192
8786
9710
611
511
310
710
0U
zbek
ista
n..
..12
310
674
104
110
110
107
103
108
84Ve
nezu
ela
3726
3844
7178
6032
3139
5671
Viet
Nam
4520
126
33
68
1120
3650
Yem
en11
554
52
213
139
139
139
139
138
137
Zam
bia
59
1814
1616
4230
2828
3964
Zim
babw
e11
311
512
110
096
8381
8858
6477
124
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D.
aT
hre
e-y
ea
r m
ovi
ng
ave
rag
e.
No
te:
Co
veri
ng
14
0 e
con
om
ies.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives196
Annex table A.I.6. Inward FDI Performance Index, by region, 1988-1990,
1993-1995, 1998-2000 and 1999-2001a
Region 1988-1990 1993-1995 1998-2000 1999-2001
World 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Developed countries 1.03 0.76 0.99 1.00
Western Europe 1.33 1.11 1.62 1.77European Union 1.33 1.12 1.63 1.80Other Western Europe 1.33 0.95 1.37 1.29
North America 1.13 0.77 0.86 0.78Other developed countries 0.29 0.20 0.12 0.12
Developing countries 0.99 1.98 1.04 1.01Africa 0.80 1.11 0.52 0.67
North Africa 0.85 1.05 0.39 0.47Other Africa 0.76 1.15 0.62 0.82
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.90 1.62 1.42 1.41South America 0.74 1.21 1.33 1.31Other Latin America and the Caribbean 1.26 2.57 1.60 1.59
Asia 1.06 2.30 0.92 0.87West Asia 0.27 0.36 0.14 0.11Central Asia .. 2.93 1.53 1.63South, East and South-East Asia 1.31 2.70 1.08 1.02 East and South-East Asia 1.74 3.22 1.30 1.22 South Asia 0.11 0.41 0.16 0.16
The Pacific 4.49 4.22 0.75 0.58Central and Eastern Europe 1.02b 1.31 1.01 0.99
Source: UNCTAD.
a Three-year average. b 1992-1994. As most of the countries in this region did not exist in their present form before 1992, the period for the index is adjusted.
ANNEX A 197
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.7
. R
aw
da
ta a
nd
sc
ore
s f
or
the
va
ria
ble
s i
nc
lud
ed
in
th
e U
NC
TA
D I
nw
ard
FD
I P
ote
nti
al
Ind
ex
, 1
99
9-2
00
1
Im
ports
of p
arts
/
S
tude
nts
Exp
orts
of
acc
esso
ries
of
C
omm
erci
al
R
&D
in th
e
natu
ral
e
lect
roni
cs a
nd
Expo
rts in
Inw
ard
R
eal G
DP
grow
th
G
DP
per c
apita
Tota
l exp
orts
Tel
epho
ne m
ainl
ines
Mob
ile p
hone
s
ener
gy u
se
e
xpen
ditu
res
te
rtiar
y le
vel
Cou
ntry
risk
r
esou
rces
aut
omob
iles
serv
ices
F
DI s
tock
Aver
age
As
of
19
91-2
001
Aver
age
1999
-200
1
199
9
Dec
embe
r 200
1
Ave
rage
199
9-20
01Pe
rPe
rAs
a %
As a
As a
As a
As a
1000
1000
of t
otal
Com
po-
% o
f %
of
% o
f %
of
Scor
eSc
ore
As %
Scor
ein
habi
-Sc
ore
inha
bi-
Scor
ePe
rSc
ore
As %
Scor
e p
opu-
Scor
esi
te ri
skSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
Econ
omy
%0-
1D
olla
rs0-
1of
GD
P0-
1 ta
nts
0-1
tant
s 0
-1ca
pita
0-1
of G
DP
0-1
latio
n0-
1ra
ting
0-1
tota
l0-
1 T
otal
0-1
tota
l0-
1to
tal
0-1
Alba
nia
5.4
0.74
81
226.
40.
031
18.0
0.06
741
.73
0.05
732
.88
0.04
2 5
14.1
0.01
4..
..1.
290.
207
62.5
0.43
90.
000.
000
0.0
10.
000
0.03
0.00
10.
010.
004
Alge
ria2.
30.
561
1 70
2.4
0.04
437
.60.
185
57.2
80.
078
2.82
0.00
3 9
56.8
0.03
1..
..1.
520.
245
62.3
0.43
62.
400.
267
0.0
30.
002
0.08
0.00
40.
060.
007
Ango
la3.
10.
610
608
.10.
014
85.4
0.47
35.
510.
007
3.43
0.00
4 5
88.4
0.01
7..
..0.
060.
005
50.5
0.21
50.
820.
091
--
0.01
0.00
10.
140.
011
Arge
ntin
a2.
90.
598
7 53
1.3
0.20
510
.70.
023
215.
040.
296
160.
840.
208
1 67
4.4
0.05
90.
450.
118
4.38
0.71
564
.80.
482
0.73
0.08
2 0
.43
0.02
30.
300.
016
1.18
0.06
4Ar
men
ia1.
60.
520
517
.30.
011
23.3
0.09
814
9.01
0.20
54.
560.
006
513
.70.
014
....
1.00
0.15
959
.80.
389
0.01
0.00
1 0
.00
0.00
00.
010.
000
0.01
0.00
4Au
stra
lia4.
10.
666
19 9
15.1
0.54
620
.70.
083
519.
610.
715
452.
170.
585
5 71
0.8
0.21
41.
510.
397
4.52
0.73
981
.50.
794
3.61
0.40
1 0
.90
0.04
91.
180.
065
1.87
0.10
0Au
stria
2.2
0.55
424
332
.80.
668
49.4
0.25
647
0.78
0.64
869
8.79
0.90
43
527.
30.
130
1.81
0.47
73.
190.
521
86.5
0.88
80.
370.
041
1.0
40.
057
2.20
0.12
10.
500.
029
Azer
baija
n-3
.00.
247
643
.10.
015
36.6
0.17
910
3.21
0.14
261
.16
0.07
91
526.
00.
053
0.24
0.06
21.
910.
309
68.5
0.55
10.
230.
025
0.0
10.
000
0.02
0.00
10.
060.
007
Baha
mas
2.4
0.56
815
184
.70.
416
54.3
0.28
538
1.42
0.52
511
7.60
0.15
2..
....
..2.
200.
358
76.0
0.69
20.
010.
001
0.0
10.
000
0.13
0.00
70.
030.
005
Bahr
ain
4.2
0.67
711
728
.50.
320
82.0
0.45
324
8.30
0.34
130
8.70
0.39
99
574.
20.
363
....
1.86
0.30
178
.50.
738
0.70
0.07
7 0
.02
0.00
10.
060.
003
0.10
0.00
9Ba
ngla
desh
5.0
0.72
0 3
32.0
0.00
614
.10.
043
3.78
0.00
52.
430.
003
140
.40.
000
....
0.57
0.08
960
.50.
402
0.00
0.00
0-
-0.
020.
001
0.02
0.00
5Be
laru
s0.
00.
428
1 13
7.1
0.02
964
.70.
348
268.
120.
369
6.86
0.00
92
406.
40.
087
1.09
0.28
73.
670.
599
61.3
0.41
70.
170.
019
0.0
30.
002
0.06
0.00
30.
020.
005
Belg
ium
and
Lux
embo
urg
2.5
0.57
323
852
.20.
654
87.2
0.48
462
8.20
0.86
561
2.01
0.79
26
998.
30.
264
1.96
0.51
63.
390.
552
87.9
0.91
41.
880.
209
2.3
10.
126
2.94
0.16
13.
230.
169
Beni
n4.
90.
714
364
.30.
007
27.5
0.12
48.
320.
011
9.91
0.01
3 3
73.1
0.00
9..
..0.
320.
047
....
0.00
0.00
0 0
.00
0.00
00.
010.
001
0.01
0.00
4Bo
livia
3.7
0.64
6 9
84.7
0.02
417
.70.
065
61.7
80.
085
71.8
20.
093
587
.00.
017
0.29
0.07
73.
100.
506
66.3
0.51
00.
070.
008
0.0
10.
001
0.02
0.00
10.
090.
008
Bots
wan
a5.
40.
743
3 25
7.7
0.08
753
.20.
279
84.1
40.
115
120.
540.
156
....
....
0.40
0.06
078
.50.
738
0.05
0.00
5 0
.01
0.00
10.
030.
001
0.03
0.00
5Br
azil
2.9
0.59
73
181.
10.
085
11.5
0.02
818
2.89
0.25
113
1.11
0.17
01
073.
80.
036
0.77
0.20
21.
460.
236
62.5
0.43
90.
970.
107
1.0
50.
057
0.57
0.03
13.
240.
170
Brun
ei D
arus
sala
m2.
20.
555
15 1
77.7
0.41
5..
..25
1.67
0.34
630
1.17
0.39
05
235.
00.
196
....
1.15
0.18
588
.30.
921
0.24
0.02
7-
-..
..0.
060.
007
Bulg
aria
-0.7
0.38
61
617.
10.
042
52.6
0.27
635
1.76
0.48
410
8.01
0.14
02
258.
40.
082
0.57
0.15
03.
160.
515
72.3
0.62
20.
130.
014
0.0
20.
001
0.15
0.00
80.
050.
006
Burk
ina
Faso
4.3
0.68
3 2
02.7
0.00
311
.20.
025
4.54
0.00
63.
030.
004
....
0.19
0.05
10.
080.
009
60.5
0.40
20.
000.
000
0.0
00.
000
0.00
0.00
00.
000.
004
Cam
eroo
n2.
80.
590
606
.60.
014
28.5
0.13
06.
460.
008
10.2
00.
013
423
.20.
011
....
0.45
0.06
964
.00.
467
0.14
0.01
5 0
.01
0.00
00.
030.
001
0.02
0.00
5C
anad
a3.
50.
631
22 4
16.5
0.61
544
.10.
224
677.
350.
932
294.
150.
381
8 06
2.4
0.30
51.
820.
479
3.96
0.64
684
.80.
856
6.43
0.71
3 6
.22
0.34
12.
520.
138
3.29
0.17
2C
hile
5.9
0.77
74
595.
90.
124
32.7
0.15
522
0.26
0.30
323
8.49
0.30
91
644.
30.
058
0.54
0.14
33.
000.
489
76.3
0.69
71.
170.
130
0.1
20.
007
0.27
0.01
50.
760.
043
Chi
na9.
71.
000
852
.50.
021
24.4
0.10
511
1.67
0.15
370
.11
0.09
1 8
98.5
0.02
90.
920.
240
0.58
0.09
174
.30.
660
1.73
0.19
2 4
.26
0.23
32.
030.
112
5.87
0.30
4C
olom
bia
2.5
0.57
61
983.
70.
052
19.2
0.07
416
6.90
0.22
958
.97
0.07
6 6
78.3
0.02
10.
240.
063
2.11
0.34
358
.80.
370
0.77
0.08
5 0
.08
0.00
40.
140.
007
0.23
0.01
6C
ongo
1.4
0.51
2 8
94.5
0.02
283
.90.
464
7.38
0.01
024
.58
0.03
2 2
70.8
0.00
5..
..0.
550.
085
57.5
0.34
60.
260.
029
--
0.01
0.00
00.
030.
006
Con
go, D
em. R
ep.
-4.3
0.17
4 1
13.3
0.00
016
.40.
057
0.36
0.00
01.
130.
001
292
.60.
006
....
0.12
0.01
550
.30.
211
0.02
0.00
3-
-..
..0.
010.
004
Cos
ta R
ica
5.1
0.72
63
978.
00.
107
47.4
0.24
421
9.05
0.30
154
.00
0.07
0 8
39.7
0.02
70.
200.
052
2.72
0.44
374
.00.
654
0.01
0.00
1 0
.05
0.00
30.
110.
006
0.09
0.00
8C
ôte
d’Iv
oire
3.4
0.62
8 6
18.7
0.01
445
.30.
231
16.9
30.
023
31.4
20.
040
430
.10.
011
....
0.68
0.10
657
.50.
346
0.09
0.01
0 0
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0.00
00.
030.
002
0.06
0.00
7C
roat
ia2.
70.
585
4 25
1.1
0.11
444
.10.
224
371.
590.
511
224.
620.
291
1 80
5.4
0.06
40.
980.
257
3.55
0.57
975
.00.
673
0.08
0.00
9 0
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0.00
20.
290.
016
0.06
0.00
7C
ypru
s4.
20.
675
11 4
98.6
0.31
446
.20.
237
635.
740.
875
333.
950.
432
3 12
9.1
0.11
50.
250.
065
1.34
0.21
580
.00.
766
0.01
0.00
1 0
.03
0.00
10.
210.
011
0.06
0.00
7C
zech
Rep
ublic
1.9
0.53
65
281.
20.
143
67.4
0.36
537
4.01
0.51
542
8.89
0.55
53
825.
00.
142
1.30
0.34
22.
470.
402
75.8
0.68
80.
220.
024
0.5
00.
027
0.48
0.02
60.
370.
023
Den
mar
k2.
60.
578
31 2
09.5
0.85
742
.10.
212
707.
210.
974
621.
210.
804
3 69
8.7
0.13
72.
090.
550
3.58
0.58
487
.30.
903
0.49
0.05
4 0
.49
0.02
71.
660.
091
0.97
0.05
3D
omin
ican
Rep
ublic
6.3
0.79
82
388.
60.
063
43.3
0.21
910
4.53
0.14
393
.26
0.12
1 9
18.2
0.03
0..
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220.
361
70.3
0.58
50.
000.
000
--
0.19
0.01
10.
090.
008
Ecua
dor
1.5
0.51
41
320.
20.
034
33.8
0.16
298
.25
0.13
545
.24
0.05
8 6
72.8
0.02
00.
090.
024
2.01
0.32
660
.80.
407
0.29
0.03
2 0
.02
0.00
10.
060.
003
0.12
0.01
0Eg
ypt
4.7
0.70
41
364.
30.
035
16.3
0.05
688
.34
0.12
124
.14
0.03
1 7
14.9
0.02
20.
190.
050
3.71
0.60
568
.80.
557
0.32
0.03
5 0
.09
0.00
50.
650.
036
0.32
0.02
1El
Sal
vado
r4.
30.
682
2 08
7.9
0.05
527
.10.
121
88.1
20.
121
106.
940.
138
643
.80.
019
2.20
0.57
71.
960.
318
73.5
0.64
50.
010.
002
0.0
20.
001
0.04
0.00
20.
030.
006
Esto
nia
1.6
0.52
23
771.
90.
101
87.6
0.48
635
7.57
0.49
237
0.24
0.47
93
332.
50.
123
0.76
0.20
03.
800.
620
75.0
0.67
30.
050.
005
0.0
90.
005
0.11
0.00
60.
050.
006
Ethi
opia
5.3
0.73
9 1
02.0
0.00
014
.70.
047
3.70
0.00
50.
270.
000
290
.80.
006
....
0.11
0.01
360
.50.
402
0.00
0.00
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives198A
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land
3.2
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830
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5.94
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arag
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way
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an3.
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3.5
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ma
3.5
0.63
03
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10.
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73.1
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4.56
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371
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607
0.01
0.00
1 0
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0.00
10.
120.
007
0.12
0.01
0 /...
ANNEX A 199
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.7
. R
aw
da
ta a
nd
sc
ore
s f
or
the
va
ria
ble
s i
nc
lud
ed
in
th
e U
NC
TA
D I
nw
ard
FD
I P
ote
nti
al
Ind
ex
, 1
99
9-2
00
1(c
on
clu
de
d)
Im
ports
of p
arts
/
S
tude
nts
Exp
orts
of
acc
esso
ries
of
C
omm
erci
al
R&D
in
the
na
tura
l
ele
ctro
nics
and
Ex
ports
in
I
nwar
d
Rea
l GD
P gr
owth
G
DP
per c
apita
T
otal
exp
orts
Te
leph
one
mai
nlin
es
M
obile
pho
nes
ener
gy u
se
exp
endi
ture
s
terti
ary
leve
l
C
ount
ry ri
sk
re
sour
ces
a
utom
obile
s
s
ervi
ces
FDI s
tock
Ave
rage
As
of
1
991-
2001
Aver
age
1999
-200
1
199
9
D
ecem
ber 2
001
A
vera
ge 1
999-
2001
Per
Per
As a
%As
aAs
aAs
aAs
a10
0010
00 o
f tot
alC
ompo
-%
of
% o
f %
of
% o
f
Scor
e S
core
As %
Scor
ein
habi
-Sc
ore
inha
bi-
Scor
ePe
rSc
ore
As %
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e p
opu-
Scor
esi
te ri
skSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
wor
ldSc
ore
Econ
omy
%
0-1
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lars
0-1
of G
DP
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tant
s0-
1 ta
nts
0-1
capi
ta0-
1 o
f GD
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tion
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g0-
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a N
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010.
005
Vene
zuel
a1.
10.
489
4 81
5.8
0.13
024
.20.
104
107.
250.
147
216.
160.
280
2 41
3.6
0.08
80.
330.
087
2.82
0.45
966
.80.
520
3.35
0.37
2 0
.10
0.00
50.
080.
004
0.45
0.02
7Vi
et N
am7.
20.
851
395
.50.
008
53.4
0.28
032
.05
0.04
49.
830.
012
462
.50.
012
....
0.93
0.14
869
.50.
570
0.45
0.05
0-
-0.
180.
010
0.24
0.01
6Ye
men
5.9
0.77
7 4
65.0
0.01
042
.00.
211
19.0
80.
026
3.76
0.00
5 2
02.7
0.00
2..
..0.
970.
155
65.3
0.49
20.
430.
048
--
0.01
0.00
10.
020.
005
Zam
bia
1.0
0.48
4 3
19.3
0.00
627
.90.
126
8.38
0.01
18.
000.
010
618
.60.
018
....
0.13
0.01
753
.50.
271
0.09
0.01
0 0
.01
0.00
00.
010.
000
0.04
0.00
6Zi
mba
bwe
1.8
0.53
5 5
72.7
0.01
332
.50.
154
19.2
30.
026
20.7
00.
027
836
.40.
027
....
0.37
0.05
639
.00.
000
0.04
0.00
4 0
.00
0.00
00.
050.
003
0.02
0.00
5
Sou
rces
:U
NC
TAD
, bas
ed o
n da
ta fr
om th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d IM
F (
real
GD
P g
row
th);
UN
CTA
D (
GD
P p
er c
apita
, exp
orts
); W
orld
Ban
k, W
DI o
nlin
e (t
elep
hone
mai
nlin
es, m
obile
pho
nes,
com
mer
cial
ene
rgy
use,
R&
Dex
pend
iture
s);
UN
ES
CO
(st
uden
ts in
the
tert
iary
leve
l); t
he P
RS
Gro
up/I
nter
natio
nal c
ount
ry r
isk
guid
e (c
ount
ry r
isk)
; Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Sta
tistic
s D
ivis
ion,
DE
SA
and
CO
MT
RA
DE
dat
abas
e (e
xpor
ts o
f nat
ural
reso
urce
s, im
port
s of
par
ts a
nd a
cces
sori
es o
f ele
ctro
nics
and
aut
omob
iles
and
expo
rts
in s
ervi
ces)
; UN
CTA
D F
DI d
atab
ase
(inw
ard
FD
I sto
ck).
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives200A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
.8.
In
wa
rd F
DI
Po
ten
tia
l In
de
x r
an
kin
gs
, 1
99
0-2
00
1a
Econ
omy
1988
-199
019
89-1
991
1990
-199
219
91-1
993
1992
-199
419
93-1
995
1994
-199
619
95-1
997
1996
-199
819
97-1
999
1998
-200
019
99-2
001
Alb
ania
....
123
121
118
123
120
131
124
109
103
97A
lger
ia53
6179
8791
9693
8989
9183
81A
ngol
a75
8410
612
212
210
911
712
511
612
410
810
5A
rgen
tina
5958
5348
4550
4746
4346
4751
Arm
enia
....
127
131
120
116
127
123
129
125
126
118
Aust
ralia
1414
1310
1112
1212
1516
1921
Aus
tria
1919
2019
1818
1820
2124
2322
Aze
rbai
jan
....
....
134
131
133
130
130
131
118
106
Bah
amas
2831
3231
3336
3535
3637
3739
Bah
rain
2628
3029
2930
3030
3133
3431
Ban
glad
esh
105
103
113
101
107
118
110
111
111
113
110
121
Bel
arus
....
2832
3171
7266
6868
6463
Belg
ium
and
Lux
embo
urg
1010
911
1011
1011
99
98
Ben
in11
111
212
913
213
513
513
213
213
413
313
213
2B
oliv
ia81
7792
9590
9090
8379
7880
82B
otsw
ana
3232
4847
4649
5052
6055
5859
Bra
zil
4848
6969
7174
7171
7473
7071
Brun
ei D
arus
sala
m30
3023
2627
2828
2828
2831
32B
ulga
ria..
..42
5360
4859
7458
6368
64Bu
rkin
a Fa
so94
9811
411
011
612
111
912
411
811
011
512
5C
amer
oon
7999
119
124
131
130
129
127
119
118
122
115
Can
ada
22
22
22
22
54
55
Chi
le41
4147
4341
4039
3944
4444
45C
hina
4543
5256
5955
4541
4242
4240
Col
ombi
a58
5671
7180
8686
100
9089
8694
Con
go73
8511
211
410
510
610
012
610
810
810
210
4C
ongo
, Dem
. Rep
.10
311
113
113
713
913
913
913
913
913
813
913
9C
osta
Ric
a50
4755
5454
5857
5759
5657
60C
ôte
d’Iv
oire
9694
102
107
111
112
104
105
9896
109
110
Cro
atia
....
..11
710
682
8077
5753
5146
Cyp
rus
3333
3737
3837
3738
3941
4142
Cze
ch R
epub
lic..
..58
5048
3940
4040
3938
37D
enm
ark
1616
1415
1616
1616
1615
1616
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lic66
6873
6766
6765
5966
6259
65E
cuad
or69
7283
8586
9597
9095
103
104
103
Egy
pt67
6588
8279
8587
8769
7171
70El
Sal
vado
r80
7586
7673
5152
4751
5455
54E
ston
ia..
..76
9083
6560
5547
4039
38E
thio
pia
114
117
135
129
128
125
122
112
126
126
120
124
Finl
and
99
1114
1515
1414
1210
1010
Fran
ce7
75
56
79
910
1212
14G
abon
6063
8077
8479
7969
7676
8277
Gam
bia
6366
8474
9397
8882
8585
8787
Geo
rgia
....
....
129
133
137
137
137
136
135
131
Ger
man
y4
44
43
35
66
76
6G
hana
9188
100
100
103
110
111
110
109
114
116
113
Gre
ece
3434
3438
3938
3837
3535
3636
/...
ANNEX A 201
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.8
. I
nw
ard
FD
I P
ote
nti
al
Ind
ex
ra
nk
ing
s,
19
90
-20
01
a (
co
nti
nu
ed
)
Econ
omy
1988
-199
019
89-1
991
1990
-199
219
91-1
993
1992
-199
419
93-1
995
1994
-199
619
95-1
997
1996
-199
819
97-1
999
1998
-200
019
99-2
001
Gua
tem
ala
102
100
108
108
108
108
105
102
103
102
100
101
Gui
nea
8990
104
105
109
115
115
113
105
106
111
111
Guy
ana
101
101
9489
7061
5556
5658
6062
Hai
ti11
511
513
213
313
613
613
613
513
513
513
613
5H
ondu
ras
8379
9697
9999
101
9994
9094
96H
ong
Kong
, Chi
na17
1718
1613
1313
1313
1313
13H
unga
ry47
5063
6363
5754
5448
4545
41Ic
elan
d15
1517
1820
1921
1919
1918
17In
dia
7271
9794
9593
8492
8887
9184
Indo
nesi
a42
4454
5153
6058
7291
8485
92Ira
n, Is
lam
ic R
ep.
5146
5149
4956
5661
6777
7274
Irela
nd24
2429
2828
2219
1818
1815
11Is
rael
2726
3130
3026
2625
2421
2223
Italy
1818
1920
1923
2222
2525
2526
Jam
aica
6162
7472
6566
7068
7274
8178
Japa
n12
1212
98
87
711
1111
12Jo
rdan
6569
6868
6462
6260
6265
6768
Kaz
akhs
tan
....
6175
8592
9897
9697
9383
Ken
ya84
8910
110
410
210
110
311
411
412
312
312
7Ko
rea,
Rep
ublic
of
2020
2624
2117
1717
1717
1718
Kuw
ait
4649
4040
3232
3231
3434
2928
Kyrg
yzst
an..
....
126
133
134
134
134
132
132
130
128
Latv
ia..
..43
6689
8791
8671
6663
55Le
bano
n85
8060
5255
7769
6453
5050
58Li
byan
Ara
b Ja
mah
iriya
5551
4645
5163
6670
4547
4647
Lith
uani
a..
..70
9192
8985
8161
6061
56M
adag
asca
r99
102
122
119
126
127
126
120
113
117
114
114
Mal
awi
8891
103
109
115
111
107
104
106
104
112
120
Mal
aysi
a38
3639
3937
3131
3232
2932
33M
ali
106
107
120
113
114
119
113
108
102
9910
511
7M
alta
3539
3835
3633
3334
3838
4044
Mex
ico
4445
4441
4253
5150
5252
4849
Mol
dova
, Rep
ublic
of
....
3536
4046
9698
107
120
125
109
Mon
golia
..57
9192
8884
7678
7367
6669
Mor
occo
7174
8180
7791
9296
9292
9693
Moz
ambi
que
112
110
126
127
127
129
130
133
122
122
124
108
Mya
nmar
117
118
128
130
132
126
125
115
115
111
106
100
Nam
ibia
8782
9086
7476
6867
7775
7779
Nep
al10
910
812
512
813
013
213
112
913
313
413
413
3N
ethe
rland
s8
88
79
1011
108
88
9N
ew Z
eala
nd23
2525
2524
2527
2727
2727
27N
icar
agua
9597
116
123
121
120
121
119
123
115
113
112
Nig
er10
810
912
112
012
512
812
812
812
812
111
912
6N
iger
ia68
6077
8387
9899
9193
9389
89N
orw
ay5
56
65
54
43
54
3O
man
3638
4546
4752
4951
5559
5650
Pak
ista
n92
8710
710
310
111
310
911
712
512
812
912
9/..
.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives202A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
.8.
In
wa
rd F
DI
Po
ten
tia
l In
de
x r
an
kin
gs
, 1
99
0-2
00
1a (
co
nc
lud
ed
)
Econ
omy
1988
-199
019
89-1
991
1990
-199
219
91-1
993
1992
-199
419
93-1
995
1994
-199
619
95-1
997
1996
-199
819
97-1
999
1998
-200
019
99-2
001
Pan
ama
5455
6755
5042
4442
4648
5253
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a77
7893
8875
7067
7680
8384
98P
arag
uay
7067
7573
7883
8385
9998
9910
7P
eru
7883
9598
9494
9588
8382
7980
Phi
lippi
nes
7676
7870
7268
6158
6461
6966
Pol
and
4952
5957
5654
5353
4143
4343
Por
tuga
l39
3536
3434
3534
3333
3233
34Q
atar
2222
1617
1720
2424
2222
2120
Rom
ania
....
8593
9788
8910
197
101
9891
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
....
3333
3534
3636
3736
3535
Rw
anda
113
116
130
135
140
140
140
140
140
139
138
138
Saud
i Ara
bia
3127
2221
2529
2929
2931
2830
Sen
egal
9396
117
118
124
122
123
122
120
119
117
119
Sier
ra L
eone
107
113
133
134
137
138
135
138
138
140
140
140
Sin
gapo
re13
1315
137
43
32
22
2S
lova
kia
....
6262
6147
4848
4949
4948
Slo
veni
a..
..89
7869
4342
4330
3030
29So
uth
Afric
a52
5357
6158
5963
6275
7073
72S
pain
2523
2122
2627
2526
2626
2625
Sri L
anka
9792
115
111
104
105
106
106
104
107
107
116
Sud
an11
611
413
413
613
813
713
813
613
113
012
712
3S
urin
ame
4342
6464
5745
4345
6579
7676
Sw
eden
66
78
129
88
76
77
Sw
itzer
land
1111
1012
1414
1515
1414
1415
Syria
n Ar
ab R
epub
lic74
7387
8176
7373
7381
8890
90Ta
iwan
Pro
vinc
e of
Chi
na21
2127
2322
2123
2323
2020
19Ta
jikis
tan
....
105
116
119
103
116
121
136
137
137
136
TFYR
Mac
edon
ia..
....
..11
010
411
210
911
010
510
110
2Th
aila
nd40
4050
4444
4141
4950
5153
52To
go90
9511
812
512
312
411
894
112
116
121
122
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
5764
7279
8280
7865
7069
6561
Tuni
sia
6470
8284
8178
7775
7872
7473
Turk
ey62
5965
5868
7574
8082
8178
86U
gand
a10
410
612
411
511
310
710
210
310
095
9599
Ukr
aine
....
4965
6764
7579
8486
8885
Uni
ted
Arab
Em
irate
s29
2924
2723
2420
2120
2324
24U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m3
33
34
66
54
33
4U
nite
d R
epub
lic o
f Tan
zani
a98
9310
910
611
211
411
411
812
112
912
813
0U
nite
d St
ates
11
11
11
11
11
11
Uru
guay
5654
6660
6269
6463
6364
6267
Uzb
ekis
tan
....
5659
5272
9495
101
100
9795
Vene
zuel
a37
3741
4243
4446
4454
5754
57Vi
et N
am86
8611
110
210
010
081
8487
8075
75Ye
men
110
104
9896
9681
8293
8694
9288
Zam
bia
100
105
110
112
117
117
124
116
127
127
131
134
Zim
babw
e82
8199
9998
102
108
107
117
112
133
137
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D.
aT
hre
e-y
ea
r m
ovi
ng
ave
rag
e.
No
te:
Co
veri
ng
14
0 e
con
om
ies
an
d b
ase
d o
n 1
2 e
con
om
ic a
nd
po
licy
vari
ab
les.
ANNEX A 203
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.9
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
A d
ea
ls w
ith
va
lue
s o
f o
ve
r $
1 b
illi
on
co
mp
lete
d i
n 2
00
2
Valu
eR
ank
($ b
illio
n)Ac
quire
d co
mpa
nyH
ost e
cono
my
Indu
stry
of t
he a
cqui
red
com
pany
Acqu
iring
com
pany
Hom
e ec
onom
yIn
dust
ry o
f the
acq
uirin
g co
mpa
ny
1 1
0.7
US
A N
etw
orks
Inc-
Ent A
sts
Uni
ted
Stat
esTe
levi
sion
bro
adca
stin
g st
atio
nsVi
vend
i Uni
vers
al S
AFr
ance
Tele
phon
e co
mm
unic
atio
ns,
exce
pt ra
diot
elep
hone
2 8
.3AO
L Eu
rope
, AO
L Au
stra
liaG
erm
any
Info
rmat
ion
retri
eval
ser
vice
sAm
eric
a O
nlin
e In
cU
nite
d St
ates
Info
rmat
ion
retri
eval
ser
vice
s3
8.0
Nia
gara
Moh
awk
Hol
ding
s In
cU
nite
d St
ates
Elec
tric
serv
ices
Nat
iona
l Grid
Gro
up P
LCU
nite
d Ki
ngdo
mEl
ectri
c se
rvic
es4
7.4
Wes
tcoa
st E
nerg
y In
cC
anad
aN
atur
al g
as tr
ansm
issi
on a
nd d
istri
butio
nD
uke
Ener
gy C
orp
Uni
ted
Stat
esEl
ectri
c an
d ot
her s
ervi
ces
com
bine
d5
7.4
Inno
gy H
oldi
ngs
PLC
Uni
ted
King
dom
Elec
tric
serv
ices
RW
E AG
Ger
man
yEl
ectri
c an
d ot
her s
ervi
ces
com
bine
d6
7.4
Pow
erG
en P
LCU
nite
d Ki
ngdo
mEl
ectri
c se
rvic
esE
ON
AG
Ger
man
yEl
ectri
c se
rvic
es7
6.6
Aven
tis C
ropS
cien
ce H
ldg
SAFr
ance
Pest
icid
es a
nd a
gric
ultu
ral c
hem
ical
s, n
ecBa
yer A
GG
erm
any
Med
icin
al c
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vest
or G
roup
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ted
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dom
Inve
stor
s, n
ecex
cept
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81 1
.0Am
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am B
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eden
Biol
ogic
al p
rodu
cts,
exc
ept d
iagn
ostic
Amer
sham
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Uni
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Biol
ogic
al p
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exc
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subs
tanc
essu
bsta
nces
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D,
cro
ss-b
ord
er
M&
A d
ata
ba
se.
No
te:
Ho
st a
nd
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me
eco
no
mie
s re
pre
sen
t th
e im
me
dia
te p
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ne
r e
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an
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. Th
us,
for
the
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the
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are
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he
refo
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s cr
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volv
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of
an
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uity
sta
ke o
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ore
th
an
10
%.
ANNEX A 205
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.I.1
0.
Gro
ss
FD
Ia o
utf
low
s a
nd
div
es
tme
nt
in F
ran
ce
, G
erm
an
y, t
he
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
m a
nd
th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes
, 1
98
3-2
00
2 (
Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs a
nd
pe
r ce
nt)
Fran
ceG
erm
any
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Div
estm
ent a
sD
ives
tmen
t as
Div
estm
ent a
sD
ives
tmen
t as
perc
enta
ge o
fpe
rcen
tage
of
perc
enta
ge o
fpe
rcen
tage
of
Year
Gro
ss F
DI b
Div
estm
ent b
gro
ss F
DI
Gro
ss F
DI
Div
estm
ent
gro
ss F
DI
Gro
ss F
DI
Div
estm
ent
gros
s FD
IG
ross
FD
ID
ives
tmen
tgr
oss
FDI
1983
....
....
....
5 30
21
008
19
21 1
8811
663
55
1984
....
....
....
7 73
31
631
21
31 5
3618
491
59
1985
....
....
....
11 0
682
251
20
24 0
2710
639
44
1986
....
....
....
17 2
942
140
12
27 2
297
588
28
1987
....
....
....
31 3
094
309
14
43 9
4013
786
31
1988
....
....
....
37 2
065
911
16
34 9
9416
395
47
1989
....
....
....
35 1
645
692
16
65 3
6527
761
42
1990
....
....
....
17 9
485
647
31
52 3
1021
328
41
1991
29 6
364
504
15
....
..16
409
6 26
8 3
845
991
13 2
95 2
919
9236
364
5 95
8 1
626
971
8 37
2 3
117
739
6 57
6 3
754
554
11 9
07 2
219
9325
296
5 56
3 2
222
474
5 27
8 2
326
033
6 73
4 2
689
610
12 3
63 1
419
9432
616
8 24
3 2
526
006
7 14
6 2
732
199
8 51
4 2
698
555
25 3
04 2
619
9525
642
9 88
6 3
956
690
17 6
41 3
143
562
5 80
7 1
311
2 84
820
774
18
1996
39 3
828
961
23
53 9
393
135
634
047
14 0
07 4
110
7 63
523
208
22
1997
46 8
4311
259
24
51 3
449
546
19
61 5
868
176
13
129
488
33 7
19 2
619
9862
818
14 2
07 2
310
4 70
215
877
15
122
816
24 8
68 2
017
2 62
941
625
24
1999
139
045
12 1
89 9
110
907
1 46
1 1
201
451
22 6
65 1
122
9 37
154
794
24
2000
189
961
14 4
57 8
114
964
65 1
71 5
723
3 37
152
724
23
194
619
29 6
50 1
520
0110
1 62
018
806
19
63 2
8318
305
29
66 1
1836
168
55
140
636
26 6
59 1
920
02..
....
25 3
72 8
37 3
....
..14
7 72
935
064
24
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D, F
DI/
TN
C d
ata
ba
se, b
ase
d o
n M
inis
tère
de
l'E
con
om
ie, d
es
Fin
an
ces
et d
e l'
Ind
ust
rie
/Ba
nq
ue
de
Fra
nce
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lan
ce d
es
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me
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osi
tion
ext
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eu
re 2
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5 M
ay
2002
; Deu
tsch
e B
unde
sban
k, Z
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stat
istik
, Feb
ruar
y 20
03, S
tatis
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es B
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um M
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sber
icht
3; U
nite
d K
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om, O
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for
Nat
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l Sta
tistic
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ess
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MA
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gn D
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t Inv
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ent 2
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nite
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tate
s D
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t of C
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, Bur
eau
of E
cono
mic
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lysi
s, U
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nter
natio
nal T
rans
actio
ns A
ccou
nts
Dat
a,w
ww
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a.d
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v, 1
4 M
arc
h 2
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ws
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s d
ive
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en
t.b
Exc
lud
es
sho
rt-t
erm
intr
a-c
om
pa
ny
loa
ns.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives206
Annex table A.I.11. Germany, Japan and the United States: receipts of royalties andlicence fees from affiliated firms, by country, 1985-2001
(Millions of dollars)
Germany Japan United States Intra-firm Intra-firm Intra-firm
German Foreign Country Japanese Foreign Country United States Foreign Countryparent affiliates as a parent affiliates as a parent affiliates in the as a
Year firms only in Gernany TNCs whole firms only in Japan TNCs whole firms only United States TNCs whole
1985 464 83 .. 617 .. .. .. 723 .. .. .. 6 6801986 597 122 .. 919 .. .. 617 906 5 994 180 .. 8 1131987 698 146 .. 1 165 .. .. .. 1 293 7 668 220 .. 10 1741988 883 124 .. 1 265 .. .. .. 1 637 9 238 256 .. 12 1391989 1 122 106 .. 1 341 .. .. 1 034 2 016 10 612 349 12 800 13 8181990 1 547 236 .. 1 987 .. .. .. 2 479 12 867 383 .. 16 6341991 1 515 345 .. 1 888 .. .. .. 2 866 13 523 583 .. 17 8191992 1 680 472 .. 2 072 .. .. 2 335 3 061 14 925 733 .. 20 8411993 1 629 501 .. 2 058 .. .. .. 3 861 14 936 752 .. 21 6951994 1 720 496 .. 2 403 .. .. .. 5 185 19 250 1 025 33 957 26 7121995 2 231 617 .. 3 134 .. .. 3 919 6 005 21 399 1 460 .. 30 2891996 2 457 655 .. 3 365 .. .. .. 6 681 22 719 1 837 .. 32 4701997 2 321 518 .. 3 222 .. .. .. 7 303 23 091 1 374 .. 33 2281998 2 652 750 .. 3 346 .. .. 5 499 7 388 24 362 1 951 .. 35 6261999 2 321 629 .. 3 108 .. .. .. 8 190 24 807 1 700 .. 36 9022000 2 214 642 .. 2 884 .. .. .. 10 227 24 585 2 231 .. 39 6072001 2 404 745 .. 3 149 .. .. .. 10 462 23 502 2 371 .. 38 6682002 2 904 1 010 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Source: UNCTAD, based on WIR99; IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics CD-ROM (January 2003); Germany, DeutscheBundesbank (various issues); Japan, METI, 2002 and United States, Department of Commerce, 2002.
ANNEX A 207
Annex table A.I.12. Receipts of royalties and licence fees by affiliated firmsand by country, Germany and the United States, 1998, 2000-2001
(Millions of dollars)
Germany United States
Intra-firm Intra-firm
German parent Foreign affiliates Country United States Foreign affiliates CountryCountryRegion firms only Germany as a whole parent firms only in the United States as a whole
1998
TOTAL WORLD 1 707 748 3 346 24 362 1 951 35 626Developed Countries 1 300 636 .. 20 993 2 037 26 853
European Union 482 267 .. 13 192 1 108 17 525North America 601 284 .. 1 287 41 1 657Japan 137 22 .. 3 200 220 5 776
Developing countries 353 51 .. 3 601 279 6 535Africa 24 4 .. 185 25 311Latin America and the Caribbean 99 14 .. 1 423 156 2 552Asia and Pacific 230 .. .. 1 993 98 3 672South, East and South-East Asia .. .. .. 1 984 94 3 593
2000
TOTAL WORLD 2 194 640 2 884 24 585 2 231 39 607Developed Countries 1 856 568 .. 18 293 1 803 28 931
European Union 597 201 .. 11 942 964 17 080North America 677 100 .. 1 520 49 2 259Japan 212 20 .. 3 416 331 7 120
Developing countries 224 36 .. 4 818 239 8 188Africa 37 3 .. 190 - 393Latin America and the Caribbean 104 18 .. 2 500 188 3 279Asia and Pacific 83 15 .. 2 128 51 4 516South, East and South-East Asia .. .. .. 2 113 51 4 374
2001
TOTAL WORLD 2 290 666 3 149 23 502 2 371 38 668Developed Countries 1 900 555 .. 17 318 1 872 28 214
European Union 549 134 .. 11 252 952 16 333North America 803 116 .. 1 503 58 2 255Japan 165 30 .. 3 173 248 6 972
Developing countries 251 86 .. 4 759 349 7 996Africa 46 20 .. 212 - 327Latin America and the Caribbean 98 21 .. 2 483 266 3 368Asia and Pacific 108 45 .. 2 064 83 4 301South, East and South-East Asia .. .. .. 2 039 83 4 164
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives208
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1948 Havana Charter for an International International Multilateral Binding Not ratifiedTrade Organization Conference on Trade
and Employment
1948 Draft Statutes of the Arbitral Tribunal International Law Non- Non-binding Not adoptedfor Foreign Investment and of the Association governmentalForeign Investments Court
1949 International Code of Fair Treatment International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adoptedfor Foreign Investments of Commerce governmental
1957 Treaty Establishing the European European Economic Regional Binding AdoptedEconomic Community Community
1957 Agreement on Arab Economic Unity Council of Arab Regional Binding AdoptedEconomic Unity
1958 Convention on the Recognition and United Nations Multilateral Binding AdoptedEnforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
1959 Draft Convention on Investments Abs-Shawcross Non- Non-binding Not adoptedAbroad Draft Convention Governmental
1961 Code of Liberalisation of OECD Regional Binding AdoptedCapital Movements
1961 Code of Liberalisation of Current OECD Regional Binding AdoptedInvisible Operations
1962 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedResolution 1803 (XVII): PermanentSovereignty over Natural Resources
1963 Model Tax Convention on Income OECD Regional Model Adoptedand on Capital
1965 Common Convention on Investments Customs and Regional Binding Adoptedin the States of the Customs and Economic UnionEconomic Union of Central Africa of Central Africa
1965 Convention on the Settlement of World Bank Multilateral Binding AdoptedInvestment Disputes between Statesand Nationals of Other States
1967 Revised Recommendation of the Council OECD Regional Non-binding AdoptedConcerning Co-operation BetweenMember Countries on AnticompetitivePractices Affecting International Trade
1967 Draft Convention on the Protection OECD Regional Non-binding Not adoptedof Foreign Property
1969 Agreement on Andean Subregional Andean Regional Binding AdoptedIntegration Common Market
1969 Agreement Establishing an Association European Community- Inter-regional Binding Adoptedbetween the European Economic Malagasy StatesCommunity and the Malagasy States
1969 Agreement Establishing an Association European Community- Inter-regional Binding Adoptedbetween the European Economic Tanzania, UgandaCommunity and the United Republic and Kenyaof Tanzania, the Republic of Ugandaand the Republic of Kenya
/...
ANNEX A 209
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1970 Agreement on Investment and Free Arab Economic Unity Regional Binding AdoptedMovement of Arab Capital amongArab Countries
1970 Decision No. 24 of the Commission of Andean Common Regional Binding Supersededthe Cartagena Agreement: Common MarketRegulations Governing Foreign CapitalMovement, Trade Marks, Patents,Licences and Royalties
1971 Convention Establishing the Inter-Arab Inter-Arab Investment Regional Binding AdoptedInvestment Guarantee Corporation Guarantee Corporation
1972 Joint Convention on the Freedom of Central African Customs Regional Binding AdoptedMovement of Persons and the Right of and Economic UnionEstablishment in the Central African
1972 Guidelines for International Investment International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adoptedof Commerce Governmental
1973 Agreement on the Harmonisation of Caribbean Community Regional Binding AdoptedFiscal Incentives to Industry
1973 Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Caribbean Community Regional Binding AdoptedCommunity
1974 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedResolution 3201 (S-VI): Declarationon the Establishment of a NewInternational Economic Order andUnited Nations General AssemblyResolution 3202 (S-VI): Programme ofAction on the Establishment of a NewInternational Economic Order
1974 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedResolution 3281 (XXIX): Charter ofEconomic Rights and Duties of States
1975 The Multinational Companies Code Customs and Economic Regional Binding Adoptedin the UDEAC Union of Central Africa
1975 Charter of Trade Union Demands for International Non- Non-binding Adoptedthe Legislative Control of Multinational Confederation of Free GovernmentalCompanies Trade Unions
1975 International Chamber of Commerce International Chamber Non- Non-binding AdoptedRules of Conciliation and Arbitration of Commerce Governmental
1976 Declaration on International Investment OECD Regional Binding/ Adoptedand Multinational Enterprises non-bindingc
1976 Arbitration Rules of the United Nations United Nations Multilateral Model AdoptedCommission on International Trade Law
1976 Agreement between the Government Germany- Bilateral Binding Adoptedof the United States of America and United Statesthe Government of the Federal Republicof Germany Relating to MutualCooperation Regarding RestrictiveBusiness Practices
1977 ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles International Labour Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedConcerning Multinational Enterprises Organizationand Social Policy
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives210
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1977 International Chamber of Commerce International Chamber Non- Non-binding AdoptedRecommendations to Combat Extortion of Commerce Governmentaland Bribery in Business transactions
1979 Draft International Agreement on United Nations Multilateral Binding Not adoptedIllicit Payments
1979 United Nations Model Double Taxation United Nations Multilateral Model AdoptedConvention between Developed andDeveloping Countries
1980 Cooperation Agreement between the ASEAN-EC Inter-regional Binding AdoptedEuropean Community and Indonesia,Malaysia, the Philippines, Singaporeand Thailand member countries of theAssociation of South-East Asian Nations
1980 The Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedPrinciples and Rules for the Control ofRestrictive Business Practices
1980 Guidelines Governing the Protection OECD Regional Non-binding Adoptedof Privacy and Transborder Flows ofPersonal Data
1980 Unified Agreement for the Investment League of Arab States Regional Binding Adoptedof Arab Capital in the Arab States
1980 Treaty Establishing the Latin American LAIA Regional Binding AdoptedIntegration Association (LAIA)
1981 International Code of Marketing of World Health Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedBreast- milk Substitutes Organization
1981 Convention for the Protection of Council of Europe Regional Binding AdoptedIndividuals with Regard to AutomaticProcessing of Personal Data
1981 Agreement on Promotion, Protection Islamic Conference Regional Binding Adoptedand Guarantee of Investments amongMember States of the Organisation ofthe Islamic Conference
1981 Treaty for the Establishment of the Preferential Trade Area Regional Binding AdoptedPreferential Trade Area for Eastern for Eastern and Southernand Southern African States African States
1982 Community Investment Code of the CEPGL Regional Binding AdoptedEconomic Community of theGreat Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
1983 Draft United Nations Code of Conduct United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Not adoptedon Transnational Corporations
1983 Treaty for the Establishment of the Economic Community Regional Binding AdoptedEconomic Community of Central of Central andAfrican States African States
1985 Draft International Code of Conduct on United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Not adoptedthe Transfer of Technology
1985 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedResolution 39/248: Guidelines forConsumer Protection
/...
ANNEX A 211
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1985 Convention Establishing the Multilateral World Bank Multilateral Binding AdoptedInvestment Guarantee Agency
1985 Declaration on Transborder Data Flows OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted
1987 Agreement for the Establishment of a Caribbean Common Regional Binding AdoptedRegime for CARICOM Enterprises Market
1987 Revised Basic Agreement on ASEAN ASEAN Regional Binding AdoptedIndustrial Joint Ventures
1987 An Agreement Among the Governments ASEAN Regional Binding Adoptedof Brunei Darussalam, the Republic ofIndonesia, Malaysia, the Republic of thePhilippines, the Republic of Singaporeand the Kingdom of Thailand for thePromotion and Protection of Investments
1989 Fourth ACP-EEC Convention of Lomé African, Caribbean and Inter-regional Binding AdoptedPacific countries-European Commnuity
1989 Cooperation Agreement between the Arab States of the Gulf- Inter-regional Binding AdoptedEuropean Economic Community, of European Communitythe one part, and the countries partiesto the Charter of the CooperationCouncil for the Arab States of the Gulf(the State of the United Arab Emirates,the State of Bahrain, the Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman,the State of Qatar and the State ofKuwait) of the other part
1990 Criteria for Sustainable Development United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedManagement: Towards EnvironmentallySustainable Development
1990 Charter on a Regime of Multinational Preferential Trade Regional Binding AdoptedIndustrial Enterprises (MIEs) in the Area for Eastern andPreferential Trade Area for Eastern Southern African Statesand Southern African States
1984 Protocol A/P1/11/84 Relating to ECOWAS Regional Binding AdoptedCommunity Enterprises and
1990 Supplementary Protocol A/Sp.2/5/90 onthe Implementation of the Third Phase(Right of Establishment) of the Protocolon Free Movement of Persons, Right ofResidence and Establishment
1991 Treaty Establishing the African African Economic Regional Binding AdoptedEconomic Community Community
1991 Decision 285 of the Commission of the Andean Community Regional Binding AdoptedCartagena Agreement: Rules andRegulations for Preventing or CorrectingDistortions in Competition Caused byPractices that Restrict FreeTrade Competition
1991 Decision 291 of the Commission of Andean Community Regional Binding Adoptedthe Cartagena Agreement: CommonCode for the Treatment of ForeignCapital and on Trademarks, Patents,Licenses and Royalties
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives212
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1991 Decision 292 of the Commission of the Andean Community Regional Binding AdoptedCartagena Agreement: Uniform Codeon Andean Multinational Enterprises
1991 The Business Charter for Sustainable International Chamber Non- Non-binding AdoptedDevelopment: Principles for of Commerce GovernmentalEnvironmental Management
1992 Agreement on the European EC-EFTA Regional Binding AdoptedEconomic Area
1992 Guidelines on the Treatment of World Bank Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedForeign Direct Investment
1992 Articles of Agreement of the Islamic Islamic Conference Regional Binding AdoptedCorporation for the Insurance ofInvestment and Export Credit
1992 North American Free Trade Agreement Canada, Mexico and Regional Binding Adoptedthe United States
1992 The CERES Principles CERES Non- Non-binding AdoptedGovernmental
1993 Framework Cooperation Agreement EC-Costa Rica, Inter-regional Binding Adoptedbetween the European Economic El Salvador, Guatemala,Community and the Republics of Honduras, NicaraguaCosta Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and PanamaHonduras, Nicaragua and Panama
1993 Permanent Court of Arbitration Optional Permanent Court Multilateral Binding AdoptedRules for Arbitrating Disputes between of ArbitrationTwo Parties of which only One is a State
1993 Revised Treaty of the Economic ECOWAS Regional Binding AdoptedCommunity of West African States(ECOWAS)
1993 Framework Agreement for Cooperation EC-Andean Inter-regional Binding Adoptedbetween the European Economic CommunityCommunity and the CartagenaAgreement and its Member Countries,namely the Republic of Bolivia, theRepublic of Colombia, the Republic ofEcuador, the Republic of Peru andthe Republic of Venezuela
1993 Treaty Establishing the Common Common Market Regional Binding AdoptedMarket for Eastern and for Eastern andSouthern Africa Southern Africa
1994 Free Trade Agreement between Azerbaijan, Armenia, Regional Binding AdoptedAzerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Belarus, Georgia,Moldova, Kazakhstan, the Russian Moldova, Kazakhstan,Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation,Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic Ukraine, Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan and theKyrgyz Republic
1994 Free Trade Agreement between the Mexico-Bolivia Bilateral Binding AdoptedUnited Mexican States and theRepublic of Bolivia
1994 Free Trade Agreement between Mexico-Costa Rica Bilateral Binding AdoptedMexico and Costa Rica
/...
ANNEX A 213
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1994 Treaty on Free Trade between the Colombia, Venezuela, Regional Binding AdoptedRepublic of Colombia, the Republic of MexicoVenezuela and the UnitedMexican States
1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing World Trade Multilateral Binding Adoptedthe World Trade Organization. OrganizationAnnex 1A: Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (1994)
1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Multilateral Binding AdoptedWorld Trade Organization. Annex 1B: OrganizationGeneral Agreement on Trade in Services
1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Multilateral Binding AdoptedWorld Trade Organization. Annex 1C: OrganizationAgreement on Trade-Related Aspectsof Intellectual Property Rights (1994)
1994 Protocol of Colonia for the Reciprocal MERCOSUR Regional Binding AdoptedPromotion and Protection ofInvestments in the MERCOSUR
1994 Protocol on Promotion and Protection MERCOSUR Regional Binding Adoptedof Investments from States not Partiesto MERCOSUR
1994 Agreement Among the Governments Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adoptedof the Member States of the CaribbeanCommunity for the Avoidance ofDouble Taxation and the Preventionof Fiscal Evasion With Respect to Taxeson Income, Profits or Gains and CapitalGains and for the Encouragement ofRegional Trade and Investment
1994 Recommendation of the OECD Council OECD Regional Non-binding Adoptedon Bribery in International BusinessTransactions
1994 Free Trade Agreement of the Group Colombia, Mexico Regional Binding Adoptedof Three and Venezuela
1994 APEC Non-Binding Investment Principles APEC Regional Non-binding Adopted
1994 Trade and Investment Agreement Australia-Mexico Bilateral Binding Adoptedbetween the Government of Australiaand the Government of theUnited Mexican States
1994 Energy Charter Treaty European Energy Regional Binding AdoptedCharter Organisation
1995 Interregional Framework Cooperation EC- MERCOSUR Inter-regional Binding AdoptedAgreement between the EuropeanCommunity and its Member States,of the one part, and the SouthernCommon Market and its Party States,of the other part
1995 ASEAN Framework Agreement ASEAN Regional Binding Adoptedon Services
1995 Consumer Charter for Global Business Consumers International Non- Non-binding AdoptedGovernmental
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives214
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1995 Pacific Basin Charter on International Pacific Basin Non- Non-binding AdoptedInvestments Economic Council Governmental
1995 Agreement between the Government of Canada- United States Bilateral Binding Adoptedthe United States of America and theGovernment of Canada regarding theApplication of Their Competition andDeceptive Marketing Practice Laws
1995 Osaka Action Agenda on Implementation APEC Regional Non-binding Adoptedof the Bogor Declaration
1996 Protocol to amend the 1987 Agreement ASEAN Regional Binding Adoptedamong ASEAN Member Countries for thePromotion and Protection of Investments
1996 Protocol on the Protection of MERCOSUR Regional Binding AdoptedCompetition of MERCOSUR
1996 Inter-American Convention Organization of Regional Binding AdoptedAgainst Corruption American States
1996 Acuerdo de Complementación Chile-MERCOSUR Regional Binding AdoptedEconómica MERCOSUR-Chile
1996 Resolution 51/191. United Nations United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedDeclaration Against Corruption and General AssemblyBribery in International CommercialTransactions
1997 Free Trade Agreement between Mexico-Nicaragua Bilateral Binding AdoptedMexico and Nicaragua
1997 Fourth Protocol to the General WTO Multilateral Binding AdoptedAgreement on Trade in Services (onBasic Telecommunications Services)
1997 Fifth Protocol to the General WTO Multilateral Binding AdoptedAgreement on Trade in Services(on Financial Services)
1997 Protocol Amending the Treaty Caribbean Community Regional Binding AdoptedEstablishing the CaribbeanCommunity. Protocol II: Establishment,Services, Capital
1997 Draft NGO Charter on People’s Action Non- Non-binding Not adoptedTransnational Corporations Network to Monitor Governmental
Japanese TNCs
1997 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedResolution 52/87 on International General AssemblyCooperation against Corruption andBribery in International CommercialTransactions
1997 Resolution (97) 24 on the Twenty Council of Europe Regional Non-binding AdoptedGuiding Principles for the FightAgainst Corruption
1997 OECD Convention on Combating OECD Regional Binding AdoptedBribery of Foreign Public Officials inInternational Business Transactions
/...
ANNEX A 215
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1991 Agreement between the Government of European Community- Bilateral Binding Adoptedthe United States of America and the United StatesCommission of the European CommunitiesRegarding the Application of theirCompetition Laws and
1998 Agreement between the EuropeanCommunities and the Government ofthe United States of America on theApplication of Positive ComityPrinciples in the Enforcement of theirCompetition Laws
1998 Agreement Establishing the Free Trade Caribbean Community- Regional Binding AdoptedArea between the Caribbean Community Dominican Republicand the Dominican Republic
1998 Free Trade Agreement between Chile-Mexico Bilateral Binding AdoptedChile and Mexico
1998 DECISION 439 of the Andean Andean Community Regional Binding AdoptedCommunity: General Framework ofPrinciples and Rules and forLiberalizing the Trade in Servicesin the Andean Community
1998 DECISION 40 of the Andean Community: Andean Community Regional Binding AdoptedApproval of the Agreement AmongMember Countries to Avoid DoubleTaxation and of the Standard Agreementfor Executing Agreements on DoubleTaxation between Member Countriesand Other States Outside the Subregion
1998 Protocol Amending the Treaty Caribbean Community Regional Binding AdoptedEstablishing the Caribbean Community.Protocol III: Industrial Policy.
1998 Framework Agreement on the ASEAN ASEAN Regional Binding AdoptedInvestment Area
1998 Trade and Investment Cooperation Canada and Regional Binding AdoptedArrangement between Canada MERCOSURand MERCOSUR
1998 Memorandum of Understanding on Canada and Central Regional Non-binding AdoptedTrade and Investment between the American countriesGovernments Canada, Costa Rica,El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondurasand Nicaragua
1998 OECD Council Recommendation on OECD Regional Non-binding AdoptedCounteracting Harmful Tax Competition
1998 OECD Council Recommendation OECD Regional Non-binding AdoptedConcerning Effective Action AgainstHard Core Cartels
1998 Draft Multilateral Agreement OECD Regional Binding Not adoptedon Investment
1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental International Multilateral Non-binding AdoptedPrinciples and Rights at Work Labour Office
1998 Draft International Agreement Consumer Unity Non- Non-binding Not adoptedon Investment & Trust Society Governmental
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives216
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1998 Towards a Citizens’ MAI: an Alternative Council of Canadians Non- Non-binding AdoptedApproach to Developing a Global GovernmentalInvestment Treaty Based on Citizen’sRights and Democratic Control
1999 Resolution of the European Parliament European Parliament Regional Non-binding Adoptedon European Union Standards forEuropean Enterprises Operating inDeveloping Countries: towards aEuropean Code of Conduct
1999 Criminal Law Convention on Corruption Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted
1999 OECD Principles of Corporate OECD Regional Non-binding ApprovedGovernance
1999 Model Clauses for Use in Contracts International Chamber Model Non-binding AdoptedInvolving Transborder Data Flows of Commerce
1999 Core Standards World Development Non- Non-binding Not adoptedMovement Governmental
1999 Rules and Recommendations on International Chamber Non- Non-binding AdoptedExtortion and Bribery in International of Commerce GovernmentalBusiness Transactions(1999 Revised Version)
1999 Agreement on Customs Union and Kyrgyz Republic, the Regional Binding AdoptedSingle Economic Area between the Russian Federation,Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian the Republic of Belarus,Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic ofthe Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kazakhstan and theRepublic of Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan
1999 Civil Law Convention on Corruption Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted
1999 The Treaty Establishing the East East African Regional Binding AdoptedAfrican Community Community
1982 Agreement between the Government of Australia- Bilateral Binding Adoptedthe United States of America and the United StatesGovernment of Australia Relating toCooperation on Antitrust Matters and
1999 Agreement between the Government ofthe United States of America and theGovernment of Australia on MutualAntitrust Enforcement Assistance
1999 Agreement between the Government Brazil-United States Bilateral Binding Adoptedof the United States of America and theGovernment of the Federative Republicof Brazil Regarding Cooperation BetweenTheir Competition Authorities in theEnforcement of Their Competition Laws
1999 Agreement between the European Canada-Eurpean Union Bilateral Binding AdoptedCommunities and the Government ofCanada Regarding the Application oftheir Competition Laws
1999 Agreement between the Government of Japan- Bilateral Binding Adoptedthe United States of America and the United StatesGovernment of Japan ConcerningCooperation on Anticompetitive Activities
/...
ANNEX A 217
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
1999 Free Trade Agreement between the Chile-Central Regional Binding AdoptedGovernments of Central America and the American countriesGovernment of the Republic of Chile
1999 Short-Term Measures to Enhance ASEAN Regional Binding AdoptedAsean Investment Climate
2000 Free Trade Agreement between Mexico, The Northern Triangle Regional Binding AdoptedEl Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras
2000 Revised OECD Declaration on OECD Regional Binding/ AdoptedInternational Investment and non-bindingc
Multilateral Enterprises (including theRevised Guidelines for MultinationalEnterprises and commentaries)
2000 Revised United Nations Model United Nations Multilateral Model AdoptedTaxation Convention betweenDeveloped and Developing Countries
2000 Agreement between New Zealand New Zealand- Bilateral Binding Adoptedand Singapore on Closer SingaporeEconomic Partnership
2000 Protocol VIII of the Caribbean Community: Caribbean Community Regional Binding AdoptedCompetition Policy, Consumer Protection,Dumping and Subsidies Amending theTreaty of Chaguaramas
2000 Revised Partnership Agreement between the African, Caribbean Regional Binding AdoptedMembers of the African, Caribbean and and the Pacific-Pacific Group of States of the One Part, European communityand the European Community and ItsMember States, of The Other Part
2001 European Convention on the Legal Council of Europe Regional Binding AdoptedProtection of Services Based on, orConsisting of, Conditional Access
2001 Additional Protocol to the Convention Council of Europe Regional Binding Adoptedfor the Protection of Individuals withRegard to Automatic Processing ofPersonal Data Regarding SupervisoryAuthorities and Transborder Data Flows
2001 Convention Establishing the European EFTA Regional Binding AdoptedFree Trade Association (Amendment)
2001 Protocol to Amend the Framework ASEAN Regional Binding AdoptedAgreement on the ASEANInvestment Area
2001 Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas Caribbean Community Regional Binding AdoptedEstablishing the CaribbeanCommunity Including the CARICOMSingle Market and Economy
2001 Free Trade Agreement between the Canada-Costa Rica Bilateral Binding AdoptedGovernment of Canada and theGovernment of the Republicof Costa Rica
2002 Agreement between Japan and The Japan-Singapore Bilateral Binding AdoptedRepublic of Singapore for a New-AgeEconomic Partnership (JSEPA)
2002 Free Trade Agreement between the Panama-Central Regional Binding AdoptedCentral America and Panama American countries
2002 Treaty on Investment and trade in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Regional Binding AdoptedServices between Costa Rica, Guatemala, HondurasEl Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaraguaand Nicaragua
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives218
Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (concluded)
Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status
2002 ASEAN-China Framework Agreement on ASEAN-China Bilateral Binding AdoptedComprehensive Economic Cooperation
2003 Free Trade Agreement between the Chile-Korea Bilateral Binding AdoptedGovernment of the Republic of Chile andthe Government of the Republic of Korea
2003 Singapore-Australia Free Trade Singapore-Australia Bilateral Binding Adopted
Agreement (SAFTA)
ACP - EU ACP - EU Inter-regional Under negotiation
Algeria - United States Algeria - United States Bilateral Under negotiationAndean Community - Canada Andean Community - Canada Bilateral Under negotiation
Andean Community - Mercosur Andean Community - Mercosur Inter-regional Under negotiation
Andean Community - Panama FTA Andean Community - Panama Bilateral Under negotiationASEAN - India ASEAN - India Bilateral Under negotiation
ASEAN - Japan ASEAN - Japan Bilateral Under consultation
Brazil - Russian Federation Brazil - Russian Federation Bilateral Under negotiationCACM - Canada Central American countries - Canada Bilateral Under negotiation
CACM - United States Central American countries - United States Bilateral Under negotiation
Canada - CARICOM Canada - CARICOM Bilateral Under negotiationCanada - Dominican Republic Canada - Dominican Republic Bilateral Under negotiation
Canada - Singapore FTA Canada - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiation
CARICOM - EFTA CARICOM - EFTA Inter-regional Under negotiationCARICOM - EU CARICOM - EU Inter-regional Under negotiation
Chile - EFTA FTA Chile - EFTA Bilateral Under negotiation
Chile - Japan FTA Chile - Japan Bilateral Under consultationChile - New Zealand Chile - New Zealand Bilateral Under negotiation
China - Japan Japan - China Bilateral Under consultation
Costa Rica - Panama Costa Rica - Panama Bilateral Under negotiationEcuador - Mexico Ecuador -Mexico Bilateral Under negotiation
EU - Mercosur EU - Mercosur Inter-regional Under negotiation
Free Trade of the Americas (FTAA) Americas Regional Under negotiationIndia - Singapore FTA India - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiation
Japan - Republic of Korea FTA Japan - Korea FTA Bilateral Under consultation
Japan - Malaysia Japan - Malaysia Bilateral Under consultationJapan - Mexico FTA Japan - Mexico Bilateral Under negotiation
Japan - Thailand Japan - Thailand Bilateral Under consultation
Jordan - Singapore FTA Jordan - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiationMexico - Panama FTA Mexico - Panama Bilateral Under negotiation
Mexico - Peru FTA Mexico - Peru Bilateral Under negotiation
Mexico - Singapore FTA Mexico - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiationMexico - Trinidad and Tobago FTA Mexico - Trinidad and Tobago Bilateral Under negotiation
Singapore - ASEAN - China FTA Singapore - ASEAN - China Pluraliteral Under negotiation
Southern African Customs Union SACU Member countries -(SACU) - United States Agreement United States Bilateral Under negotiation
Uruguay - United States FTA Uruguay - United States Bilateral Under negotiation
Source: UNCTAD. The instruments listed here are reproduced in whole or in part in UNCTAD, International InvestmentInstruments: A Compendium, vols. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI (United Nations publication, Sales Nos.E.96.II.A.9.10.11, E.00.II.D.13. 14, E.01.II.D.34, E.02.II.D.14, E.02.II.D.15, E.02.II.D.16, E.02.II.D. 21 andforthcoming).
a Bilateral treaties for the promotion and protection of investment (BITs) and for the avoidance of double taxation (DTTs) are not included inthis table. For a list of BITs, as of 1 January 2000, see Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1959-1999 (UNCTAD/DITE/IIA/2), available on theInternet: www.unctad.org/en/pub/poiteiiad2.en.htm. The most recent list of BITs and DTTs (as of 1 January 2003) is available on the Internet:www.unctad.org. The list of bilateral association, partnership and cooperation agreements signed by the European Community and/or theEuropean Free Trade Association and third countries, and including investment provisions, is available in a separate table (Annex table A.I.14).
b Dates given relate to original adoption. Subsequent revisions of instruments are not included, unless explicitly stated.c The OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises is a political undertaking supported by legally binding
Decisions of the Council. The Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises are non-binding standards.
ANNEX A 219
Annex table A.I.14. Bilateral association, cooperation, framework and partnershipagreements including investment-related provisions, signed by the European Community,
by the European Free Trade Association, by the United States and by Canada with third countries,as of July 2003
Country/territory/group of countries Date of signature Date of entry into force
European Community and its member States
Malta 5 December 1970 1 April 1971Jordan 18 January 1977 1 January 1979Syrian Arab Republic 18 January 1977 1 January 1978China 21 May 1985 1 October 1985Pakistan 23 July 1985 1 May 1986Argentina 2 April 1990 1 November 1990Uruguay 4 November 1991 1 January 1994Hungary 16 December 1991 1 February 1994Poland 19 September 1989a …Poland 16 December 1991 1 February 1994San Marino 16 December 1991 Not yet in forceParaguay 3 February 1992 1 March 1992Albania 11 May 1992 1 December 1992Mongolia 16 June 1992 1 March 1993Brazil 26 June 1992 1 November 1995Macao 5 June 1992 Not yet in forceRomania 22 October 1990a …Romania 1 February 1993 1 February 1995Czechoslovakia 16 December 1991a …Czech Republic 4 October 1993 1 February 1995Bulgaria 8 May 1990a …Bulgaria 8 March 1993 1 February 1995Slovakia 4 October 1993 1 February 1993India 23 June 1981a …India 20 December 1993 1 August 1994Ukraine 14 June 1994 1 February 1998Soviet Union 8 December 1989a
Russian Federation 24 June 1994 1 December 1997Sri Lanka 2 July 1975a
Sri Lanka 18 July 1994 2nd quarter 1995Republic of Moldova 28 November 1994 1 July 1998Kazakhstan 23 January 1995 1 July 1999Kyrgyzstan 9 February 1995 1 July 1999Belarus 6 March 1995 Not yet in forceTurkey 12 September 1963a 1 December 1964Latvia 11 May 1992a 1 February 1993Latvia 12 June 1995 1 February 1998Lithuania 11 May 1992a 1 February 1993Lithuania 12 June 1995 1 February 1998Estonia 11 May 1992a 1 March 1993Estonia 12 June 1995 1 February 1998Tunisia 25 April 1976a 1 November 1978Tunisia 17 July 1995 1 March 1998Viet Nam 17 July 1995 1 June 1996Israel 11 May 1975 1 July 1975Israel 20 November 1995 1 June 2000Nepal 20 November 1995 1 June 1996Morocco 27 April 1976 1 November 1978Morocco 26 February 1996 …Armenia 22 April 1996 1 July 1999Azerbaijan 22 April 1996 1 July 1999Georgia 22 April 1996 1 July 1999
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives220
Annex table A.I.14. (continued)
Country/territory/group of countries Date of signature Date of entry into force
Slovenia 5 April 1993 1 September 1993Slovenia 10 June 1996 1 February 1999Uzbekistan 21 June 1996 1 July 1999Republic of Korea 28 October 1996 1 March 2000Cambodia 29 April 1996 1 November 1999Palestine Authority 24 February 1997 1 July 1997Lao People’s Democratic Republic 29 April 1997 1 December 1997Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 29 April 1997 1 January 1998Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 9 April 2001 ...Yemen 25 November 1997 …Turkmenistan 25 May 1998 Not yet in forceSouth Afirca 11 October 1999 Not yet in forceBangladesh 19 October 1978 1 December 1976Bangladesh 22 May 2000 ...Mexico 8 December 1997 1 January 2000Mexico 27 February 2001 1 March 2001Egypt 18 January 1977 1 January 1979Egypt 30 April 2001 Not yet in forceCroatia 29 October 2001 …Algeria 26 April 1976 1 January 1978Algeria 22 April 2002 …Lebanon 3 May 1977 1 November 1978Lebanon 17 June 2002 Not yet in forceLebanond 17 June 2002 Not yet in forceChile 18 November 2002 …Chile 21 June 1996 1 February 1999
European Free Trade Association and its member States
Turkey 10 December 1991 1 April 1992Israel 17 September 1992 1 January 1992Poland 10 December 1992 1 September 1993Romania 10 December 1992 1 May 1993Bulgaria 29 March 1993 1 July 1993Hungary 29 March 1993 1 October 1993Czech Republic 20 March 1992 1 July 1992c
Slovakia 20 March 1992 1 July 1992c
Slovenia 13 June 1995 1 September 1998Estonia 7 December 1995 1 October 1997Latvia 7 December 1995 1 June 1996Lithuania 7 December 1995 1 January 1997Morocco 19 June 1997 1 December 1999Palestine Authority 30 November 1998 1 July 1999Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 19 June 2000 1 January 2001Mexico 27 November 2000 …Croatia 21 June 2001 …Jordan 21 June 2001 ...Singapore 26 June 2002 …Chile 26 June 2003 ...
United States
Philippines 11 June 1989 …Morocco 16 March 1995 …Israel 22 April 1985 1 September 1985Taiwan Province of China 19 September 1994 …Indonesia 18 June 1996 …Central America 20 March 1998 …Andean Community 30 October 1998 …
/...
ANNEX A 221
Annex table A.I.14. (concluded)
Country/territory/group of countries Date of signature Date of entry into force
Egypt 1 July 1999 1 July 1999Egyptb 1 July 1999 1 July 1999Ghana 26 February 1999 26 February 1999South Africa 18 February 1999 18 February 1999Turkey 29 September 1999 11 February 2000Jordan 24 October 2000 24 October 2000Nigeria 16 February 2000 16 February 2000Viet Nam 13 July 2000 …Algeria 13 July 2001 …COMESA 1 October 2001 …West African Economic and Monetary Union 24 April 2002 …Bahrain 18 July 2002 …Sri Lanka 25 July 2002 …Brunei Darussalam 16 December 2002 …Thailand 23 October 2002 …Tunisia 2 October 2002Chile 19 May 1998 …Chile 11 December 2002 …Singapore 24 June 2003 …Pakistan 25 June 2003 ...
Canada
ASEAN 28 July 1993 …Ukraine 24 October 1994 …Australia 15 November 1995 …Chile 5 December 1996 5 July 1997Norway 3 December 1997 …Switzerland 9 December 1997 …Iceland 24 March 1998 …MERCOSUR 16 June 1998 …South Africa 24 September 1998 …Andean Community 31 May 1999 …Costa Rica 23 April 2001 1 November 2002
Source: UNCTAD.a No longer in force.b Investment Incentive Agreement between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt.c Signed with former CSFR on 20 March 1992. Protocols of the succession of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were signed and
entered into force on 19 April 1993 simultaneously.d Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade-related Matters between the European Community, of the One Part, and the Republic of Lebanon,
of the Other Part.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives222
Parent Foreigncorporations affiliates
based in located inRegion/economy Year economy a economy a
Developed economies 49 048 b 105 830 b
Western Europe 39 715 77 415
European Union 34 291 b 65 460 b
Austria 2001 935 2 607 c
Belgium/Luxembourg 1997 988 d 1 504 d
Denmark 1998 9 356 2 305 e
Finland 2001 900 f 2 030 c, e
France 2000 1 922 9 473Germany 2000 8 522 13 826 g
Greece 2001 155 697Ireland 2001 39 h 1 225 i
Italy 1999 1 017 j 1 843 j
Netherlands k 1998 1 608 3 132 c
Portugal 2001 600 3 000 l
Spain 1998 857 m 7 465Sweden n 2002 4 260 4 656 c
United Kingdom o 2002 3 132 13 828
Other Western Europe 5 424 b 11 955 b
Gibraltar 2002 .. 21Iceland 2000 18 55Malta 2002 .. 1 000Norway 1998 900 5 105 p
Switzerland 1995 4 506 5 774
North America 4 674 b 19 437 b
Canada 1999 1 439 3 725 c
United States 2000 3 235 q 15 712 r
Other developed countries 4 659 b 6 847 b
Australia 2001 682 2 352Israel 2002 .. 30Japan 2002 3 760 s 3 359 t
New Zealand 1998 217 1 106
Developing economies 13 936 b 517 611 b
Africa 1 202 b 7 049 b
Algeria 2002 .. 14Angola 2002 2 u 31Benin 2002 .. 10Botswana 2002 .. 10Burkina Faso 2002 1 u 14Burundi 2002 .. 3Cameroon 2002 .. 60Central African Republic 2002 .. 5Chad 2002 .. 5Congo 2002 .. 25Côte d’Ivoire 2002 .. 120Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2002 4 u 6Djibouti 2002 1 u 6Egypt 1999 .. 99Equatorial Guinea 2002 .. 3Ethiopia 2002 4 u 14Gabon 2002 .. 39Gambia 2002 .. 5Ghana 2002 .. 62Guinea 2002 .. 15Guinea-Bissau 2002 .. 2Kenya 2002 .. 123Lesotho 2002 .. 1Liberia 2002 .. 11Madagascar 2002 .. 28Malawi 2002 .. 6Mali 2002 1 u 8Mauritania 2002 2 u 2Mauritius 2002 .. 35Morocco 2002 .. 194
Parent Foreigncorporations affiliates
based in located inRegion/economy Year economy a economy a
Mozambique 2002 5 u 27Namibia 2002 .. 7Niger 2002 1 u 5Nigeria 2002 48 f 66Rwanda 2002 .. 2Senegal 2002 6 u 42Seychelles 1998 - 30Sierra Leone 2002 1 u 6Somalia 2002 1 u ..South Africa 1998 941 2 044Sudan 2002 2 u 4Swaziland 2002 12 61Togo 2002 3 u 9Tunisia 2002 142 v 2 503 w
United Republic of Tanzania 2002 15 u 38Uganda 2002 .. 34Zambia 1999 2 x 1 179Zimbabwe 1998 8 36
Latin America and the Caribbean 2 022 b 45 383 b
Antigua and Barbuda 2002 .. 10Argentina 2002 .. 1 123Aruba 2002 .. 29Bahamas 2002 .. 117Barbados 2002 .. 99Belize 2002 .. 7Bermuda 2002 .. 240Bolivia 1996 .. 257Brazil 1998 1 225 8 050British Virgin Islands 2002 .. 129Cayman Islands 2002 .. 283Chile 1998 478 y 3 173 z
Colombia 1995 302 2 220Costa Rica 2002 .. 154Dominica 2002 .. 5Dominican Republic 2002 .. 113
Ecuador 2002 .. 165El Salvador 2002 .. 310Grenada 2002 .. 10Guatemala 1985 .. 287Guyana 2002 4 f 56Haiti 2002 3 u 11Honduras 2002 .. 49Jamaica 1998 .. 177Mexico 2002 .. 25 708Netherlands Antilles 2002 .. 145Nicaragua 2002 .. 34Panama 2002 .. 384Paraguay 1995 .. 109Peru 1997 10 aa 1 183 ab
St. Kitts and Nevis 2002 .. 5Saint Lucia 2002 .. 19Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2002 .. 10Suriname 2002 .. 10Trinidad and Tobago 1999 .. 65 ac
Uruguay 2002 .. 164 ad
Venezuela 2002 .. 473
Asia 10 685 b 464 631 b
South, East and South-East Asia 9 934 b 445 272 b
Afghanistan 2002 .. 4Bangladesh 2002 10 u 13Bhutan 1997 .. 2Brunei Darussalam 2002 .. 16Cambodia 1997 .. 598 ae
China 2002 350 af 363 885 ag
Hong Kong, China 2001 948 ah 9 132India 1995 187 ai 1 416Indonesia 1995 313 2 241 aj
Lao People’s Democratic Rep. 1997 .. 669 ak
Annex table A.I.15. Number of parent corporations and foreign affiliates,by region and economy, latest available year
(Number)
ANNEX A 223
Annex table A.I.15. Number of parent corporations and foreign affiliates,by region and economy, latest available year (concluded)
(Number)
Parent Foreigncorporations affiliates
based in located inRegion/economy Year economy a economy a
Macau 2001 .. 560Malaysia 1999 .. 15 567 al
Maldives 2002 .. 1Mongolia 1998 .. 1 400Myanmar 2002 .. 6Nepal 2002 1 u 6Pakistan 2001 59 am 582Philippines 1995 .. 14 802 an
Republic of Korea 2002 7 460 ao 12 909Singapore 2002 .. 14 052 ap
Sri Lanka 1998 .. 305 aq
Taiwan Province of China 2001 606 ar 2 841Thailand 1998 .. 2 721 as
Viet Nam 1996 .. 1 544
West Asia 751 b 11 672 b
Bahrain 2002 .. 36Cyprus 2002 .. 3 185Iran 2002 .. 28Jordan 2002 .. 13Kuwait 2002 .. 16Lebanon 2002 .. 58Oman 1995 92 at 351 at
Qatar 2002 .. 16Saudi Arabia 1989 .. 1 461Syrian Arab Republic 2002 .. 8 Turkey 2002 653 6 311United Arab Emirates 2002 .. 185Yemen 2002 6 u 4
Central Asia - 7 687 b
Armenia 1999 .. 1 604 au
Azerbaijan 2002 .. 12Georgia 1998 .. 190 av
Kazakhstan 1999 .. 1 865 aw
Parent Foreigncorporations affiliates
based in located inRegion/economy Year economy a economy a
Kyrgzstan 1998 .. 4 004 ax
Uzbekistan 2002 .. 12The Pacific 27 b 548 b
Fiji 2002 2 151 x
Kiribati 2002 .. 1 New Caledonia 2002 .. 3 Papua New Guinea 1998 .. 345 ay
Samoa 2002 7 u 8 Solomon Islands 2002 7 u 16 Tonga 2002 .. 5 Vanuatu 2002 11 u 19
Central and Eastern Europe 850 b 242 678 b
Albania 1995 .. 2 422 az
Belarus 1994 .. 393Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 .. 16Bulgaria 2000 26 h 7 153 ba
Croatia 1997 70 353Czech Republic 1999 660 x 71 385 bb
Estonia 1999 .. 3 066 bc
Hungary 2000 .. 26 645 bd
Latvia 2002 .. 210Lithuania 1999 16 ag 1 893Poland 2001 58 h 14 469 be
Republic of Moldova 2002 .. 2 402 bf
Romania 2002 20 h 89 911 bg
Russian Federation 1994 .. 7 793 Serbia and Montenegro 2002 .. 22
Slovakia 1997 .. 5 560 bh
Slovenia 2000 .. 1 617 bi
TFYR Macedonia 1999 .. 7 362Ukraine 1999 .. 7 362
World 63 834 866 119
Source: UNCTAD, based on national sources.a Represents the number of parent companies/foreign affiliates in the economy shown, as defined by that economy. Deviations from the
definition adopted in the World Investment Report (see section on definitions and sources in the annex B) are noted below. The data forAfghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin,Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Jordan,Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco,Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Qatar, Rwanda, Senegal,Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, St. Lucia, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan,Suriname, Syria, TFYR Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuelaand Western Samoa are from Who Owns Whom CD-Rom 2003 ( London, Dun & Bradstreet). Syria, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, United ArabEmirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Western Samoa are from Who Owns Whom CD-Rom 2003 (London, Dun & Bradstreet).
b Includes data only for the countries shown below.c Majority-owned foreign affiliates.d Provisional figures by Banque Nationale de Belgique.e Directly and indirectly owned foreign affiliates (subsidiaries and associates), excluding branches.f As of 1999.g 2001; does not include the number of foreign-owned holding companies in Germany which, in turn, hold participating interests in Germany
(indirect foreign participating interests).h As of 1994.i Refers to the number of foreign-owned affiliates in Ireland in manufacturing and services activities which receive assistance from the
Investment and Development Authority (IDA).j Relates to parent companies and foreign affiliates industrial activities (based on Consiglio Nazionale dell’Economia e del Lavoro, “Italia
Multinazionale, 2000, inward and outward FDI in the Italian industry in 1998 and 1999” April 2002.k Data for parent corporation, as of October 1993. Data for foreign affiliates refer to majority-owned affiliates and are taken from OECD.l 2000.m Includes those Spanish parent enterprises which are controlled, at the same time, by a direct investor.n Data provided by Sveriges Riksbank. Includes those Swedish parent companies which are controlled, at the same time, by a direct investor.o Data on the number of parent companies based in the United Kingdom, and the number of foreign affiliates in the United Kingdom are based
on the register of companies held for inquiries on the United Kingdom FDI abroad, and FDI into the United Kingdom conducted by the CentralStatistical Office. On that basis, the numbers are probably understated because of the lags in identifying investment in greenfield sites andbecause some companies with small presence in the United Kingdom and abroad have not yet been identified.
p Refers to Norwegian non-financial joint-stock companies with foreign shareholders owning more than 10 per cent of total shares in 1998.q Represents a total of 2,466 non-bank parent companies in 2000 and 60 bank parent companies in 1994 with at least one foreign affiliate whose
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives224
assets, sales or net income exceeded $3 million, and 709 non-bank and bank parent companies in 1994 whose affiliate(s) had assets, salesand net income under $3 million. Each parent company represents a fully consolidated United States business enterprise, which may consistof a number of individual companies.
r Represents a total of 9,368 non-bank affiliates in 2000 and 438 bank affiliates in 1997 whose assets, sales or net income exceeded $3 million,and 5,906 bank and non-bank affiliates in 1996 with assets, sales, net income less than or equal to $3 million. Each affiliate represents afully consolidated United States business entreprise, which may consist of a number of individual companies.
s Japanese firms with at least two foreign affiliates that have a more than 20 per cent equity share. Source: Toyokeizai, Kaigai Shinshutsu KigyoSoran 2002 (Tokyo: Toyokeizai Shinposha, 2002).
t Number of foreign affiliates in late 2000. Source: Toyokeizai, Gaishikei Kigyo Soran 2001 (Tokyo: Toyokeizai Shimposha, 2001), The 35thSurvey of Overseas Business Activities.
u 2001.v 1999.w Provisional.x 1997.y Estimated by Comite de Inversiones Extranjeras.z Number of foreign companies registered under DL600.aa Less than 10.ab Out of this number, 811 are majority-owned foreign affiliates, while 159 affiliates have less than 10 per cent equity share.ac An equity stake of 25 per cent or more of the ordinary shares or voting power.ad Number of enterprises included in the Central Bank survey (all sectors).ae Number of projects approved, both domestic and foreign, since August 1994.af In 2002, 350 companies invested abroad. The accumulative number of companies that invested abroad was 6,960.ag As of 2000, Cumulative number of registered industrial enterprises with foreign capital.ah Number of regional headquarters as at 1 June 2002.ai As of 1991.aj As of 1996.ak Number of projects licensed since 1988 up to end 1997.al May 1999. Refers to companies with foreign equity stakes of 51 per cent and above. Of this, 3,787 are fully owned foreign affiliates.am 1998.an This figure refers to directly and indirectly owned foreign affiliates.ao As of 1999. Data refer to the number of investment projects abroad.ap Number of wholly owned foreign companies.aq Number of projects approved under section 17 of the BOI law which provides for incentives.ar Number of approved new investment projects abroad in 1998.as Data refer to the number of BOI-promoted companies which have been issued promotion certificates during the period 1960-1998, having
at least 10 per cent of foreign equity participation.at As of May 1995.au Accumulated number of joint ventures and foreign enterprises registered as of 1 November 1999.av Number of cases of approved investments of more than 100,000 dollars registered during the period of January 1996 up to March 1998.aw Joint ventures and foreign firms operating in the country.ax Joint venture companies established in the economy.ay Number of applications received since 1993.az 1,532 joint ventures and 890 wholly-owned foreign affiliates.ba The number refers to registered investment projects between 1992 and 2000, Bulgarian Foreign Investment Agency, January 2002.bb Out of this number 53,775 are fully-owned foreign affiliates. Includes joint ventures.bc As of 15 March 1999. Only registered affiliates with the Estonian Commercial Register.bd Source: Hungary Statistics Office.be Cumulative number of companies with foreign capital share which participated in the statistical survey.bf Number of enterprises with foreign participation set up in Moldova as of 1 January 2002.bg Data refer to the cumulative number of companies with FDI as at end-December 2002.bh Includes joint ventures with local firms.bi Source: Bank of Slovenia.
Note: The data can vary significantly from preceding years, as data become available for countries that had not been covered before, asdefinitions change, or as older data are updated.
ANNEX A 225
Annex table A.II.1. Asia and the Pacific: sources of FDI finance in selected economies,1999-2002
(Millions of dollars)
1999 2000Total TotalFDI Other Reinvested FDI Other Reinvested
Economy inflows Equity capitala earnings inflows Equity capital a earnings
Brunei Darusssalam 747 656 87 4 550 209 321 20China 38 753 16 772 9 783 12 198 38 399 20 841 1 536 16 022Indonesia -2 746 1 110 -3 856 .. -4 450 992 -5 442 ..Hong Kong (China) 24 581 4 315 8 126 12 140 61 939 32 955 9 695 19 289Kazakhstan 1 587 316 1 093 178 1 283 272 536 474Republic of Korea 9 333 8 889 444 .. 9 283 8 282 1 001 ..Taiwan Province of China 2 926 2 346 -69 649 4 928 4 493 -86 521Malaysia 3 895 1 512 476 1 907 3 788 674 112 3 002Philippines 1 734 1 145 219 370 1 354 1 024 504 -174Singapore 12 825 7 951 1 252 3 622 5 389 1 342 -19 4 066Thailand 6 149 6 139 10 .. 3 366 3 402 -36 ..Papua New Guinea 297 274 -1 24 96 74.6 -0.4 21.7
2001 2002Total TotalFDI Other Reinvested FDI Other Reinvested
Economy inflows Equity capitala earnings inflows Equity capital a earnings
Brunei Darusssalam 527 218 287 22 684 351 332 ..China 44 241 27 361 2 199 14 681 52 700 .. .. ..Indonesia -3 278 688 -3 966 .. -1 522 1 817 -3 339 ..Hong Kong (China) 23 776 7 717 3 705 12 354 13 718 .. .. ..Kazakhstan 2 763 539 1 775 449 2 561 .. .. ..Republic of Korea 3 528 3 189 339 .. 1 972 1 686 286 ..Taiwan Province of China 4 109 3 737 10 362 1 455 1 121 82 242Malaysia 554 -854 -1 083 2 491 3 203 -204 -5 3 413Philippines 1 537 628 421 488 494 945 -571 120Singapore 10 916 9800b 1 117 .. 6 102 7 661b -1 559 ..Thailand 3 820 2 626 1 194 .. 735 307 427 ..Papua New Guinea 63 45.3 -0.6 17.8 .. .. .. ..
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
a Mainly consists of intra-company loans.b Includes reinvested earnings.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives226
Annex table A.II.2. Asia and the Pacific: rates of returna on FDI, selected economies, 1999-2001
(Per cent)
Region/economy 1999 2000 2001
World average 7.1 6.8 5.5Developed countries average 7.4 7.1 5.7Developing economies average 4.6 4.3 4.2
Azerbaijan 0.1 9.3 8.6China 5.6 6.2 5.8Hong Kong (China) 13.6 12.5 11.5Indonesia 5.5 5.7 5.4Kazakhstan 3.2 9.6 9.0Republic of Korea 3.0 3.1 3.3Malaysia 11.5 14.1 11.2Pakistan 3.4 6.1 7.0Papua New Guinea 13.6 10.1 10.1Philippines 3.6 9.5 8.8
Source: UNCTAD.
a The estimated rates of return were calculated based on directinvestment income divided by the average FDI stock betweenthe beginning and end of a particular year. The data for 2002were not yet available.
ANNEX A 227A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
I.3
. A
sia
an
d t
he
Pa
cif
ic:
po
ss
ible
eff
ec
ts o
f s
ele
cte
d r
eg
ion
al
ag
ree
me
nts
on
FD
I
Effe
cts
on ty
pes
of F
DI
(the
regi
onal
inst
rum
ent m
ay le
ad to
an
incr
ease
in th
e fo
llow
ing
type
s of
FD
I) on
intra
-N
ame/
date
Obj
ectiv
esKe
y el
emen
tsre
gion
al a
nd fr
om o
utsi
de th
e re
gion
Effe
cts
on c
orpo
rate
stra
tegi
es
Trad
e m
easu
res
AS
EA
N F
ree
Trad
e A
rea
(AFT
A) a
Agre
emen
t sig
ned
in 1
992
and
esta
blis
hed
on1
Janu
ary
2002
Inve
stm
ent m
easu
res
ASEA
N In
vest
men
tAr
ea(A
IA)b
Agre
emen
t sig
ned
in 1
998
and
est
ablis
hed
(for t
hem
anuf
actu
ring
sect
or fi
rst)
on 1
Jan
uary
200
3.
ASEA
N-C
hina
Com
preh
ensi
veEc
onom
icC
oope
ratio
nc
(ASE
AN-C
hina
FTA
)
Agre
emen
t sig
ned
in20
02 a
nd th
e FT
A to
be
real
ized
with
in 1
0 ye
ars.
•Be
tter u
tiliz
atio
n of
regi
onal
loca
tion
com
plem
enta
tion
that
faci
litat
es re
gion
al p
rodu
ctio
n ne
twor
k an
ddi
visi
on o
f lab
our
•G
reat
er m
arke
t acc
ess
and
mar
ket e
nlar
gem
ent
lead
ing
to o
ppor
tuni
ties
for e
xplo
itatio
n of
eco
nom
ies
of s
cale
in p
rodu
ctio
n an
d sy
nerg
ies
•C
onso
lidat
ion
and
ratio
naliz
atio
n of
pro
duct
ion
func
tions
in th
e re
gion
•Im
prov
e co
rpor
ate
com
petit
iven
ess
•Lo
caliz
atio
n of
pro
duct
ion,
influ
ence
d by
the
40%
rule
sof
orig
in a
nd g
reat
er in
volv
emen
t in
the
regi
onal
inte
grat
ion
proc
ess
•Th
e lib
eral
izat
ion
prog
ram
me
and
open
ing
up o
f sec
tors
for f
orei
gn in
vest
men
t cou
ld in
fluen
ce T
NC
s to
est
ablis
hsp
ecifi
c pr
oduc
tion
activ
ity in
spe
cific
hos
t loc
atio
n
•M
ore
corp
orat
e in
vest
men
t in
serv
ices
inci
dent
al to
the
man
ufac
turin
g, a
gric
ultu
re, f
ores
try, f
ishe
ry a
nd m
inin
gse
ctor
s ca
n be
exp
ecte
d
•TN
Cs
may
inve
st in
effi
cien
t loc
atio
n to
man
ufac
ture
tose
rvic
e th
e re
gion
al m
arke
t
•Lo
wer
tran
sact
ion
cost
cou
ld in
fluen
ce T
NC
sin
vest
men
t dec
isio
n in
favo
ur o
f the
regi
on. G
reat
erin
form
atio
n pr
ovis
ions
, tra
nspa
renc
y an
d in
vest
men
tfa
cilit
atio
n m
easu
res
coul
d co
ntrib
ute
to th
is
•G
reat
er c
erta
inty
from
bin
ding
libe
raliz
atio
n sc
hedu
les
and
com
mitm
ents
may
hel
p TN
Cs
plan
thei
rin
vest
men
t in
the
regi
on
•Be
tter u
tiliz
atio
n of
regi
onal
loca
tion
com
plem
enta
tion
that
faci
litat
es re
gion
al p
rodu
ctio
n ne
twor
k an
ddi
visi
on o
f lab
our
•G
reat
er m
arke
t acc
ess
and
mar
ket e
nlar
gem
ent
lead
ing
to o
ppor
tuni
ties
for e
xplo
iting
eco
nom
ies
ofsc
ale
in p
rodu
ctio
n an
d sy
nerg
ies
•C
onso
lidat
ion
and
ratio
naliz
atio
n of
pro
duct
ion
func
tions
, inc
ludi
ng s
peci
aliz
atio
n of
act
iviti
es a
long
valu
e ch
ain
arra
ngem
ent
•Im
prov
ing
corp
orat
e co
mpe
titiv
enes
s
/...
•In
crea
se A
SEAN
’s c
ompe
titiv
enes
sas
a p
rodu
ctio
n ba
se
•In
crea
se in
tra-r
egio
nal t
rade
•Pr
omot
e FD
I
•D
eepe
n re
gion
al e
cono
mic
coop
erat
ion
and
regi
onal
inte
grat
ion
•To
real
ize
a co
mpe
titiv
e an
dat
tract
ive
area
for F
DI
•In
crea
se F
DI
•Su
ppor
t reg
iona
l int
egra
tion
proc
ess
•St
reng
then
and
enh
ance
eco
nom
ic,
trade
and
inve
stm
ent c
oope
ratio
n
•Pr
ogre
ssiv
ely
liber
aliz
e an
dpr
omot
e tra
de, s
ervi
ces
and
inve
stm
ent
•Fa
cilit
ate
mor
e ef
fect
ive
econ
omic
inte
grat
ion
of th
e ne
wer
ASE
ANM
embe
r Sta
tes
and
brid
ge th
ede
velo
pmen
t gap
•El
imin
atio
n of
tarif
f and
non
-tarif
f bar
riers
•Tr
ade
faci
litat
ion
mea
sure
s
- h
arm
oniz
atio
n of
cus
tom
s pr
oced
ures
,ex
pedi
tious
cus
tom
s cl
eara
nce
(AFT
A gr
een
lane
)
- pr
oduc
ts s
tand
ard
and
conf
orm
ance
- m
utua
l rec
ogni
tion
arra
ngem
ent
•R
ules
of o
rigin
of 4
0% re
gion
al c
onte
nt
•G
rant
nat
iona
l tre
atm
ent
•O
pen
up o
f ind
ustri
es/li
bera
lizat
ion
•Se
ctor
s co
vere
d: m
anuf
actu
ring,
agr
icul
ture
, for
estry
,fis
hery
, min
ing,
and
ser
vice
s in
cide
ntal
to th
ese
five
sect
ors
•Tr
ansp
aren
cy
•In
vest
men
t fac
ilita
tion
and
prom
otio
n of
the
regi
onfo
r FD
I
•In
vest
men
t pro
tect
ion
•R
educ
e or
elim
inat
e in
vest
men
t im
pedi
men
ts
•Jo
int p
rom
otio
n of
ASE
AN a
s an
inve
stm
ent r
egio
n
•Es
tabl
ish
a FT
A by
201
0
•Pr
ogre
ssiv
e el
imin
atio
n of
tarif
fs a
nd n
on-ta
riff b
arrie
rs
•Pr
ogre
ssiv
e lib
eral
izat
ion
of tr
ade
in s
ervi
ces
•Es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f an
open
and
com
petit
ive
inve
stm
ent
regi
me
that
faci
litat
es a
nd p
rom
otes
FD
I
•Es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f effe
ctiv
e tra
de a
nd in
vest
men
tfa
cilit
atio
n m
easu
res
such
as
sim
plifi
catio
n of
cus
tom
spr
oced
ures
and
mut
ual r
ecog
nitio
n ar
rang
emen
ts
•O
ther
inve
stm
ent m
easu
res
(cur
rent
ly b
eing
neg
otia
ted)
•M
arke
t see
king
(tra
de-le
din
vest
men
t and
regi
onal
mar
ket-
orie
nted
)
•Ef
ficie
ncy
seek
ing
(cos
tre
duct
ion
and
expo
rt-or
ient
ed)
•R
esou
rce
seek
ing
(due
toop
enin
g up
of r
esou
rce
sect
ors)
•R
esou
rce
seek
ing
(thro
ugh
open
ing
up o
f res
ourc
e se
ctor
sfo
r FD
I)
•M
arke
t see
king
(reg
iona
lpr
oduc
tion
netw
orks
and
inve
stm
ent)
•E
ffici
ency
see
king
•M
arke
t see
king
•E
ffici
ency
see
king
•R
esou
rce
seek
ing
•Pr
oduc
tion
netw
ork
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives228A
nn
ex
ta
ble
A.I
I.3
. A
sia
an
d t
he
Pa
cif
ic:
po
ss
ible
eff
ec
ts o
f s
ele
cte
d r
eg
ion
al
ag
ree
me
nts
on
FD
I (c
on
clu
de
d)
Effe
cts
on ty
pes
of F
DI
(the
regi
onal
inst
rum
ent m
ay le
ad to
an
incr
ease
in th
e fo
llow
ing
type
s of
FD
I) on
intra
-N
ame/
date
Obj
ectiv
esKe
y el
emen
tsre
gion
al a
nd fr
om o
utsi
de th
e re
gion
Effe
cts
on c
orpo
rate
stra
tegi
es
SAAR
C P
refe
rent
ial
Trad
ing
Arra
ngem
ent
(SA
PTA
) d
Agre
emen
t sig
ned
on11
Apr
il 19
93 a
nd in
oper
atio
n in
199
5.C
urre
ntly
stu
dyin
g in
mov
ing
tow
ards
an
FTA
.
Bang
lade
sh, I
ndia
,M
yanm
ar, S
ri La
nka,
Thai
land
Eco
nom
icC
oope
ratio
n (B
IMST
EC) e
Star
ted
in J
une
1997
.Pr
opos
al h
as b
een
mad
e to
mov
e fro
m P
TA to
FTA
.
Sout
h Pa
cific
Reg
iona
lTr
ade
and
Econ
omic
Coo
pera
tion
Agre
emen
t(S
PAR
TEC
A) f
Sign
ed o
n 14
Jul
y 19
80 a
ndca
me
into
effe
ct fo
r mos
tFo
rum
Isla
nd C
ount
ries
on 1
Jan
uary
198
1.
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D.
aM
em
be
rs o
f A
FTA
: B
run
ei
Da
russ
ala
m,
Ca
mb
od
ia,
Ind
on
esi
a,
La
o P
DR
, M
ala
ysia
, M
yan
ma
r, P
hili
pp
ine
s, S
ing
ap
ore
, T
ha
ilan
d a
nd
Vie
t N
am
. T
he
Ag
ree
me
nt
wa
s su
pp
ort
ed
by
furt
he
r tr
ad
e f
aci
lita
tio
na
rra
ng
em
en
ts s
uch
as
mu
tua
l re
cog
niti
on
, st
an
da
rds
an
d c
on
form
an
ce.
bM
em
be
rs o
f AIA
: B
run
ei D
aru
ssa
lam
, C
am
bo
dia
, In
do
ne
sia
, L
ao
PD
R,
Ma
lays
ia,
Mya
nm
ar,
Ph
ilip
pin
es,
Sin
ga
po
re, T
ha
ilan
d a
nd
Vie
t N
am
.c
Me
mb
ers
of A
CF
TA:
Bru
ne
i Da
russ
ala
m,
Ca
mb
od
ia,
Ch
ina
, I
nd
on
esi
a,
La
o P
DR
, M
ala
ysia
, M
yan
ma
r, P
hili
pp
ine
s, S
ing
ap
ore
, Th
aila
nd
an
d V
iet
Na
m.
dM
em
be
rs o
f SA
AR
C P
refe
ren
tial T
rad
ing
Arr
an
ge
me
nt (
SA
PTA
): B
an
gla
de
sh, B
hu
tan
, In
dia
, Ma
ldiv
es,
Ne
pal,
Pa
kist
an
an
d S
ri L
an
ka. S
AA
RC
re
pre
sen
ts th
e S
ou
th A
sia
n A
sso
cia
tion
for
Re
gio
na
l Co
op
era
tion
.e
Me
mb
ers
of
BIM
ST
EC
: B
an
gla
de
sh,
Ind
ia,
Mya
nm
ar,
Sri
La
nka
an
d T
ha
ilan
d.
fM
em
be
rs o
f SP
AR
TE
CA
: Au
stra
lia, N
ew
Ze
ala
nd
, Co
ok
Isla
nd
s, F
ed
era
ted
Sta
tes
of M
icro
ne
sia
, Fiji
, Kir
iba
ti, M
ars
ha
ll Is
lan
ds,
Na
uru
, Niu
e, P
ap
ua
Ne
w G
uin
ea
, So
lom
on
Isla
nd
s, T
on
ga
, Tu
valu
, Va
nu
atu
an
dW
est
ern
Sa
mo
a.
•Ex
chan
ging
con
cess
ions
and
gra
ntin
g pr
efer
entia
ltra
ding
arr
ange
men
ts
•Ta
riff a
nd n
on-ta
riff r
educ
tions
on
pref
eren
tial b
asis
•Tr
ade
faci
litat
ion
mea
sure
s
•Te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e an
d co
oper
atio
n ar
rang
emen
ts
•R
ules
of o
rigin
•Si
x pr
iorit
y ar
eas,
of w
hich
trad
e an
d in
vest
men
t is
one
area
•Tr
ade
faci
litat
ion
thro
ugh
harm
oniz
atio
n of
cus
tom
spr
oced
ures
and
pra
ctic
es
•Ex
chan
ge o
f inf
orm
atio
n on
sta
ndar
d
•St
reng
then
ing
of b
anki
ng a
rran
gem
ents
to fa
cilit
ate
trade
and
inve
stm
ent a
nd to
uris
m
•Pr
omot
ion
of tr
ansp
ort a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
n fa
cilit
ies
•Pr
omot
e m
obili
ty o
f bus
ines
s pe
ople
by
faci
litat
ing
visa
issu
ance
•D
uty
free
and
unre
stric
ted
mar
ket a
cces
s (a
lmos
t all
prod
ucts
) to
Aust
ralia
and
New
Zea
land
•G
ener
al e
cono
mic
, com
mer
cial
and
tech
nica
lco
oper
atio
n
•R
ules
of o
rigin
•Ta
riff j
umpi
ng
•M
arke
t see
king
•R
esou
rce
seek
ing
•E
ffici
ency
see
king
•M
arke
t see
king
•R
esou
rce
seek
ing
•E
ffici
ency
see
king
•M
arke
t see
king
•R
esou
rce
seek
ing
•E
ffici
ency
see
king
•Po
tent
ial i
nflu
ence
on
regi
onal
mar
ket o
rient
edin
vest
men
t stra
tegi
es
•G
reat
er o
ppor
tuni
ties
for i
nves
tmen
t and
trad
e-in
vest
men
t rel
ated
act
iviti
es
•Lo
caliz
atio
n of
pro
duct
ion
to m
eet l
ocal
con
tent
rule
s.As
suc
h TN
Cs
may
inve
st in
a m
ore
effic
ient
loca
tion
and
prob
ably
als
o in
a h
ost c
ount
ry w
ith la
rge
mar
ket
size
as
wel
l as
labo
ur s
uppl
y.
•O
ppor
tuni
ties
for t
rade
-led
inve
stm
ent i
n:
-Te
xtile
s an
d cl
othi
ng-
Dru
gs a
nd p
harm
aceu
tical
s-
Gem
s an
d je
wel
lery
-H
ortic
ultu
ral a
nd fl
oric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
-Pr
oces
sed
food
-Au
tom
otiv
e in
dust
ry a
nd p
arts
-R
ubbe
r, te
a an
d co
ffee
-C
ocon
ut a
nd s
pice
s
•Lo
caliz
atio
n of
pro
duct
ion,
influ
ence
d by
the
need
toob
serv
e th
e 50
% ru
les
of o
rigin
•O
ppor
tuni
ties
for t
rade
-inve
stm
ent r
elat
ed a
ctiv
ities
in s
ervi
cing
a la
rger
mar
ket
•As
a tr
ansi
tion
to a
Sou
th A
sian
Free
Tra
de A
rea
(SAF
TA)
•To
pro
mot
e m
utua
l tra
de a
ndec
onom
ic c
oope
ratio
n
•C
reat
e an
ena
blin
g en
viro
nmen
tfo
r rap
id e
cono
mic
dev
elop
men
t
•Ac
cele
rate
soc
ial p
rogr
ess
•Pr
omot
e ac
tive
colla
bora
tion
and
mut
ual a
ssis
tanc
e
•Ec
onom
ic, c
omm
erci
al a
ndte
chni
cal o
oper
atio
n
•Au
stra
lia a
nd N
ew Z
eala
nd o
ffer
duty
free
and
unr
estri
cted
or
conc
essi
onal
acc
ess
for v
irtua
llyal
l pro
duct
s or
igin
atin
g fro
m th
ede
velo
ping
For
um Is
land
Cou
ntrie
s
ANNEX A 229
An
ne
x t
ab
le A
.II.
4.
Se
lec
ted
ca
se
s o
f e
xp
an
sio
n a
nd
re
du
cti
on
of
pro
du
cti
on
ca
pa
cit
ies
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives230
Annex table A.II.5. Developed countries: components of FDI flows in selected countries,2001-2002
(Millions of dollars)
Outflows Inflows
Reinvested Other Reinvested OtherCountry Total Equity earnings capitala Total Equity earnings capitala
France2001 92 974 54 472 6 604 31 899 55 190 20 659 2 180 32 3512002 62 544 27 530 6 968 28 046 51 503 29 887 2 496 19 120
Germany2001 42 078 55 139 - 2 899 - 10 161 33 917 26 925 - 3 222 10 2152002 24 535 44 065 - - 19 529 38 035 25 397 - 3 388 16 026
Japan2001 38 333 27 295 6 958 4 084 6 243 4 908 1 546 - 2152002 31 482 22 926 8 231 325 9 326 - 5 830 1 505 13 651
Luxembourg2002 154 072 116 627 408 37 036 125 660 111 218 2 403 12 038
Norway2001 - 1 272 575 300 - 2 148 2 212 1 314 - 382 1 2802002 3 810 5 202 338 - 1 730 615 869 - 430 176
Sweden2001 6 594 5 625 2 016 - 1 046 11 780 9 168 - 589 3 2052002 10 869 10 475 5 690 - 5 299 11 081 9 079 992 1 007
Switzerland2001 17 300 13 500 2 700 1 100 8 900 9 000 900 - 1 0002002 11 800 8 800 4 200 - 1 200 9 300 2 400 3 300 3 600
United Kingdom2001 68 037 25 949 35 482 6 606 61 958 29 158 6 973 25 8272002 39 703 20 375 44 048 - 24 720 24 945 14 724 15 405 - 5 185
United States2001 127 800 49 800 - 1 500 81 700 130 800 107 700 - 19 700 42 8002002 123 500 27 300 14 500 79 700 30 100 57 600 10 200 - 37 700
Source: UNCTAD, based on national sources.
a Mainly intra-company loans.
Note: Up to 2001, data for the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) were reported by the National Bank of Belgium. Data onLuxembourg are not available separately before 2002.
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES
A. General definitions
1. Transnational corporations
Transnational corporations (TNCs) are incorporated or unincorporated enterprises comprisingparent enterprises and their foreign affiliates. A parent enterprise is defined as an enterprise that controlsassets of other entities in countries other than its home country, usually by owning a certain equitycapital stake. An equity capital stake of 10 per cent or more of the ordinary shares or voting powerfor an incorporated enterprise, or its equivalent for an unincorporated enterprise, is normally consideredas a threshold for the control of assets.1 A foreign affiliate is an incorporated or unincorporated enterprisein which an investor, who is resident in another economy, owns a stake that permits a lasting interestin the management of that enterprise (an equity stake of 10 per cent for an incorporated enterpriseor its equivalent for an unincorporated enterprise). In the World Investment Report, subsidiary enterprises,associate enterprises and branches – defined below – are all referred to as foreign affiliates or affiliates.
• A subsidiary is an incorporated enterprise in the host country in which another entity directly ownsmore than a half of the shareholder’s voting power and has the right to appoint or remove a majorityof the members of the administrative, management or supervisory body.
• An associate is an incorporated enterprise in the host country in which an investor owns a total ofat least 10 per cent, but not more than half, of the shareholders’ voting power.
• A branch is a wholly or jointly owned unincorporated enterprise in the host country which is one ofthe following: (i) a permanent establishment or office of the foreign investor; (ii) an unincorporatedpartnership or joint venture between the foreign direct investor and one or more third parties; (iii)land, structures (except structures owned by government entities), and /or immovable equipment andobjects directly owned by a foreign resident; or (iv) mobile equipment (such as ships, aircraft, gas-or oil-drilling rigs) operating within a country, other than that of the foreign investor, for at least oneyear.
2. Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as an investment involving a long-term relationshipand reflecting a lasting interest and control by a resident entity in one economy (foreign direct investoror parent enterprise) in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that of the foreign direct investor(FDI enterprise or affiliate enterprise or foreign affiliate).2 FDI implies that the investor exerts a significantdegree of influence on the management of the enterprise resident in the other economy. Such investmentinvolves both the initial transaction between the two entities and all subsequent transactions betweenthem and among foreign affiliates, both incorporated and unincorporated. FDI may be undertaken byindividuals as well as business entities.
Flows of FDI comprise capital provided (either directly or through other related enterprises)by a foreign direct investor to an FDI enterprise, or capital received from an FDI enterprise by a foreigndirect investor. FDI has three components: equity capital, reinvested earnings and intra-company loans.
• Equity capital is the foreign direct investor’s purchase of shares of an enterprise in a country otherthan its own.
• Reinvested earnings comprise the direct investor’s share (in proportion to direct equity participation)of earnings not distributed as dividends by affiliates, or earnings not remitted to the direct investor.Such retained profits by affiliates are reinvested.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives232
• Intra-company loans or intra-company debt transactions refer to short- or long-term borrowing andlending of funds between direct investors (parent enterprises) and affiliate enterprises.
FDI stock is the value of the share of their capital and reserves (including retained profits)attributable to the parent enterprise, plus the net indebtedness of affiliates to the parent enterprise.FDI flow and stock data used in the World Investment Report are not always defined as above, becausethese definitions are often not applicable to disaggregated FDI data. For example, in analysinggeographical and industrial trends and patterns of FDI, data based on approvals of FDI may also beused because they allow a disaggregation at the country or industry level. Such cases are denotedaccordingly.
3. Non-equity forms of investment
Foreign direct investors may also obtain an effective voice in the management of another businessentity through means other than acquiring an equity stake. These are non-equity forms of FDI, andthey include, inter alia, subcontracting, management contracts, turnkey arrangements, franchising,licensing and product sharing. Data on these forms of transnational corporate activity are usually notseparately identified in the balance-of-payments statistics. These statistics, however, usually presentdata on royalties and licensing fees, defined as “receipts and payments of residents and non-residentsfor: (i) the authorized use of intangible non-produced, non-financial assets and proprietary rights suchas trademarks, copyrights, patents, processes, techniques, designs, manufacturing rights, franchises,etc., and (ii) the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals or prototypes, such asmanuscripts, films, etc.”3
B. Availability, limitations and estimates of FDIdata presented in the World Investment Report
1 . FDI flows
Data on FDI flows in annex tables B.1 and B.2, as well as in most of the tables in the text, areon a net basis (capital transactions’ credits less debits between direct investors and their foreign affiliates).Net decreases in assets (FDI outward) or net increases in liabilities (FDI inward) are recorded as credits(recorded with a positive sign in the balance of payments), while net increases in assets or net decreasesin liabilities are recorded as debits (recorded with a negative sign in the balance of payments). Inthe annex tables, as well as in the tables in the text, the negative signs are deleted for practical purpose.Hence, FDI flows with a negative sign in the World Investment Report indicate that at least one ofthe three components of FDI (equity capital, reinvested earnings or intra-company loans) is negativeand is not offset by positive amounts of the other components. These are instances of reverse investmentor disinvestment.
UNCTAD regularly collects published and unpublished national official FDI flows data directlyfrom central banks, statistical offices or national authorities on an aggregated and disaggregated basisfor its FDI/TNC database. These data constitute the main source for the reported data on FDI flows.These data are further complemented by the data obtained from: (i) other international organisationssuch as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD); (ii) regional organizations such as the United Nations EconomicCommission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the ASEAN Secretariat and the EuropeanBank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD); and (iii) UNCTAD’s own estimates.
For those economies for which data were not available from national official sources, or for thosefor which data are not available for the entire period of 1980-2002 covered in the World InvestmentReport 2003, data from the IMF were obtained using the IMF’s CD-ROMs on International FinancialStatistics and Balance of Payments, June 2003.
For those economies for which data were not available from national official sources or the IMF,or for those for which data are not available for the entire period of 1980-2002, data from the WorldBank’s World Development Indicators 2003 CD-ROM were used. This report covers data up to 2002and reports data on net FDI flows (FDI inflows less FDI outflows) and FDI inward flows only.
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 233
Consequently, data on FDI outflows, which are reported as World Bank data, are estimated by subtractingFDI inward flows from net FDI flows.
For those economies in Latin America and the Caribbean for which data are not available fromone of the above-mentioned sources, data from ECLAC were utilized. Data from the EBRD were alsoutilized for those economies in Central Asia for which data were not available from one of the above-mentioned sources.
Furthermore, data on the FDI outflows of the OECD, as presented in its publication, GeographicalDistribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, and as obtained from its on-line databank,are used as a proxy for FDI inflows. As these OECD data are based on FDI outflows to developingeconomies from the member countries of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD,4
inflows of FDI to developing economies may be underestimated. In some economies, FDI data fromlarge recipients and investors are also used as proxies.
Finally, in those economies for which data were not available from either of the above-mentionedsources, or only partial data (quarterly or monthly) were available, estimates were made by: annualisingthe data, if they are only partially available (monthly or quarterly) from either the IMF or nationalofficial sources; using data on cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and their growth rates;and using UNCTAD’s own estimates.
The following sections give details of how data on FDI flows for each economy used in the Reportwere obtained.
a. FDI inflows
Those economies for which data from national official sources were used for the period, 1980-2002, or part of it, are listed below.
Period Economy
1980-2002 Bolivia; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Finland; Japan; Republic of Korea; Peru; TaiwanProvince of China; Tunisia; Turkey; United States and Venezuela
1980-1993 and 1995-2002 Congo1980-1985 and 1995-2002 Paraguay1982-2002 Sweden1985-2002 Austria; Burundi; Denmark; Pakistan and Senegal1986-2002 Ecuador; France and Switzerland1987-2002 Germany and the Netherlands1988-2002 Iceland; Lesotho; Mauritius and the United Kingdom1988-1991 and 1994-2002 Slovenia1989-2002 Australia1989-1992 and 2000-2002 Armenia1990-2002 Algeria; Angola; Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Aruba; Bahamas; Benin;
Botswana; Bulgaria; Colombia; Costa Rica; Côte d’Ivoire; Czech Republic;Dominica; Dominican Republic; Egypt; Fiji; Gambia; Ghana; Greece; Grenada;Guatemala; Honduras; Ireland; Israel; Jamaica; Kenya; Madagascar; Mexico;Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; Norway; Portugal;Romania; Rwanda; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and theGrenadines; Seychelles; Slovakia; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Suriname; Swaziland;United Republic of Tanzania; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Yemen and Zimbabwe
1990-1991 and 1992-2002 Zambia1991-2002 Djibouti; Haïti; India; Nicaragua and Uganda;1992-2002 Argentina; Belarus; Burkina Faso; Estonia; Guyana; Kazakhstan; Lithuania;
Mongolia; Niger and Serbia and Montenegro1992-1993 and 1996-2002 Russian Federation1992-1993 and 1999-2002 Republic of Moldova and Ukraine1993-2002 Croatia; Kuwait; Mali and Uruguay1994-2002 Albania; Azerbaijan; Cape Verde; Spain and the TFYR Macedonia1995-2002 Central African Republic; Chad; Equatorial Guinea and Gabon1996-2002 Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sudan1997-2002 Bahrain and Guinea-Bissau1998-2002 El Salvador; Hong Kong (China); Latvia and New Zealand1999-2002 China
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives234
Period Economy
2000-2002 Italy and Netherlands Antilles2001-2002 Bangladesh2002 Belgium; Jordan; Kyrgyzstan; Luxembourg; Poland and Vanuatu1985-2001 Barbados1990-2001 Belize and Malawi1991-2001 Cyprus1992-2001 Ethiopia1993-2001 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya1995-2001 Oman1996-2001 Solomon Islands1999-2001 Belgium and Luxembourg2001 Macau (China) and Tajikistan1997-2000 Occupied Palestinian Territory1985-1997 Papua New Guinea1994-1996 Georgia1990-1995 Indonesia1980-1994 Thailand1990-1994 Malaysia; the Philippines; Singapore and Viet Nam1986-1991 Hungary
Those economies for which national official sources provided either preliminary or estimateddata are listed below.
Period Economy
2002 Benin; Burkina Faso; Central African Republic; Chad; Congo; Côte d’Ivoire;Djibouti; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Jamaica;Madagascar; Mali; Morocco; Niger; Senegal; Suriname;Togo and Uganda
As mentioned above, one of the main sources for annex table B.1 is the IMF. Those economiesfor which IMF data were used for the period, 1980-2002, or part of it, are listed below.
Period Economy
1980-2002 Malta and Panama1997-2002 Georgia1980-2001 Jordan; Poland and Saudi Arabia1980-1984 and 1998-2001 Papua New Guinea1982-2001 Vanuatu1984-1993 and 2000-2001 Tonga1986-2001 Guinea and Maldives1993-2001 Kyrgyzstan2001 São Tomé and Principe1983-1984 and 1986-2000 Bangladesh1994-2000 Islamic Republic of Iran1996-2000 Eritrea and Nepal1980-1999 Netherlands Antilles1993-1999 Armenia1980-1998 Belgium and Luxembourg; China and Italy1980-1995 and 1998 Mauritania1994-1998 Republic of Moldova and Ukraine1980-1997 New Zealand1980-1993 and 1995-1997 El Salvador1992-1997 Latvia1996-1997 Turkmenistan1980 and 1982-1996 Bahrain1980-1995 Cameroon; Sierra Leone and Solomon Islands1987-1995 Comoros1994-1995 Russian Federation1980-1994 Central African Republic; Gabon and Oman1983 and 1985-1994 Kiribati1984-1989 and 1991-1994 Chad
/...
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 235
Period Economy
1986-1994 Paraguay1988-1994 Lao People’s Democratic Republic1989-1994 Equatorial Guinea and Myanmar1992-1994 Cambodia1994 New Caledonia1980-1993 Spain1986-1993 Cape Verde1990-1993 Brunei Darussalam1992-1993 Albania and Slovenia1980-1992 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Mali1980-1991 Argentina and Niger1980-1990 Cyprus1980-1989 Algeria; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Colombia;
Costa Rica; Côte d’Ivoire; Dominican Republic; Egypt; Fiji; Ghana; Greece;Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Indonesia; Ireland; Israel; Jamaica; Kenya; Malaysia;Mexico; Morocco; Nigeria; Norway; Philippines; Portugal; Rwanda; Saint Kittsand Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Seychelles; Singapore;South Africa; Sri Lanka; Suriname; Swaziland; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Zambiaand Zimbabwe
1980-1984 and 1988-1989 Benin1981 and 1987-1989 Gambia1982-1989 Dominica and Grenada1984-1989 Belize1984-1985 and 1989 Sudan1985-1989 Angola1986-1989 Montserrat and Mozambique1989 Madagascar amd Nicaragua1980-1988 Australia1980-1981, 1986-1988 Uruguay1980-1987 Iceland; Lesotho; Mauritius; United Kingdom and Yemen1980-1981, 1983, 1985 and 1987 Malawi1982-1987 Liberia1980-1986 Germany and the Netherlands1980-1985 Ecuador; France and Guyana1982-1985 Somalia1983-1985 Switzerland1980-1984 Austria; Barbados; Pakistan and Senegal1981-1984 Denmark1981-1982 Hungary1980-1981 Sweden
Those economies for which World Bank data were used for the period, 1980-2002, or part ofit, are listed below.
Period Economy
1995-2000 Lebanon1996-2000 Cameroon1992-1994 and 1998-1999 Samoa1995-1999 Tonga1997 Kiribati1992-1995 Nepal1993-1995 Somalia1992 Zambia1990-1991 Ethiopia1990 Haiti1989 Czech Republic
ECLAC data were used for the Virgin Islands (the United Kingdom) for the period 1990-1997.
Data from the ASEAN Secretariat were used for the South-East Asian countries for the period1995 to 2002. The data are on a balance-of-payments basis. Malaysia and Singapore report data basedon surveys of companies.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives236
Those economies for which data from EBRD’s Transition Report 2002 were used for the period,1980-2002, or part of it, are listed below.
Period Economy
1992-2000 and 2002 Uzbekistan1993-1995 and 1998-2002 Turkmenistan1992-2000 Tajikistan
For those economies in which FDI inflows data were unavailable from the above-mentioned sources,UNCTAD’s estimates were used on the following basis:
• Net foreign direct investment flows
Estimates were applied by using the net FDI flows from either national official sources or theIMF for the economies and the years listed below.
(a) National official sources
Year Economy
1995-2002 Trinidad and Tobago
(b) IMF
Year Economy
1995-2000 Syrian Arab Republic
• Annualised data
Estimates were applied by annualising quarterly data obtained from either national official sourcesor the IMF for the economies and the years listed below.
(a) National official sources
Year Latest quarter/month Economy
2002 Third quarter CyprusFirst quarter Tajikistan
2001 August Ethiopia
(b) IMF
Year Latest quarter Economy
1994 Second quarter Tonga
• Proxy
In estimating FDI inflows for some economies for which data were not available, OECD dataon outward flows from DAC member countries are used as proxies for FDI inflows. These economiesfor which this methodology was applied, for the period 1980-2002, or part of it, are listed below (thesedata were available until 2001 only at the time of the compilation of inflow data):
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 237
Period Economy
1980-2001 Bermuda; Cayman Islands; Democratic Republic of Congo; Gibraltar andUnited Arab Emirates
1980-1981, 1986-1992 and 1998-2001 Somalia1980, 1982-1989 and 1998-2001 Virgin Islands (United Kingdom)1980-1981 and 1988-2001 Liberia1980, 1983, 1985-1986, 1988-1993, 1995-1996 and 1998-2001 New Caledonia1980-1993 and 2001 Islamic Republic of Iran1980-1991 and 2001 Nepal1980 and 1982-2001 Cuba1980 and 1983-2001 Qatar1980-1983, 1987, 1991-1994 and 1996-2001 Afghanistan1980-1995 and 1997-2001 Iraq1982 and 1996-2001 Comoros1987-2001 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea1994, 1996, 1998-1999 and 2001 Tuvalu1996-2001 Sierra Leone1996-1997 and 1999-2001 Mauritania2001 Eritrea; Cameroon and Uzbekistan1982-1983 and 1985-2000 Macao (China)1983-1988, 1990-1991, 1995-1997 and 2000 Samoa1987-1989, 1993 and 1995-2000 São Tomé and Principe1990-1991, 1995-1997 and 2000 Bhutan1984-1992 and 1994-1996 Guinea-Bissau1980-1983, 1986-1988 and 1990-1995 Sudan1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina1980-1994 Lebanon1980, 1982-1988 and 1994 Brunei Darussalam1994 Congo and El Salvador1980-1992 Kuwait1980-1981 and 1983-1992 Syrian Arab Republic1982-1985 and 1989-1992 Uruguay1986-1991 Guyana1990-1991 Burkina Faso1986 and 1991 Mongolia1980-1990 India1980-1987 and 1989-1990 Djibouti1980, 1982, 1985 and 1988-1990 Uganda1980-1989 United Republic of Tanzania1981-1982,1985-1986 and 1988-1989 Viet Nam1982, 1984, 1986 and 1988-1989 Malawi1985 and 1987-1989 Namibia1988-1989 Yemen1989 Aruba1980-1988 Ethiopia and Madagascar1981-1988 Equatorial Guinea1981, 1985-1988 and 1990 Nicaragua1985-1987 Benin1980 and 1982-1986 Gambia1980, 1983-1984 and 1986-1987 Myanmar1980-1981 and 1983-1985 Guinea1980-1982 and 1985 Bangladesh1980-1985 Maldives and Mozambique1985 Lao People’s Democratic Republic1980-1984 Angola; Burundi1980-1981 and 1983 Chad1980-1981 Vanuatu1981 Bahrain; Belize and Dominica1980 Cambodia; Grenada
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives238
• Estimates of UNCTAD
Estimates of UNCTAD based on national and secondary information sources are applied to thefollowing economies and periods where FDI inflows data are not available:
Period Economy Methodology
1980-1982, 1989 and 2001-2002 Samoa1981-1982, 1984, 1987, 1997 and 2002 New Caledonia1981-1982 and 2002 Qatar1982 and 2001-2002 Syrian Arab Republic1983 and 2002 Guinea1995-1996 and 1998-2002 Kiribati1995, 1997, 2000 and 2002 Tuvalu1995 and 2002 Afghanistan1996-1997 and 2002 Somalia1996 and 2001-2002 Occupied Palestinian Territory1996 and 2002 Iraq1998-1999 and 2001-2002 Bhutan2001-2002 Lebanon
2002 Barbados; Belize; Bermuda;Cayman Islands; Cuba; Gibraltar;Liberia; Mauritania andVirgin Islands (the United Kingdom)
Cameroon; Comoros; DemocraticRepublic of Congo; Eritrea;Ethiopia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya;Malawi; São Tomé and Principeand Sierra Leone
Islamic Republic of Iran; DemocraticPeople’s Republic of Korea; Macau(China); Maldives; Nepal; Oman;Papua New Guinea; Saudi Arabia;Solomon Islands; Tonga andUnited Arab Emirates
1980-1997 Hong Kong (China) Reported investment by major investoreconomies were used.
1993 Guinea-Bissau1982, 1990 Chad1981 and 1989 Brunei Darussalam1989 Ethiopia1988 Djibouti1980, 1983-1984 and 1987 Viet Nam1986 Namibia1980 Denmark and Equatorial Guinea
The data for India, presented in Annex table B.1., are equity investment only, as reported bythe Reserve Bank of India. After closing the data collection for this Report, the Reserve Bank of Indiareleased the revised FDI data on 30 June 2003. The revised data include all of the three componentsof FDI, which for fiscal year 2000/01 was $ 4.1 billion and $ 6.1 billion for fiscal year 2001/02.
Estimated by projecting investment trend.
Estimated by monitoring investmentsituation using secondary sources. ForBarbados, Bermuda, Cayman Islands andVirgin Island investment reported bymajor investor economies were used inaddition.
Estimated by using averages of theproportion of FDI on GDP, for four years(current account cycle of depreciation),adjusted for the 2002 GDP growth rate.Data for Libyan Arab Jamahiriya wereestimated by netting UNCTAD’s estimateon FDI outward flows from net FDI flows
Estimated by using averages of theproportion of FDI on GDP for four years(current account cycle of depreciation),adjusted for the 2002 GDP growth rate.Data for Saudi Arabia and Oman wereobtained after consulting with Balanceof Payments department officials.
Estimated by projecting investment trend.
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 239
b. FDI outflows
Those economies for which national official sources data were used for the period, 1980-2002,or part of it, are listed below.
Period Economy
1980-2002 Brazil; Canada; Chile; Finland; Japan; Republic of Korea; Taiwan Province ofChina; Thailand; United Kingdom and the United States
1981-2002 Tunisia1982-2002 Sweden1983-2002 Zimbabwe1985-2002 Austria; Denmark and Pakistan1986-2002 France and Switzerland1986-1989 and 1991-2002 Poland1987-2002 Germany; Netherlands and Turkey1998-2002 Algeria; Iceland and Mauritius1989-2002 Australia and Nigeria1990-2002 Bahamas; Botswana; Burundi; Colombia; Costa Rica; Côte d’Ivoire; Egypt; Fiji;
Gambia; Ireland; Israel; Jamaica; Kenya; Kuwait; Morocco; Namibia; Norway;the Philippines; Portugal; Romania; Senegal; Seychelles; Singapore; South Africa;Sri Lanka; Swaziland; Togo and Venezuela
1990-1996 and 2000-2002 Bangladesh1992-2002 Argentina; Aruba; Estonia; Latvia; Niger and Slovakia1992-1998 and 2001-2002 Mexico1993-2002 Burkina Faso; Croatia; Czech Republic; India; Mali and the Russian Federation1994-2002 Cape Verde; Kazakhstan; Republic of Moldova; Slovenia; Spain and Ukraine1995-2002 Central African Republic; Chad; Congo; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Lithuania
and Paraguay1996-2002 Benin and TFYR Macedonia1997-2002 Bahrain; Belarus and Uruguay1998-2002 El Salvador; Greece; Hong Kong (China) and New Zealand1999-2002 Ecuador and Italy2000-2002 Guinea-Bissau and the Netherlands Antilles2002 Belgium; China; Jordan and Luxembourg1980-2001 Malaysia1985-2001 Barbados1990-2001 Indonesia1991-2001 Cyprus1992-2001 Albania1993-2001 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya1999-2001 Belgium and Luxembourg and Trinidad and Tobago1995-2001 Bulgaria2001 Macau (China)1990-2000 Belize2000 Brunei Darussalam; Samoa; Solomon Islands and Tonga1980-1999 Bolivia1998-1999 Azerbaijan1999 Armenia1992 and 1995-1997 Bosnia and Herzegovina1991-1995 Hungary1988-1992 Papua New Guinea1990-1991 Haiti
Those economies for which national official sources provided either preliminary or estimateddata are listed below.
Period Economy
2002 Benin; Burkina Faso; Central African Republic; Chad; Congo; Côte d’Ivoire;Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Guinea-Bissau; Madagascar; Mali; Morocco; Niger;Senegal; Singapore and Togo
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives240
As mentioned above, one of the main sources for annex table B.2 is the IMF. Those economiesfor which IMF data were used for the period, 1980-2002, or part of it, are listed below.
Period Economy
1993-2002 Malta1996-2002 Hungary1999-2002 Georgia2000 and 2002 Azerbaijan1980-1996 and 1999-2001 Jordan1982-2001 China1998-2001 Kyrgyzstan2000-2001 Bolivia1980-1999 Netherlands Antilles1995-1999 Peru1997-1999 Bangladesh1980-1998 Belgium and Luxembourg and Italy1998 Armenia1980-1997 New Zealand1990-1996 Bahrain1993-1996 Dominican Republic1996 El Salvador; Guinea1980-1995 Cameroon1981-1984 and 1995 Benin1980-1983, 1985-1989 and 1991-1994 Chad1982-1994 Central African Republic1990 and 1993-1994 Angola1994 Kiribati1980-1993 Gabon and Spain1988-1993 Cape Verde1990-1993 Tonga1992-1993 Slovenia1980-1982 and 1987-1992 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya1980-1991 Algeria; Niger1989-1991 Czechoslovakia (former) and Equatorial Guinea1985 and 1987-1990 Cyprus1990 Comoros1980-1989 Colombia; Costa Rica; Egypt; Fiji; Israel; Kenya; Kuwait; Norway; Portugal;
Senegal; Seychelles; Singapore; South Africa and Swaziland1982 and 1984-1989 Venezuela1985-1989 Sri Lanka1989 Bahamas and Burundi1980-1988 Australia1982-1988 Uruguay1986-1988 Mauritania1988 Lesotho; São Tomé and Principe1980-1987 Papua New Guinea1983-1987 Trinidad and Tobago1986-1987 Iceland1980-1986 Burkina Faso; Germany and the Netherlands1982-1986 Yemen1980-1985 France and Poland1980-1981 and 1983-1985 Botswana1983-1985 Switzerland1980-1984 Austria and Barbados1981-1984 Denmark1984 Pakistan1980-1983 Argentina1980-1981 Sweden
Where data were unavailable from the above-mentioned sources, estimates were applied byannualising quarterly data obtained from national official sources for the economies and the years listedbelow.
Year Latest quarter Economy
2002 Third quarter Cyprus
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 241
The World Bank reports only data on net FDI flows and FDI inward flows. Therefore, for selectedeconomies, FDI outward flows were estimated by subtracting FDI inflows from net FDI flows. Thismethodology was used for the economies and years listed below.
Period Economy
1985, 1988-1989 and 1992-2000 Uganda1990-2000 Saint Kitts and Nevis1990-1991 and 1995-2000 Saint Lucia1990-1992 and 1996-2000 Mozambique1990-1993 and 1997-2000 Grenada1997-2000 Ethiopia1984, 1987, 1990-1991and 1999 Honduras1991, 1995-1997 and 1999 Angola1991; 1995 and 1998-1999 Lao People’s Democratic Republic1992-1993, 1998 United Republic of Tanzania1995 and 1998 Papua New Guinea1980-1984, 1990-1991 and 1993-1994 Paraguay1991 and 1993-1994 Sierra Leone1993-1994 Uruguay1989-1993 El Salvador1993 Nicaragua1990-1992 Guatemala and Solomon Islands1992 Bulgaria and Lesotho1991 Comoros1986-1988 and 1990 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1990 Mauritania1984 and 1986-1989 Bangladesh1986-1989 Tonga1987 and 1989 Belize1980-1981, 1983, 1985 and 1987 Togo1984-1987 Mauritius1980-1983 Pakistan
In the case of economies for which FDI outflows data were unavailable from the above-mentionedsources, three methodologies were used to calculate the estimates of UNCTAD.
• Proxy
Inflows of FDI to large recipient economies were used as a proxy. Those economies for whichthis methodology was used for the period, 1980-2002, or part of it, are listed below.
Economy Period Proxy countries/region
Algeria 1992-1996 Belgium and Luxembourg and France1997 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United States
Anguilla 1997-2000 United StatesAntigua and Barbuda 1992-1996 and 1998 Belgium and Luxembourg and the United States
1997 and 1999-2000 United StatesArgentina 1984-1986 United States and Venezuela
1987-1988 Brazil; Chile; France; Germany; United States and Venezuela1989-1991 Belgium and Luxembourg; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia;
Ecuador; France; Germany; Netherlands; United States andVenezuela
Bahamas 1980-1985 United States1986-1988 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United States
Bahrain 1982 United States1985-1989 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United States
Bermuda 1980-1984 Brazil; Colombia; United States and Venezuela1985-1999 Belgium and Luxembourg; Brazil; Colombia; France; United States
and Venezuela2001-2002 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United States
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993-1994 United StatesBurkina Faso 1987-1990 Belgium and Luxembourg and FranceCameroon 1996-1999 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United States
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives242
Economy Period Proxy countries/region
Cayman Island 1980-1987 Belgium and Luxembourg; Brazil; Chile; Colombia and Venezuela1988-2002 Belgium and Luxembourg; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; France;
Mexico; Sweden and VenezuelaCongo 1988-1994 Belgium and Luxembourg and FranceCôte d’Ivoire 1989 Belgium and Luxembourg and FranceDominican Republic 1992 and 1997-2002 United StatesEcuador 1980-1983 Brazil; Colombia; Peru and the United States
1984-1998 Belgium and Luxembourg; Brazil; Colombia; Peruand the United States
Equatorial Guinea 1993 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United StatesGreece 1987-1994 Belgium and Luxembourg; Denmark; France; Germany;
Netherlands; Spain and the United States1995-1997 Belgium and Luxembourg; Denmark; France; Germany; Italy;
the Netherlands; Portugal; Spain and the United StatesGuatemala 1995-2001 Colombia; Honduras and the United StatesGuinea 1997-1999 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United StatesGuyana 1992-1993, 1996 and
1999-2000 United StatesHaiti 1993 and 1995-2000 United StatesHong Kong (China) 1980-1997 China; the European Union and the United StatesIndia 1980-1992 The European Union and the United StatesIndonesia 1980-1989 The European Union and the United StatesIslamic Republic of Iran 1991-1994 and 2000-2001 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and Germany
1995-1999 Belgium and Luxembourg; France; Germany and the United StatesIreland 1987-1989 Belgium and Luxembourg; France; Germany; Netherlands; United
Kingdom and the United StatesJordan 1997-1998 United StatesLao People’s Democratic Republic 2000-2001 ThailandLebanon 1982-2000 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United States
2000-2001 FranceLiberia 1980-2001 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United StatesMadagascar 1986-1996 Belgium and Luxembourg and France
1997-2000 Belgium and Luxembourg; France and the United StatesMali 1986-1992 Belgium and Luxembourg and FranceMexico 1980-1991 and 1990-2000 Belgium and Luxembourg; Colombia; Ecuador; France;
United States; VenezuelaNicaragua 1996-2001 Belgium and Luxembourg; Costa Rica; El Salvador and
the United StatesNigeria 1980-1982 and 1986-1988 Belgium and Luxembourg; Brazil and the United StatesOman 1985-1986 and 1988-2000 Belgium and Luxembourg; the United StatesPanama 1980-2002 Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Peru; United States and VenezuelaPeru 1990-1994 and 2002 Belgium and Luxembourg; Colombia; Ecuador and FranceThe Philippines 1980-1989 The European Union and the United StatesQatar 2000-2001 France and the United StatesRwanda 1985-1998 Belgium and LuxembourgSaudi Arabia 1980-2001 Belgium and Luxembourg; France; Morocco and the United StatesSierra Leone 1985, 1988-1990, 1992,
1995-1996 and 1998 Belgium and LuxembourgTogo 1986 and 1988-1989 Belgium and Luxembourg and FranceTrinidad and Tobago 1988-1990, 1993-1994
and 1997-1998 United StatesUnited Arab Emirates 1980-1984 United States
1985-2002 Belgium and Luxembourg; France; Netherlands andthe United States
United Republic of Tanzania 2000 United StatesVirgin Islands (United Kingdom) 1993-2002 United States
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 243
• Cross-border M&As
Data on cross-border M&As and their growth rates were used to estimate FDI outflows. Thoseeconomies are listed below.
Period Economy
1996 and 1998 Ghana1995-1998 Qatar1991; 1993 and 1995-1996 Brunei Darussalam1993 Cambodia
• Estimates of UNCTAD
Estimates of UNCTAD based on national and secondary information sources are applied to thefollowing economies and periods where FDI inflows data are not available:
Period Economy Methodology
1983-1986 and 2002 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya1985-1986, 1988-1989, 1992-1998 and 2000-2002 Honduras1986-1987, 1997 and 1999-2002 Sierra Leone1986-1987, 1990-1991 and 2001-2002 Uganda1987 and 2001-2002 Oman1988 and 2001-2002 Belize1992-1994, 1996-1997 and 2002 Lao People’s Democratic Republic1992-1994 and 2001-2002 Saint Lucia1992, 1994 and 2001-2002 Haiti1994-1995, 1997-1998 and 2001-2002 Guyana1994-1997, 1999 and 2001-2002 United Republic of Tanzania1994-1996 and 2001-2002 Grenada1993-1994 and 2002 Guatemala1993-1994, 1996-1997, 1999 and 2002 Papua New Guinea;1995-1996 and 2002 Trinidad and Tobago
1996-2002 Malawi Estimated by calculating the difference in stock andby projecting investment trend.
1997-1999 and 2001-2002 Brunei Darussalam1997 and 1999-2002 Ghana1998 and 2000-2002 Angola1999-2002 Rwanda;1999 and 2002 Qatar;2000-2002 Armenia; Cameroon; Guinea; Peru2001-2002 Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda;
Ethiopia; Mozambique; Saint Kittsand Nevis;
2002 Albania; Barbados; Bolivia;Indonesia; Islamic Republic of Iran;Kyrgyzstan; Lebanon; Liberia;Malaysia; Nicaragua and Saudi Arabia
2001 Azerbaijan1999 Dominican Republic; Virgin Islands
(United Kingdom)1997 El Salvador1994 Gabon1985-1989 and 1992 Paraguay1991-1992 Burkina Faso
/...
Estimated by monitoring investment situation usingsecondary sources and investments reported by majorinvestment recipients.
Estimated by monitoring investment situation usingsecondary sources and investments reported by majorinvestment recipients.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives244
Period Economy Methodology
1992 Czech Republic Estimated by calculating the difference in stock.
1984 and 1990 Chad1990 Poland1980-1989 Morocco1982 and 1986-1989 Botswana1989 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1989-1992, 1995-1996 Uruguay1986 Cyprus1983-1985 Nigeria1985 Bangladesh1983 Venezuela1982 and 1984 Togo1980-1981 Central African Republic1980 Denmark
Up to 2001, the National Bank of Belgium reported FDI data for the Belgium and LuxembourgEconomic Union. As of 2002, this economic union is no longer in effect. Consequently, FDI dataare reported separately by the respective national authorities. It is, therefore, difficult to comparethe 2002 data with the combined flows as reported in previous years because of different methodologies.
In the case of Lesotho, the Lesotho Highland Water Project is excluded from its FDI as it is notconsidered as foreign investment.
2. FDI stocks
Annex tables B.3 and B.4, as well as some tables in the text, present data on FDI stocks at bookvalue or historical cost, reflecting prices at the time when the investment was made.
UNCTAD regularly collects published and unpublished national official FDI stock data directlyfrom central banks, statistical offices or national authorities on an aggregated and disaggregated basisfor its FDI/TNC database. These data constitute the main source for the reported data on FDI stocks.They are further complemented by the data obtained from the IMF.
For economies in which data were not available from national official sources, or for those inwhich data were not available for the entire period of 1980-2002, data on International InvestmentPosition assets and liabilities from the IMF’s CD-ROMs on International Financial Statistics and Balanceof Payments, June 2003, were used instead.
For a large number of economies (as indicated in the footnotes of annex tables B.3 and B.4),FDI stocks are estimated by either cumulating FDI flows over a period of time or adding or subtractingflows to an FDI stock that has been obtained for a particular year from national official sources orthe IMF data series on assets and liabilities of direct investment.
In the case of the Republic of Korea, outward investment stocks obtained from the Bank of Koreawere used to estimate the data for the period 1994 to 2001.
Those economies for which national official data were used for the period, 1980-2002, or partof it, are listed below.
Country/economy Inward stock Outward stock
Australia 1980-1985 and 1989-2002 1980-2002Austria 1990-2002 1990-2002Argentina 1980-1989 and 1991-2001 1991-1999Bangladesh 1980-1988 NoneBelgium and Luxembourg 1980 1980Bolivia 1980-1999 1986-1999Bosnia and Herzegovina 1998 NoneBotswana 1990-2002 1990-2002Brazil 1980-1992 and 1995-1999 None
/...
Estimated by monitoring investment situation usingsecondary sources and investments reported by majorinvestment recipients.
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 245
Country/economy Inward stock Outward stock
Cambodia 1994-1998 NoneCanada 1980-2002 1980-2002Chile 1980-2001 1980-1992 and 1996-2001China 1997 and 2000 1981-1989Colombia 1980-2002 1980-2002Costa Rica 1980-1990 NoneCroatia 1996-1997 1992-1997Czech Republic 1992-2002 1992-2002Denmark 1980-2001 1980-2001Dominican Republic 1980-1990 NoneEcuador 1980-1990 and 1993-2002 NoneEl Salvador 1980-1990, 1993-1995 and 1998-2002 1998-2002Estonia 1996-2002 1996-2002Fiji 1980-1989 NoneFinland 1980-2001 1980-2001France 1989-2002 1989-2002Gambia 1990-2001 1990-2001Georgia 1995-1998 NoneGermany 1980-2001 1980-2001Greece 1980-1989 and 1999-2000 1999-2000Guatemala 1990-2002 NoneHong Kong (China) 1997-2001 1998-2001Hungary 1990-2001 1990-2001Iceland 1988-2002 1988-2002India 1980-1988 1992Indonesia 1980-1999 1993-1999Ireland 1999-2001 1999-2001Israel 1990-2002 1990-2002Italy 1980-2002 1994-2002Japan 1996-2001 1996-2001Kazakhstan 1993-2002 1995-2002Republic of Korea 1980-2002 1980-2001Latvia 1995-2002 1991-2002Lithuania 1991-2002 1994-2002Macau (China) 2001 2001Malawi None 1996-1998Malaysia None 1980-1998Mexico 1990-2001 2001-2002Republic of Moldova 1992-2002 1994-2002Namibia 1990-2001 1990-2001Nepal 2001 None Netherlands 1980-2001 1980-2001New Zealand 1980-1988 NoneNorway 1987-2001 1988-2000Pakistan 1980-2001 1980-2001Papua New Guinea 1980-1997 1980-1989Peru 1980-1999 and 2001-2002 1980-1990The Philippines 1980-2001 1980-1988 and 1990-2001Poland 1990-1999 1990-2000Portugal 1990-2002 1990-2002Romania 1990-2002 1990-2002Russian Federation 1993-1999 1992-1999Singapore 1980-2000 1990-2000Slovakia 1990-2000 1994-2000Slovenia 1993-2000 1990-2000South Africa 1980-2002 1980-2002Spain 1980-2001 1990-2002Sri Lanka 1980-1988 NoneSwaziland 1990-2002 1990-2002Sweden 1986-2002 1986-2002Switzerland 1980-2002 1980-1983 and 1986-2002Taiwan Province of China 1980-1988 1980-1988Thailand 1980-2000 1980-2000Trinidad and Tobago 1980-1990 NoneTunisia 1980-2002 1980-2002Turkey 2000-2001 2000-2001
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives246
Country/economy Inward stock Outward stock
Ukraine 1991-2001 1993-2001United Kingdom 1980-2002 1980-2002United States 1980-2001 1980-2001Uruguay 1996-2002 1996-1999Venezuela 1980-2002 1990-2002Yemen 1990-2002 None
Those economies for which national official sources provided either preliminary or estimateddata are listed below.
Country/economy Inward stock Outward stock
1990-2002 Yemen None2001-2002 Colombia and Portugal Colombia and Portugal2002 Iceland Iceland1990-1993 Israel None
Those economies for which IMF data were used for the period, 1980-2002, or part of it, are listedbelow.
Country/economy Inward stock Outward stock
Australia 1986-1988 NoneAustria 1980-1989 1980-1989Argentina None 2000-2001Armenia 1997-2001 NoneAzerbaijan 1999-2002 NoneBahrain 1989-2001 1989-2001Belarus 1996-2001 NoneBelgium and Luxembourg 1981-2001 1981-2001Bolivia 2000-2001 2000-2001Brazil None 2001Bulgaria 1998-2001 1998-2001Cambodia 1999-2001 NoneCroatia 1998-2001 1998-2001El Salvador 1996-1997 1996-1997Finland 2002 2002France None 1987-1988Greece 1998 and 2001 2001Italy None 1980-1993Japan 1980-1995 1980-1995Kyrgyzstan 1993-2001 1998-2001Malaysia 1980-1994 NoneMalta None 1994-2000Myanmar 1999-2001 NoneNew Zealand 1989-2002 1992-2002Norway None 1980-1987Panama 1995-2002 NoneParaguay 1995-2002 1995-2002Peru 2000 1990-2002Poland 2000-2001 2001The Russian Federation 2000-2001 2000-2001Singapore 2001 2001Slovenia 2001 2001Spain None 1980-1989Swaziland 1981-1989 1981-1989Sweden 1982-1985 1982-1985Switzerland None 1984-1985Thailand 2001 NoneVenezuela None 1983-1989
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES 247
C. Data revisions and updates
All FDI data and estimates in the World Investment Report are continuously revised. Becauseof the ongoing revision, FDI data reported in the World Investment Report may differ from those reportedin earlier Reports or other publications of UNCTAD. In particular, recent FDI data are being revisedin many economies according to the fifth edition of the balance-of-payments manual of IMF. Becauseof this, the data reported in last year’s Report may be completely or partly changed in this report.
D. Data verification
In compiling data for this year’s Report, requests for verifications and confirmation were madeto national official sources for virtually all economies to reflect the latest data revisions and accuracy.In addition, websites of certain national official sources were also consulted. This verification processcontinued until end June 2003. Any revisions made after this process are not reflected in the Report.
Below is a list of economies for which data were checked using either means. For the economies,which are not mentioned below, the UNCTAD Secretariat could not have the data verified or confirmedby their respective Governments.
Communiqué
Algeria; Angola; Aruba; Australia; Austria; ASEAN Secretariat; Bahamas; Barbados; Banque Centralede l’Afrique de l’Ouest; Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Botswana; Burundi; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cyprus; Denmark; Djibouti; EasternCaribbean Central Bank; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Ethiopia; Fiji; Finland; France; Gambia;Germany; Ghana; Greece; Guatemala; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Hong Kong (China); Iceland;
Indonesia; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kuwait; Lesotho;Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Luxembourg; Macau (China); Malawi; Malaysia; Madagascar; Mauritius;
Mexico; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Netherlands; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Norway;Pakistan; Philippines; Portugal; Romania; Rwanda; Seychelles; Singapore; South Africa; Spain; Sri
Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; United Republic of Tanzania; TaiwanProvince of China; Thailand; Tunisia; Turkey; Uganda; Uruguay; United Kingdom; United States;
Venezuela; Viet Nam; Yemen; Zambia and Zimbabwe
Web sites
Albania; Argentina; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Belarus; Belgium;Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Bulgaria; Canada; Cape Verde; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cyprus;Czech Republic; Denmark; Dominican Republic; Eastern Caribbean Central Bank; Ecuador; Egypt; ElSalvador; Estonia; Fiji; Finland; France; Germany; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Hong Kong (China);Hungary; Iceland; India; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Republic of Korea; Latvia;
Lithuania; Luxembourg; TFYR Macedonia; Mauritius; Republic of Moldova; Mongolia; Morocco;Mozambique; Namibia; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Nicaragua; Occupied Palestinian
Territory; Oman; Pakistan; Paraguay; Peru; the Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Romania; RussianFederation; Rwanda; Serbia and Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; South Africa;Spain; Sudan; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Tajikistan; United Republic of Tanzania; TaiwanProvince of China; Trinidad and Tobago; Thailand; Tunisia; Turkey; Ukraine; Uruguay; United
Kingdom; United States; Vanuatu; Venezuela and Yemen
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives248
E. Definitions and sources of the data in annex tables B.5 and B.6
These two annex tables show the ratio of inward and outward FDI flows to gross fixed capitalformation (annex table B.5) and inward and outward FDI stock to GDP (annex table B.6), respectively.All of these data are in current prices.
The data on GDP were obtained from the UNCTAD Secretariat, IMF’s CD-ROM on InternationalFinancial Statistics, June 2003 and IMF’s World Economic Outlook, April 2003. For some economiessuch as Taiwan Province of China, data are complemented by national official sources.
The data on gross fixed capital formation were obtained from IMF’s CD-ROM on InternationalFinancial Statistics, June 2003. For some economies for which data are not available for the period1980-2002, or part of it, data are complemented using data on gross capital formation. These dataare further complemented by data obtained from: (i) national official sources; (ii) World Bank dataon gross fixed capital formation or gross capital formation, obtained from the World DevelopmentIndicators 2003 CD-ROM.
For annex table B.5, figures exceeding 100 per cent may result from the fact that, for someeconomies, the reported data on gross fixed capital formation do not necessarily accurately reflectthe value of capital formation and FDI flows do not necessarily translate into capital formation.
Data on FDI are from annex tables B.1-B.4.
F. Definitions and sources of the data on cross-border M&Asin annex tables B.7-B.10
FDI is a balance-of-payments concept involving cross-border transfer of funds. Cross-borderM&A statistics shown in the report are based on information reported by Thomson Financial. In somecases, these include M&As between foreign affiliates and firms located in the same host economy.Therefore, such M&As conform to the FDI definition as far as the equity share is concerned. However,the data also include purchases via domestic and international capital markets, which should not beconsidered as FDI flows. Although it is possible to distinguish types of financing used for M&As(e.g. syndicated loans, corporate bonds, venture capital), it is not possible to trace the origin or countrysources of the funds used. Therefore, the data used in the report include the funds not categorized asFDI.
FDI flows are recorded on a net basis (capital account credits less debits between direct investorsand their foreign affiliates) in a particular year. On the other hand, M&A data are expressed as thetotal transaction amount of particular deals, not as differences between gross acquisitions and divestmentabroad by firms from a particular country. Transaction amounts recorded in the UNCTAD M&A statisticsare those at the time of closure of the deals, not at the time of announcement. The M&A values arenot necessarily paid out in a single year.
Cross-border M&As are recorded in both directions of transactions. That is, when a cross-borderM&A takes place, it registers as both a sale in the country of the target firm (annex table B.7), andas a purchase in the home country of the acquiring firm (annex table B.8). Data showing cross-borderM&A activities on an industry basis are also recorded as sales and purchases (annex tables B.9-B.10).Thus, if a food company acquires a chemical company, this transaction is recorded in the chemicalindustry in the table on M&As by industry of seller (annex table B.9), it is also recorded in the foodindustry in the table on M&As by industry of purchaser (annex table B.10).
Notes
1 In some countries, an equity stake other than that of 10 per cent is still used. In the United Kingdom, forexample, a stake of 20 per cent or more was a threshold used until 1997.
2 This general definition of FDI is based on OECD, Detailed Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment,third edition (Paris, OECD, 1996) and International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Manual, fifthedition (Washington, D.C., IMF, 1993).
3 International Monetary Fund, op. cit., p. 40.4 Includes Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,
Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
ANNEX B 249
Annex table B.1. FDI inflows, by host region and economy, 1991-2002 (Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
World 254 326 481 911 686 028 1 079 083 1 392 957 823 825 651 188
Developed economies 154 641 269 654 472 265 824 642 1 120 528 589 379 460 334
Western Europe 91 030 139 274 263 025 496 205 709 877 400 813 384 391
European Union 87 584 127 888 249 934 475 542 683 893 389 432 374 380
Austria 1 894 2 654 4 533 2 975 8 840 5 883 1 523Belgium and Luxembourg 10 777 11 998 22 691 119 693 88 739 88 203 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 252Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. 125 660
Denmark 2 374 2 801 7 730 16 700 32 772 11 486 5 953Finland 796 2 119 2 040 4 581 8 015 3 732 9 148France 18 444 23 174 30 984 46 545 43 250 55 190 51 505Germany 4 790 12 244 24 593 55 797 203 080 33 918 38 033Greece 1 058 984 85 571 1 089 1 589 50Ireland 1 469 2 712 8 579 18 500 26 447 15 681 19 033Italy 3 307 3 700 2 635 6 911 13 375 14 871 14 545Netherlands 9 086 11 132 36 964 41 187 60 313 51 244 29 182Portugal 1 550 2 477 3 144 1 234 6 787 5 892 4 276Spain 9 512 7 697 11 797 15 758 37 523 28 005 21 193Sweden 6 066 10 968 19 836 60 853 23 239 11 780 11 081United Kingdom 16 463 33 229 74 324 84 238 130 422 61 958 24 945
Other Western Europe 3 446 11 386 13 091 20 662 25 984 11 381 10 011
Gibraltar 25a 126a - 162a 17a 138a 21a 59a
Iceland 13 149 146 66 158 141 152Malta 122 81 273 815 604 294 - 375Norway 1 346 4 394 3 893 8 046 5 829 2 062 872Switzerland 1 940 6 636 8 940 11 719 19 255 8 864 9 303
North America 53 406 114 925 197 243 308 118 380 764 172 787 50 625
Canada 6 571 11 527 22 809 24 742 66 757 28 809 20 595United States 46 834 103 398 174 434 283 376 314 007 143 978 30 030
Other developed economies 10 205 15 455 11 997 20 319 29 887 15 778 25 319
Australia 6 238 7 657 6 015 2 924 13 071 4 006 13 978Israel 716 1 950 1 839 3 068 4 988 3 520 1 648Japan 890 3 225 3 192 12 742 8 323 6 243 9 326New Zealand 2 361 2 624 951 1 586 3 505 2 009 367
Developing economies 91 502 193 224 191 284 229 295 246 057 209 431 162 145
Africa 4 606 10 667 8 928 12 231 8 489 18 769 10 998
North Africa 1 615 2 716 2 882 3 569 3 125 5 474 3 546
Algeria 63 260 501 507 438 1 196 1 065Egypt 714 887 1 076 1 065 1 235 510 647Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - 12 - 82 - 150 - 118 - 142 - 101 - 96a
Morocco 406 1 188 417 1 376 423 2 808 428Sudan 18 98 371 371 392 574 681Tunisia 425 365 668 368 779 486 821
Other Africa 2 992 7 951 6 046 8 663 5 364 13 295 7 452
Angola 346 412 1 114 2 471 879 2 146 1 312Benin 41 26 35 61 60 44 41Botswana - 28 100 90 37 54 26 37Burkina Faso 9 13 10 13 23 9 8Burundi 1 - 2 - 12 - -Cameroon 9 45 50 40 31 67a 86a
Cape Verde 10 12 9 53 34 9 14Central African Republic - 1 - - 3 1 5 4Chad 20 44 21 27 115 - 901Comoros - -a 3a -a 1a -a 1a
Congo 86 79 33 521 166 77 247Congo, Democratic Republic of 3 - 44a 61a 11a 23a 1a 32a
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives250
Annex table B.1. FDI inflows, by host region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued) (Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
Côte d’Ivoire 158 450 416 381 235 44 223Djibouti 2 2 3 4 3 3 4Equatorial Guinea 66 53 291 252 108 945 323Eritrea 37b 41 149 83 28 1a 21a
Ethiopia 10 288 261 70 135 20a 75a
Gabon - 243 - 587 - 200 - 625 - 43 169 123Gambia 12 21 24 49 44 35 43Ghana 105 82 56 267 115 89 50Guinea 14 17 18 63 10 2 30a
Guinea-Bissau 2 11 4 9 1 1 1Kenya 13 40 42 42 127 50 50Lesotho 21 32 27 33 31 28 24Liberia - 28 214a 190a 256a - 431a - 20a - 65a
Madagascar 13 14 16 58 70 93 8Malawi - 4 - 1 - 3 46 - 33 - 20 -a
Mali 29 74 36 51 83 122 102Mauritania 7 1a - 1a 9a - 6a 12a
Mauritius 21 55 12 49 277 32 28Mozambique 39 64 235 382 139 255 406Namibia 112 84 77 111 153 275 181Niger 16 25 9 - 9 23 8Nigeria 1 264 1 539 1 051 1 005 930 1 104 1 281Rwanda 3 3 7 2 8 4 3São Tomé and Principe -c -a -a 1a 2a 6 2a
Senegal 20 176 71 136 63 32 93Seychelles 24 54 55 60 56 59 63Sierra Leone 1 10a - 10a 6a 5a 3a 5a
Somalia 1 1a -a - 1a -a -a -a
South Africa 450 3 817 561 1 502 888 6 789 754Swaziland 62 - 15 152 100 39 78 107Togo 11 23 42 70 42 63 75Uganda 65 175 210 222 254 229 275United Republic of Tanzania 63 158 172 517 463 327 240Zambia 108 207 198 163 122 72 197Zimbabwe 50 135 444 59 23 4 26
Latin America and the Caribbean 27 069 73 275 82 040 108 255 95 358 83 725 56 019
South America 14 982 48 228 52 424 70 346 57 248 39 693 25 836
Argentina 4 309 9 160 7 291 23 988 11 657 3 206 1 003Bolivia 212 879 1 023 1 008 723 660 553Brazil 3 633 18 993 28 856 28 578 32 779 22 457 16 566Chile 2 191 5 271 4 628 8 761 3 639 4 477 1 603Colombia 1 279 5 562 2 829 1 452 2 237 2 521 2 034Ecuador 392 724 870 648 720 1 330 1 275Guyana 84 53 47 48 67 56 44Paraguay 111 236 342 95 104 95 - 22Peru 1 538 1 697 1 842 2 263 681 1 151 1 462Suriname - 16 - 9 38 - 24 - 97 - 27 - 85Uruguay 99 126 164 238 274 318 85Venezuela 1 150 5 536 4 495 3 290 4 465 3 448 1 318
Other Latin America and the Caribbean 12 087 25 047 29 616 37 910 38 110 44 032 30 183
Anguilla 15 21 28 38 39 33 33Antigua and Barbuda 28 23 23 31 33 39 36Aruba 26 196 84 392 - 144 - 319 241Bahamas 41 210 147 149 250 101 200Barbados 12 15 16 17 19 19 11a
Belize 16 12 19 50 19 40 52a
Bermuda 2 353a 2 928a 5 399a 9 470a 10 627a 12 584a 9 093a
Cayman Islands 371a 3 151a 4 354a 6 569a 6 922a 1 382a 3 095a
Costa Rica 285 407 612 620 409 454 642Cuba 10a 1a 15a 9a - 10a 4a 4a
Dominica 24 21 7 18 11 12 14Dominican Republic 205 421 700 1 338 953 1 079 961El Salvador 15 59 1 104 216 173 250 208Grenada 19 34 49 42 37 49 41Guatemala 91 85 673 155 230 456 110Haiti 1 4 11 30 13 4 6Honduras 60 128 99 237 282 195 143
/...
ANNEX B 251
Annex table B.1. FDI inflows, by host region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued) (Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
Jamaica 160 203 369 524 468 614 479Mexico 7 351 14 160 12 170 12 856 15 484 25 334 13 627Montserrat 5 3 3 8 4 1 1Netherlands Antilles - 17 - 88 - 53 - 22 - 63 - 1 - 15Nicaragua 56 173 195 300 267 150 174Panama 244 1 299 1 296 652 603 513 57Saint Kitts and Nevis 20 20 32 58 96 88 81Saint Lucia 36 48 83 83 55 22 22Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 29 93 89 56 29 21 19Trinidad and Tobago 317 923 732 366 472 685 737Virgin Islands 315 500 1 362a 3 648a 830a 222a 111a
Asia and the Pacific 59 826 109 282 100 316 108 809 142 209 106 937 95 129
Asia 59 411 109 092 99 983 108 529 142 091 106 778 94 989
West Asia 2 228 5 918 6 893 754 1 523 5 211 2 341
Bahrain 650 329 180 454 364 81 218Cyprus 81 491 264 685 804 652 297Iran, Islamic Republic of 47 53 24 35 39 50a 37a
Iraq 2a 1a 7a - 7a - 3a - 6a - 9a
Jordan 4 361 310 158 787 100 56Kuwait 55 20 59 72 16 - 147 7Lebanon 28 150 200 250 298 249a 257a
Oman 91 65 101 21 44 42 40a
Occupied Palestinian Territory 8b 7 58 19 62 11a 41a
Qatar 120a 418a 347a 113a 252a 296a 326a
Saudi Arabia - 201 3 044 4 289 - 780 - 1 884 20 - 350a
Syrian Arab Republic 105 80 82 263 270 205a 225a
Turkey 751 805 940 783 982 3 266 1 037United Arab Emirates 220a 232a 258a - 985a - 515a 257a 95a
Yemen 274 - 139 - 226 - 328 6 136 64
Central Asia 1 035 3 107 2 997 2 462 1 871 3 963 4 035
Armenia 12 52 221 122 104 70 100Azerbaijan 326d 1 115 1 023 510 129 227 1 067Georgia 19d 243 265 82 131 110 146Kazakhstan 826e 1 321 1 152 1 472 1 283 2 823 2 561Kyrgyzstan 48c 84 109 44 - 2 5 - 12a
Tajikistan 12e 18a 25a 21a 22a 9 9Turkmenistan 131c 108a 62a 89a 131a 150a 100a
Uzbekistan 39e 167a 140a 121a 73a 570a 65a
South, East and South-East Asia 56 147 100 067 90 093 105 313 138 698 97 604 88 613
Afghanistan -a - 1a -a 6a -a 1a -a
Bangladesh 8 139 190 180 280 79 45Bhutan 1a - 1a -a -a -a -a -a
Brunei Darussalam 210 702 573 748 549 526 1 035Cambodia 120e 168 243 230 149 148 54China 25 476 44 237 43 751 40 319 40 772 46 846 52 700Hong Kong, China 6 057a 11 368a 14 766 24 580 61 939 23 775 13 718India 1 085 3 619 2 633 2 168 2 319 3 403 3 449Indonesia 2 985 4 678 - 356 - 2 745 - 4 550 - 3 279 - 1 523Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 24a 307a 31a - 15a 5a - 24a 12a
Korea, Republic of f 1 234 2 844 5 412 9 333 9 283 3 528 1 972Lao People’s Democratic Republic 53 86 45 52 34 24 25Macau, China -a 2a - 18a 9a - 1a 133 150a
Malaysia 5 436 6 323 2 714 3 895 3 788 554 3 203Maldives 8 11 12 12 13 12 12a
Mongolia 9 25 19 30 54 43 78Myanmar 256 879 684 304 208 192 129Nepal 8 23 12 4 - 21a 10a
Pakistan 501 713 507 530 305 385 823Philippines 1 226 1 261 1 718 1 725 1 345 982 1 111Singapore 6 856 13 533 7 594 13 245 12 464 10 949 7 655Sri Lanka 125 433 150 201 175 82 242Taiwan Province of China 1 311 2 248 222 2 926 4 928 4 109 1 445Thailand 1 964 3 882 7 491 6 091 3 350 3 813 1 068Viet Nam 1 217 2 587 1 700 1 484 1 289 1 300 1 200
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives252
Annex table B.1. FDI inflows, by host region and economy, 1991-2002 (concluded) (Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
The Pacific 416 190 333 280 118 159 140
Fiji 71 29 196 - 20 - 25 90 77Kiribati - 1 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a
New Caledonia 5 10a -a 4a 22a - 1a -a
Papua New Guinea 295 88 110 296 96 63 50a
Samoa 3 20a 3 2 - 2a 1a 1a
Solomon Islands 10 9 2 - 19 1 - 12 - 7a
Tonga 1 3 2 2 5 1 2a
Tuvalu -d -a -a -a -a -a -a
Vanuatu 29 30 20 13 20 18 15
Central and Eastern Europe 8 183 19 033 22 479 25 145 26 373 25 015 28 709
Albania 58e 48 45 41 143 207 213Belarus 31e 352 203 444 119 96 227Bosnia and Herzegovina - 1g 1 56 154 147 130 321Bulgaria 74 505 537 819 1 002 813 479Croatia 216c 533 932 1 467 1 089 1 561 981Czech Republic 1 177 1 286 3 700 6 310 4 984 5 639 9 319Estonia 162e 267 581 305 387 542 307Hungary 2 205 2 167 2 037 1 977 1 646 2 440 854Latvia 170e 521 357 347 410 164 396Lithuania 59e 355 926 486 379 446 732Moldova, Republic of 27e 79 76 38 129 156 111Poland 2 119 4 908 6 365 7 270 9 341 5 713 4 119Romania 206e 1 215 2 031 1 041 1 025 1 157 1 106Russian Federation 1 449e 4 865 2 761 3 309 2 714 2 469 2 421Serbia and Montenegro 66 740 113 112 25 165 475Slovakia 201 220 684 390 1 925 1 579 4 012Slovenia 122 334 216 107 136 503 1 865TFYR Macedonia 15d 16 118 32 177 442 77Ukraine 269 623 743 496 595 792 693Yugoslavia (former) 119h .. .. .. .. .. ..
Memoraudum
Least developed countries i 1 713 3 401 4 573 5 974 3 427 5 629 5 232Oil-exporting countries j 7 647 18 427 14 010 5 254 2 468 8 099 7 364All developing economies, excluding China 66 061 148 987 147 533 188 976 205 285 162 585 109 445
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.a Estimates. For details, see “Definitions and Sources” in annex B.b 1996.c Annual average from 1993 to 1996.d Annual average from 1994 to 1996.e Annual average from 1992 to 1996.f The data reported by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy in accordance with the Republic of Korea’s Foreign Investment
Promotion Act, including investments in capital goods and technology, and reinvested earnings, are as follows: for the annual averagefrom 1991 to 1996, 1,045; for 1997, 2,640; for 1998, 5,029; for 1999, 9,433; for 2000, 8,562; for 2001, 3,659 and for 2002, 2,935.
g Annual average from 1995 to 1996.h 1991.i Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan,Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.
j Oil-exporting countries include: Cameroon, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
ANNEX B 253
Annex table B.2. FDI outflows, by home region and economy, 1991-2002 (Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
World 280 550 476 934 683 211 1 096 554 1 200 783 711 445 647 363
Developed economies 240 639 396 057 630 891 1 021 307 1 097 796 660 558 600 063
Western Europe 140 132 244 115 436 525 770 608 872 422 468 807 411 665
European Union 127 762 220 953 415 367 731 068 819 169 451 911 394 146
Austria 1 417 1 987 2 745 3 301 5 740 3 137 5 670Belgium and Luxembourg 7 264 7 252 28 845 122 304 86 362 100 646 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 288Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. 154 073
Denmark 2 535 4 209 4 477 16 943 25 052 12 964 4 839Finland 1 654 5 278 18 647 6 605 22 572 8 367 9 891France 24 303 35 584 48 611 126 856 177 449 92 974 62 547Germany 27 908 41 797 88 823 109 648 56 846 42 079 24 534Greece 5 156 262 539 2 102 607 655Ireland 436 1 016 3 906 6 109 4 629 5 864 2 706Italy 6 662 10 414 12 407 6 722 12 316 21 472 17 123Netherlands 17 573 24 494 36 669 57 627 73 540 48 514 26 270Portugal 510 1 903 3 847 3 168 7 512 7 564 3 523Spain 3 871 12 626 18 936 42 084 54 675 33 093 18 456Sweden 5 294 12 648 24 371 21 928 40 592 6 594 10 869United Kingdom 28 331 61 590 122 820 207 235 249 783 68 037 39 703
Other Western Europe 12 370 23 162 21 159 39 540 53 253 16 896 17 519
Gibraltar .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Iceland 25 55 71 106 362 323 195Malta 3a 16 14 45 26 6 -Norway 2 257 5 359 2 306 6 113 8 193 - 734 5 537Switzerland 10 086 17 732 18 767 33 276 44 673 17 300 11 787
North America 75 220 118 838 165 362 226 638 189 251 140 406 148 534
Canada 8 163 23 069 34 358 17 247 46 625 36 642 28 793United States 67 057 95 769 131 004 209 391 142 626 103 764 119 741
Other developed economies 25 287 33 104 29 003 24 061 36 122 51 345 39 864
Australia 3 603 6 448 3 352 - 688 561 11 014 6 828Israel 573 708 1 124 932 3 440 805 1 232Japan 20 943 25 994 24 151 22 745 31 557 38 333 31 481New Zealand 169 - 45 376 1 072 564 1 193 322
Developing economies 39 439 76 662 49 837 72 786 99 052 47 382 43 095
Africa 1 861 3 788 1 997 2 574 1 309 - 2 522 173
North Africa 27 476 367 313 228 202 267
Algeria 14 8 1 47 18 9 100Egypt 32 166 46 38 51 12 28Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - 47 284 299 208 98 84 110b
Morocco 24 9 20 18 59 97 29Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tunisia 4 9 2 3 2 - -
Other Africa 1 834 3 312 - 1 630 - 2 262 1 081 - 2 725 - 94
Angola - -b -b -b -b -b -b
Benin 6c 12 2 23 4 2 -Botswana 13 4 3 1 2 318 2Burkina Faso 2 1 5 5 - - 1Burundi - - - - - - -Cameroon 15 7b -b 3b 4b 3b 3b
Cape Verde - - - - - - -Central African Republic 4 - - - - - -Chad 5 - - 2 - - -Comoros -d .. .. .. .. .. ..Congo - 3 - 8 2 4 6 8Congo, Democratic Republic of .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives254
Annex table B.2. FDI outflows, by home region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued) (Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
Côte d’Ivoire 86 34 36 57 - 2 2Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Equatorial Guinea - - - 2 - 4 4 -Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia .. 228b 254b - 46b - 1b 69b 7b
Gabon 16 - 13 - 14 14 25 2 -Gambia 5 5 6 4 5 5 5Ghana 150e 50b 30b 77b 52b 53b 61b
Guinea -e 1b -b 3b 2b 2b 2b
Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. - - -Kenya 7 5 14 30 29 50 76Lesotho -f .. .. .. .. .. ..Liberia 76 501b - 731b 310b 608b - 167b - 50b
Madagascar - - 2b 1b -b 1b - -Malawi 2e -b 6b 3b 3b 4b 3b
Mali - 5 27 50 4 17 19Mauritania .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mauritius 16 3 14 6 13 2 1Mozambique -g -b -b -b -b -b -b
Namibia - 3 - - 1 - 3 - 13 - 5Niger 12 8 10 - - - 4 -Nigeria 238 58 107 92 85 94 101Rwanda - 1b -b -b -b -b -b
São Tomé and Principe .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal 8 - 10 6 - - 7 39Seychelles 8 10 3 9 7 11 14Sierra Leone - -b -b -b -b -b -b
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Africa 1 204 2 351 1 779 1 580 271 - 3 180 - 401Swaziland 27 - 10 24 - 13 - 16 9 27Togo 7 4 22 41 - - 7 -Uganda 42 15b 20b - 8b - 28b - 5b - 14b
United Republic of Tanzania -h -b -b -b 1b -b -b
Zambia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Zimbabwe 17 28 9 9 8 4 3
Latin America and the Caribbean 5 953 23 666 19 057 30 845 13 534 7 961 5 770
South America 2 671 7 902 7 689 6 766 7 820 - 758 3 726
Argentina 997 3 653 2 325 1 727 1 018 - 200 - 1 066Bolivia 2 2 3 3 2 2 2b
Brazil 493 1 116 2 854 1 690 2 282 - 2 258 2 482Chile 626 1 463 1 484 2 558 3 987 1 432 464Colombia 154 809 796 116 325 16 783Ecuador 25 257b - 84b - - - -Guyana -h -b -b - 2b 2b -b -b
Paraguay 8 6 6 6 6 6 - 3b
Peru 1 84 64 128 92b 95b 156b
Suriname .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uruguay - 13 9 40 - 1 15Venezuela 364 500 233 501 107 148 893
Other Latin America and the Caribbean 3 282 15 763 11 368 24 079 5 714 8 720 2 044
Anguilla .. 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b
Antigua and Barbuda 1h - 3b - 1b -b 1b -b -b
Aruba 2h - 2 1 - 8 12 13 5Bahamas - - 1 - - - -Barbados 2 1 1 1 1 1 1b
Belize 3 4 6 10 10 8b 9b
Bermuda 183 4 220b 2 980b 18 137b 2 426b - 5 407b - 1 823b
Cayman Islands 375 4 871b 4 452b 2 187b 1 795b 2 811b 967b
Costa Rica 5 4 5 5 9 9 57Cuba .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Dominica .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Dominican Republic 10h 2b 2b 6b 61b - 33b -b
El Salvador - -b 1 54 - 5 - 10 - 26Grenada - -b -b -b -b -b -b
Guatemala - 4 7b 8b - 3b 16b 1b 5b
Haiti - 5 1b 1b - 1b 1b -b -b
Honduras - -b -b -b -b -b -b
/...
ANNEX B 255
Annex table B.2. FDI outflows, by home region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued) (Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
Jamaica 60 57 82 95 74 89 74Mexico 257 1 108 1 363 1 475b 984b 846 969Montserrat .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Netherlands Antilles - - 7 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1Nicaragua - 4a 2b 7b 3b 4b 5b 4b
Panama 672 2 068b 3 289b 356b - 839b 1 902b 1 861b
Saint Kitts and Nevis - -b -b -b -b -b -b
Saint Lucia - -b -b -b -b -b -b
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Trinidad and Tobago - - 18b 1b 264 25 150 146b
Virgin Islands 2 586a 3 444b - 830b 1 500b 1 141b 8 333b - 209b
Asia and the Pacific 31 624 49 209 28 783 39 367 84 208 41 943 37 151
Asia 31 564 49 199 28 839 39 390 84 139 41 827 37 121
West Asia 452 - 99 - 1 193 1 943 3 508 4 718 2 131
Bahrain 105 48 181 163 10 216 178Cyprus 17 27 57 166 166 220 - 18Iran, Islamic Republic of 9 78b 10b 738b 348b 2 812b 1 299b
Iraq .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Jordan - 23 2b 2b 5 5 8 25Kuwait 147 - 969 - 1 867 23 - 303 365 - 155Lebanon 8 19b - 1b 5b 125b 92b 74b
Oman 3 1b - 5b 3b - 2b - 1b -b
Occupied Palestinian Territory .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Qatar 35c 20b 20b 30b 41b 112b 61b
Saudi Arabia 93 215b 74b 50b 155b - 44b 50b
Syrian Arab Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Turkey 63 251 367 645 870 497 175United Arab Emirates 17 208b - 30b 115b 2 094b 441b 442b
Yemen .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Central Asia - 1 179 360 17 201 765
Armenia .. .. 12 13 8b 11b 11b
Azerbaijan .. .. 137 336 - 158b 326Georgia .. .. .. 1 - - -Kazakhstan -i 1 8 4 4 27 423Kyrgyzstan .. .. 23 6 5 6 6b
Tajikistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South, East and South-East Asia 31 113 49 297 29 852 37 087 80 614 36 907 34 225
Afghanistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Bangladesh 3 3 3 - 2 21 4Bhutan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Brunei Darussalam 28j 10b 10b 20b - 3 9b 8b
Cambodia 2k .. .. .. .. .. ..China 2 571 2 563 2 634 1 775 916 6 884 2 850Hong Kong, China 16 960 24 407b 16 985 19 358 59 375 11 345 17 694India 76 113 47 80 336 757 431Indonesia 1 068 178 44 72 150 125 116b
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Korea, Republic of 2 446 4 449 4 740 4 198 4 999 2 420 2 674Lao People’s Democratic Republic - -b -b -b 168b 3b 57b
Macau, China .. .. .. .. .. 16 ..Malaysia 1 656 2 675 863 1 422 2 026 267 1 238b
Maldives -i .. .. .. .. .. ..Mongolia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Myanmar .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Nepal .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Pakistan - 2 - 25 5 1 11 31 - 17Philippines 181 136 160 - 29 - 108 - 160 85Singapore 2 967 8 955 380 5 397 6 061 9 548 4 082Sri Lanka 6 5 13 24 2 - 11Taiwan Province of China 2 683 5 243 3 836 4 420 6 701 5 480 4 886Thailand 479 584 132 349 - 22 162 106Viet Nam .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives256
Annex table B.2. FDI outflows, by home region and economy, 1991-2002 (concluded) (Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
The Pacific 60 9 - 56 - 24 69 116 30
Fiji - 11 - 40 - 56 - 58 69 7 - 17Kiribati -l .. .. .. .. .. ..New Caledonia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Papua New Guinea 70 49b -b 35b - 2b 109b 47b
Samoa .. .. .. .. - .. ..Solomon Islands -g .. .. .. - .. ..Tonga -m .. .. .. 1 .. ..Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Central and Eastern Europe 472 4 215 2 484 2 462 3 936 3 505 4 205
Albania 12h 10 1 7 6 - 4b
Belarus .. 2 2 - - - - 206Bosnia and Herzegovina 8h - 2 .. .. .. .. ..Bulgaria - 12h - 2 - 17 3 10 28Croatia 14a 186 98 47 4 155 95Czech Republic 84h 28 125 90 43 165 281Czechoslovakia (former) 14d .. .. .. .. .. ..Estonia 11h 137 6 83 63 200 122Hungary 21 433 478 252 532 337 264Latvia - 26h 6 54 17 10 12 9Lithuania -c 27 4 9 4 7 18Moldova, Republic of 6i - - - - - -Poland 25 45 316 31 17 - 90 173Romania 3 - 9 - 9 16 - 11 - 17 16Russian Federation 488a 3 184 1 270 2 208 3 177 2 533 3 284Serbia and Montenegro .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Slovakia 20h 95 147 - 371 21 37 5Slovenia - 3h 31 - 5 48 65 133 117TFYR Macedonia -e 1 1 1 - 1 -Ukraine 4i 42 - 4 7 1 23 - 5Yugoslavia (former) .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Memorandum
Least developed countries n 164 785 - 362 395 768 - 61 75Oil-exporting countries o 2 084 869 - 1 028 2 341 2 851 4 527 3 358All developing economies, excluding China 36 867 74 099 47 203 71 011 98 136 40 498 40 245
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.a Annual average from 1993 to 1996.b Estimates. For details, see “Definitions and Sources” in annex B.c Annual average from 1995 to 1996.d 1991.e 1996.f 1992.g Annual average from 1991 to 1992.h Annual average from 1992 to 1996.i Annual average from 1994 to 1996.j Annual average from 1991 to 1996.k 1993.l 1994.m Annual average from 1991 to 1993.n Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan,Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.
o Oil-exporting countries include: Cameroon, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
ANNEX B 257
Annex table B.3. FDI inward stock, by host region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a
(Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World 699 415 977 755 1 954 152 3 002 152 6 146 812 6 606 855 7 122 506b
Developed economies 391 946 570 901 1 399 880 2 041 408 3 988 075 4 277 195 4 594 850b
Western Europe 232 717 286 179 796 179 1 213 733 2 361 428 2 544 445 2 779 857b
European Union 217 476 268 253 748 669 1 136 387 2 240 506 2 418 136 2 623 903b
Austria 3 163 3 762 9 884 17 532 30 431 34 328 42 539Belgium and Luxembourg 7 306 18 447 58 388 112 960 195 219 203 580 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 4 193 3 613 9 192 23 801 66 467 65 830 71 784c
Finland 540 1 339 5 132 8 465 24 272 26 267 35 509France 25 927d 36 701d 86 845 191 434 259 775 289 015 401 305Germany 36 630 36 926 119 618 192 898 470 938 413 556 451 589c
Greece 4 524 8 309 5 667e 10 957e 12 499 12 006 12 056c
Ireland 32 461f 33 361f 34 208f 40 406f 118 550 138 266 157 298c
Italy 8 892 18 976 57 985 63 456 113 047 107 921 126 481Netherlands 19 167 24 921 68 731 116 049 246 643 285 387 314 569c
Portugal 3 665g 4 599g 10 571 18 381 28 469 32 921 43 962Spain 5 141 8 939 65 916 109 200 144 803 164 754 217 769c
Sweden 2 852h 4 333 12 636 31 089 93 970 92 243 110 482United Kingdom 63 014 64 028 203 894 199 760 435 422 552 062 638 561
Other Western Europe 15 241 17 926 47 511 77 346 120 923 126 309 155 954
Gibraltar i 33 98 263 432 529 550 609Iceland ..j, k 71 147 129 488 644 864Malta i 156 286 465 922 2 972 3 266 2 891Norway 6 577l 7 412l 12 391 18 800 30 130 32 580 33 452c
Switzerland 8 506 10 058 34 245 57 063 86 804 89 269 118 139
North America 137 209 249 272 507 793 658 843 1 419 383 1 530 527 1 572 561
Canada 54 163 64 657 112 882 123 290 205 129 209 464 221 468United States 83 046 184 615 394 911 535 553 1 214 254 1 321 063 1 351 093c
Other developed economies 22 021 35 450 95 908 168 833 207 263 202 224 242 432
Australia 13 173 25 049 73 644 104 074 109 263 105 391 128 696Israel 3 214g 3 619g 4 476 5 677 24 055 25 111 24 762Japan 3 270 4 740 9 850 33 508 50 323 50 319 59 646c
New Zealand 2 363 2 043 7 938 25 574 23 623 21 402 29 328
Developing economies 307 469 406 805 551 481 920 400 2 029 412 2 173 769 2 339 632
Africa 32 162 33 844 50 775 77 400 144 503 157 823 170 876
North Africa 4 322 8 242 16 903 26 300 38 082 43 191 48 310
Algeria i 1 320 1 281 1 355 1 465 3 441 4 637 5 702Egypt i 2 260 5 703 11 043 14 690 19 589 20 099 20 746Libyan Arab Jamahiriya i ..k ..k ..k ..k ..k ..k ..kMorocco i 189 440 917 3 032 6 758 9 566 9 994Sudan i 28 76 54 164 1 396 1 970 2 651Tunisia 3 341 4 917 7 615 10 967 11 545 11 667 14 061
Other Africa 27 840 25 602 33 872 51 101 106 421 114 632 122 566
Angola i 61 675 1 025 2 921 7 977 10 122 11 435Benin i 32 34 159 381 588 632 673Botswana 698g 947g 1 309 1 126 1 821 1 494 1 946Burkina Faso i 18 24 39 74 149 158 166Burundi i 7 24 30 34 48 48 48Cameroon i 330 1 125 1 044 1 062 1 263 1 331 1 417Cape Verde m .. .. 4 38 174 183 197Central African Republic i 50 77 95 80 95 101 105Chad i 150 223 289 370 618 618 1 519Comoros n 2 2 17 19 24 24 26Congo i 315 485 575 1 022 1 893 1 970 2 217Congo, Democratic Republic of i 709 620 546 541 617 618 650
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives258
Annex table B.3. FDI inward stock, by host region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a (continued)
(Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
Côte d’Ivoire i 530 699 975 1 624 3 407 3 451 3 674Djibouti o 4 4 6 17 34 37 40Equatorial Guinea p .. 6 25 175 1 128 2 073 2 396Eritrea q .. .. .. .. 301 301 322Ethiopia i 110 114 124 165 941 961 1 036Gabon i 512 833 1 208 441 ..k ..k ..kGambia 127g 127g 157 185 216 221 264c
Ghana i 229 272 315 822 1 462 1 551 1 601Guinea o 1 2 69 131 263 265 295Guinea-Bissau r - 4 8 20 46 47 48Kenya i 386 476 668 732 996 1 047 1 097Lesotho s 5 25 83 179 330 358 382Liberia i 868 1 260 2 454 2 419 2 516 2 496 2 431Madagascar i 40 52 107 173 341 434 442Malawi i 113 151 198 163 183 163 163Mali t 12 33 38 162 453 576 678Mauritania i ..k 39 57 92 108 101 113Mauritius i 26 43 169 256 687 719 746Mozambique i 15 17 42 201 1 094 1 350 1 755Namibia 1 994g 2 010g 2 047 1 708 1 230 797 978c
Niger i 190 206 286 363 426 449 457Nigeria i 2 405 4 417 8 072 14 065 20 184 21 289 22 570Rwanda i 54 133 213 231 252 256 259São Tomé and Principe m .. .. - - 4 9 11Senegal i 150 188 258 374 827 859 952Seychelles i 54 105 204 321 577 636 699Sierra Leone i 79 68 ..k ..k 19 22 26Somalia i 34 10 ..k 2 4 4 4South Africa 16 519 9 024 9 121 15 099 47 418 50 246 50 998Swaziland 243u 104 336 535 432 479 656Togo i 176 210 268 307 511 574 649Uganda i 9 7 4 272 1 255 1 484 1 759United Republic of Tanzania i 47 91 93 325 1 783 2 111 2 351Zambia t 355 450 1 012 1 543 2 350 2 422 2 619Zimbabwe i 186 187 124 342 1 085 1 088 1 114
Latin America and the Caribbean 50 404 80 129 116 963 201 755 608 924 705 746 762 229
South America 29 345 42 238 66 625 112 150 380 061 414 979 441 110
Argentina 5 344 6 563 8 778v 27 991 72 935 75 989 76 992c
Bolivia 420 592 1 026 1 564 5 176 5 839 6 392c
Brazil 17 480 25 664 37 143 42 530 196 884w 219 342w 235 908w
Chile 886 2 321 10 067 15 547 44 955 44 693 46 296c
Colombia 1 061 2 231 3 500 6 407 12 144 16 008 19 375Ecuador 719 982 1 626 3 619 7 081 8 410 9 686Guyana i 25 39 42 452 759 815 859Paraguay 212x 301x 405x 705 1 311 1 162 867Peru 898 1 152 1 302 5 541 10 503 10 669 12 565Suriname i ..k 52 ..k ..k ..k ..k ..kUruguay 727y 794y 1 007y 1 464y 2 088 2 406 1 291Venezuela 1 604 1 548 2 260 6 975 26 944 30 392 31 710
Other Latin America and the Caribbean 21 059 37 890 50 337 89 605 228 863 290 767 321 119
Anguilla z .. .. 11 68 227 260 293Antigua and Barbuda s 23 94 292 438 566 606 642Aruba aa .. .. 132 204 816 497 738Bahamas i 547 543 586 742 1 587 1 688 1 888Barbados i 102 125 171 227 308 326 338Belize i 12 10 73 153 269 310 362Bermuda i 5 131 8 053 13 849 23 997 56 393 68 977 78 070Cayman Islands ab 222 1 479 1 749 2 745 24 973 26 356 29 451Costa Rica 672 957 1 447 2 733ac 5 206ac 5 660ac 6 302ac
Cuba i - - 2 40 74 78 82Dominica s - 11 71 197 271 283 297Dominican Republic 239 265 572 1 707ac 5 214ac 6 293ac 7 254ac
El Salvador 154 181 212 293 1 973 2 223 2 431Grenada s 1 13 70 168 346 395 436Guatemala 701ad 1 050ad 1 734 2 202 3 420 3 876 4 155Haiti i 79 112 149 153 215 220 226Honduras i 92 172 383 652 1 489 1 684 1 826
/...
ANNEX B 259
Annex table B.3. FDI inward stock, by host region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a (continued)
(Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
Jamaica i 564 522 791 1 568 3 316 3 930 4 409Mexico 8 105ad 18 802ad 22 424 41 130 97 170 140 376 154 003c
Montserrat ae .. .. 40 68 84 85 86Netherlands Antilles i 770 257 408 364 78 77 61Nicaragua i 109 109 115 354 1 386 1 536 1 710Panama 2 461af 3 142af 2 198af 3 245 6 744 7 257 7 314Saint Kitts and Nevis ag 1 32 160 244 484 572 653Saint Lucia ah 94 197 319 517 804 826 849Saint Vincent and the Grenadines n 1 9 48 179 489 510 529Trinidad and Tobago 976 1 719 2 093 3 601ac 6 489ac 7 173ac 7 910ac
Virgin Islands ah 1 39 240 1 622 8 472 8 695 8 806
Asia and the Pacific 224 904 292 832 383 743 641 245 1 275 985 1 310 200 1 406 527
Asia 223 707 291 626 381 481 638 222 1 272 245 1 306 301 1 402 488
West Asia 7 568 37 657 41 196 51 662 69 979 70 035 72 376
Bahrain 61d 399d 552 2 403 5 906 5 986 6 205c
Cyprus i 460 789 1 146 1 579 3 878 4 530 4 827Iran, Islamic Republic of i 2 962 2 780 2 039 2 297 2 474 2 524 2 561Iraq i ..k ..k ..k ..k ..k ..k ..kJordan ai 155 493 615 627 2 258 2 358 2 414Kuwait i 30 33 26 12 527 380 387Lebanon t 20 34 53 138 1 116 1 365 1 622Oman i 483 1 201 1 723 2 210 2 501 2 543 2 583Occupied Palestinian Territory aj .. .. .. .. 155 165 206Qatar i 83 93 71 451 1 920 2 216 2 541Saudi Arabia i ..k 21 828 22 500 22 423 25 963 25 983 25 633Syrian Arab Republic i - 37 374 915 1 699 1 904 2 129Turkey 8 845ak 9 253ak 11 194ak 14 977ak 19 209 17 521 18 558c
United Arab Emirates i 409 482 751 1 770 1 061 1 318 1 413Yemen 195g 283g 180 1 882 1 336 1 271 1 336
Central Asia .. .. .. 4 018 16 123 20 856 25 139
Armenia .. .. .. 34al 513 580 680c
Azerbaijan .. .. .. 352am 3 735 3 962 5 354Georgia .. .. .. 32 423an 533an 679an
Kazakhstan .. .. .. 2 895 9 259 12 871 15 354Kyrgyzstan .. .. .. 144 439 427 415c
Tajikistan ao .. .. .. 40 144 153 162Turkmenistan ap .. .. .. 415 913 1 063 1 163Uzbekistan ao .. .. .. 106 697 1 267 1 332
South, East and South-East Asia 216 139 253 969 340 285 582 542 1 186 143 1 215 410 1 304 973
Afghanistan i 11 11 12 12 17 18 18Bangladesh 63 112 147aq 180aq 983aq 1 062aq 1 107aq
Bhutan z .. .. 2 2 3 4 4Brunei Darussalam i 19 28 23 631 3 856 4 383 5 418Cambodia 38ar 38ar 38ar 356 1 336 1 449 1 503c
China 6 251al 10 499al 24 762al 137 435al 348 346 395 192as 447 892as
Hong Kong, China 177 755at 183 219at 201 652at 227 532at 455 469 419 348 433 065c
India 1 177 1 075 1 668aq 5 652aq 18 916aq 22 319aq 25 768aq
Indonesia 10 274 24 971 38 883 50 601 60 638au 57 359au 55 836au
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of m .. .. 572 716 1 046 1 022 1 034Korea, Republic of 1 327 2 160 5 186 9 451 37 106 40 767 43 689Lao People’s Democratic Republic i 2 1 13 205 550 574 599Macau, China 2 725av 2 733av 2 733av 2 726av 2 725av 2 858 3 008c
Malaysia 5 169 7 388 10 318 28 731aw 52 747aw 53 301aw 56 505aw
Maldives o 5 3 25 61 118 130 142Mongolia ae .. .. - 38 182 225 302Myanmar ..k, ax ..k, ax ..k, ax 649ax 3 178 3 266 3 395c
Nepal 1az 2az 12az 39az 97az 116 126c
Pakistan 691 1 079 1 928 5 552 6 912 5 536 6 359c
Philippines 1 281 2 601 3 268 6 086 9 081 10 468 11 579c
Singapore 6 203 13 016 30 468 65 644 113 431 116 428 124 083c
Sri Lanka 231 517 681aq 1 297aq 2 389aq 2 471aq 2 713aq
Taiwan Province of China 2 405 2 930 9 735aq 15 736aq 27 924aq 32 033aq 33 478aq
Thailand 981 1 999 8 209 17 452 24 468 29 158 30 226c
Viet Nam i 9 64 260 5 760 14 624 15 924 17 124
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives260
Annex table B.3. FDI inward stock, by host region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a (concluded)
(Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
The Pacific 1 196 1 207 2 263 3 022 3 740 3 899 4 039
Fiji 358 393 414ba 834ba 1 017ba 1 106ba 1 183ba
Kiribati bb .. - 1 - 1 5 5 6New Caledonia ai 28 35 76 110 146 144 144Papua New Guinea 748 683 1 582 1 667 2 007bc 2 069bc 2 119bc
Samoa i 1 2 9 29 53 55 56Solomon Islands t 28 32 70 126 126 114 107Tonga s - - 1 8 21 22 25Tuvalu bd .. .. .. - 1 1 1Vanuatu t 33 62 110 249 366 384 399
Central and Eastern Europe .. 49 2 841 40 187 129 169 155 734 187 868
Albania ao .. .. .. 201 568 775 988Belarus .. .. .. 50be 1 306 1 374 1 602c
Bosnia and Herzegovina .. .. .. 20bf 376an 506an 828an
Bulgaria .. .. 112bf 446bf 2 716 3 410 3 889c
Croatia .. .. .. 478bg 3 560 5 049 6 029c
Czech Republic .. .. 1 363bh 7 350 21 644 27 092 38 450Estonia .. .. .. 688bg 2 645 3 160 4 226Hungary .. 49g 569 11 919 19 804 23 562 24 416c
Latvia .. .. .. 615 2 084 2 332 2 723Lithuania .. .. .. 352 2 334 2 666 3 981Moldova, Republic of .. .. .. 93 446 600 717Poland .. .. 109 7 843 34 227 41 031 45 150c
Romania .. .. - 821 6 480 7 638 8 786Russian Federation .. .. .. 5 465 17 956 20 142 22 563c
Serbia and Montenegro ao .. .. .. 329 1 319 1 484 1 959Slovakia .. .. 81 810 4 634 6 213as 10 225as
Slovenia .. .. 607bi 1 763 2 809 3 209 5 074c
TFYR Macedonia bd .. .. .. 33 387 829 907Ukraine .. .. .. 910 3 875 4 662 5 355c
Yugoslavia (former) .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Memorandum
Least developed countries bj 3 419 5 132 8 165 16 208 35 609 40 867 46 099Oil-exporting countries bk 13 281 59 568 81 047 113 781 174 176 182 275 189 638All developing economies, excluding China 301 219 396 306 526 669 783 121 1 681 222 1 778 733 1 891 896
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.a Estimates. For details, see “Definitions and Sources” in annex B. For the countries for which the stock data are estimated by either
cumulating FDI flows or adding or subtracting flows to FDI stock in a particular year, notes are given below.b Value does not include data for Belgium and for Luxembourg. For details, see “Definitions and Sources” in Annex B, p. 231.c Stock data after 2001 are estimated by adding flows.d Stock data prior to 1989 are estimated by subtracting flows.e Stock data from 1990 to 1998 are estimated by subtracting flows from the stock of 1999.f Stock data prior to 1999 are estimated by subtracting flows.g Stock data prior to 1990 are estimated by subtracting flows.h Stock data prior to 1982 are estimated by subtracting flows.i Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1970.j Stock data prior to 1988 are estimated by subtracting flows.k Negative stock value. However, this value is included in the regional and global total.l Stock data prior to 1987 are estimated by subtracting flows.m Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1987.n Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1978.o Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1973.p Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1982.q Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1997.r Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1975.s Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1977.t Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1971.u Stock data prior to 1981 are estimated by subtracting flows.v Stock data for 1990 is estimated by subtracting flows from the stock of 1991.w Stock data are estimated by adding flows to the stock of 1995.x Stock data up to 1993 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1970.y Stock data up to 1996 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1970.z Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1990.aa Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1989.ab Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1974.ac Stock data after 1990 are estimated by adding flows.ad Stock data up to 1989 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1970.ae Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1986.
ANNEX B 261
af Stock data prior to 1995 are estimated by subtracting flows.ag Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1980.ah Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1976.ai Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1972.aj Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1996.ak Stock data prior to 2000 are estimated by subtracting flows.al Stock data prior to 1997 are estimated by subtracting flows.am Stock data up to 1998 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1994.an Stock data after 1998 are estimated by adding flows.ao Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1992.ap Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1993.aq Stock data after 1988 are estimated by adding flows.ar Stock data prior to 1994 are estimated by subtracting flows.as Stock data after 2000 are estimated by adding flows.at Stock data prior to 1998 are estimated by subtracting flows.au Stock data after 1999 are estimated by adding flows.av Stock data prior to 2001 are estimated by subtracting flows.aw Stock data after 1994 are estimated by adding flows.ax Stock data prior to 1999 are estimated by subtracting flows.az Stock data up to 2000 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1972.ba Stock data after 1989 are estimated by adding flows.bb Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1983.bc Stock data after 1997 are estimated by adding flows.bd Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1984.be Stock data up to 1995 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1992.bf Stock data prior to 1998 are estimated by subtracting flows.bg Stock data prior to 1996 are estimated by subtracting flows.bh Stock data prior to 1992 are estimated by subtracting flows.bi Stock data prior to 1993 are estimated by subtracting flows.bj Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan,Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.
bk Oil-exporting countries include: Cameroon, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
Note: For data on FDI stock which are calculated as an accumulation of flows, price changes are not taken into account.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives262
Annex table B.4. FDI outward stock, by home region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a
(Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World 563 997 743 267 1 762 963 2 901 059 5 991 756 6 318 861 6 866 362b
Developed economie 499 391 665 090 1 629 259 2 583 824 5 154 968 5 487 592 5 987 746b
Western Europe 237 694 330 825 874 369 1 463 467 3 248 357 3 453 487 3 771 452b
European Union 215 582 304 579 797 322 1 298 257 2 980 615 3 171 860 3 434 297b
Austria 530 1 343 4 273 11 702 24 820 28 511 40 220Belgium and Luxembourg 6 037 9 551 40 636 80 690 179 773 181 460 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 2 065 1 801 7 342 24 703 65 881 69 766 74 605c
Finland 737 1 829 11 227 14 993 52 109 56 055 69 468France 24 281d 37 753d 110 125 204 431 445 091 489 441 652 105Germany 43 127 59 909 148 456 258 142 483 946 553 315 577 849c
Greece 2 923e 2 923e 2 948e 3 004e 5 861 6 371 7 026c
Ireland .. 8 852e 11 588e 13 473e 27 925 33 748 36 453c
Italy 7 319 16 600 57 261 97 042 180 275 182 375 194 498Netherlands 42 116 47 898 106 899 172 672 307 760 329 383 355 652c
Portugal 512f 583f 900 3 173 17 170 23 491 31 983Spain 1 931 4 455 15 652 36 243 164 791 189 418 216 051c
Sweden 3 572g 10 768 50 720 73 143 123 125 122 053 145 382United Kingdom 80 434 100 313 229 294 304 847 902 087 906 474 1 033 003
Other Western Europe 22 112 26 245 77 047 165 210 267 742 281 627 337 156
Gibraltar .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Iceland 59h 59h 75 179 663 839 1 068Malta .. .. .. 32 203 210i 210i
Norway 561 1 093 10 884 22 519 33 505 32 771i 38 308i
Switzerland 21 491 25 093 66 087 142 479 233 371 247 807 297 570
North America 239 158 281 512 515 358 817 224 1 528 943 1 626 312 1 775 134
Canada 23 783 43 143 84 837 118 209 235 512 244 638 273 719 United States 215 375 238 369 430 521 699 015 1 293 431 1 381 674 1 501 415c
Other developed economies 22 539 52 754 239 533 303 132 377 667 407 792 441 160
Australia 2 260 6 653 30 507 53 009 83 232 91 343 91 249Israel 141f 623f 1 188 4 041 9 361 9 607 10 783Japan 19 610 43 970 201 440 238 452 278 445 300 115 331 596c
New Zealand 529j 1 508j 6 398j 7 630 6 629 6 728 7 532
Developing economies 64 606 78 176 133 088 310 864 817 450 806 524 849 464
Africa 6 871 10 960 20 777 33 004 48 591 43 066 43 574
North Africa 460 872 1 474 1 528 2 998 3 200 3 471
Algeria k 98 156 183 266 343 352 452Egypt l 39 91 163 350 655 668 695Libyan Arab Jamahiriya m 162 287 624 279 1 230 1 314 1 424Morocco l 155 333 489 603 737 834 863Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tunisia 6 6 15 30 33 32 37
Other Africa 6 412 10 088 19 303 31 475 45 592 39 866 40 103
Angola .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Benin n - 2 2 2 55 58 58Botswana 438f 439f 447 650 517 866 1 123Burkina Faso o 3 3 4 13 24 25 26Burundi p .. .. - 1 2 2 2Cameroon q 23 53 150 227 255 257 261Cape Verde r .. .. 1 5 5 5 5Central African Republic s - 1 17 40 42 42 42Chad t 1 1 48 81 79 79 79Comoros u .. .. 1 2 2 2 2Congo .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Congo, Democratic Republic of .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
ANNEX B 263
Annex table B.4. FDI outward stock, by home region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a (continued)
(Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
Côte d’Ivoire u .. .. 31 517 677 679 682Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Equatorial Guinea p .. .. - - ..v 3 3Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia w .. .. .. .. 435 504 511Gabon o 78 103 164 257 271 273 273Gambia .. .. 22 36 44 42 46c
Ghana x .. .. .. .. 359 412 472Guinea x .. .. .. .. 8 9 12Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Kenya s 18 60 99 116 218 268 344Lesotho r .. .. - - - - -Liberia y 48 361 453 1 113 1 524 1 357i 1 307i
Madagascar z .. .. 1 5 4 4 4Malawi .. .. .. .. 15aa 18aa 22aa
Mali s 22 22 22 23 112 129 148Mauritania z .. .. 3 3 3 3 3Mauritius ab .. - 2 94 133 135 136Mozambique ac .. .. .. - 1 1 1Namibia .. .. 80 15 45 10 5c
Niger o 2 8 54 109 145 141 141Nigeria t 9 ..v 2 586 3 975 4 358 4 452 4 553Rwanda u .. .. - ..v 3 4 5São Tomé and Principe .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal m 7 43 49 96 116 109 148Seychelles ad 14 44 61 94 136 147 161Sierra Leone .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Africa 5 722 8 963 14 864 23 433 35 277 29 155 28 755Swaziland 19ae 9 38 136 100 53 162Togo af 10 10 16 44 125 118 118Uganda ag .. .. .. 255 265 259 246United Republic of Tanzania .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Zambia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Zimbabwe ah .. 10 88 137 241 245 249
Latin America and the Caribbean 51 529 55 517 63 358 90 861 160 186 167 906 173 187
South America 46 085 47 356 51 476 64 620 95 458 94 459 98 185
Argentina 5 997ai 5 945ai 6 106ai 10 696 20 681 20 473 19 407c
Bolivia 1aj 1j 9 18 29 32 34c
Brazil 39 601ak 40 496ak 42 101ak 45 530ak 53 003ak 50 745 53 227c
Chile 42 102 178 2 425al 11 793 12 976 13 439c
Colombia 136 301 402 1 027 2 989 3 047 3 830Ecuador am .. .. .. 73 270 270 270Guyana an .. .. .. 2 - - -Paraguay 113ao 128ao 137ao 179 214 220 217Peru 3 38 122 567 505 574 730Suriname .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uruguay 169ap 181ap 183ap 186ap 208aq 209aq 224aq
Venezuela 23 165 2 239 3 918 5 766 5 914 6 807
Other Latin America and the Caribbean 5 444 8 161 11 882 26 240 64 728 73 447 75 002
Anguilla .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Antigua and Barbuda .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Aruba an .. .. .. 10 14 27 32Bahamas y 285 154 614 1 286 1 385 1 385i 1 385i
Barbados k 5 13 23 33 41 42 43Belize ac .. .. .. 12 47 55 64Bermuda y 727 1 691 1 550 2 626 14 942 9 535i 7 712i
Cayman Islands ar 5 85 694 1 984 16 247 19 059 20 026Costa Rica t 7 27 44 67 95 104 160Cuba .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Dominica w .. .. .. .. - - -Dominican Republic an .. .. .. 38 122 89 89El Salvador .. .. 54ap 53ap 74 64 39Grenada u .. .. - - 1 1 1Guatemala x .. .. .. .. 31 32 36Haiti am .. .. .. 1 4 4 4Honduras .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives264
Annex table B.4. FDI outward stock, by home region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a (continued)
(Millions of dollars)
Home region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
Jamaica k 5 5 42 308 709 798 872Mexico 3 589ak 3 957ak 4 628ak 6 130ak 11 098ak 11 944 12 425Montserrat .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Netherlands Antilles ad 9 10 21 24 11 11 12Nicaragua an .. .. .. - 8 13 17Panama y 811 2 204 4 188 4 939 4 004 5 906i 7 767i
Saint Kitts and Nevis u .. .. - - - - -Saint Lucia u .. .. - 1 1 - -Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as .. .. 1 1 1 1 1Trinidad and Tobago ah .. 15 22 24 297 447 594Virgin Islands ah .. .. .. 8 704 15 598 23 930 23 722
Asia and the Pacific 6 206 11 699 48 953 187 000 608 673 595 552 632 702
Asia 6 193 11 662 48 868 186 574 608 232 594 994 632 114
West Asia 1 447 2 143 7 609 7 112 13 318 17 646 19 777
Bahrain 600at 599at 719 1 044 1 752 1 968 2 146c
Cyprus ab .. - 9 78 529 749 731Iran, Islamic Republic of ag .. .. .. ..v 1 207 4 019 5 318Iraq .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Jordan m 35 38 28 ..v ..v ..v ..vKuwait s 568 930 3 662 2 804 1 427 1 793 1 638Lebanon au .. 42 49 94 248 340 414Oman ab .. 2 7 23 23 22 22Occupied Palestinian Territory .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Qatar am .. .. .. 30 181 293 353Saudi Arabia av 239 508 1 873 1 621 2 120 2 076 2 126Syrian Arab Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Turkey .. .. 1 157aw 1 425aw 3 668 3 775 3 950c
United Arab Emirates y 5 19 99 98 2 253 2 695i 3 136i
Yemen au .. 4 5 5 5 5 5
Central Asia .. .. .. - 558 758 1 521
Armenia ax .. .. .. .. 33 44 55Azerbaijan ax .. .. .. .. 474 632 957Georgia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Kazakhstan .. .. .. - 18 43 464Kyrgyzstan .. .. .. .. 33 39 45c
Tajikistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South, East and South-East Asia 4 746 9 519 41 259 179 462 594 356 576 590 610 816
Afghanistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Bangladesh z .. .. 6 9 29 50 54Bhutan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Brunei Darussalam ac .. .. .. 71 148 156 165Cambodia an .. .. .. 2 2 2 2China .. 131 2 489ay 15 802ay 25 804ay 32 688ay 35 538ay
Hong Kong, China az 148 2 344 11 920 78 833 388 380 352 602 370 296India 235j 250j 281j 495ba 1 311ba 2 068ba 2 499ba
Indonesia .. 55bb 77bb 1 295 2 339aq 2 464aq 2 580aq
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Korea, Republic of 127 461 2 301 7 787 50 552 40 825 43 500c
Lao People’s Democratic Republic ac .. .. .. 1 169 172 229Macau, China .. .. .. .. .. 137 137c
Malaysia 197 1 374 2 671 11 143 18 688aa 18 955aa 20 194aa
Maldives u .. .. - - - - -Mongolia am .. .. .. - - - -Myanmar bc .. .. .. - - - -Nepal .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Pakistan 40 127 250 403 521 588 571c
Philippines 171 171 155 1 220 1 597 1 273 1 358c
Singapore 3 718f 4 387f 7 808 35 050 53 104 67 255 71 336c
Sri Lanka ab .. 1 8 35 86 86 97Taiwan Province of China 97 204 12 888bd 25 144bd 49 187bd 54 667bd 59 553bd
Thailand 13 14 404 2 173 2 439 2 601i 2 707i
Viet Nam .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
ANNEX B 265
Annex table B.4. FDI outward stock, by home region and economy,1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a (concluded)
(Millions of dollars)
Host region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
The Pacific 13 37 85 426 442 558 588
Fiji ar 2 15 70 43 ..v ..v ..vKiribati bc .. .. .. - - - -New Caledonia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Papua New Guinea 10 22 15ay 383ay 519ay 628ay 675ay
Samoa .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Solomon Islands u .. .. - - - - -Tonga z .. .. - - 1 1 1Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Central and Eastern Europe .. .. 616 6 372 19 339 24 746 29 152
Albania ag .. .. .. 48 82 82 86Belarus an .. .. .. - 5 6 ..vBosnia and Herzegovina an .. .. .. 13 40 40 40Bulgaria .. .. .. 105be 87 97 125c
Croatia .. .. .. 703 875 969 1 064c
Czech Republic .. .. .. 346 738 1 136 1 496Czechoslovakia (former) .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Estonia .. .. .. 70be 259 442 670Hungary .. .. 197 489 2 068 4 377 4 641c
Latvia .. .. .. 231 241 47 67Lithuania .. .. .. 1 29 48 60Moldova, Republic of .. .. .. 18 19 19 19Poland .. .. 95 539 1 025 1 107 1 280c
Romania .. .. 66 121 142 127 155Russian Federation .. .. .. 3 015 12 394 14 734 18 018c
Serbia and Montenegro .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Slovakia .. .. .. 87 367 404i 409i
Slovenia .. .. 258 490 794 950 1 066c
TFYR Macedonia x .. .. .. .. 4 5 5Ukraine .. .. .. 97 170 158 153c
Yugoslavia (former) .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Memorandum
Least developed countries bf 92 456 704 1 843 3 216 3 147 3 223Oil-exporting countries bg 1 782 2 794 12 256 15 733 23 985 28 506 31 856All developing economies, excluding China 64 606 78 046 130 600 295 062 791 646 773 837 813 926
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.a Estimates. For details, see “Definitions and Sources” in annex B. For the countries for which the stock data are estimated by either
cumulating FDI flows or adding or subtracting flows to FDI stock in a particular year, notes are given below.b Value does not include data for Belgium and for Luxembourg. For details, see “Definitions and Sources” in Annex B, p. 231.c Stock data after 2001 are estimated by adding flows.d Stock data prior to 1987 are estimated by subtracting flows.e Stock data prior to 1999 are estimated by subtracting flows.f Stock data prior to 1990 are estimated by subtracting flows.g Stock data prior to 1982 are estimated by subtracting flows.h Stock data prior to 1988 are estimated by subtracting flows.i Stock data after 2000 are estimated by adding flows.j Stock data prior to 1992 are estimated by subtracting flows.k Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1970.l Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1977.m Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1972.n Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1979.o Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1974.p Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1989.q Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1973.r Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1988.s Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1975.t Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1978.u Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1990.v Negative stock value. However, this value is included in the regional and global total.w Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1997.x Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1996.y Stock data are estimated by using the inward stock of the United States from 1980 to 2000 as a proxy.z Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1986.aa Stock data after 1998 are estimated by adding flows.ab Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1985.ac Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1991.ad Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1976.ae Stock data prior to 1981 are estimated by subtracting flows.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives266
af Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1971.ag Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1992.ah Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1983.ai Stock data prior to 1991 are estimated by subtracting flows.aj Stock data from 1980 to 1985 are estimated by accumulating flows since 1980.ak Stock data prior to 2001 are estimated by subtracting flows.al Stock data from 1993 to 1995 are estimated by subtracting flows from 1996 stock.am Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1995.an Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1993.ao Stock data prior to 1995 are estimated by subtracting flows.ap Stock data prior to 1996 are estimated by subtracting flows.aq Stock data after 1999 are estimated by adding flows.ar Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1980.as Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1987.at Stock data prior to 1989 are estimated by subtracting flows.au Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1982.av Stock data are estimated by using the inward stock of Canada and the United States from 1980 to 1991 and France, Netherlands and the
United States from 1995 to 1997as a proxy. Stock data after 1997 are estimated by adding flows.aw Stock data prior to 2000 are estimated by subtracting flows.ax Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1987.ay Stock data after 1989 are estimated by adding flows.az Stock data are estimated by using the inward stock of the United States from 1980 to 1983 and by using the inward stock of the United
States and China as a proxy from 1984 to 1997 as a proxy. Stock data after 1997 are estimated by adding flows.ba Stock data after 1992 are estimated by adding flows.bb Stock data are estimated by using the inward stock of Germany and the United States from 1984 to 1992 as a proxy.bc Stock data are estimated by accumulating flows since 1994.bd Stock data after 1988 are estimated by adding flows.be Stock data prior to 1996 are estimated by subtracting flows.bf Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan,Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.
bg Oil-exporting countries include: Cameroon, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
Note: For data on FDI stock which are calculated as an accumulation of flows, price changes are not taken into account.
ANNEX B 267
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
Worldinward 4.4 7.5 10.9 16.5 20.8 12.8 12.2outward 5.0 7.4 11.0 16.9 18.3 11.3 13.6
Developed countriesinward 3.7 6.0 10.4 17.1 22.9 12.7 12.3
outward 5.7 8.8 13.9 21.1 22.4 14.3 15.6
Western Europeinward 5.5 8.3 14.8 27.3 41.6 24.0 22.0outward 8.4 14.5 24.5 42.4 51.1 28.0 23.7
European Unioninward 5.5 8.0 14.8 27.5 42.2 24.5 22.5outward 8.1 13.8 24.6 42.3 50.5 28.4 23.8
Austriainward 4.0 5.5 9.1 6.0 19.4 13.4 ..outward 3.2 4.1 5.5 6.7 12.6 7.1 ..
Belgium and Luxembourginward 21.1 22.3 40.6 209.5 169.7 171.2 ..outward 14.0 13.5 51.6 214.1 165.2 195.4 ..
Belgiuminward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Luxembourginward .. .. .. .. .. .. 2865.0outward .. .. .. .. .. .. 3512.8
Denmarkinward 8.4 8.4 21.6 47.0 93.6 35.9 17.7outward 8.9 12.6 12.5 47.6 71.6 40.5 14.4
Finlandinward 4.6 9.6 8.5 18.8 34.4 15.0 35.0outward 9.6 24.0 77.3 27.2 96.9 33.7 37.8
Franceinward 6.7 9.2 11.6 16.8 16.5 20.9 18.4outward 8.9 14.1 18.2 45.8 67.6 35.1 22.4
Germanyinward 0.9 2.7 5.4 12.4 50.3 9.1 10.4outward 5.6 9.2 19.4 24.3 14.1 11.3 6.7
Greeceinward 5.2 4.1 0.3 2.1 4.2 6.0 0.2outward - 0.6 1.0 2.0 8.2 2.3 2.1
Irelandinward 14.7 16.8 45.4 81.4 115.9 65.7 70.9outward 4.2 6.3 20.7 26.9 20.3 24.6 10.1
Italyinward 1.6 1.7 1.2 3.1 6.3 6.9 6.2outward 3.2 4.9 5.6 3.0 5.8 10.0 7.3
Netherlandsinward 13.0 15.3 48.9 45.9 72.1 60.9 33.2outward 25.4 33.6 48.5 64.3 88.0 57.6 29.9
Portugalinward 7.1 9.6 11.3 4.0 22.9 19.1 13.6outward 2.2 7.4 13.9 10.2 25.4 24.5 11.2
Spaininward 8.3 6.3 8.8 10.9 26.4 19.2 12.8outward 3.3 10.3 14.1 29.0 38.5 22.7 11.1
Swedeninward 16.8 28.2 48.6 140.3 54.7 30.1 27.0outward 14.2 32.6 59.7 50.6 95.5 16.9 26.5
United Kingdominward 9.2 15.1 29.7 33.9 54.2 26.2 10.1outward 16.1 28.0 49.0 83.3 103.9 28.8 16.1
Other Western Europeinward 3.8 12.9 14.2 22.9 30.2 14.1 12.0outward 14.0 26.5 22.7 43.9 62.2 20.9 21.2
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives268
Gibraltarinward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Icelandinward 0.9 10.2 7.5 3.5 7.9 8.2 ..outward 2.0 3.8 3.6 5.7 18.2 19.0 ..
Maltainward 14.0 9.6 31.8 95.6 64.7 34.9 -41.8outward 0.3a 1.9 1.7 5.2 2.8 0.8 -
Norwayinward 4.7 12.7 10.3 23.1 18.1 6.8 2.7outward 7.9 15.4 6.1 17.5 25.4 -2.4 17.1
Switzerlandinward 3.2 13.2 17.1 22.3 38.2 18.5 19.2outward 17.2 35.3 35.8 63.4 88.5 36.0 24.3
North Americainward 4.7 7.9 12.4 18.0 20.8 9.7 2.9outward 6.7 8.2 10.4 13.3 10.3 7.9 8.6
Canadainward 6.1 9.1 18.6 19.0 47.2 20.6 14.3outward 7.6 18.3 28.1 13.2 33.0 26.2 19.9
United Statesinward 4.5 7.8 11.9 18.0 18.6 8.7 1.9outward 6.6 7.2 8.9 13.3 8.4 6.3 7.5
Other developed countriesinward 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.2 1.3 13.1outward 1.8 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.7 4.4 6.8
Australiainward 8.4 8.3 7.1 3.2 15.4 5.2 15.0outward 4.8 7.0 4.0 -0.7 0.7 14.3 7.3
Israelinward 3.5 8.0 8.2 13.8 21.9 16.9 9.0outward 3.2 2.9 5.0 4.2 15.1 3.9 6.7
Japaninward 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.7 0.6 ..outward 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.6 3.6 ..
New Zealandinward 24.4 19.2 8.9 14.4 36.4 21.1 3.3outward 2.8 -0.3 3.5 9.7 5.9 12.6 2.9
Developing countriesinward 6.5 11.4 12.0 14.3 14.6 12.7 10.5outward 2.9 4.1 3.1 3.7 6.2 2.9 4.6
Africainward 5.3 9.7 8.0 11.8 8.8 19.4 8.9outward 2.2 3.2 2.6 2.3 0.7 -2.6 0.1
North Africainward 4.3 5.9 5.8 7.1 6.0 11.5 7.1outward 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
Algeriainward 0.5 2.4 4.0 4.3 3.8 8.6 8.1outward 0.1 0.1 - 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.8
Egyptinward 8.3 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.9 3.4 4.6outward 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
Libyan Arab Jamahiriyainward -0.2 -1.9 -4.2 -3.8 -3.2 -2.7 ..outward -0.8 6.4 8.4 6.8 2.2 2.3 ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
ANNEX B 269
Moroccoinward 6.3 17.2 5.3 16.5 5.3 37.2 4.8outward 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.3 0.3
Sudaninward 0.9 6.8 22.6 25.6 23.8 27.7 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Tunisiainward 10.3 7.8 13.6 7.0 15.2 9.3 15.0outward 0.1 0.2 - - - - -
Other Africainward 6.1 12.5 9.8 16.4 11.7 27.0 10.7outward 4.0 4.8 4.1 4.0 1.0 -5.5 -0.2
Angolainward 45.3 21.1 48.6 86.8 28.0 66.7 ..outward - - - - - - ..
Benininward 14.5 6.8 8.5 13.9 13.8 9.6 ..outward 1.6b 3.2 0.5 5.3 0.8 0.5 ..
Botswanainward -2.7 8.6 7.4 2.7 4.2 2.2 3.0outward 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 26.9 0.2
Burkina Fasoinward 1.7 1.9 1.3 2.0 3.9 1.4 1.1outward 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.7 - 0.1 0.2
Burundiinward 0.5 - 3.7 0.3 21.8 - -outward 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.3 - - -
Camerooninward 0.6 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.1 4.4 5.0outward 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cape Verdeinward 7.0 10.4 8.2 43.4 31.1 8.6 ..outward 0.4 - - 0.3 - - ..
Central African Republicinward 2.4 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.9 3.8 ..outward 3.5 0.2 0.2 - - - ..
Chadinward 14.6 23.3 8.8 10.5 39.9 - ..outward 5.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.8 - - ..
Comorosinward 1.3 0.1 10.0 1.3 5.9 0.1 ..outward 1.1c .. .. .. .. .. ..
Congoinward 15.1 15.7 6.9 111.4 17.9 8.3 27.4outward 0.1 0.7 -1.7 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic ofinward 0.4 -8.7 13.5 1.2 1.8 0.1 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Côte d’Ivoireinward 14.2 27.4 21.6 20.9 20.3 4.3 19.8outward 10.0 2.1 1.9 3.1 - 0.2 0.2
Djiboutiinward 7.5b 5.1 4.4 8.9 4.7 5.2 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Equatorial Guineainward 53.4 15.8 69.8 52.8 21.4 202.9 ..outward 0.1 - - 0.3 -0.7 0.9 ..
Eritreainward 19.9d 15.3 46.2 26.1 11.8 0.3 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Ethiopiainward 1.1 27.5 23.4 6.7 14.9 1.8 5.8outward .. 21.7 22.8 -4.4 -0.1 6.3 0.6
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives270
Gaboninward -20.9 -45.1 -14.0 -51.2 -3.3 12.8 7.4outward 1.4 -1.0 -1.0 1.1 2.0 0.1 -
Gambiainward 16.2 29.2 30.9 64.4 59.7 50.0 ..outward 6.2 7.7 7.3 5.8 6.5 7.1 ..
Ghanainward 8.1 5.0 3.3 16.1 9.6 7.1 4.0outward 10.5d 3.1 1.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.9
Guineainward 2.6 2.6 2.8 8.7 1.5 0.2 ..outward 0.1d 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 ..
Guinea-Bissauinward 2.3 31.5 16.6 22.8 1.8 2.1 ..outward .. .. .. .. - - ..
Kenyainward 0.8 2.1 2.2 2.6 8.3 3.2 2.9outward 0.4 0.2 0.8 1.9 1.9 3.2 4.4
Lesothoinward 11.4 5.6 6.1 7.5 8.2 8.7 11.2outward 0.1e .. .. .. .. .. ..
Liberiainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Madagascarinward 3.9 3.3 3.3 10.9 11.1 11.4 1.2outward 0.1 -0.4 0.2 - 0.2 - -
Malawiinward -1.3 -0.4 -1.4 20.7 -14.3 -10.5 ..outward 0.9d 0.4 2.9 1.3 1.4 2.1 ..
Maliinward 4.8 12.5 6.9 10.1 18.5 17.6 16.1outward 0.1 0.8 5.2 9.8 0.9 2.5 2.9
Mauritaniainward 4.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 3.3 -2.4 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mauritiusinward 2.1 5.0 1.3 4.2 25.9 3.2 2.7outward 1.8 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.1
Mozambiqueinward 8.4 10.5 27.4 30.0 10.8 23.0 24.0outward - -0.1 - - - - -
Namibiainward 18.3 11.7 9.9 14.3 23.8 39.9 ..outward -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 -1.8 ..
Nigerinward 7.3 11.1 3.5 0.1 4.5 9.7 ..outward 5.1 3.6 4.0 0.1 -0.3 -1.5 ..
Nigeriainward 29.0 16.4 11.9 52.1 49.4 31.3 34.9outward 6.3 0.6 1.2 4.7 4.5 2.6 2.8
Rwandainward 1.2 1.0 2.4 0.5 2.6 1.3 ..outward -0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 ..
São Tomé and Principeinward -0.5 0.6 2.7 4.2 11.0 24.8 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegalinward 3.4 22.3 7.5 15.1 7.3 3.6 9.2outward 1.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.1 -0.8 3.8
Seychellesinward 19.4 31.7 26.3 26.4 31.3 28.9 ..outward 5.3 5.8 1.4 4.0 4.1 5.4 ..
Sierra Leoneinward -0.2 22.6 -25.9 21.0 12.2 4.4 ..outward 0.4 - -0.1 - - - ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
ANNEX B 271
Somaliainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africainward 2.0 15.5 2.5 7.4 4.7 40.5 4.8outward 5.5 9.6 7.8 7.8 1.4 -19.0 -2.5
Swazilandinward 24.5 -3.5 34.6 20.5 10.4 34.0 ..outward 10.1 -2.3 5.5 -2.7 -4.4 3.7 ..
Togoinward 6.5 11.3 19.3 34.9 20.9 30.5 ..outward 3.9 2.2 10.3 20.5 0.2 -3.5 ..
Ugandainward 7.7 15.5 18.5 21.1 22.7 21.3 24.0outward 5.2 1.3 1.8 -0.8 -2.5 -0.5 -1.2
United Republic of Tanzaniainward 6.0 14.0 12.8 38.9 29.3 20.8 14.5outward -f - - - 0.1 - -
Zambiainward 21.6 14.1 41.3 32.5 21.2 10.1 25.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Zimbabweinward 3.0 8.0 44.0 7.2 2.6 0.5 7.5outward 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.9
Latin America and the Caribbeaninward 8.1 16.6 17.3 25.8 20.7 20.0 14.6outward 1.3 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.2 0.6 1.4
South Americainward 6.9 15.9 17.6 32.6 25.5 19.7 17.3
outward 1.3 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.5 -0.4 2.1
Argentinainward 10.0 16.1 12.2 46.9 25.3 8.4 8.2outward 2.2 6.4 3.9 3.4 2.2 -0.5 -8.7
Boliviainward 20.8 58.4 52.0 63.7 49.0 56.7 44.7outward 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Brazilinward 3.0 11.8 18.6 28.2 28.4 22.7 19.6outward 0.5 0.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 -2.3 2.9
Chileinward 16.0 23.5 22.3 56.9 22.9 31.4 11.4outward 4.7 6.5 7.2 16.6 25.1 10.1 3.3
Colombiainward 9.3 25.8 15.2 12.7 21.1 21.8 17.0outward 1.0 3.8 4.3 1.0 3.1 0.1 6.5
Ecuadorinward 13.0 19.2 21.0 31.9 32.7 45.2 ..outward 0.8 6.8 -2.0 - - - ..
Guyanainward 35.2 15.9 22.5 29.7 41.6 36.7 ..outward -0.1f -0.1 -0.2 -1.2 1.2 -0.1 ..
Paraguayinward 6.4 10.8 18.0 5.5 6.4 7.4 ..outward 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 ..
Peruinward 14.6 12.1 13.8 20.2 6.3 11.6 14.9outward - 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.6
Surinameinward -2.3 -2.9 19.7 -17.8 -104.5 -19.1 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Uruguayinward 4.0 4.0 4.8 7.9 10.3 14.0 ..outward - 0.4 0.3 1.3 - - ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives272
Venezuelainward 10.5 33.3 24.6 20.2 25.9 16.7 ..outward 3.2 3.0 1.3 3.1 0.6 0.7 ..
Other Latin America and the Caribbeaninward 11.6 18.6 16.6 14.1 13.5 20.4 11.8outward 1.3 3.3 4.3 1.8 0.2 2.0 0.8
Anguillainward 93.9g 95.3 101.6 109.3 113.5 100.7 ..outward .. 4.5 3.6 2.9 2.9 3.1 ..
Antigua and Barbudainward 16.8 10.1 8.5 10.4 10.4 21.8 ..outward 0.8f -1.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 ..
Arubainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bahamasinward 6.4 32.7 22.6 23.5 38.9 15.7 ..outward - 0.1 0.2 - - - ..
Barbadosinward 5.3 4.4 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.0 ..outward 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 ..
Belizeinward 11.7 8.2 12.4 24.4 7.7 16.2 ..outward 2.1 2.7 3.6 4.8 3.9 3.4 ..
Bermudainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Cayman Islandsinward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Costa Ricainward 15.1 17.6 21.3 21.8 14.4 15.3 20.0outward 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.8
Cubainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Dominicainward 39.3 27.5 9.2 24.3 12.9 15.6 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Dominican Republicinward 10.0 14.3 19.1 32.2 20.5 22.1 19.7outward 0.4f 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.3 -0.7 -
El Salvadorinward 1.3 3.3 55.2 10.8 7.8 11.0 9.0outward - - 0.1 2.7 -0.2 -0.4 -1.1
Grenadainward 22.1 29.1 38.2 27.5 22.3 38.4 ..outward - 0.4 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.1 ..
Guatemalainward 5.4 3.1 20.8 4.7 7.4 14.0 ..outward -0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.5 - ..
Haitiinward -0.3 0.5 1.1 2.6 1.3 0.5 0.7outward -2.5 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 - -
Hondurasinward 7.0 10.6 6.7 14.7 17.9 12.9 9.8outward - - - - - - -
Jamaicainward 12.4 9.4 18.6 27.8 22.1 26.4 ..outward 4.3 2.6 4.1 5.0 3.5 3.8 ..
Mexicoinward 11.9 18.1 13.8 12.6 12.6 20.7 11.3outward 0.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.8
Montserratinward 13.6g 12.8 10.4 37.7 19.9 4.7 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
ANNEX B 273
Netherlands Antillesinward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nicaraguainward 13.5 28.3 28.2 31.5 32.0 17.9 19.4outward -0.8a 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5
Panamainward 14.5 56.6 49.4 22.4 22.9 18.8 ..outward 44.0 90.1 125.3 12.2 -31.8 69.9 ..
Saint Kitts and Nevisinward 22.8 16.3 25.9 53.1 63.3 44.9 ..outward -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 - ..
Saint Luciainward 28.1 30.9 52.0 44.7 31.2 13.5 ..outward 0.1 0.1 -0.2 - - -0.1 ..
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesinward 41.6 106.2 88.4 52.4 33.1 20.5 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Trinidad and Tobagoinward 38.1 60.2 46.9 25.5 32.1 46.0 ..outward 0.1 -1.2 0.1 18.4 1.7 10.1 ..
Virgin Islands (OECD data UK)inward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Asia and the Pacificinward 6.2 9.7 10.2 10.7 13.0 9.8 7.2outward 3.5 4.6 3.2 4.2 8.2 4.1 8.9
Asiainward 6.1 9.7 10.2 10.7 13.1 9.8 7.2outward 3.5 4.6 3.2 4.2 8.2 4.1 8.9
West Asiainward 1.1 3.9 4.5 0.6 1.1 4.0 0.2outward 0.2 -0.1 -0.9 1.6 2.8 4.2 -4.8
Bahraininward 77.0 43.3 20.7 50.5 33.8 7.7 ..outward 11.8 6.3 20.8 18.2 0.9 20.4 ..
Cyprusinward 5.1 32.0 16.9 46.1 52.6 42.7 ..outward 1.1 1.7 3.6 11.2 10.9 14.4 ..
Iran, Islamic Republic ofinward 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 ..outward - 0.3 - 3.8 1.9 12.1 ..
Iraqinward -h .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Jordaninward 0.2 19.3 18.5 10.3 46.5 5.2 ..outward -1.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 ..
Kuwaitinward 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.6 0.6 -4.9 0.2outward 2.4 -23.7 -39.3 0.5 -10.7 12.3 -4.8
Lebanoninward 0.9 3.8 4.2 7.0 10.0 8.0 ..outward 0.4 0.5 - 0.1 4.2 2.9 ..
Omaninward 4.6 2.3 3.0 0.9 1.9 1.7 ..outward 0.1 - -0.1 0.1 -0.1 - ..
Occupied Palestinian Territoryinward 0.7d 0.4 3.9 1.1 4.3 0.7 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Qatarinward 5.6 12.1 11.5 3.5 7.8 9.4 ..outward 1.2b 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.3 3.5 ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives274
Saudi Arabiainward -0.7 10.4 14.2 -2.5 -5.7 0.1 ..outward 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.1 ..
Syrian Arab Republicinward 1.0 0.6 0.6 1.9 1.9 1.5 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Turkeyinward 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 12.4 ..outward 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.6 2.0 1.9 ..
United Arab Emiratesinward 2.2 1.8 1.9 -7.8 -3.9 2.0 ..outward 0.2 1.6 -0.2 0.9 16.0 3.4 ..
Yemeninward 8.9 -12.0 -13.8 -24.3 0.4 8.7 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Central Asiainward 10.3 30.2 30.1 25.3 20.5 37.1 ..outward -g - 3.2 7.1 0.3 2.6 ..
Armeniainward 4.7 19.6 72.0 40.3 30.8 18.6 ..outward .. .. 3.8 4.3 2.4 2.9 ..
Azerbaijaninward 56.9 76.1 64.8 39.1 12.9 14.6 ..outward .. .. 8.7 25.7 0.1 10.2 ..
Georgiainward 13.1 67.0 65.8 16.2 27.4 19.9 ..outward .. .. .. 0.2 -0.1 - ..
Kazakhstaninward 19.3 36.7 33.1 53.9 41.2 55.6 ..outward -g - 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 ..
Kyrgyzstaninward 21.4a 38.3 51.7 22.6 -1.0 2.3 ..outward .. .. 10.7 3.1 1.8 2.8 ..
Tajikistaninward 4.5 11.0 14.4 11.3 12.3 5.3 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Turkmenistaninward .. 10.7 4.9 5.9 7.7 10.1 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Uzbekistaninward 1.0f 5.2 5.6 4.0 3.5 45.7 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South, East and South-East Asiainward 7.4 10.4 11.0 12.2 14.8 10.3 7.3outward 4.2 5.4 3.9 4.6 9.1 4.1 9.1
Afghanistaninward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bangladeshinward 0.1 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.7 0.8 0.4outward - - - - - 0.2 -
Bhutannward 0.6 -0.5 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Brunei Darussalaminward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Cambodiainward 22.2 28.6 56.4 48.2 31.1 32.1 ..outward 0.7i .. .. .. .. .. ..
Chinainward 11.6 14.6 13.1 11.3 10.3 10.5 ..outward 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 1.5 ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
ANNEX B 275
Hong Kong, Chinainward 15.9 19.5 29.4 58.6 138.9 54.2 35.2outward 43.8 41.8 33.8 46.2 133.2 25.9 45.4
Indiainward 1.3 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.3 3.2 ..outward 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 ..
Indonesiainward 5.8 7.7 -1.5 -9.7 -14.3 -10.8 ..outward 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 ..
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic ofinward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Korea, Republic ofinward 0.8 1.7 5.7 8.3 7.1 3.1 1.5outward 1.6 2.7 5.0 3.7 3.8 2.1 2.1
Lao People’s Democratic Republicinward 21.4b 18.2 14.4 15.7 9.8 7.2 ..outward -b - - - 48.2 0.9 ..
Macau, Chinainward 0.1 0.2 -1.5 0.9 -0.1 20.8 21.5outward .. .. .. .. .. 2.6 ..
Malaysiainward 19.3 14.7 14.0 22.2 16.5 2.5 ..outward 4.8 6.2 4.4 8.1 8.8 1.2 ..
Maldivesinward 8.5 6.5 6.6 5.8 8.9 6.5 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mongoliainward 4.8a 10.3 7.3 12.0 18.7 13.9 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Myanmarinward 2.8 3.7 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nepalinward 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.5 - 2.0 0.9outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Pakistaninward 5.3 7.4 5.7 6.4 3.7 4.9 10.7outward - -0.3 0.1 - 0.1 0.4 -0.2
Philippinesinward 8.5 6.3 12.5 11.9 9.7 8.0 8.6outward 1.3 0.7 1.2 -0.2 -0.8 -1.3 0.7
Singaporeinward 28.8 37.0 24.7 47.6 45.6 43.8 ..outward 11.6 24.5 1.2 19.4 22.2 38.2 ..
Sri Lankainward 4.6 11.8 3.8 4.7 3.8 2.4 6.6outward 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 - - 0.3
Taiwan Province of Chinainward 2.4 3.4 0.4 4.4 6.8 7.8 2.9outward 4.8 7.9 6.1 6.7 9.2 10.4 9.8
Thailandinward 3.7 7.6 29.9 23.8 12.4 14.4 3.7outward 0.8 1.1 0.5 1.4 -0.1 0.6 0.4
Viet Naminward 34.9 37.3 23.9 20.1 15.0 13.7 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
The Pacificinward 31.0 14.1 35.1 35.0 10.3 17.9 ..outward 4.9 1.0 -7.2 -3.9 7.9 16.1 ..
Fijiinward 33.0 13.6 80.2 -10.2 -11.5 40.6 ..outward -5.0 -18.6 -22.9 -29.4 31.6 3.3 ..
Kiribatiinward 1.2 4.8 2.4 2.4 3.2 2.6 ..outward 0.1j .. .. .. .. .. ..
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives276
New Caledoniainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Papua New Guineainward 32.2 11.7 20.9 71.7 17.0 12.5 ..outward 7.4 6.5 0.1 8.4 -0.4 21.8 ..
Samoainward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Solomon Islandsinward 15.8 14.0 2.8 -28.5 2.1 -18.5 ..outward 0.2k .. .. .. 0.3 .. ..
Tongainward 6.8 14.0 9.3 9.3 21.8 4.7 ..outward 0.1c .. .. .. 5.3 .. ..
Tuvaluinward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Vanuatuinward 51.5 48.0 31.3 21.4 31.9 28.2 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Central and Eastern Europeinward 5.8 9.7 13.6 18.5 17.9 14.6 17.2outward 0.3 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.7 2.1 2.7
Albaniainward 28.5f 12.9 9.2 6.7 20.5 26.0 ..outward 13.2f 2.7 0.2 1.1 0.9 - ..
Belarusinward 0.9f 9.9 5.1 13.9 4.5 3.4 5.8outward .. 0.1 0.1 - - - -5.3
Bosnia and Herzegovinainward -0.1b 0.1 4.2 16.5 16.4 12.3 33.3outward 3.3b -0.2 .. .. .. .. ..
Bulgariainward 5.1 46.1 33.2 41.4 51.7 32.8 17.0outward -0.8f -0.2 - 0.9 0.2 0.4 1.0
Croatiainward 7.3a 10.9 18.1 31.6 27.2 35.0 ..outward 0.6a 3.8 1.9 1.0 0.1 3.5 ..
Czech Republicinward 9.6 7.9 22.3 41.3 34.3 35.6 59.1outward 0.6f 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.8
Czechoslovakia (former)inward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Estoniainward 23.9f 20.6 37.6 23.5 32.9 37.8 16.8outward 1.2f 10.6 0.4 6.4 5.4 13.9 6.7
Hungaryinward 26.8 21.3 18.3 17.2 14.6 20.1 ..outward 0.3 4.3 4.3 2.2 4.7 2.8 ..
Latviainward 23.5f 49.3 21.5 20.7 21.6 7.9 18.0outward -4.3f 0.6 3.3 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.4
Lithuaniainward 3.7f 15.2 35.4 20.7 18.0 18.2 24.7outward -b 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6
Moldova, Republic ofinward 5.7f 20.5 20.2 17.5 64.9 77.9 ..outward 1.2g 0.1 -0.2 - - - ..
Polandinward 10.1 14.5 15.9 18.4 23.4 14.9 11.4outward 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.1 - -0.2 0.5
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
/...
ANNEX B 277
Annex table B.5. Inward and outward FDI flows as a percentage of gross fixed capitalformation, by region and economy, 1991-2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1991-1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Annual average)
Romaniainward 3.2 16.3 26.5 16.5 14.7 14.1 ..outward 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 ..
Russian Federationinward 1.8f 5.9 5.7 11.9 6.7 4.3 3.9outward 0.6a 3.9 2.6 8.0 7.8 4.4 5.3
Serbia and Montenegroinward .. .. .. .. 1.9 9.8 ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Slovakiainward 4.4 3.0 8.6 6.4 33.1 24.7 56.9outward 0.4f 1.3 1.8 -6.1 0.4 0.6 0.1
Sloveniainward 4.0 7.9 4.5 1.9 2.8 10.8 37.1outward -0.1f 0.7 -0.1 0.9 1.4 2.8 2.3
TFYR Macedoniainward 2.5g 2.4 18.9 5.2 26.7 96.4 ..outward 0.1d 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 ..
Ukraineinward 2.8f 6.2 9.0 8.1 9.9 10.7 ..outward 0.1g 0.4 - 0.1 - 0.3 ..
Yugoslavia (former)inward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Memoraudum
Least developed countries l
inward 5.2 6.0 7.0 8.1 5.9 8.2 6.6outward 0.6 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3
Oil-exporting countries m
inward 3.4 8.7 7.9 2.9 1.2 4.3 12.1outward 1.1 0.5 -0.7 1.6 1.9 2.8 0.2
All developing countries minus Chinainward 5.5 10.6 11.7 15.3 16.0 13.6 ..outward 3.2 4.8 3.8 4.8 8.4 3.4 ..
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.a Annual average from 1993 to 1996.b Annual average from 1995 to 1996.c 1991.d 1996.e 1992.f Annual average from 1992 to 1996.g Annual average from 1994 to 1996.h Annual average from 1991 to 1993.i 1993.j 1994.k Annual average from 1991 to 1992.l Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan,Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.
m Oil-exporting countries include: Cameroon, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives278
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World inward 6.7 8.4 9.3 10.3 19.6 21.2 22.3 outward 5.8 6.6 8.6 10.0 19.3 20.4 21.6
Developed countries inward 4.9 6.2 8.2 8.9 16.5 17.9 18.7 outward 6.2 7.3 9.6 11.3 21.4 23.0 24.4
Western Europe inward 6.2 9.4 11.0 13.4 28.5 30.4 31.4 outward 6.4 10.8 12.1 16.1 39.3 41.3 42.7
European Union inward 6.1 9.3 10.9 13.2 28.5 30.5 31.4 outward 6.1 10.5 11.6 15.1 37.9 40.0 41.0
Austriainward 4.0 5.6 6.1 7.5 16.1 18.1 20.6outward 0.7 2.0 2.6 5.0 13.2 15.0 19.5
Belgium and Luxembourginward 5.8 21.2 27.8 38.3 79.1 81.8 ..outward 4.8 11.0 19.4 27.4 72.8 72.9 ..
Belgiuminward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Luxembourginward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmarkinward 6.1 6.0 6.9 13.2 42.0 41.3 41.7outward 3.0 3.0 5.5 13.7 41.6 43.8 43.4
Finlandinward 1.0 2.5 3.8 6.5 20.2 21.6 27.0outward 1.4 3.4 8.2 11.6 43.4 46.1 52.8
Franceinward 3.8 6.9 7.1 12.3 19.9 22.0 28.2outward 3.6 7.1 9.1 13.2 34.1 37.3 45.8
Germanyinward 3.9 5.1 7.1 7.8 25.2 22.3 22.7outward 4.6 8.4 8.8 10.5 25.9 29.8 29.0
Greeceinward 9.3 20.2 6.7 9.3 11.2 10.2 9.0outward 6.0 7.1 3.5 2.6 5.2 5.4 5.3
Irelandinward 155.6 163.5 72.3 60.7 124.4 133.9 129.1outward .. 43.4 24.5 20.2 29.3 32.7 29.9
Italyinward 2.0 4.5 5.3 5.8 10.5 9.9 10.6outward 1.6 3.9 5.2 8.8 16.8 16.7 16.4
Netherlandsinward 10.8 18.8 23.3 28.0 66.7 74.2 74.9outward 23.7 36.1 36.3 41.6 83.3 85.7 84.7
Portugalinward 12.3 18.7 14.8 17.1 26.9 29.9 36.0outward 1.7 2.4 1.3 3.0 16.2 21.3 26.2
Spaininward 2.3 5.2 12.8 18.7 25.8 28.2 33.2outward 0.9 2.6 3.0 6.2 29.4 32.5 33.0
Swedeninward 2.2 4.2 5.3 12.9 41.0 42.0 46.0outward 2.8 10.4 21.3 30.5 53.8 55.6 60.5
United Kingdominward 11.8 14.1 20.6 17.6 30.5 38.6 40.8outward 15.0 22.0 23.2 26.9 63.1 63.4 66.1
Other Western Europeinward 8.7 10.9 13.4 16.6 29.1 29.4 32.9outward 12.7 16.1 22.0 35.6 64.8 65.8 71.5
/...
ANNEX B 279
Gibraltarinward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Icelandinward ..a 2.4 2.3 1.8 5.8 8.4 10.0outward 1.7 2.0 1.2 2.6 7.9 11.0 12.3
Maltainward 13.8 28.1 20.1 28.4 83.4 90.0 73.8outward .. .. .. 1.0 5.7 5.8 5.4
Norwayinward 10.4 11.7 10.7 12.8 18.6 19.2 17.4outward 0.9 1.7 9.4 15.4 20.7 19.3 20.0
Switzerlandinward 7.9 10.4 15.0 18.6 36.3 36.1 44.2outward 20.0 26.0 28.9 46.4 97.5 100.3 111.3
North Americainward 4.5 5.5 8.0 8.3 13.5 14.2 14.1outward 7.9 6.2 8.1 10.3 14.5 15.1 15.9
Canadainward 20.4 18.4 19.6 21.1 29.0 29.7 30.4outward 8.9 12.3 14.7 20.3 33.3 34.7 37.6
United Statesnward 3.0 4.4 6.9 7.3 12.4 13.1 12.9outward 7.8 5.7 7.5 9.5 13.2 13.7 14.4
Other developed countriesinward 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.9 3.9 4.3 5.3outward 1.8 3.3 6.9 5.2 7.1 8.7 9.7
Australiainward 7.9 14.5 23.7 27.9 28.9 29.5 32.2outward 1.4 3.8 9.8 14.2 22.0 25.5 22.9
Israelinward 14.8 15.0 8.5 6.4 21.8 22.5 24.1outward 0.6 2.6 2.3 4.6 8.5 8.6 10.5
Japaninward 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.5outward 1.8 3.2 6.6 4.5 5.8 7.2 8.3
New Zealandinward 10.3 8.9 18.2 42.1 47.0 42.3 50.3outward 2.3 6.6 14.7 12.5 13.2 13.3 12.9
Developing countriesinward 12.6 16.4 14.8 16.6 31.1 33.4 36.0outward 3.8 3.8 3.9 5.8 12.9 12.8 13.5
Africainward 8.2 9.9 10.8 15.6 25.9 28.5 30.6outward 2.2 4.1 5.2 7.3 9.4 8.5 8.6
North Africainward 3.2 5.3 9.1 13.9 15.3 17.4 20.9outward 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.6
Algeriainward 3.1 2.2 2.2 3.5 6.4 8.5 10.5outward 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
Egyptinward 9.9 16.4 25.6 24.4 20.1 20.4 24.3outward 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8
Libyan Arab Jamahiriyainward ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a
outward 0.4 1.0 2.2 0.9 3.6 4.6 7.2Morocco
inward 1.0 3.4 3.5 9.2 20.3 28.0 26.9outward 0.8 2.6 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.3
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives280
Sudaninward 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.3 12.4 15.7 19.4outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Tunisiainward 38.2 58.5 62.0 61.0 59.3 58.4 66.2outward 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other Africainward 10.9 13.5 11.9 16.6 34.5 37.5 37.5outward 3.6 8.2 8.5 11.8 16.5 14.7 13.8
Angolainward 1.8 9.9 10.0 58.0 90.0 106.9 98.3outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Benininward 2.2 3.2 8.6 18.9 26.1 26.5 25.0outward - 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.5 2.4 2.1
Botswanainward 61.8 79.5 34.8 23.0 37.2 28.5 38.6outward 38.7 36.8 11.9 13.3 10.6 16.5 22.3
Burkina Fasoinward 1.0 1.7 1.4 3.4 6.7 6.3 5.9outward 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.9
Burundiinward 0.7 2.1 2.7 3.4 7.0 6.9 6.8outward .. .. - 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3
Camerooninward 4.9 13.8 9.4 13.3 14.3 15.7 15.7outward 0.3 0.6 1.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9
Cape Verdeinward .. .. 1.1 7.7 31.1 31.1 30.4outward .. .. 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8
Central African Republicinward 6.2 8.9 6.4 7.1 10.0 10.4 9.9outward ..a 0.1 1.2 3.6 4.5 4.4 4.0
Chadinward 14.6 21.6 16.6 25.7 47.4 38.6 78.4outward 0.1 0.1 2.7 5.6 6.0 4.9 4.1
Comorosinward 1.6 1.8 6.8 8.4 11.9 11.1 10.5outward .. .. 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7
Congoinward 18.5 22.4 20.6 40.7 58.8 65.9 69.5outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Congo, Democratic Republic ofinward 4.9 8.6 5.8 9.6 14.3 11.6 11.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Côte d’Ivoireinward 5.2 10.0 9.0 16.2 36.4 32.1 31.3outward .. .. 0.3 5.2 7.2 6.3 5.8
Djiboutiinward 1.2 1.1 1.5 3.4 6.1 6.4 6.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Equatorial Guineainward .. 7.0 19.2 106.9 90.0 115.0 92.8outward .. .. 0.2 0.2 ..a 0.2 0.1
Eritreainward .. .. .. .. 48.0 42.3 49.1outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Ethiopiainward 2.7 1.7 1.8 2.9 14.8 15.4 17.3outward .. .. .. .. 6.8 8.1 8.5
Gaboninward 12.0 24.9 20.3 8.9 ..a ..a ..a
outward 1.8 3.1 2.7 5.2 6.7 5.8 5.5Gambia
inward 52.7 56.3 49.4 48.4 51.2 54.0 74.9outward .. .. 6.9 9.4 10.4 10.2 13.2
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
ANNEX B 281
Ghanainward 5.2 6.0 5.4 12.7 29.4 29.3 26.4outward .. .. .. .. 7.2 7.8 7.8
Guineainward 0.1 0.1 2.4 3.5 8.6 8.9 9.4outward .. .. .. .. 0.2 0.3 0.4
Guinea-Bissauinward 0.1 2.7 3.3 7.8 21.3 23.3 22.0outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Kenyainward 5.3 7.8 7.8 8.1 9.5 9.2 9.3outward 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.4 2.9
Lesothoinward 1.2 8.5 5.3 35.9 58.3 64.5 75.3outward .. .. - - - - 0.1
Liberiainward 77.7 115.1 194.9 379.3 478.7 477.4 455.8outward 4.3 33.0 36.0 174.5 290.0 259.5 245.1
Madagascarinward 1.0 1.8 3.5 5.5 8.8 9.4 9.9outward .. .. - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Malawiinward 9.2 13.3 10.5 11.4 11.2 9.3 8.4outward .. .. .. .. 0.9 1.1 1.1
Maliinward 0.7 2.5 1.6 6.6 18.5 20.3 21.9outward 1.2 1.7 0.9 0.9 4.6 4.6 4.8
Mauritaniainward ..a 5.7 5.6 8.6 11.3 10.2 11.3outward .. .. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mauritiusinward 2.3 4.0 6.4 6.5 15.6 15.9 15.6outward .. - 0.1 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.8
Mozambiqueinward 0.4 0.4 1.7 8.7 29.1 37.4 44.8outward .. .. .. - - - -
Namibiainward 86.4 134.2 80.9 48.7 36.7 25.2 34.1outward .. .. 3.1 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.2
Nigerinward 7.6 14.3 11.5 19.3 23.7 23.0 21.0outward 0.1 0.6 2.2 5.8 8.1 7.2 6.5
Nigeriainward 3.7 15.5 28.3 50.0 49.1 51.5 42.4outward - ..a 9.1 14.1 10.6 10.8 8.5
Rwandainward 4.6 7.8 8.2 17.9 14.4 15.0 14.6outward .. .. - ..a 0.2 0.2 0.3
São Tomé and Principeinward .. .. 0.7 ..a 8.1 19.0 20.2outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegalinward 5.0 7.3 4.5 8.3 18.9 18.5 18.6outward 0.2 1.7 0.9 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.9
Seychellesinward 36.8 62.1 55.4 63.3 97.0 111.7 115.0outward 9.4 25.9 16.6 18.5 22.9 25.8 26.5
Sierra Leoneinward 6.8 5.7 ..a ..a 2.9 2.9 3.3outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Somaliainward 5.6 1.1 ..a 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africainward 20.5 15.8 8.1 10.0 37.1 44.0 48.7outward 7.1 15.7 13.3 15.5 27.6 25.5 27.4
Swazilandinward 41.8 29.1 39.9 41.1 31.1 37.1 54.6outward 3.3 2.4 4.5 10.4 7.2 4.1 13.5
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives282
Togoinward 15.5 27.5 16.5 23.4 42.1 45.6 47.0outward 0.9 1.3 1.0 3.4 10.3 9.4 8.6
Ugandainward 0.7 0.2 0.1 4.7 21.3 26.1 30.0outward .. .. .. 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.2
United Republic of Tanzaniainward 0.9 1.4 2.2 6.2 19.6 22.6 25.0outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Zambiainward 9.1 20.0 30.8 44.5 72.6 66.5 70.0outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Zimbabweinward 2.8 3.3 1.4 4.8 15.5 11.8 5.8outward .. 0.2 1.0 1.9 3.4 2.7 1.3
Latin America and the Caribbeaninward 6.5 11.0 10.4 11.8 30.6 36.2 44.7outward 7.2 8.4 5.9 5.5 8.2 8.8 10.4
South Americainward 5.9 9.0 8.5 8.6 30.2 35.6 48.7outward 9.6 10.4 6.7 5.0 7.6 8.1 10.9
Argentinainward 6.9 7.4 6.2 10.8 25.7 28.3 74.7outward 7.8 6.7 4.3 4.1 7.3 7.6 18.8
Boliviainward 15.1 19.0 21.1 23.4 62.2 72.8 79.2outward - - 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
Brazilinward 7.4 11.5 8.0 6.0 33.2 43.1 52.1outward 16.8 18.2 9.1 6.5 8.9 10.0 11.8
Chileinward 3.2 14.1 33.2 23.8 60.0 67.3 69.7outward 0.2 0.6 0.6 3.7 15.7 19.5 20.2
Colombiainward 3.2 6.4 8.7 6.9 15.6 19.4 24.0outward 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.1 3.8 3.7 4.7
Ecuadorinward 6.1 6.2 15.2 20.2 50.8 40.0 39.5outward .. .. .. 0.4 1.9 1.3 1.1
Guyanainward 4.2 8.6 10.6 72.7 106.6 116.8 120.0outward .. .. .. 0.3 - - -
Paraguayinward 4.6 9.5 7.7 7.8 17.0 16.1 12.1outward 2.5 4.0 2.6 2.0 2.8 3.0 3.0
Peruinward 4.3 6.1 5.0 10.3 19.9 19.7 22.1outward - 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3
Surinameinward ..a 5.3 ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a
outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uruguay
inward 7.2 16.8 10.8 8.0 10.4 12.9 13.1outward 1.7 3.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.3
Venezuelainward 2.3 2.5 4.7 9.0 22.2 24.1 33.6outward - 0.3 4.6 5.1 4.8 4.7 7.2
Other Latin America and the Caribbeaninward 7.4 14.7 14.7 22.5 31.3 37.1 40.1outward 2.3 3.9 4.0 7.3 9.2 9.8 9.8
Anguillainward .. .. 19.8 90.0 227.4 254.9 281.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
ANNEX B 283
Antigua and Barbudainward 21.3 46.5 74.5 88.6 85.9 88.8 99.7outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Arubainward .. .. 15.2 15.8 44.0 26.3 38.3outward .. .. .. 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.6
Bahamasinward 41.0 23.4 18.9 21.5 32.9 34.0 37.6outward 21.3 6.6 19.8 37.2 28.7 27.9 27.6
Barbadosinward 11.8 10.5 10.0 12.2 11.7 11.8 13.8outward 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8
Belizeinward 6.4 5.0 18.2 25.8 34.8 38.4 43.2outward .. .. .. 2.0 6.0 6.8 7.7
Bermudainward 836.7 774.7 869.7 1181.7 2265.8 2717.1 3015.0outward 118.5 162.7 97.3 129.3 600.4 375.6 297.8
Cayman Islandsinward 242.8 680.1 353.3 357.5 2398.5 2481.7 2718.8outward 5.6 39.0 140.3 258.4 1560.5 1794.6 1848.7
Costa Ricainward 13.9 24.4 25.3 23.3 32.7 34.5 37.2outward 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9
Cubainward ..a - - 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Dominicainward 0.1 10.7 42.9 87.9 100.5 107.5 117.1outward .. .. .. .. - - -
Dominican Republicinward 3.6 5.2 8.1 14.3 26.6 29.4 33.2outward .. .. .. 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4
El Salvadorinward 4.3 4.8 4.4 3.1 15.0 16.2 16.8outward .. .. 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3
Grenadainward 1.5 9.8 31.7 60.6 85.0 90.9 100.2outward .. .. 0.1 - 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guatemalainward 8.9 10.8 22.7 15.0 18.1 18.5 21.1outward .. .. .. .. 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitiinward 5.4 5.6 5.0 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.3outward .. .. .. - 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hondurasinward 3.6 4.7 12.6 16.5 25.1 26.4 27.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Jamaicainward 21.3 25.0 18.7 32.3 45.0 50.5 56.7outward 0.2 0.2 1.0 6.3 9.6 10.3 11.2
Mexicoinward 3.6 10.2 8.5 14.4 16.8 22.5 24.0outward 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9
Montserratinward .. .. 55.7 105.2 359.6 356.7 353.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Netherlands Antillesinward 88.9 24.1 22.4 14.5 3.1 3.1 2.4outward 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5
Nicaraguainward 5.1 4.1 11.4 19.2 57.0 60.1 66.5outward .. .. .. - 0.3 0.5 0.7
Panamainward 64.6 58.2 41.4 41.0 61.5 65.7 65.1outward 21.3 40.8 78.8 62.5 36.5 53.5 69.1
Saint Kitts and Nevisinward 2.1 40.5 100.6 105.7 147.5 166.6 192.1outward .. .. 0.1 ..a ..a ..a -
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives284
Saint Luciainward 70.1 104.2 80.2 92.1 117.0 114.1 119.4outward .. .. 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesinward 2.0 7.5 24.3 67.9 144.9 144.3 146.4outward .. .. 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidad and Tobagoinward 15.7 23.3 41.3 67.6 84.2 80.1 87.6outward .. 0.2 0.4 0.5 3.9 5.0 6.6
Virgin Islands (OECD data UK)inward 0.2 3.9 15.3 87.2 454.5 457.3 454.0outward .. .. .. 468.0 836.7 1258.6 1223.2
Asia and the Pacificinward 17.9 20.9 17.9 19.1 32.1 32.7 33.3outward 0.9 1.0 2.6 5.8 15.8 15.3 15.4
Asiainward 17.9 20.9 17.9 19.1 32.1 32.7 33.3outward 0.9 1.0 2.6 5.8 15.8 15.3 15.4
West Asiainward 1.6 10.0 8.2 9.5 9.9 10.4 10.1outward 0.7 1.3 2.2 1.4 2.0 2.8 2.9
Bahraininward 2.0 10.9 13.0 41.1 74.1 75.4 72.9outward 19.5 16.4 17.0 17.8 22.0 24.8 25.2
Cyprusinward 21.4 32.6 20.5 17.8 44.2 49.5 47.7outward .. - 0.2 0.9 6.0 8.2 7.2
Iran, Islamic Republic ofinward 3.2 3.7 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.4outward .. .. .. ..a 1.3 3.6 5.0
Iraqinward ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a ..a
outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Jordan
inward 3.9 9.6 15.3 9.2 26.7 26.7 26.0outward 0.9 0.7 0.7 ..a ..a ..a ..a
Kuwaitinward 0.1 0.2 0.1 - 1.5 1.1 1.1outward 2.0 4.3 19.9 10.6 4.0 5.2 4.6
Lebanoninward 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.2 6.8 8.2 9.4outward .. 2.0 1.7 0.8 1.5 2.0 2.4
Omaninward 8.1 12.0 16.4 18.3 13.2 12.7 12.6outward .. - 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Occupied Palestinian Territoryinward .. .. .. .. 4.6 4.2 5.3outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Qatarinward 1.1 1.5 1.0 5.5 11.7 13.4 14.7outward .. .. .. 0.4 1.1 1.8 2.0
Saudi Arabiainward ..a 25.2 21.5 17.5 13.8 13.9 13.4outward 0.2 0.6 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1
Syrian Arab Republicinward - 0.2 3.0 8.0 9.5 9.8 9.6outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Turkeyinward 12.9 13.8 7.4 8.8 9.6 11.9 10.2outward .. .. 0.8 0.8 1.8 2.6 2.2
United Arab Emiratesinward 1.4 1.8 2.2 4.1 1.5 1.9 2.0outward - 0.1 0.3 0.2 3.2 3.9 4.4
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
ANNEX B 285
Yemeninward 3.7 4.5 3.7 44.8 14.6 13.7 13.3outward .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -
Central Asiainward .. .. .. 8.8 32.9 38.9 45.8outward .. .. .. - 2.1 2.4 4.4
Armeniainward .. .. .. 1.2 26.8 26.4 28.7outward .. .. .. .. 1.7 2.0 2.3
Azerbaijaninward .. .. .. 12.2 70.8 69.4 86.4outward .. .. .. .. 9.0 11.1 15.4
Georgiainward .. .. .. 1.7 14.0 16.7 19.9outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Kazakhstaninward .. .. .. 14.5 50.6 57.5 62.9outward .. .. .. - 0.1 0.2 1.9
Kyrgyzstaninward .. .. .. 9.7 32.1 28.0 25.9outward .. .. .. .. 2.4 2.6 2.8
Tajikistaninward .. .. .. 7.0 14.5 14.5 14.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Turkmenistaninward .. .. .. 7.1 20.7 17.8 19.1outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Uzbekistaninward .. .. .. 1.0 5.1 10.9 13.8outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South, East and South-East Asiainward 27.9 24.9 20.9 21.1 37.0 37.2 37.9outward 1.1 1.0 2.6 6.7 18.9 18.0 18.1
Afghanistaninward 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bangladeshinward 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.2 2.3 2.4outward .. .. - - 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bhutaninward .. .. 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Brunei Darussalaminward 0.4 0.8 0.7 12.1 76.4 85.1 103.2outward .. .. .. 1.4 2.9 3.0 3.1
Cambodiainward 2.4 2.0 3.4 12.1 39.9 42.6 41.0outward .. .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinainward 3.1 3.4 7.0 19.6 32.3 33.2 36.2outward .. - 0.7 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9
Hong Kong, Chinainward 623.8 525.5 269.6 163.4 280.2 255.7 265.7outward 0.5 6.7 15.9 56.6 238.9 215.0 227.2
Indiainward 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 4.1 4.6 5.1outward 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5
Indonesiainward 13.2 28.2 34.0 25.0 40.4 39.5 32.2outward .. 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.6 1.7 1.5
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic ofinward .. .. 3.4 13.7 10.0 9.6 9.5outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives286
Korea, Republic ofinward 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.9 8.0 9.5 9.2outward 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.6 11.0 9.6 9.1
Lao People’s Democratic Republicinward 0.3 - 1.5 11.6 32.1 32.6 33.4outward .. .. .. - 9.9 9.8 12.8
Macau, Chinainward .. 198.2 84.1 39.3 44.0 46.0 44.7outward .. .. .. .. .. 2.2 2.0
Malaysiainward 20.7 23.3 23.4 32.3 58.6 60.5 59.4outward 0.8 4.3 6.1 12.5 20.8 21.5 21.2
Maldivesinward 11.4 2.8 12.6 16.7 19.8 20.8 22.6outward .. .. - - - - -
Mongoliainward .. .. - 4.2 19.2 21.4 27.8outward .. .. .. - - - -
Myanmarinward ..a ..a ..a 6.1 30.1 39.4 37.2outward .. .. .. - - - -
Nepalinward 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.8 2.0 2.1outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Pakistaninward 2.9 3.5 4.8 9.1 11.8 9.2 9.8outward 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9
Philippinesinward 3.9 8.5 7.4 8.2 12.2 14.7 15.0outward 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.8
Singaporeinward 52.9 73.6 83.1 78.7 124.0 132.2 137.5outward 31.7 24.8 21.3 42.0 58.1 76.4 79.1
Sri Lankainward 5.7 8.6 8.5 10.0 14.7 15.5 16.5outward .. - 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6
Taiwan Province of Chinainward 5.8 4.7 6.1 5.9 9.0 11.4 11.9outward 0.2 0.3 8.0 9.5 15.9 19.4 21.2
Thailandinward 3.0 5.1 9.6 10.4 20.3 25.3 23.9outward - - 0.5 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.1
Viet Naminward 0.2 1.1 4.0 28.5 48.2 48.4 50.2outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
The Pacificinward 22.5 24.8 29.2 27.1 41.2 44.5 44.5outward 0.3 1.0 1.7 6.0 8.0 10.8 10.9
Fijiinward 29.7 34.4 30.0 42.7 61.7 65.7 64.7outward 0.2 1.3 5.1 2.2 ..a ..a ..a
Kiribatiinward .. ..a 1.2 2.6 10.6 11.9 12.5outward .. .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Caledoniainward 2.4 4.1 3.0 3.0 4.8 4.6 4.5outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Papua New Guineainward 29.4 28.2 49.1 36.1 58.8 69.9 70.0outward 0.4 0.9 0.5 8.3 15.2 21.2 22.3
Samoainward 1.1 2.2 8.1 14.9 22.5 21.4 21.7outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
ANNEX B 287
Solomon Islandsinward 24.2 20.3 33.0 38.5 45.3 37.0 32.0outward .. .. ..a ..a - - -
Tongainward 0.2 0.4 0.8 4.9 13.3 14.5 16.6outward .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.8
Tuvaluinward .. .. .. 2.7 4.4 4.4 5.0outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Vanuatuinward 29.0 52.3 71.8 114.4 161.9 174.3 170.3outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Central and Eastern Europeinward .. 0.2 1.3 5.3 18.3 19.1 20.8outward .. .. 0.4 0.9 2.8 3.1 3.3
Albaniainward .. .. .. 8.3 15.2 18.8 21.0outward .. .. .. 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.8
Belarusinward .. .. .. 0.5 12.5 11.1 11.2outward .. .. .. - 0.1 - ..a
Bosnia and Herzegovinainward .. .. .. 1.1 8.6 10.4 15.8outward .. .. .. 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8
Bulgariainward .. .. 0.5 3.4 21.6 25.2 24.0outward .. .. .. 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8
Croatiainward .. .. .. 2.5 19.3 24.9 28.4outward .. .. .. 3.7 4.7 4.8 5.0
Czech Republicinward .. .. 3.9 14.1 42.1 47.4 54.8outward .. .. .. 0.7 1.4 2.0 2.1
Czechoslovakia (former)inward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Estoniainward .. .. .. 14.4 51.5 57.2 65.9outward .. .. .. 1.5 5.0 8.0 10.5
Hungaryinward .. 0.2 1.7 26.7 42.5 45.4 38.2outward .. .. 0.6 1.1 4.4 8.4 7.3
Latviainward .. .. .. 12.5 29.1 30.4 32.4outward .. .. .. 4.7 3.4 0.6 0.8
Lithuaniainward .. .. .. 5.8 20.9 22.2 31.4outward .. .. .. - 0.3 0.4 0.5
Moldova, Republic ofinward .. .. .. 6.5 34.6 40.5 45.0outward .. .. .. 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2
Polandinward .. .. 0.2 6.2 21.7 22.4 23.9outward .. .. 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romaniainward .. .. - 2.3 17.5 19.0 20.5outward .. .. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4
Russian Federationinward .. .. .. 1.6 6.9 6.5 6.5outward .. .. .. 0.9 4.8 4.8 5.2
Serbia and Montenegroinward .. .. .. 2.7 16.3 13.7 20.4outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
/...
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (continued)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives288
Slovakiainward .. .. 0.5 4.4 23.6 30.4 43.2outward .. .. .. 0.5 1.9 2.0 1.7
Sloveniainward .. .. 3.5 9.4 15.5 16.4 23.1outward .. .. 1.5 2.6 4.4 4.9 4.8
TFYR Macedoniainward .. .. .. 0.8 10.8 23.6 23.9outward .. .. .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ukraineinward .. .. .. 2.5 12.4 12.3 12.9outward .. .. .. 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4
Yugoslavia (former)inward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..outward .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Memoraudum
Least developed countries b
inward 3.1 4.1 4.9 9.9 19.6 21.8 23.4outward 0.6 2.6 1.1 1.9 2.6 2.5 2.5
Oil-exporting countries c
inward 1.9 10.0 12.4 14.9 19.2 19.6 20.2outward 0.4 0.7 2.6 2.2 2.8 3.2 3.6
All developing countries minus Chinainward 13.5 18.3 15.6 16.1 30.9 33.4 36.0outward #VALUE 4.4 4.3 6.3 15.1 15.1 16.1
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.a Negative stock value. Stock data are estimated by accumulation or subtraction of flows. However, this value is included in the regional
and global total.b Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan,Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.
c Oil-exporting countries include: Cameroon, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, IslamicRepublic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
Annex table B.6. Inward and outward FDI stocks as a percentage of gross domesticproduct, by region and economy, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (concluded)
(Percentage)
Region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002
ANNEX B 289A
nn
ex
ta
ble
B.7
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
A s
ale
s,
by
re
gio
n/e
co
no
my
of
se
lle
r, 1
98
8-2
00
2 (
Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
TOTA
L W
OR
LD11
5 62
314
0 38
915
0 57
680
713
79 2
8083
064
127
110
186
593
227
023
304
848
531
648
766
044
1 14
3 81
659
3 96
0 3
69 7
89
Dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s11
2 74
913
5 30
513
4 23
974
048
68 3
4967
622
110
632
163
950
187
616
232
085
443
200
679
481
1056
059
496
159
307
793
Wes
tern
Eur
ope
34 2
7448
949
67 3
7038
520
45 8
3140
598
57 2
6279
114
88 5
1212
1 54
819
4 39
137
0 71
861
0 64
722
8 99
520
0 74
5E
urop
ean
Uni
on31
012
47 3
5862
133
36 6
7644
761
38 5
3755
280
75 1
4381
895
114
591
187
853
357
311
586
521
212
960
193
942
Aus
tria
253
32
189
244
107
417
540
609
856
2 25
93
551
380
574
9 17
5 3
8B
elgi
um 7
93 8
054
469
814
493
2 20
11
026
1 71
08
469
5 94
56
865
24 9
847
318
6 89
75
449
Den
mar
k 2
18 2
25 4
96 2
72 9
9 5
90 5
70 1
99 4
59 5
663
802
4 61
59
122
2 46
12
014
Finl
and
80
229
51
463
209
391
550
1 72
61
199
735
4 78
03
144
6 89
6 4
908
206
Fran
ce3
018
3 33
88
183
2 62
39
150
8 49
716
290
7 53
313
575
17 7
5116
885
23 8
3435
018
14 4
2430
122
Ger
man
y1
300
4 30
16
220
3 40
75
521
2 28
54
468
7 49
611
924
11 8
5619
047
39 5
5524
6 99
048
641
46 6
05G
reec
e 2
2-
115
70
413
52
15
50
493
99
21
191
245
1 85
4 6
5Ir
elan
d 2
05 7
35 5
95 2
82 8
11
453
242
587
724
2 28
2 7
294
739
5 24
66
151
5 24
1Ita
ly3
095
3 00
32
165
3 86
53
672
3 75
46
909
4 10
22
764
3 36
24
480
11 2
3718
877
9 10
411
608
Luxe
mbo
urg
5-
531
82
- 2
54 3
80 2
80 5
063
492
35
7 36
04
210
2 68
12
952
Net
herla
nds
1 18
23
965
1 48
43
490
9 36
24
779
2 78
93
607
3 53
819
052
19 3
5939
010
33 6
5627
628
11 0
37P
ortu
gal
11
768
213
194
668
356
63
144
793
86
427
211
2 98
0 4
091
132
Spa
in 7
231
593
3 83
25
373
4 66
81
967
3 61
51
257
1 46
34
074
5 70
05
841
22 2
488
713
8 90
3S
wed
en 1
921
849
4 48
92
478
2 45
51
844
6 01
69
451
3 86
33
327
11 0
9359
676
13 1
125
774
7 61
4U
nite
d K
ingd
om19
917
26 5
1529
102
13 0
207
863
9 69
911
807
36 3
9231
271
39 7
0691
081
132
534
180
029
68 5
5852
958
Oth
er W
este
rn E
urop
e3
262
1 59
15
237
1 84
41
070
2 06
11
982
3 97
16
617
6 95
86
538
13 4
0724
126
16 0
356
802
And
orra
--
--
--
--
--
--
6-
-G
ibra
ltar
--
- 4
--
--
9-
- 8
16
2-
Gue
rnse
y-
--
--
--
--
--
26
88
157
136
Icel
and
--
- 1
--
--
4-
--
--
229
Jers
ey-
--
--
--
--
--
31
14
181
225
Liec
hten
stei
n-
--
--
--
--
- 9
--
--
Mal
ta-
--
--
--
--
- 3
250
--
134
Man
Isla
nd-
--
--
--
--
--
- 3
6 8
5 5
2M
onac
o 6
69 2
1-
--
--
8-
752
- 2
76 1
9 2
2 8
Nor
way
239
601
668
843
487
1 88
7 3
97 2
712
198
2 66
01
182
8 70
310
613
3 08
02
162
Sw
itzer
land
2 35
3 9
694
569
997
582
174
1 58
53
692
4 40
73
545
5 34
44
113
13 3
3412
508
3 85
6N
orth
Am
eric
a72
641
79 2
3360
427
31 8
8418
393
22 2
9149
093
64 8
0478
907
90 2
1722
5 98
027
5 88
440
1 42
922
6 79
889
549
Can
ada
8 73
710
412
5 73
13
658
2 55
42
313
4 36
411
567
10 8
398
510
16 4
3223
950
77 0
7941
918
16 3
17U
nite
d S
tate
s63
904
68 8
2154
697
28 2
2615
839
19 9
7844
730
53 2
3768
069
81 7
0720
9 54
825
1 93
432
4 35
018
4 88
073
233
Oth
er d
evel
oped
eco
nom
ies
5 83
47
123
6 44
23
644
4 12
54
732
4 27
720
032
20 1
9720
320
22 8
2932
879
43 9
8340
365
17 4
99A
ustr
alia
4 38
04
704
2 54
52
592
2 44
63
191
2 97
517
360
13 0
9914
794
14 7
3711
996
21 6
9916
879
10 6
53Is
rael
106
134
44
58
293
18
235
303
541
1 09
71
754
2 85
42
346
4 45
2 4
66Ja
pan
29
1 61
2 1
48 1
78 2
30 9
3 7
50 5
411
719
3 08
34
022
16 4
3115
541
15 1
835
689
New
Zea
land
1 32
0 6
743
704
815
1 15
71
430
317
1 82
84
839
1 34
62
316
1 59
84
397
3 85
1 6
92D
evel
opin
g ec
onom
ies
2 87
55
057
16 0
525
786
8 19
814
265
15 0
3016
493
35 7
2766
999
82 6
6874
030
70 6
1085
813
44 5
32A
fric
a -
1 03
9 4
85 4
7 3
881
806
342
840
1 80
54
346
2 60
73
117
3 19
915
524
4 68
4N
orth
Afr
ica
- 2
4-
1 1
39 2
42 1
00 1
0 2
11 6
80 4
56 9
14 9
562
916
598
Alg
eria
--
- 1
--
--
--
- 4
2 1
27-
-E
gypt
- 2
4-
- 1
31 1
77 1
7 1
0 1
71 1
02 4
8 7
38 5
28 6
60 3
35M
oroc
co-
--
--
64
83
- 4
0 5
78 5
123
-2
211
47
Sud
an-
--
- 8
--
--
--
--
- 2
5Tu
nisi
a-
--
--
--
--
- 4
02 1
1 3
01 4
5 1
91O
ther
Afr
ica
-1
015
485
46
249
1 56
5 2
41 8
301
595
3 66
62
151
2 20
32
243
12 6
084
086
Ang
ola
--
--
--
--
--
--
- 1
9- /..
.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives290A
nn
ex
ta
ble
B.7
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
A s
ale
s,
by
re
gio
n/e
co
no
my
of
se
lle
r, 1
98
8-2
00
2 (
co
nti
nu
ed
) (
Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Bot
swan
a-
--
--
--
4 1
1 4
--
--
78
Cam
eroo
n-
--
--
--
4 0
--
--
70
-C
ape
Verd
e-
--
--
--
--
--
83
--
-C
entr
al A
fric
an R
epub
lic-
--
--
4-
2 1
--
1-
--
Cha
d-
--
--
--
--
--
- 2
1-
-C
ongo
--
--
--
- 6
1 1
4-
--
--
-C
ôte
d’Iv
oire
--
--
--
- 2
3 1
5 1
94-
- 8
--
Dem
. Rep
. of t
he C
ongo
--
--
--
--
89
--
--
--
Equ
ator
ial G
uine
a-
--
--
--
--
--
--
- 9
93E
ritre
a-
--
--
--
--
--
27
--
-E
thio
pia
--
--
--
--
--
- 3
6-
--
Gab
on-
- 4
48-
--
--
- 3
9-
- 2
2-
-G
hana
--
--
--
1 4
48
52
- 3
8 4
1 5
0G
uine
a-
--
--
--
39
50
--
--
--
Ken
ya-
15
--
--
--
25
--
- 1
8 3
00-
Mad
agas
car
--
--
--
--
58
--
4-
--
Mal
awi
--
--
--
--
60
- 1
0-
- 1
4 6
Mal
i-
--
--
--
18
1-
--
132
- 2
Mau
ritan
ia-
--
--
--
--
--
--
48
-M
aurit
ius
--
--
--
--
- 1
0-
- 2
61 3
0-
Moz
ambi
que
--
--
--
40
14
11
- 1
3 1
- 1
0-
Nam
ibia
--
- 3
6-
--
--
3-
--
8-
Nig
eria
-1
000
--
--
--
--
12
18
15
1-
Rw
anda
--
--
--
--
--
- 2
- 2
-S
eneg
al-
--
--
--
--
107
- 6
6 6
--
Sie
rra
Leon
e-
--
--
34
--
--
--
- 1
3-
Sou
th A
fric
a-
--
10
211
1 50
6 1
87 6
401
106
2 66
41
932
1 90
21
171
11 9
162
933
Sw
azila
nd-
- 3
7-
--
--
- 3
87-
--
4-
Uga
nda
--
--
--
--
55
29
11
- 3
2-
20
Uni
ted
Rep
. of T
anza
nia
--
--
- 2
1 1
2 2
17
1 2
3-
415
120
1Za
mbi
a-
--
--
--
18
27
173
150
1 1
33 5
3-
Zim
babw
e-
--
- 3
8-
1 1
7 2
- 2
4 5
- 4
Lati
n A
mer
ica
and
the
Car
ibbe
an1
305
1 92
911
494
3 52
94
196
5 11
09
950
8 63
620
508
41 1
0363
923
41 9
6445
224
35 8
3722
433
Sou
th A
mer
ica
1 14
8 3
227
319
2 90
12
109
2 84
07
324
6 50
916
910
25 4
3946
834
39 0
3335
584
16 1
7412
395
Arg
entin
a 6
0 2
76
274
302
1 16
41
803
1 31
51
869
3 61
14
635
10 3
9619
407
5 27
35
431
1 20
7B
oliv
ia-
15
26
--
--
821
273
911
180
232
19
- 8
0B
razi
l 2
87 2
217
158
174
624
367
1 76
16
536
12 0
6429
376
9 35
723
013
7 00
35
897
Chi
le 3
8 2
60 4
34 3
38 5
17 2
76 8
91 7
172
044
2 42
71
595
8 36
12
929
2 83
03
783
Col
ombi
a 7
64-
341
49
31
81
248
67
2 39
92
516
1 78
0 3
021
589
170
830
Ecu
ador
--
--
49
- 4
4 3
5 1
05 2
7 7
9 2
14 1
53 6
70
Guy
ana
--
17
7-
--
--
1-
23
--
-P
arag
uay
--
--
--
--
27
2 1
1-
65
67
-P
eru
--
- 1
5 1
74 6
23
082
945
844
911
162
861
107
555
461
Sur
inam
e-
--
--
--
--
--
--
3-
Uru
guay
- 1
8-
--
5 4
0 1
9-
- 3
6-
27
36
56
Vene
zuel
a-
- 1
12
032
- 6
2 3
37 2
781
072
1 94
63
220
276
2 40
9 7
3 1
0O
ther
Lat
in A
mer
ica
and
Car
ibbe
an 1
571
607
4 17
6 6
282
088
2 27
02
627
2 12
73
598
15 6
6317
089
2 93
19
640
19 6
6310
038
Ant
igua
and
Bar
buda
--
--
--
--
--
24
- 5
13
-A
ruba
--
--
3-
--
- 2
3-
--
--
Bah
amas
83
27
120
210
915
79
214
2 1
04 3
2 2
8-
25
198
28
/...
ANNEX B 291
An
ne
x t
ab
le B
.7.
Cro
ss
-bo
rde
r M
&A
sa
les
, b
y r
eg
ion
/ec
on
om
y o
f s
ell
er,
19
88
-20
02
(c
on
tin
ue
d)
(M
illio
ns
of
do
llars
)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Bar
bado
s-
--
189
--
4 6
64
--
--
1 8
14B
eliz
e-
--
--
--
--
- 6
2-
3 6
2-
Ber
mud
a-
214
1 29
6 5
0 4
52
50
251
1 27
75
601
11 6
35 9
243
596
683
241
Brit
ish
Virg
in Is
land
s-
- 1
43 6
--
89
412
254
19
4 1
3 2
84 3
4 2
30C
aym
an Is
land
s 5
374
170
138
41
--
- 2
45-
- 1
22 5
4 8
-C
osta
Ric
a-
64
3-
- 1
17
96
27
28
2 7
1 2
1-
229
Cub
a-
--
--
--
299
- 3
00 3
8-
477
8-
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lic-
--
--
--
- 4
6-
28
673
464
--
El S
alva
dor
--
--
--
- 4
0-
41
978
--
168
-G
rena
da-
--
--
--
--
5-
--
--
Gua
tem
ala
--
3 3
- 2
9-
- 2
6 3
0 5
82 1
01 1
3 1
21-
Hai
ti-
--
--
--
--
- 2
--
--
Hon
dura
s-
--
5-
- 1
--
- 3
67-
314
537
-Ja
mai
ca-
- 1
08-
- 6
2 2
62 -
12
- 3
4-
- 5
25 2
14M
exic
o 5
4 3
952
326
10
961
1 86
41
913
719
1 42
87
927
3 00
1 8
593
965
17 0
177
137
Net
herla
nds
Ant
illes
- 5
33 8
--
- 2
291
--
86
--
89
301
Nic
arag
ua-
--
--
--
- 2
3 4
2-
11
115
83
53
Pan
ama
15
--
--
6 7
3 9
14
652
216
151
130
8 4
99S
aint
Kitt
s an
d N
evis
--
--
--
--
78
--
--
--
Pue
rto
Ric
o-
--
- 1
42-
--
--
- 6
174
108
250
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
--
- 1
7 2
2 1
77 2
--
205
--
--
40
Wes
t Ind
ies
--
--
--
--
- 7
60-
--
--
Asi
a1
569
2 08
94
073
2 18
23
614
7 34
74
701
6 95
013
368
21 2
9316
097
28 8
3922
182
34 4
5217
387
Wes
t Asi
a 5
9 6
0 1
13 1
31 2
03 7
1 4
9 2
22 4
03 3
68 8
2 3
35 9
701
323
458
Abu
Dha
bi-
--
- 5
8-
--
--
--
--
-B
ahra
in-
--
--
4-
--
--
36
161
2-
Cyp
rus
--
--
--
--
--
--
- 4
3-
Jord
an-
--
--
--
26
--
--
567
20
-K
uwai
t-
--
--
6-
--
--
--
163
-Le
bano
n-
--
--
--
--
168
11
- 5
4-
-O
man
--
- 7
8-
15
--
7-
- 2
8-
- 4
Qat
ar-
--
43
- 1
2-
--
--
--
--
Sau
di A
rabi
a-
2-
- 2
4-
- 8
26
--
- 2
--
Syr
ian
Ara
b R
epub
lic-
--
--
--
--
--
3-
--
Tur
key
59
58
113
9 1
16 3
5 4
9 1
88 3
70 1
44 7
1 6
8 1
821
019
427
Uni
ted
Ara
b E
mira
tes
--
--
--
--
- 5
6-
200
4 7
6 9
Yem
en-
--
- 5
--
--
--
--
--
Cen
tral
Asi
a-
--
--
9-
450
3 22
12
340
174
73
107
15
122
Arm
enia
--
--
--
--
--
173
29
--
52
Aze
rbai
jan
--
--
--
--
1-
--
36
- 5
2G
eorg
ia-
--
--
--
--
3 1
40
1-
-K
azak
hsta
n-
--
--
--
450
3 21
62
337
--
70
13
1U
zbek
ista
n-
--
--
9-
- 4
--
4-
2 1
1S
outh
, Eas
t an
d S
outh
-Eas
t Asi
a1
510
2 02
93
960
2 05
13
411
7 26
74
652
6 27
89
745
18 5
8615
842
28 4
3121
105
33 1
1416
807
Ban
glad
esh
--
--
--
--
--
33
--
--
Bru
nei D
arus
sala
m-
--
--
2-
--
--
--
--
Cam
bodi
a-
--
--
--
--
1-
--
--
Chi
na-
- 8
125
221
561
715
403
1 90
61
856
798
2 39
52
247
2 32
52
072 /..
.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives292A
nn
ex
ta
ble
B.7
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
A s
ale
s,
by
re
gio
n/e
co
no
my
of
se
lle
r, 1
98
8-2
00
2 (
co
nc
lud
ed
) (
Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Hon
g K
ong,
Chi
na1
046
826
2 62
0 5
681
674
5 30
81
602
1 70
33
267
7 33
0 9
384
181
4 79
310
362
1 86
5In
dia
--
5-
35
96
385
276
206
1 52
0 3
611
044
1 21
91
037
1 69
8In
done
sia
100
150
- 1
49 2
33 1
69 2
06 8
09 5
30 3
32 6
831
164
819
3 52
92
790
Kor
ea, D
emoc
ratic
Peo
ple’
s R
epub
lic o
f-
--
--
--
--
--
2-
- 9
0K
orea
, Rep
ublic
of
- 6
8-
673
- 2
1 1
92 5
64 8
363
973
10 0
626
448
3 64
85
375
Lao
Peo
ple’
s D
em. R
ep.
--
--
- 1
0-
--
--
--
269
266
Mac
ao, C
hina
--
- 2
9-
--
--
--
--
- 1
09M
alay
sia
20
701
86
128
46
518
443
98
768
351
1 09
61
166
441
1 44
9 4
85M
ongo
lia-
--
--
- 1
--
--
1-
--
Mya
nmar
--
--
- 1
0-
9-
260
--
--
-N
epal
--
--
- 2
- 1
3-
--
--
--
Pak
ista
n-
- 1
- 2
2 5
--
1 12
4 8
02
259
6 6
107
222
Phi
lippi
nes
45
161
15
63
404
136
828
1 20
8 4
624
157
1 90
51
523
366
2 06
3 5
44S
inga
pore
262
114
1 14
3 2
37 2
76 3
62 3
551
238
593
294
468
2 95
81
532
4 87
1 5
56S
ri La
nka
--
1-
- 3
0 1
0 1
26 3
5 2
75 9
6 2
2 2
- 3
Taiw
an P
rovi
nce
of C
hina
38
9 1
1-
3 1
6 1
6 4
2 5
0 6
01 2
41
837
644
2 49
3 4
80Th
aila
nd-
- 7
0 7
9 4
98 4
2 8
9 1
61 2
34 6
333
209
2 01
12
569
957
247
Vie
t Nam
--
--
--
2 1
6 6
3-
59
19
4 6
The
Pac
ific
--
- 2
8-
2 3
7 6
7 4
6 2
57 4
1 1
10 5
- 2
8C
ook
Isla
nds
--
--
--
--
--
--
1-
-Fi
ji-
--
--
--
- 5
--
4-
--
Fren
ch P
olyn
esia
--
--
--
--
2-
--
--
-M
arsh
all I
slan
ds-
--
--
--
16
--
--
--
-P
apua
New
Gui
nea
--
- 2
8-
2 3
6 5
1 3
9 2
57 4
1 1
06-
- 2
8S
olom
on Is
land
s-
--
--
- 1
--
--
--
--
Vanu
atu
--
--
--
--
--
--
4-
-C
entr
al a
nd E
aste
rn E
urop
e-
27
285
880
2 73
31
178
1 41
96
050
3 67
95
764
5 11
610
371
17 1
4711
988
17 4
63A
lban
ia-
--
--
--
1-
--
4 1
6-
-B
osni
a an
d H
erze
govi
na-
--
--
--
--
--
- 4
5 2
5 1
9B
ulga
ria-
--
--
20
90
32
71
497
61
1 13
3 5
82 1
1 1
38C
roat
ia-
--
- 4
3 2
3 4
5 9
4 4
8 6
1 1
61
164
146
676
875
Cze
ch R
epub
lic-
--
--
226
408
2 36
6 5
07 6
71 3
622
402
1 92
41
968
5 20
4Fo
rmer
Cze
chos
lova
kia
--
- 4
77 7
80-
--
--
--
--
-E
ston
ia-
--
--
--
28
23
64
149
114
131
88
15
Hun
gary
- 2
4 2
26 2
67 3
92 3
82 1
392
106
1 59
4 2
98 6
12 5
371
117
1 37
01
278
Latv
ia-
--
--
- 3
23
57
63
11
20
342
39
4Li
thua
nia
--
--
--
9-
- 1
2 6
32 4
27 1
73 1
93 2
25M
aced
onia
, TFY
R o
f-
--
--
--
--
--
45
34
328
5M
oldo
va, R
epub
lic o
f-
--
--
--
--
2-
- 2
7-
-P
olan
d-
4-
74
1 39
6 1
97 3
57 9
83 9
93 8
081
789
3 70
79
316
3 49
33
131
Rom
ania
--
--
--
181
229
94
391
1 28
4 4
47 5
36 6
6 1
24R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n-
- 5
9-
33
309
63
100
95
2 68
1 1
47 1
80 7
582
039
1 25
2S
erbi
a an
d M
onte
negr
o-
--
--
--
--
45
--
- 2
268
Slo
vaki
a-
--
--
21
83
4 1
38 3
8 5
4 4
11
849
1 19
43
350
Slo
veni
a-
--
--
- 4
1 1
8 3
0 1
33-
14
- 3
811
502
Ukr
aine
--
--
--
- 6
6 3
0 1
- 1
36 1
51 1
16 7
4Yu
gosl
avia
(fo
rmer
)-
--
62
88
--
--
--
--
--
Mul
tina
tion
ala
--
--
--
30
100
--
665
2 16
2-
--
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D,
cro
ss-b
ord
er
M&
A d
ata
ba
se.
aIn
volv
ing
se
llers
in m
ore
th
an
tw
o e
con
om
ies.
No
te:
Th
e d
ata
co
ver
the
de
als
invo
lvin
g t
he
acq
uis
itio
n o
f a
n e
qu
ity s
take
of
mo
re t
ha
n 1
0 p
er
cen
t.
ANNEX B 293
An
ne
x t
ab
le B
.8.
Cro
ss
-bo
rde
r M
&A
pu
rch
as
es
, b
y r
eg
ion
/ec
on
om
y o
f p
urc
ha
se
r, 1
98
8-2
00
2(M
illio
ns
of
do
llars
)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
TOTA
L W
OR
LD11
5 62
314
0 38
915
0 57
680
713
79 2
8083
064
127
110
186
593
227
023
304
848
531
648
766
044
1 14
3 81
659
3 96
036
9 78
9D
evel
oped
eco
nom
ies
113
389
135
781
143
070
77 4
3572
995
72 1
5311
2 40
117
3 13
919
6 73
526
9 27
550
8 91
670
0 80
810
87 6
3853
4 15
134
1 11
6W
este
rn E
urop
e49
690
74 2
6592
567
42 4
7349
753
43 0
1675
943
92 5
3911
0 62
815
4 03
532
4 65
853
9 24
685
2 73
534
8 73
823
0 85
2E
urop
ean
Uni
on40
141
71 3
6586
525
39 6
7644
391
40 5
3163
857
81 4
1796
674
142
108
284
373
517
155
801
746
327
252
213
860
Aus
tria
- 2
1 2
36 2
08 6
2 1
69 2
3 1
57 4
242
302
1 77
12
254
1 17
11
848
Bel
gium
188
309
813
222
625
181
3 10
74
611
3 02
92
053
2 22
513
357
16 3
3416
951
5 47
4D
enm
ark
63
261
767
573
258
372
172
152
638
1 49
21
250
5 65
44
590
4 16
32
012
Finl
and
172
979
1 13
6 5
68 8
98
417
471
1 46
41
847
7 33
32
236
20 1
927
573
5 30
4Fr
ance
5 48
617
594
21 8
2810
380
12 3
896
596
6 71
78
939
14 7
5521
153
30 9
2688
656
168
710
59 1
6933
865
Ger
man
y1
857
3 46
86
795
6 89
44
409
4 41
27
608
18 5
0917
984
13 1
9066
728
85 5
3058
671
57 0
1145
110
Gre
ece
- 1
00 3
16
19
127
21
- 2
2 01
81
439
287
3 93
71
267
139
Irel
and
548
1 17
4 7
30 3
90 3
58 4
571
447
1 16
62
265
1 82
63
196
4 19
85
575
2 06
34
027
Italy
1 37
31
961
5 31
4 8
165
167
816
1 62
24
689
1 62
74
196
15 2
0012
801
16 9
3211
135
8 24
2Lu
xem
bour
g 8
0-
734
1 02
3 4
151
555
244
51
1 03
7 9
73 8
912
847
6 04
04
537
3 68
3N
ethe
rland
s2
350
3 29
25
619
4 25
15
304
2 84
88
714
6 81
112
148
18 4
7224
280
48 9
0952
430
31 1
6014
947
Por
tuga
l-
14
17
181
502
14
144
329
96
612
4 52
21
434
2 65
7 6
681
481
Spa
in 5
821
318
4 08
72
773
983
1 05
33
828
460
3 45
88
038
15 0
3125
452
39 4
4311
253
6 27
6S
wed
en3
104
2 64
512
572
2 88
21
813
1 92
33
118
5 43
22
058
7 62
515
952
9 91
421
559
7 36
512
231
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
24 3
3938
229
25 8
738
501
12 0
8019
911
26 6
7529
641
36 1
0958
371
95 0
9921
4 10
938
2 42
211
1 76
469
220
Oth
er W
este
rn E
urop
e9
549
2 90
06
043
2 79
75
362
2 48
512
086
11 1
2213
954
11 9
2840
285
22 0
9150
989
21 4
8616
992
Gib
ralta
r-
--
3-
--
--
--
- 1
8-
-Ic
elan
d-
--
- 7
--
--
--
- 4
9 1
60 3
58Je
rsey
--
--
--
--
--
- 6
- 7
30 2
36Li
echt
enst
ein
--
160
--
- 6
2 1
0-
142
- 8
--
-M
alta
--
--
- 7
--
--
- 4
- 4
3-
Man
Isla
nd-
--
--
--
--
--
--
50
-M
onac
o-
--
35
113
- 4
--
--
- 3
18 1
02-
Nor
way
19
126
1 38
01
301
270
143
643
1 27
63
956
1 21
21
170
1 38
27
376
1 51
06
823
Sw
itzer
land
9 5
302
774
4 50
31
458
4 97
32
336
11 3
789
836
9 99
810
574
39 1
1520
691
43 2
2818
892
9 57
5N
orth
Am
eric
a38
577
47 8
6230
766
20 7
0217
190
25 5
3433
610
69 8
3369
501
99 7
0917
3 03
913
8 88
119
8 91
513
5 01
991
419
Can
ada
14 3
979
002
3 13
94
106
2 15
54
129
5 07
912
491
8 75
718
840
35 6
1818
571
39 6
4638
980
12 9
90U
nite
d S
tate
s24
181
38 8
6027
627
16 5
9615
035
21 4
0528
531
57 3
4360
744
80 8
6913
7 42
112
0 31
015
9 26
996
039
78 4
29 O
ther
dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s25
122
13 6
5519
736
14 2
606
052
3 60
32
848
10 7
6716
606
15 5
3111
219
22 6
8135
988
50 3
9518
845
Aus
tral
ia9
355
5 56
13
806
1 47
2 6
761
852
1 60
26
145
9 28
311
745
8 14
710
138
10 8
5632
506
8 79
9Is
rael
--
28
28
61
393
143
106
484
254
791
605
2 36
1 7
81 5
44Ja
pan
13 5
147
525
14 0
4811
877
4 39
21
106
1 05
83
943
5 66
02
747
1 28
410
517
20 8
5816
131
8 66
1N
ew Z
eala
nd 2
253
569
1 85
4 8
83 9
23 2
52 4
4 5
731
180
785
997
1 42
11
913
976
840
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s2
204
3 99
57
181
3 25
86
264
10 7
8414
360
13 3
7229
646
35 2
1021
717
63 4
0648
496
55 7
1927
585
Afr
ica
24
5 1
46 4
301
746
406
4 22
1 6
452
148
2 80
02
678
5 76
26
659
3 04
11
999
Nor
th A
fric
a-
--
- 3
09 5
4 9
11
8-
3 4
0 2
13 1
17 5
Egy
pt-
--
--
18
--
--
- 7
213
--
Liby
an A
rab
Jam
ahiri
ya-
--
- 3
09-
5-
--
3-
- 4
5-
Mor
occo
--
--
- 3
6 4
- 8
--
10
- 7
2-
Tuni
sia
--
--
--
- 1
1-
--
23
--
5O
ther
Afr
ica
24
5 1
46 4
301
436
352
4 21
2 6
342
140
2 80
02
675
5 72
26
446
2 92
41
994
Bot
swan
a-
--
--
--
4-
--
--
--
Cen
tral
Afr
ican
Rep
ublic
--
--
--
--
63
--
--
--
Gab
on-
--
229
--
--
--
--
--
-G
hana
--
--
--
- 3
5 5
06-
137
- 4
--
Ken
ya -
--
--
--
--
--
- 3
9- /..
.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives294A
nn
ex
ta
ble
B.8
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
A p
urc
ha
se
s,
by
re
gio
n/e
co
no
my
of
pu
rch
as
er,
19
88
-20
08
(c
on
tin
ue
d)
(Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Libe
ria-
--
--
--
- 1
5-
--
--
-M
aurit
ius
--
--
--
--
4 3
4 7
7-
4 4
0N
amib
ia-
--
--
--
- 1
1-
--
- 8
-N
iger
ia-
--
--
--
2-
--
--
6-
Sou
th A
fric
a 2
4 5
146
201
1 43
6 3
524
196
593
1 52
22
766
2 51
45
715
6 39
32
594
1 94
7U
nite
d R
epub
lic o
f Tan
zani
a-
--
--
--
--
--
- 3
--
Uga
nda
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-Za
mbi
a-
--
--
--
- 1
5-
--
43
--
Zim
babw
e-
--
--
- 1
6-
4-
16
--
304
7La
tin
Am
eric
a an
d th
e C
arib
bean
100
992
1 59
7 3
871
895
2 50
73
653
3 95
18
354
10 7
2012
640
44 7
6718
614
27 3
8011
701
Sou
th A
mer
ica
10
91
130
269
594
1 79
5 6
823
405
5 93
96
038
9 51
03
874
2 19
13
411
3 64
3A
rgen
tina
--
10
181
- 7
1 6
21
984
321
1 17
03
545
1 31
3 6
75 3
43 4
Bol
ivia
--
--
--
--
0-
--
--
4B
razi
l 2
2-
45
63
439
158
379
1 16
72
357
3 51
71
908
429
2 77
41
302
Chi
le-
--
- 4
43 8
28 2
93 7
943
827
1 49
7 5
91 3
22 5
07 1
331
744
Col
ombi
a-
--
--
11
10
91
272
157
436
102
203
1953
0E
cuad
or-
--
--
- 2
2 5
0 4
5-
--
--
-P
eru
--
--
--
7 6
2 2
37 4
4 4
7 2
20 6
228
59S
urin
ame
--
- 2
--
--
--
--
--
-U
rugu
ay-
--
- 8
- 1
20 3
--
25
- 1
--
Vene
zuel
a 7
89
120
41
80
446
10
42
71
813
1 34
8 9
314
115
-O
ther
Lat
in A
mer
ica
and
Car
ibbe
an 9
1 9
011
467
118
1 30
0 7
122
971
546
2 41
54
682
3 13
040
893
16 4
2323
969
8 05
9B
aham
as 8
3-
1-
17
- 9
142
344
23
51
459
-74
844
Bar
bado
s-
--
--
--
--
15
2-
49
- 6
71B
eliz
e-
--
--
55
1 2
5-
- 6
3 3
18-
13-
Ber
mud
a-
24
483
115
130
112
189
17
703
1 18
92
139
35 1
5111
492
20 7
921
750
Cay
man
Isla
nds
--
--
- 2
4 5
30-
207
99
99
77
24
1 53
983
Cos
ta R
ica
--
--
--
- 2
7 3
--
--
-C
uba
--
--
--
8-
--
--
--
-D
omin
ican
Rep
ublic
--
--
--
--
--
- 1
09-
8-
El S
alva
dor
--
--
--
--
--
--
1-
-G
uate
mal
a-
--
--
--
--
48
--
--
-Ja
mai
ca-
- 1
6-
10
--
4-
--
--
--
Mex
ico
- 8
37 6
80 3
888
309
2 19
0 1
96 8
673
154
673
2 21
64
231
363
4 66
4N
ethe
rland
s A
ntill
es 8
16
288
- 1
1 3
3-
99
7 7
- 3
08 2
--
Pan
ama
--
--
--
--
17
89
100
2 21
5 5
3324
9P
uert
o R
ico
--
--
--
--
--
--
125
-13
3Tr
inid
ad a
nd T
obag
o-
24
--
245
175
--
--
5-
5-
-V
irgin
Isla
nds
(Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
)-
--
--
4 4
4 6
2 2
60 5
6-
40
489
473
464
Asi
a2
080
2 99
85
438
2 44
12
624
7 84
36
486
8 75
519
136
21 6
906
399
12 8
7322
895
25 2
9813
852
Wes
t Asi
a 1
24 2
532
112
113
105
1 01
31
199
1 69
71
589
3 79
7 3
991
538
1 75
045
43
074
Abu
Dha
bi-
- 5
28-
--
--
--
--
--
201
Bah
rain
- 1
681
537
--
811
300
--
1 47
2 4
5 5
63 7
927
464
6C
ypru
s-
--
--
--
- 4
11
881
- 7
3 1
532
36Ir
an, I
slam
ic R
epub
lic o
f-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Jord
an-
--
--
--
--
--
- 2
2-
-K
uwai
t -
83
- 1
12-
--
4 6
48-
- 1
19 3
210
511
4Le
bano
n-
--
--
21
- 3
0 5
8-
--
--
Om
an-
--
--
--
--
8 5
5-
--
9Q
atar
--
--
--
--
42
--
- 2
--
Sau
di A
rabi
a-
--
- 1
00 1
82 6
301
671
350
334
217
31
550
392
020
/...
ANNEX B 295
An
ne
x t
ab
le B
.8.
Cro
ss
-bo
rde
r M
&A
pu
rch
as
es
, b
y r
eg
ion
/ec
on
om
y o
f p
urc
ha
se
r, 1
98
8-2
00
8 (
co
nc
lud
ed
)(M
illio
ns
of
do
llars
)
Reg
ion/
econ
omy
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Turk
ey-
2-
--
- 1
1 1
9 3
56 4
3 4
88
48
-38
Uni
ted
Ara
b E
mira
tes
124
- 4
8 1
--
257
- 1
53 2
77
655
24
10Ye
men
--
--
5-
--
--
- 3
7-
--
Cen
tral
Asi
a-
--
--
--
450
--
--
6-
-K
azak
hsta
n-
--
--
--
450
--
--
6-
-S
outh
, Eas
t an
d S
outh
-Eas
t A
sia
1 95
62
745
3 32
52
329
2 51
86
830
5 28
76
608
17 5
4717
893
6 00
111
335
21 1
3924
844
10 7
78A
fgha
nist
an-
--
- 1
3-
--
--
--
--
-B
angl
ades
h-
--
--
--
12
--
--
--
-B
rune
i Dar
ussa
lam
--
--
- 2
02-
31
189
--
--
--
Chi
na 1
7 2
02 6
0 3
573
485
307
249
451
799
1 27
6 1
01 4
7045
21
047
Hon
g K
ong,
Chi
na1
649
773
1 19
81
342
1 26
34
113
2 26
72
299
2 91
28
402
2 20
12
321
5 76
83
012
5 06
2In
dia
22
11
- 1
3 2
19 1
09 2
9 8
01
287
11
126
910
2 19
527
0In
done
sia
260
- 4
9 3
16
50
32
163
218
676
39
243
1 44
5-
197
Kor
ea, D
em. P
eopl
e’s
Rep
ublic
of
--
--
--
--
--
--
2-
-K
orea
, Rep
ublic
of
- 2
35 3
3 1
87 7
2 7
4 5
001
392
1 65
92
379
187
1 09
71
712
175
98M
alay
sia
- 2
7 1
44 1
49 1
48 7
74 8
121
122
9 63
5 8
941
059
1 37
7 7
611
375
930
Mac
ao, C
hina
--
--
--
--
--
- 4
50-
--
Phi
lippi
nes
--
- 1
4-
25
42
153
190
54
1 3
30 7
525
42
Pak
ista
n-
--
--
--
--
--
- 6
463
Sin
gapo
re 8
764
438
570
294
849
1 17
4 8
922
018
2 88
8 5
304
720
8 84
716
516
2 94
6S
ri La
nka
--
--
--
2-
--
26
8-
-3
Taiw
an P
rovi
nce
of C
hina
- 4
641
385
- 1
31-
30
122
4 4
33 6
28 4
081
138
161
74Th
aila
nd-
269
18
59
1 3
8 1
2 1
44 1
80 5
5 4
3 1
54 5
699
87V
iet N
am-
--
- 6
- 1
- 1
1 2
7-
--
--
The
Pac
ific
--
--
- 2
8-
22
8-
- 4
328
-33
Fiji
--
--
--
--
--
- 4
--
-N
auru
--
--
- 2
8-
--
--
--
--
Pap
ua N
ew G
uine
a-
--
--
--
13
8-
--
328
-28
Vanu
atu
--
--
--
- 9
--
--
--
-C
entr
al a
nd E
aste
rn E
urop
e -
6-
14
22
113
329
59
504
275
1 00
81
549
1 69
42
225
1 08
7B
ulga
ria-
--
--
--
- 3
60
- 7
97 8
-8
Cro
atia
--
--
--
--
1 1
00 1
3 2
243
42C
zech
Rep
ublic
- 6
--
- 1
9 5
1 4
8 1
76 6
0 1
42 1
3 7
75-
30Fo
rmer
Cze
chos
lova
kia
--
--
4-
--
--
--
--
-E
ston
ia-
--
--
- 2
2-
15
1 1
2 5
241
-H
unga
ry-
--
--
62
- 2
- 6
64
118
379
1331
242
Latv
ia-
--
--
18
--
--
--
--
-Li
thua
nia
--
--
--
--
--
- 1
--
-M
aced
onia
, TFY
R o
f-
--
--
--
- 2
--
--
-16
Pol
and
--
- 1
4-
8 1
1 8
23
45
465
132
118
324
58R
oman
ia-
--
--
--
--
0-
--
1019
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
--
--
18
6 2
45-
242
2 3
01 5
2 2
2537
160
6S
lova
kia
--
--
--
1 2
42
1-
424
24
914
Slo
veni
a-
--
--
--
--
--
4 1
014
63U
krai
ne-
--
--
--
--
- 2
3-
130
1-
Uns
peci
fied
30
606
325
4-
- 1
0-
- 4
--
7-
-M
ulti
nati
onal
a-
--
3-
14
10
23
139
83
8 2
815
982
1 86
4-
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D,
cro
ss-b
ord
er
M&
A d
ata
ba
se.
aIn
volv
ing
pu
rch
ase
rs f
rom
mo
re t
ha
n t
wo
eco
no
mie
s.N
ote
:T
he
da
ta c
ove
r th
e d
ea
ls i
nvo
lvin
g t
he
acq
uis
itio
n o
f a
n e
qu
ity
sta
ke o
f m
ore
th
an
10
pe
r ce
nt.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives296A
nn
ex
ta
ble
B.9
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
As
, b
y s
ec
tor
an
d i
nd
us
try
of
se
lle
r,
19
88
-20
02
(Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs)
Sec
tor/
indu
stry
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Tota
l11
5 62
314
0 38
915
0 57
680
713
79 2
8083
064
127
110
186
593
227
023
304
848
531
648
766
044
1 14
3 81
659
3 96
036
9 78
9
Pri
mar
y3
911
1 94
15
170
1 16
43
637
4 20
15
517
8 49
97
935
8 72
510
599
10 0
009
815
28 2
8012
751
Agr
icul
ture
, hun
ting,
fore
stry
and
fish
ing
1 80
9 2
25 2
21 5
48 3
01 4
06 9
501
019
498
2 09
86
673
656
1 11
0 3
16 2
65M
inin
g, q
uarr
ying
and
pet
role
um2
102
1 71
74
949
617
3 33
63
795
4 56
87
480
7 43
76
628
3 92
69
344
8 70
527
964
12 4
86
Man
ufac
turi
ng73
727
89 5
9675
495
36 1
7643
222
43 2
0469
321
84 4
6288
522
121
379
263
206
288
090
291
654
197
174
137
414
Food
, bev
erag
es a
nd to
bacc
o14
462
8 71
912
676
5 12
79
398
7 75
113
528
18 1
086
558
22 0
5317
001
28 2
4250
247
34 6
2832
072
Text
iles,
clo
thin
g an
d le
athe
r 8
121
720
1 28
1 7
31 7
601
173
1 43
12
039
849
1 73
21
632
5 27
62
526
3 51
0 9
15W
ood
and
woo
d pr
oduc
ts1
793
9 17
67
765
2 71
41
588
2 03
14
262
4 85
55
725
6 85
47
237
9 45
623
562
13 8
787
325
Pub
lishi
ng, p
rintin
g, a
nd r
epro
duct
ion
o
f rec
orde
d m
edia
11 7
416
544
2 30
5 3
535
192
1 18
32
747
1 34
110
853
2 60
712
798
10 2
484
875
16 7
672
986
Cok
e, p
etro
leum
and
nuc
lear
fuel
17 8
689
151
6 48
05
676
1 59
61
479
4 21
65
644
13 9
6511
315
67 2
8022
637
45 0
1531
167
33 0
18C
hem
ical
s an
d ch
emic
al p
rodu
cts
5 00
818
368
12 2
755
773
5 58
111
393
20 0
6126
984
15 4
3035
395
31 8
0686
389
30 4
4626
462
20 3
70R
ubbe
r an
d pl
astic
pro
duct
s3
620
1 38
72
745
574
228
265
997
4 31
33
943
2 30
62
264
3 78
64
723
2 40
62
257
Non
-met
allic
min
eral
pro
duct
s2
452
3 88
75
630
1 11
35
410
2 20
45
201
2 72
62
840
6 15
38
100
12 1
2911
663
8 35
93
183
Met
al a
nd m
etal
pro
duct
s1
606
6 39
94
426
2 24
62
534
2 25
22
743
2 51
58
728
9 85
38
376
10 8
2516
782
12 8
9010
034
Mac
hine
ry a
nd e
quip
men
t2
878
2 07
81
750
1 14
01
087
1 66
13
312
5 10
34
301
7 54
68
918
20 8
508
980
4 07
32
564
Ele
ctric
al a
nd e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent
6 99
812
771
6 11
48
361
6 19
83
895
3 43
25
581
7 57
37
897
35 8
1951
770
53 8
5925
732
8 55
6P
reci
sion
inst
rum
ents
3 59
62
626
3 99
21
112
1 08
04
495
1 88
22
023
3 30
03
322
9 25
17
269
13 5
1810
375
5 06
4M
otor
veh
icle
s an
d ot
her
tran
spor
t
equi
pmen
t 8
895
215
7 39
0 9
952
211
2 74
34
988
2 65
74
150
4 18
950
767
18 5
1725
272
5 66
28
590
Oth
er m
anuf
actu
ring
41
556
666
261
360
680
522
575
308
158
1 95
8 6
96 1
861
266
479
Tert
iary
37 9
8648
851
69 9
1143
297
32 3
8435
649
52 2
7093
632
130
232
174
744
257
843
467
853
842
342
368
506
219
623
Ele
ctric
ity, g
as, a
nd w
ater
116
1 02
8 6
091
072
1 84
71
783
2 51
012
240
21 2
7429
620
32 2
4940
843
46 7
1121
047
61 5
72C
onst
ruct
ion
295
813
533
279
651
331
838
1 73
84
410
602
1 43
43
205
5 17
02
167
1 46
5Tr
ade
10 0
1312
377
9 09
57
904
5 70
37
537
8 75
310
159
27 9
2821
664
27 3
3255
463
34 9
1827
668
17 8
13H
otel
s an
d re
stau
rant
s6
829
3 31
67
263
1 29
31
408
1 41
22
335
3 24
72
416
4 44
510
332
4 83
62
883
6 16
92
758
Tran
spor
t, st
orag
e an
d co
mm
unic
atio
ns2
182
3 57
814
460
3 75
73
035
6 55
913
540
8 22
517
523
17 7
3651
445
167
723
365
673
121
490
30 8
24Fi
nanc
e14
471
14 6
1621
722
14 1
8813
178
12 1
6810
568
31 0
5936
693
50 8
3683
432
126
710
183
665
122
005
41 9
03B
usin
ess
serv
ices
3 00
95
264
11 8
315
100
3 80
83
664
8 40
69
715
13 1
5426
480
42 4
9752
748
137
416
54 3
1947
248
Pub
lic a
dmin
istr
atio
n an
d de
fenc
e-
--
--
--
605
- 1
11 3
951
769
8 3
29 7
6E
duca
tion
- 7
5 3
3-
421
18
- 4
179
42
66
219
438
7H
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
86
460
469
84
237
261
2 46
3 9
46 3
363
396
641
724
751
1 87
5 7
81C
omm
unity
, soc
ial a
nd p
erso
nal
se
rvic
e ac
tiviti
es 9
847
363
3 85
89
554
2 47
41
404
2 31
912
110
6 49
419
656
7 97
613
724
64 8
5510
862
15 1
69O
ther
ser
vice
s 3
30
66
33
44
110
520
3 58
8-
19
69
42
73
136
7
Unk
now
na-
--
76
37
10
1-
334
--
101
5-
-
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D,
cro
ss-b
ord
er
M&
A d
ata
ba
se.
aIn
clu
de
s n
on
-cla
ssifi
ed
est
ab
lish
me
nts
.
No
te:
Th
e d
ata
co
ver
the
de
als
invo
lvin
g t
he
acq
uis
itio
n o
f a
n e
qu
ity s
take
of
mo
re t
ha
n 1
0 p
er
cen
t.
ANNEX B 297
An
ne
x t
ab
le B
.10
. C
ros
s-b
ord
er
M&
As
, b
y s
ec
tor
an
d i
nd
us
try
of
pu
rch
as
er,
19
88
-20
02
(Mill
ion
s o
f d
olla
rs)
Sec
tor/
indu
stry
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Tota
l11
5 62
314
0 38
915
0 57
680
713
79 2
8083
064
127
110
186
593
227
023
304
848
531
648
766
044
1 14
3 81
659
3 96
036
9 78
9
Pri
mar
y4
398
2 97
62
131
1 55
62
978
4 15
55
032
7 95
15
684
7 15
05
455
7 39
78
968
6 53
79
309
Agr
icul
ture
, hun
ting,
fore
stry
and
fish
ing
2 07
81
466
47
471
204
65
154
182
962
1 54
11
497
241
1 47
2 7
84 3
7M
inin
g, q
uarr
ying
and
pet
role
um 2
320
1 51
12
084
1 08
52
775
4 09
04
878
7 76
94
723
5 60
93
958
7 15
67
496
5 75
39
272
Man
ufac
turi
ng71
747
95 1
4979
908
44 9
8535
287
36 8
3772
549
93 7
8488
821
133
202
257
220
287
126
302
507
199
887
115
460
Food
, bev
erag
es a
nd to
bacc
o19
774
15 4
8413
523
5 21
26
383
7 66
87
872
22 5
469
684
21 4
3916
922
33 0
1460
189
23 2
3820
996
Text
iles,
clo
thin
g an
d le
athe
r 6
081
636
3 36
31
401
406
3 76
7 3
321
569
778
1 25
43
062
2 12
23
741
1 12
9 5
49W
ood
and
woo
d pr
oduc
ts3
115
5 63
76
717
2 24
41
743
2 93
32
483
6 46
63
143
6 15
713
131
7 13
818
342
12 4
985
258
Pub
lishi
ng, p
rintin
g, a
nd r
epro
duct
ion
of
rec
orde
d m
edia
8 95
16
518
2 36
3 6
895
022
1 99
84
866
2 33
27
829
6 77
412
050
13 2
459
365
18 6
165
731
Cok
e, p
etro
leum
and
nuc
lear
fuel
15 3
609
384
7 05
16
199
1 44
22
243
3 49
96
679
12 9
9411
860
67 6
6536
939
40 7
0130
971
28 2
01C
hem
ical
s an
d ch
emic
al p
rodu
cts
4 33
219
335
15 2
604
043
5 14
24
605
31 4
7328
186
18 5
5538
664
34 8
2280
865
24 0
8522
935
20 9
58R
ubbe
r an
d pl
astic
pro
duct
s3
528
2 60
91
904
411
710
387
176
4 85
2 6
592
363
2 79
01
105
1 21
41
535
819
Non
-met
allic
min
eral
pro
duct
s1
865
2 98
36
183
911
3 93
92
404
5 23
22
740
4 58
56
965
8 82
312
494
12 8
818
392
2 18
6M
etal
and
met
al p
rodu
cts
2 72
95
992
3 07
61
874
2 30
82
046
2 47
51
472
13 3
958
512
7 94
710
974
12 7
1320
081
9 01
5M
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent
2 28
82
567
1 90
61
171
671
1 23
92
416
3 76
02
463
4 76
74
553
26 3
2512
938
20 1
303
432
Ele
ctric
al a
nd e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent
6 47
417
062
7 19
019
346
5 05
74
608
4 82
27
576
6 66
09
093
29 0
6240
893
68 2
8429
097
8 67
8P
reci
sion
inst
rum
ents
1 25
11
511
2 86
1 4
45 6
191
415
1 13
52
809
3 03
34
757
7 20
94
302
6 19
55
875
2 68
9M
otor
veh
icle
s an
d ot
her
tran
spor
t
equi
pmen
t 1
470
4 35
78
369
928
1 63
31
437
5 27
12
267
4 41
15
072
48 9
0417
038
30 8
525
127
6 51
6O
ther
man
ufac
turin
g 3
74
143
113
214
88
497
528
633
5 52
7 2
80 6
721
007
263
432
Tert
iary
39 2
2142
264
68 4
2333
985
40 9
6542
028
49 5
1984
824
132
414
164
457
268
486
471
497
832
303
387
425
243
771
Ele
ctric
ity, g
as, a
nd w
ater
1 0
34 7
71 3
321
072
1 01
21
250
830
10 4
6616
616
18 7
8727
527
55 1
1184
409
17 9
5357
866
Con
stru
ctio
n2
740
1 18
1 2
57 6
95 3
16 1
771
350
1 16
06
955
2 54
61
336
1 78
72
921
1 39
71
041
Trad
e4
109
4 35
66
205
3 73
92
870
6 18
65
636
8 85
415
176
16 5
1519
624
29 5
2419
399
20 2
3823
189
Hot
els
and
rest
aura
nts
3 5
611
534
3 06
6 3
40 3
23 5
69 9
973
402
1 71
32
482
2 79
93
593
2 12
02
895
1 13
0Tr
ansp
ort,
stor
age
and
com
mun
icat
ions
1 06
25
004
4 78
51
367
1 59
64
048
10 4
806
085
11 4
2414
735
30 1
6516
3 92
836
8 95
411
2 49
837
115
Fina
nce
13 2
1823
402
43 6
7122
395
30 4
0624
589
24 2
6845
368
61 3
0482
616
142
066
174
238
241
282
181
234
90 7
87B
usin
ess
serv
ices
9 88
84
949
6 37
73
100
3 29
83
532
3 97
24
843
17 0
8414
721
22 8
8935
695
82 7
9033
111
29 8
05P
ublic
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
defe
nce
1 9
52 1
3 6
67-
- 8
1-
31
- 1
02-
310
17
13
318
Edu
catio
n-
216
- 4
- 4
20-
- 1
98
30
54
107
110
-H
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
14
155
530
41
221
203
154
263
265
321
738
35
513
1 47
2 7
10C
omm
unity
, soc
ial a
nd p
erso
nal
se
rvic
e ac
tiviti
es1
640
678
2 46
91
206
835
906
1 33
23
366
1 85
711
000
19 8
877
214
29 7
8416
467
1 80
9O
ther
ser
vice
s 3
5 6
6 2
7 8
8 6
9 5
00 9
86 2
0 5
341
426
8 7
37
-
Unk
now
na 2
58-
114
187
50
45
10
34
104
38
488
24
38
110
1 24
8
So
urc
e:
UN
CTA
D,
cro
ss-b
ord
er
M&
A d
ata
ba
se.
aIn
clu
de
s n
on
-cla
ssifi
ed
est
ab
lish
me
nts
.
No
te:
Th
e d
ata
co
ver
the
de
als
invo
lvin
g t
he
acq
uis
itio
n o
f a
n e
qu
ity s
take
of
mo
re t
ha
n 1
0 p
er
cen
t.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives298
Selected UNCTAD publications on transnationalcorporations and foreign direct investment(For more information, please visit www.unctad.org/en/pub)
A. Serial publications
World Investment Reports
World Investment Report 2002: TransnationalCorporations and Export Competitiveness. 384p. Sales No. E.02.II.D.4 $49. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 2002: TransnationalCorporations and Export Competitiveness. AnOverview. 72 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 2001: Promoting Linkages.356 p. Sales No. E.01.II.D.12 $49. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 2001: Promoting Linkages.An Overview. 67 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
Ten Years of World Investment Reports: TheChallenges Ahead. Proceedings of an UNCTADspecial event on future challenges in the area ofFDI. UNCTAD/ITE/Misc.45. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 2000: Cross-borderMergers and Acquisitions and Development. 368p. Sales No. E.99.II.D.20. $49. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 2000: Cross-borderMergers and Acquisitions and Development. AnOverview. 75 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1999: Foreign DirectInvestment and the Challenge of Development.543 p. Sales No. E.99.II.D.3. $49. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1999: Foreign DirectInvestment and the Challenge of Development.An Overview. 75 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1998: Trends andDeterminants. 432 p. Sales No. E.98.II.D.5. $45.http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1998: Trends andDeterminants. An Overview. 67 p. Free of charge.http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1997: TransnationalCorporations, Market Structure and CompetitionPolicy. 384 p. Sales No. E.97.II.D.10. $45. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1997: TransnationalCorporations, Market Structure and CompetitionPolicy. An Overview. 70 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1996: Investment, Tradeand International Policy Arrangements. 332 p.Sales No. E.96.II.A.14. $45. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1996: Investment, Tradeand International Policy Arrangements. AnOverview. 51 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1995: TransnationalCorporations and Competitiveness. 491 p. SalesNo. E.95.II.A.9. $45. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1995: TransnationalCorporations and Competitiveness. An Overview.51 p. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1994: TransnationalCorporations, Employment and the Workplace.482 p. Sales No. E.94.II.A.14. $45. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1994: TransnationalCorporations, Employment and the Workplace.An Executive Summary. 34 p. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1993: TransnationalCorporations and Integrated International Pro-duction. 290 p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.14. $45. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1993: TransnationalCorporations and Integrated International Pro-duction. An Executive Summary. 31 p. ST/CTC/159. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1992: TransnationalCorporations as Engines of Growth. 356 p. SalesNo. E.92.II.A.19. $45. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1992: TransnationalCorporations as Engines of Growth. An ExecutiveSummary. 30 p. Sales No. E.92.II.A.24. Free ofcharge. http://www.unctad.org/wir.
World Investment Report 1991: The Triad inForeign Direct Investment. 108 p. SalesNo.E.91.II.A.12. $25. http://www.unctad. org/wir.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives300
World Investment Directories
World Investment Directory, Volume VIII, Centraland Eastern Europe 2003. 86 p. (Overview)+CD-ROM (country profiles). Sales No. E.03.II.D.12.$25. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ (Overview);http://www.unctad.org/en/subsites/dite/fdistats_files/WID2.htm (country profiles).
World Investment Directory 1999: Asia and thePacific. Vol. VII (Parts I and II). 332+638 p.Sales No. E.00.II.D.21. $80.
World Investment Directory 1996: West Asia. Vol.VI. 138 p. Sales No. E.97.II.A.2. $35.
World Investment Directory 1996: Africa. Vol.V. 461 p. Sales No. E.97.II.A.1. $75.
World Investment Directory 1994: Latin Americaand the Caribbean. Vol. IV. 478 p. Sales No.E.94.II.A.10. $65.
World Investment Directory 1992: DevelopedCountries. Vol. III. 532 p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.9.$75.
World Investment Directory 1992: Central andEastern Europe. Vol. II. 432 p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.1.$65. (Joint publication with the United NationsEconomic Commission for Europe.)
World Investment Directory 1992: Asia and thePacific. Vol. I. 356 p. Sales No. E.92.II.A.11.$65.
Investment Policy Reviews
Investment Policy Review of Nepal. 95 p. SalesNo. E.03.II.D.17. http://www.unctad.org/ipr/nepal.pdf
Investment Policy Review of Lesotho. 93 p.UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/Misc. 25. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs//iteipcmisc25corr1_en.pdf.
Investment Policy Review of Ghana. 93 p. SalesNo. E.02.II.D.20. http://www.unctad.org/ipr/ghana.pdf.
Investment Policy Review of Botswana. 107 p.Sales No. E.03.II.D.1. http://www.unctad.org/ipr/botswana.pdf.
Investment Policy Review United Republic ofTanzania. 98 p. Sales No. 02.E.II.D.6 $ 20. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteipcm9.en.pdf.
Investment Policy Review Ecuador. 117 p. SalesNo. E.01.II D.31. $ 25. Summary available fromhttp://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteipcm2sum.en.pdf.
Investment and Innovation Policy Review Ethiopia.115 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/Misc.4. Free of charge.http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteipcm4.en.pdf.
Investment Policy Review Mauritius. 84 p. SalesNo. E.01.II.D.11. $22. Summary available fromhttp://www.unctad.org/en/pub/investpolicy.en.htm
Investment Policy Review Peru. 108 p. Sales No.E.00.II.D. 7. $22. Summary available from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiipm19sum.en.pdf.
Investment Policy Review Uganda. 75 p. SalesNo. E.99.II.D.24. $15. Summary available fromhttp://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiipm17sum.en.Pdf.
Investment Policy Review Egypt. 113 p. SalesNo. E.99.II.D.20. $19. Summary available fromhttp://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiipm11sum.en.Pdf.
Investment Policy Review Uzbekistan. 64 p.UNCTAD/ITE/IIP/Misc.13. Free of charge. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiipm13.en.pdf.
International Investment Instruments
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. X. 343 p. Sales No. E.02.II.D.21.$60. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs//dite3vol10_en.pdf.
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. IX. 353 p. Sales No. E.02.II.D.16.$60. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/psdited3v9.en.pdf.
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. VIII. 335 p. Sales No. E.02.II.D.15.$60. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/psdited3v8.en.pdf.
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. VII. 339 p. Sales No. E.02.II.D.14.$60. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/psdited3v7.en.pdf.
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. VI. 568 p. Sales No. E.01.II.D.34.$60. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ps1dited2v6_p1.en.pdf (part one).
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. V. 505 p. Sales No. E.00.II.D.14.$55.
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. IV. 319 p. Sales No. E.00.II.D.13.$55.
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium. Vol. I. 371 p. Sales No. E.96.II.A.9;Vol. II. 577 p. Sales No. E.96.II.A.10; Vol. III.389 p. Sales No. E.96.II.A.11; the 3-volume set,Sales No. E.96.II.A.12. $125.
Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1959-1999. 143p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIA/2, Free of charge. Availableonly in electronic version from http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/poiteiiad2.en.htm.
Bilateral Investment Treaties in the Mid-1990s.314 p. Sales No. E.98.II.D.8. $46.
Selected UNCTAD publications on transnationalcorporations and foreign direct investment 301
LDC Investment Guides
An Investment Guide to Nepal: Opportunitiesand Conditions. 88 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/MISC/2003/1. Free of charge.
An Investment Guide to Mozambique: Opportunitiesand Conditions. 72 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIA/4. Freeof charge. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiiad4.en.pdf.
An Investment Guide to Uganda: Opportunitiesand Conditions. 76 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/Misc.30.http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiitm30.en.pdf.
An Investment Guide to Bangladesh: Opportunitiesand Conditions. 66 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/Misc.29.http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiitm29.en.pdf.
Guide d’investissement au Mali. 108 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/Misc.24. http://www.unctad.org/fr/docs/poiteiitm24.fr.pdf. (Joint publication with theInternational Chamber of Commerce, in associationwith PricewaterhouseCoopers.)
An Investment Guide to Ethiopia: Opportunitiesand Conditions. 69 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/Misc.19.http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiitm19.en.pdf.(Joint publication with the International Chamberof Commerce, in association withPriceWaterhouseCoopers.)
Issues in InternationalInvestment Agreements
(Executive summaries are available fromhttp://www.unctad.org/iia.)
Dispute settlement: State-State. (Sales No.E.03.II.D.6). $15.
Dispute settlement: Investor-State. (Sales No.E.03.II.D.5). $15.
Transfer of Technology. 138p. Sales No.E.01.II.D.33. $18.
Illicit Payments. 108 p. Sales No.E.01.II.D.20. $13.
Home Country Measures. 96 p. SalesNo.E.01.II.D.19. $12.
Host Country Operational Measures. 109 p.Sales No E.01.II.D.18. $15.
Social Responsibility. 91 p. Sales No.E.01.II.D.4. $15.
Environment. 105 p. Sales No. E.01.II.D.3.$15.
Transfer of Funds. 68 p. Sales No.E.00.II.D.27. $12.
Employment. 69 p. Sales No. E.00.II.D.15.$12.
Taxation. 111 p. Sales No. E.00.II.D.5. $12.
International Investment Agreements: Flex-ibility for Development. 185 p. Sales No.E.00.II.D.6. $12.
Taking of Property. 83 p. Sales No.E.00.II.D.4. $12.
Trends in International Investment Agree-ments: An Overview. 112 p. Sales No.E.99.II.D.23. $ 12.
Lessons from the MAI. 31 p. Sales No.E.99.II.D.26. $ 12.
National Treatment. 104 p. Sales No.E.99.II.D.16. $12.
Fair and Equitable Treatment. 64 p. SalesNo. E.99.II.D.15. $12.
Investment-Related Trade Measures. 64 p.Sales No. E.99.II.D.12. $12.
Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment. 72 p.Sales No. E.99.II.D.11. $12.
Admission and Establishment. 72 p. SalesNo. E.99.II.D.10. $12.
Scope and Definition. 96 p. Sales No.E.99.II.D.9. $12.
Transfer Pricing. 72 p. Sales No.E.99.II.D.8. $12.
Foreign Direct Investment and Development.88 p. Sales No. E.98.II.D.15. $12.
B. Current Studies
Series A
No. 30. Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment.98 p. Sales No. E.96.II.A.6. $30. [Out of print.]
No. 29. Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, Aidand Migration. 100 p. Sales No. E.96.II.A.8. $25.(Joint publication with the International Organizationfor Migration.)
No. 28. Foreign Direct Investment in Africa.119 p. Sales No. E.95.II.A.6. $20.
ASIT Advisory Studies(Formerly Current Studies, Series B)
No. 17. The World of Investment Promotion ata Glance: A survey of investment promotionpractices. UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/3. Free of charge.
No. 16. Tax Incentives and Foreign DirectInvestment: A Global Survey. 180 p. Sales No.E.01.II.D.5. $23. Summary available from http://www.unctad.org/asit/resumé.htm.
No. 15. Investment Regimes in the Arab World:Issues and Policies. 232 p. Sales No. E/F.00.II.D.32.
No. 14. Handbook on Outward Investment Pro-motion Agencies and Institutions. 50 p. SalesNo. E.99.II.D.22. $ 15.
World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives302
No. 13. Survey of Best Practices in InvestmentPromotion. 71 p. Sales No. E.97.II.D.11. $ 35.
No. 12. Comparative Analysis of PetroleumExploration Contracts. 80 p. Sales No. E.96.II.A.7.$35.
No. 11. Administration of Fiscal Regimes forPetroleum Exploration and Development. 45 p.Sales No. E.95.II.A.8.
C. Individual Studies
FDI in Least developed countries at a Glance:2002. UNCTAD/ITE/IIA/6, February 2003.
The World of Investment Promotion at a Glance.Advisory Studies, No. 17. UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/3,March 2002 (2000-01 PB).
International Investment Instruments: A Com-pendium, Volume X. UNCTAD/DITE/3(Vol. X),September 2002.
The Tradability of Consulting Services. 189 p.UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/Misc.8. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteipcm8.en.pdf.
Compendium of International Arrangements onTransfer of Technology: Selected Instruments.308 p. Sales No. E.01.II.D.28. $45.
FDI in Least Developed Countries at a Glance.150 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIA/3. Free of charge. Alsoavailable from http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/poiteiiad3.en.htm.
Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Performanceand Potential. 89 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/Misc.15.Free of charge. Also available from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiitm15.pdf.
TNC-SME Linkages for Development: Issues–Experiences–Best Practices. Proceedings of theSpecial Round Table on TNCs, SMEs and Devel-opment, UNCTAD X, 15 February 2000, Bangkok,Thailand.113 p. UNCTAD/ITE/TEB1. Free of charge.
Handbook on Foreign Direct Investment by Smalland Medium-sized Enterprises: Lessons from Asia.200 p. Sales No. E.98.II.D.4. $48.
Handbook on Foreign Direct Investment by Smalland Medium-sized Enterprises: Lessons from Asia.Executive Summary and Report of the KunmingConference. 74 p. Free of charge.
Small and Medium-sized Transnational Corpo-rations. Executive Summary and Report of theOsaka Conference. 60 p. Free of charge.
Small and Medium-sized Transnational Corpo-rations: Role, Impact and Policy Implications.242 p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.15. $35.
Measures of the Transnationalization of EconomicActivity. 93 p. Sales No. E.01.II.D.2. $20.
The Competitiveness Challenge: TransnationalCorporations and Industrial Restructuring inDeveloping Countries. 283p. Sales No. E.00.II.D.35.$42.
Integrating International and Financial Perform-ance at the Enterprise Level. 116 p. Sales No.E.00.II.D.28. $18.
FDI Determinants and TNC Strategies: The Caseof Brazil. 195 p. Sales No. E.00.II.D.2. $35.Summary available from http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/psiteiitd14.en.htm.
The Social Responsibility of TransnationalCorporations. 75 p. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/Misc. 21.Free-of- charge. [Out of stock.] Available fromhttp://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiitm21.en.pdf.
Conclusions on Accounting and Reporting byTransnational Corporations. 47 p. Sales No.E.94.II.A.9. $25.
Accounting, Valuation and Privatization. 190 p.Sales No. E.94.II.A.3. $25.
Environmental Management in TransnationalCorporations: Report on the Benchmark CorporateEnvironment Survey. 278 p. Sales No. E.94.II.A.2.$29.95.
Management Consulting: A Survey of the In-dustry and Its Largest Firms. 100 p. Sales No.E.93.II.A.17. $25.
Transnational Corporations: A Selective Bibli-ography, 1991-1992. 736 p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.16.$75.
Foreign Investment and Trade Linkages inDeveloping Countries. 108 p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.12.$18.
Transnational Corporations from DevelopingCountries: Impact on Their Home Countries. 116p. Sales No. E.93.II.A.8. $15.
Debt-Equity Swaps and Development. 150 p. SalesNo. E.93.II.A.7. $35.
From the Common Market to EC 92: RegionalEconomic Integration in the European Communityand Transnational Corporations. 134 p. SalesNo. E.93.II.A.2. $25.
The East-West Business Directory 1991/1992.570 p. Sales No. E.92.II.A.20. $65.
Climate Change and Transnational Corporations:Analysis and Trends. 110 p. Sales No. E.92.II.A.7.$16.50.
Foreign Direct Investment and Transfer ofTechnology in India. 150 p. Sales No. E.92.II.A.3.$20.
The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment:A Survey of the Evidence. 84 p. Sales No.E.92.II.A.2. $12.50.
Selected UNCTAD publications on transnationalcorporations and foreign direct investment 303
Transnational Corporations and Industrial HazardsDisclosure. 98 p. Sales No. E.91.II.A.18. $17.50.
Transnational Business Information: A Manualof Needs and Sources. 216 p. Sales No. E.91.II.A.13.$45.
The Financial Crisis in Asia and Foreign DirectInvestment: An Assessment. 101 p. Sales No.GV.E.98.0.29. $20.
Sharing Asia’s Dynamism: Asian Direct Investmentin the European Union. 192 p. Sales No. E.97.II.D.1.$26.
Investing in Asia’s Dynamism: European UnionDirect Investment in Asia. 124 p. ISBN 92-827-7675-1. ECU 14. (Joint publication with the EuropeanCommission.)
International Investment Towards the Year 2002.166 p. Sales No. GV.E.98.0.15. $29. (Joint publicationwith Invest in France Mission and Arthur Andersen,in collaboration with DATAR.)
International Investment towards the Year 2001.81 p. Sales No. GV.E.97.0.5. $35. (Joint publicationwith Invest in France Mission and Arthur Andersen,in collaboration with DATAR.)
D. Journals
Transnational Corporations Journal (formerlyThe CTC Reporter). Published three times a year.Annual subscription price: $45; individual issues$20. http://www.unctad.org/en/subsites/dite/1_itncs/1_tncs.htm
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World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives304
QUESTIONNAIRE
World Investment Report 2003:FDI Policies for Development:
National and International Perspectives
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