IDENTIFY KEY MILITARY TURNING POINTS OF WORLD WAR II.

• DOES THIS PICTURE REPRESENT A TURNING POINT IN AMERICAN HISTORY?

• MAKE A LIST OF WHAT ALL THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS.

CHALLENGES TO FDR’S FOREIGN POLICY

•GERMANY ATTACKS! (LED BY ADOLF HITLER)• AUSTRIA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, POLAND, FRANCE

• ITALY ATTACKS! (LED BY BENITO MUSSOLINI)• ETHIOPIA (EASTERN AFRICA)

• JAPAN ATTACKS! (LED BY HIDEKI TOJO)• CHINA (MANCHURIAN PENINSULA)

• FDR BELIEVED AMERICAN SHOULD HELP ITS ALLIES, PREVENT TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS FROM SPREADING THEIR INFLUENCE• NEUTRALITY ACTS OUTLAWED AMERICAN SALES OF ARMS

TO NATIONS AT WAR (ISOLATIONISM)

•WHY WOULD AMERICA WANT TO STAY NEUTRAL?

19

THE AXIS

Italy

Mussolini

Germany

Hitler

Japan

Tojo

Japan

Hirohito

19

THE ALLIES

Great Britain

Churchill

United States

FDR

Soviet Union

Stalin

19

• ISN’T THERE AN INTERNATIONAL

GROUP TO PREVENT THIS KIND OF

AGGRESSION?

LEND-LEASE ACT

• 1941: CONGRESS PASSES LAW TO CANCEL THE OLD “CASH & CARRY” POLICY AND STRENGTHEN THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY” BY SENDING WEAPONS TO “ANY COUNTRY WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE UNITED STATES”

• $50 BILLION WORTH OF WEAPONS

• FDR’S ATLANTIC CHARTER AGREEMENT GOES A STEP FURTHER TO CREATE THE “ALLIES” (US & BRITAIN)

• HOW NEUTRAL DOES AMERICA LOOK NOW?

19c

LEND-LEASE ACT

19c

PEARL HARBOR• DECEMBER 7, 1941• 2,403 KILLED; 1,178 INJURED•MUCH OF US PACIFIC NAVY FLEET DESTROYED

• FDR CALLS IT “A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”

• 94% OF AMERICANS HAD BEEN ISOLATIONISTS BEFORE THE ATTACK IN HAWAII• AFTER THE ATTACK, AMERICA CHANGED ITS MIND

• FDR DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN (BUT HAS TO HELP BRITAIN WITH GERMANY FIRST)

•WHAT DOES DECEMBER 7TH HAVE IN COMMON WITH SEPTEMBER 11TH?

19b

PEARL HARBOR

19b

19b

19b

19b

19b

19b

19b

U.S.S. ARIZONA

19b

MOBILIZATION FOR WWII

• 5 MILLION AMERICAN VOLUNTEER

• ANOTHER 10 MILLION DRAFTED (SELECTIVE SERVICE)

• 18 MILLION WORKING IN WAR INDUSTRIES

• LESS THAN 25% HIRED AFRICAN AMERICANS

• WEEKLY PAYCHECKS ROSE 35%

• UNEMPLOYMENT FALLS TO 1.2%

• WHAT DID JOINING WORLD WAR II DO TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION, IF

UNEMPLOYMENT DROPPED FROM 25% TO 1.2%?

19d

19d

RATIONING

•OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION (OPA) SET LIMITS ON PRICES, KEEPING THEM

MANAGEABLE (SLOW DOWN THE INFLATION!)

•OPA ALSO SET UP A SYSTEM WHERE HOUSEHOLDS RECEIVED RATIONING

COUPONS (C-BOOKS) TO BE USED FOR BUYING SUCH SCARCE GOODS AS MEAT,

SHOES, SUGAR, COFFEE, AND GASOLINE.

•WHY WOULD IT BE IMPORTANT TO RATION THINGS LIKE SUGAR AND GASOLINE

DURING WAR?

19d

19d

WAR-TIME CONVERSION

• WAR PRODUCTION BOARD (WPB) SAID WHICH INDUSTRIES WOULD SWITCH TO WARTIME

PRODUCTION

• MECHANICAL PENCILS TURNED OUT BOMB PARTS

• BEDSPREAD MAKER MADE MOSQUITO NETTING.

• SOFT-DRINK COMPANY STARTED FILLING EXPLOSIVES.

• WPB ALSO SET A LIST OF CONSERVED MATERIALS

• IRON, TIN, PAPER, COOKING FAT

• WHAT MAY HAVE HENRY FORD’S COMPANY CONVERTED TO DURING WORLD WAR II?

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19d

A. PHILIP RANDOLPH

• JULY 1, 1944 RANDOLPH CALLED FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO MARCH AT WASHINGTON DC UNDER THIS BANNER:

• “WE LOYAL COLORED AMERICANS DEMAND THE RIGHT TO WORK AND FIGHT FOR OUR COUNTRY.”

• FDR BACKED DOWN AND ISSUED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER MAKING DISCRIMINATION IN DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL HIRING ILLEGAL

•WHO DOES A. PHILIP RANDOLPH REMIND YOU OF?

• FREDERICK DOUGLASS?

•WEB DUBOIS?

•MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.?

19a

A. Philip Randolph Eleanor Roosevelt

19a

JAPANESE-AMERICAN INTERNMENT

• IN 1942, FDR ORDERED REMOVAL OF 110,000 JAPANESE-AMERICANS TO “RELOCATION

CENTERS” (PRISON CAMP)

• 2/3 WERE NISEI (BORN IN US)

• $400 MILLION IN POSSESSIONS LOST

• SHOULD THIS BE ILLEGAL? WHY OR WHY NOT?

• IN 1944, THE SUPREME COURT SAID THE CAMPS WERE LEGAL IN THE NAME OF MILITARY

NECESSITY

• KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES

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WOMEN IN WAR INDUSTRIES• 6 MILLION WOMEN COME TO WORK (35% OF WORK FORCE) IN ORDER TO KEEP

THE ECONOMY RUNNING

• AND WOMEN IN WAR!

•WAAC (WOMEN’S AUXILIARY ARMY COMMISSION) NEVER IN COMBAT

POSITIONS

• HOW HAVE WOMEN’S ROLES AND EXPECTATIONS EVOLVED FROM (A) WORLD

WAR I, (B) THE ROARING TWENTIES, (C) THE GREAT DEPRESSION, AND NOW (D)

WORLD WAR II?

19d

19d

WHO IS THEODORE GEISEL?• A CLUE…

I WOULD NOT LIKE THEM HERE OR THERE.

I WOULD NOT LIKE THEM ANYWHERE.

I DO NOT LIKE GREEN EGGS AND HAM.

I DO NOT LIKE THEM SAM I AM.

- DR. SEUSS (T. GEISEL)

DURING WORLD WAR II, DR. SEUSS WAS AN ACTIVE CARTOONIST/PROPAGANDIST IN SUPPORT

OF THE WAR.

Germany was

building an empire

in Europe

The US

wanted to stay

out of ww2

ISOLATIONISM

The US

is all talk,

no action!

NEUTRALITY

ACTS

If we don’t do

something soon,

Germany & Japan

will come here

and take over

Buy BONDS

to help support

the war effort

The Lend-Lease Act

was starting to get

the US involved

…but not all the way

The attacks at Pearl Harbor finally woke

America up from its isolationist “nap”

War

Mobilization

Get involved!

Rationing

Japanese-Americans

weren’t be trusted

Internment Camps

are necessary

Wartime

Conversion

of Industry

Racist Industrial

hiring practices

A. Philip Randolph

DESCRIBE THE FIGHT TO WIN WORLD WAR II.

• WHO WERE THE TWO MAIN NATIONS THE US FOUGHT AGAINST IN WWII?

• WHERE ARE THESE NATIONS LOCATED?

• HOW MIGHT THEIR LOCATIONS MAKE THIS A TOUGH WAR TO FIGHT?

D-DAY• JUNE 6, 1944

• GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER PLANNED A MAJOR ATTACK FROM BRITAIN TO THE NORTHERN

BEACHES OF FRANCE

•OPERATION OVERLORD WILL BE THE LARGEST LAND-SEA-AIR OPERATION IN ARMY

HISTORY!

• SEVEN DAYS OF FIGHTING ALONG AN 80MILE COAST MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE ALLIED

VICTORY IN EUROPE

• WHERE ELSE HAVE YOU HEARD THAT NAME (EISENHOWER) BEFORE?

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D-DAY

19c

19c

19c

D-DAY INVASION

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19c

WWII TRENCHES

TRENCH WARFARE

WWII WEAPONS

THE FALL OF BERLIN

• HITLER’S LAST DESPERATE ATTEMPT FELL SHORT AT THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE

• ALLIES BEGAN TO LIBERATE THE DEATH CAMPS OF THE HOLOCAUST

• THEN THE SOVIET ARMY STORMED BERLIN

• RATHER THAN SURRENDER HIS CAPITAL CITY, HITLER COMMITTED SUICIDE

• ALLIES CELEBRATE V-E DAY (VICTORY IN EUROPE)

• MAY 8, 1945

• HITLER & GERMANY HAVE BEEN DEFEATED, IS THE WAR OVER NOW?

19c

FALL OF BERLIN

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CELEBRATION IN TIMES SQUARE

• VE DAY!

• MAY 8, 1945

BATTLE OF MIDWAY• THE TURNING POINT BATTLE IN THE PACIFIC STOPS THE GROWTH OF THE

JAPANESE SEA EMPIRE

• HUGE MORALE BOOST FOR AMERICANS

• OPENS THE ALLIED STRATEGY OF “ISLAND HOPPING” TOWARD JAPAN

• WHAT BATTLE IN EUROPE

DOES THIS COMPARE TO?

• LED TO VICTORIES AT

GUADALCANAL, LEYTE GULF,

IWO JIMA, OKINAWA

19c

BATTLE OF MIDWAY

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THE ATOMIC BOMB• THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

• TOP SECRET PROJECT LED BY J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER TO DEVELOP AN

ATOMIC BOMB IN LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO

•HIROSHIMA (AUGUST 6, 1945)

•NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)

•SURRENDER FINALLY COMES

•WHY DROP THESE BOMBS?

19e

Nagasaki

Hiroshima

19e

ECONOMIC & POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DROPPING THE ATOMIC BOMB

• GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR LEADS US OCCUPATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF JAPAN

• NUCLEAR POWER COULD ALSO BE USED FOR NEW DOMESTIC TECHNOLOGIES

• SOVIET UNION WAS DEEPLY OFFENDED WE DIDN’T TELL THEM ABOUT THE ATOMIC BOMB TESTING

• COULDN’T WE TRUST THEM? WERE WE TRYING TO SEND A MESSAGE OF STRENGTH TO THEM?

• PRESIDENT HARRY S. TRUMAN’S WAR REPUTATION IS EMBOLDENED AS AMERICA CELEBRATES V-J DAY (VICTORY OF JAPAN)

• WAIT A SECOND, WHERE DID PRESIDENT TRUMAN COME FROM? I THOUGHT FDR WAS THE PRESIDENT THAT TOOK US INTO WWII…

19e

• V-J DAY!

• AUGUST 15,

1945

WWII QUIZ(1) WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE ACTS PASSED BY CONGRESS TO TRY TO

PREVENT US INVOLVEMENT IN WWII?

(2) WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE ACT OF CONGRESS THAT SHOWED WE WERE READY TO BE THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”?

(3) WHAT HAPPENED ON DECEMBER 7, 1941?

(4) WHAT HAPPENED ON JUNE 6, 1944?

(5) WHAT IS THE TURNING POINT BATTLE IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN?

(6) WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE LARGEST LAND-SEA-AIR INVASION IN WWII?

(7) WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE US GENERAL IN CHARGE OF OPERATION OVERLORD?

(8) WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE US GENERAL IN CHARGE OF THE FIGHTING AGAINST JAPAN?

(9) WHAT ARE TWO REASONS FOR DROPPING THE ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN?

(10) WHAT ARE THE TWO CITIES IN JAPAN WHERE THE US USED ATOMIC BOMBS?