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World War II
Franklin D. Roosevelt
•U.S.•President
•President for most of WWII•U.S. representative at the Yalta Conference
Adolf Hitler
•Germany•Chancellor
•Dictator of Germany•Known for his attempt to exterminate
Jews from Europe
Emperor Hirohito
•Japan•Emperor
•Japan’s god-like leader•More of a figurehead
Tojo Hideki
•Japan•President
•Ran the show for Japan
Benito Mussolini
•Italy•Dictator
•Established fascism in Italy
Winston Churchill
•England•Prime Minister
•U.S.’s biggest ally•Met with FDR in Canada for the Atlantic
Charter•Also at Yalta & Potsdam Conferences
Joseph Stalin
•Soviet Union•Prime Minister
•Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII & beginning of the Cold War
•Took part in Yalta & Potsdam Conferences
Harry Truman
•U.S.•President
•President for the end of WWII•Decided to drop atomic bomb on Japan•Represented U.S. at Potsdam Conference
Dwight D. Eisenhower
•U.S.•Supreme Allied General
•Supreme Allied Commander of Europe•In charge of D-Day operation
Douglas MacArthur
•U.S.•Pacific General•U.S. commander in the Pacific
Charles de Gualle
•France•Exiled leader•Ran “French” gov’t from exile in England
Chiang Kai-Shek
•China•President•U.S. backed leader of the Nationalist Party
Francisco Franco
•Spain•Dictator•Set up a totalitarian state in Spain
Fascism
•A political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic gov’t headed by a powerful dictator
Nazism
•Political philosophy based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism
Germany, Italy, & Japan
Appeasement
•Giving in to aggressor demands to keep peace
America Prepares for War
Neutrality Acts of 1935 & 1937
•U.S. would stay totally neutral in European conflicts
•Whose advice? _____________________George Washington
Lend – Lease Program
•U.S. would lend money and weapons to British & Soviets; who would return them or replace them after the war.
•“You break it, you buy it!”
Atlantic Charter
•FDR meets with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Canada to discuss plans if the U.S. enters the war
Draft
•First peacetime draft in U.S. for men 21 – 45 years old
WWII Casualties @ Pearl Harbor
•The following is a list of how many people were killed on Dec. 7, 1941 as a result of the Japanese attack upon Pearl Harbor.
▫US Navy 2,008 KIA ▫USMC 109 KIA ▫US Army 218 KIA ▫Civilians 68
Total 2,403
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY
110 minutes ~ 7:55am -9:45am
•Close to 2/3 of those who died occurred in the first 15 minutes of the battle when the Oklahoma, Utah and the Arizona were bombed.
•Japanese Casualties: ▫64 dead▫1178 wounded
Military Strength
•GI – Government Issue•3 months•3 months
Women in WWII•20 – 49 years old•2 years of high school•Non-combative units•2 million replaced men in factories•Got 60% less pay
Blacks in WWII•One million entered; 500,000 served
overseas•Were segregated•Over a million blacks, Indians, & Mexican
– Americans entered the workforce•Even more blacks moved north to cities
Japanese Americans in WWII•Called the Nesei (ne – say)•Also were segregated•Received more decorations than other
minority combat units
Victory in Europe
D-Day•Allied invasion of Europe•Allies land on beaches of Normandy,
France•Dwight D. Eisenhower was the supreme
Allied Commander
VE-Day•Victory in Europe Day (May 8, 1945)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCwB7LHk-p4
Victory in Pacific
Island – hopping •U.S. military tactic of liberating one
island at a time in the Pacific
Gen. Douglas MacArthur•Commander of U.S. fleet in the Pacific•Liberated the Philippines
ATOMIC BOMB
Ends war quickly
Saves an estimated 1 million U.S. military casualties
Japanese civilian casualties
Don’t know long-term side effects of weapon
http://www.carloslabs.com/node/16
WWII Injustices
Korematsu v. United States•Because Japanese – Americans were seen
as a threat to the war and national security, their constitutional rights could be taken away.
•They were rounded up from the west coast and sent inland to be guarded by the military in internment camps
Nuremberg Trials
•Convicted Nazi war criminals (Holocaust)
•Officials (head honchos) could be held accountable for you actions
POST WWII PLANS
Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
•Participants (FDR, Churchill & Stalin)
1. Germany would be divided into 4 partsa. (U.S., England, France, USSR would control a zone)
2. Free election in Poland (not kept)
3. Plans for a United Nations
•International peace-keeping organization set up after World War II
4. USSR pledges to declare war on Japan
5. USSR would recognize Chiang Kai- Shek’s democratic Chinese government (not kept)
6. Soviet Union would have influence in Eastern Europe
Potsdam Conference (July 1945)Participants•Truman, Churchill, and Stalin
Terms of Conference
•German’s war reparations based on how much they could afford
•Soviet – U.S. spheres of influence around the world
•Discussion over the atomic bomb