World War II

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notes

Warm Up Day 1: Let’s Recap

How did WWI end?

What we already know about Hitler?

Warm Up Day 2 (then start at slide Warm Up Day 2 (then start at slide 16)16)

Write down:Write down:

Action:Action:

Feeling:Feeling:

Setting:Setting:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqYgQ6QAxIE

World War IIWorld War II1939-19451939-1945

ROLES OF VARIOUS WORLD LEADERS ROLES OF VARIOUS WORLD LEADERS

PRIOR TO AND DURING WORLD WAR IIPRIOR TO AND DURING WORLD WAR II Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) – Fascist Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) – Fascist

dictator of Italydictator of Italy during World War II during World War II

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) – Nazi Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) – Nazi dictator of Germanydictator of Germany during World during World War IIWar II

Hideki Tojo (1884-1948) – Prime Hideki Tojo (1884-1948) – Prime Minister of JapanMinister of Japan

Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) – Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) – Communist dictator of the Soviet Communist dictator of the Soviet UnionUnion

Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945) – Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945) – President of the United StatesPresident of the United States

Winston Churchill (1874-1964) – Winston Churchill (1874-1964) – Prime Minister of EnglandPrime Minister of England

*****Answer the Question #1 on your Read-Along*****

The Major Players…The Major Players…

Allied PowersAllied Powers ( (Great Britain, , RussiaRussia, , United StatesUnited States, and France), and France)

Churchill, , StalinStalin, , RooseveltRoosevelt– Leaders of the Allied Powers; – Leaders of the Allied Powers; Yalta Conference in 1945 to determine outcome of Europe Yalta Conference in 1945 to determine outcome of Europe after World War IIafter World War II

Axis PowersAxis Powers ( (Germany, , ItalyItaly, , JapanJapan))

Hitler, , MussoliniMussolini, , TojoTojo – Leaders of the Axis Powers – Leaders of the Axis Powers

*****Answer Read-Along Question #2*****

*Test Color Highlight this whole slide!!!*

EMERGENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS EMERGENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS

OFOF TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM government control over every aspect of public government control over every aspect of public

and private life; the citizen has to completely and private life; the citizen has to completely (totally) subject him or herself to the state (totally) subject him or herself to the state authority (A charismatic dictator with influence)authority (A charismatic dictator with influence)

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union (1924)Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union (1924) Benito Mussolini – Italy (1922)Benito Mussolini – Italy (1922) Adolf Hitler – Germany (1933)Adolf Hitler – Germany (1933) Mao Zedong – China (1949)Mao Zedong – China (1949) Kim Il Jung – North Korea (1948)Kim Il Jung – North Korea (1948)

State control over the individual including denial of all civil libertiesState control over the individual including denial of all civil liberties Dependence on mass technology including Dependence on mass technology including mass media to spread mass media to spread

propagandapropaganda and advanced military weapons and advanced military weapons

ORIGINS AND CHARACTERISTICS OFORIGINS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FASCISMFASCISM System of government that advocates a dictatorship with the idea System of government that advocates a dictatorship with the idea

of extreme nationalism, aggressive militarism, and suppression to of extreme nationalism, aggressive militarism, and suppression to opposition.opposition.

OriginsOrigins

Italy – 1922 with rise of power of Benito Mussolini (“Il Duce”)Italy – 1922 with rise of power of Benito Mussolini (“Il Duce”) Rising inflation and unemployment led to social unrestRising inflation and unemployment led to social unrest Italian upper and middle class feared a communist revolution as in Russia Italian upper and middle class feared a communist revolution as in Russia

and wanted a strong leaderand wanted a strong leader Industrial leaders fear a workers’ revoltIndustrial leaders fear a workers’ revolt Mussolini and the Black Shirts march on Rome and demand King Victor Mussolini and the Black Shirts march on Rome and demand King Victor

Emmanuel III to put him in charge of the governmentEmmanuel III to put him in charge of the government Fascism spreads to Germany (Hitler)Fascism spreads to Germany (Hitler) and Spain (Franco) in the 1930s and Spain (Franco) in the 1930s

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Dictator with complete controlDictator with complete controlSense of extreme nationalismSense of extreme nationalism

Existence of only the leader’s political Existence of only the leader’s political partyparty

No individual rightsNo individual rightsThe state was supremeThe state was supreme

How did these guys come to power?Remember that Germany had to pay war reparations for losing WWI. The

United States was a major lender of loans to rebuild Europe. However, our stock market crashed in 1929 and when we recalled the money for the loans no one could pay. German money was inflated because they were printing money like crazy. So these countries were hurting financially. People became desperate for someone to fix the problem. Out of this desperation came individual who same up through the political process and communicated that if elected they would fix the countries problems: Hitler and Mussolini.

Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler in Munich, June 1940.

End of Day 1

World War II – Causes and EffectsWorld War II – Causes and Effects

German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, leads to Great Britain and France’s declarations of leads to Great Britain and France’s declarations of war on Germany;war on Germany; the invasion is also the first use of the invasion is also the first use of the German the German blitzkrieg (“lightning war”)blitzkrieg (“lightning war”) that that incorporates incorporates fast-moving airplanes and tanks.fast-moving airplanes and tanks.

Germany Invades Poland

“The Lightning War”

Once Germany invades Poland, the European powers begin to mobilize for war.

The United States decides to stays out of this war and remains neutral. We do however, begin to sell war supplies which is helpful to us since our citizens need jobs as we are at the end of the Great Depression.

The The United States does a good job at staying out of this warUnited States does a good job at staying out of this war even even though the Allies really want us to join in. though the Allies really want us to join in. Until the Japanese Until the Japanese attack our naval base at Pearl Harbor Hawaiiattack our naval base at Pearl Harbor Hawaii. .

Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) by Japan leads by Japan leads the United States to declare war on Japan.the United States to declare war on Japan. This results in a This results in a declaration of war on the United States by Germany and Italy. declaration of war on the United States by Germany and Italy. Japan also wanted to attack the Panama Canal because the canal Japan also wanted to attack the Panama Canal because the canal was a center of world trade and traffic for Allied forces.was a center of world trade and traffic for Allied forces.

Answer Read Along #3

What is going on in the relationship What is going on in the relationship between Japan and the U.S.?between Japan and the U.S.?

The Japanese invaded China’s Manchuria. At the time we had a “Big Brother” relationship with China so we put economic sanctions on Japan and refused to trade with them if they did not leave China.

Japanese imperialism: Plans for a Pacific empire that Japanese imperialism: Plans for a Pacific empire that included China that would allow Japan to solve its economic included China that would allow Japan to solve its economic problems through the provision of raw materials and problems through the provision of raw materials and markets for its goods as well as providing more room for its markets for its goods as well as providing more room for its growing population.growing population.

So did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii?So did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii?

The ability of the Air Force and Navy to The ability of the Air Force and Navy to retaliate against Japan was weakened. retaliate against Japan was weakened.

U.S. MobilizationU.S. MobilizationOnce the U.S. is attack we join World War II and send half of our military forces to fight the Nazi’s in Europe and the other half to fight the Japanese in the Pacific. World War II is a “Two Front War” for the U.S.

Europe Pacific

Two different locations, two different enemies, two every different experiences.

War in Europe

German invasion of the Soviet Union (1941-1943)German invasion of the Soviet Union (1941-1943) also known as also known as Operation Barbarossa, results in the unsuccessful Operation Barbarossa, results in the unsuccessful German siegesGerman sieges of Leningrad and Moscow. The of Leningrad and Moscow. The harsh Russian winter halts further harsh Russian winter halts further invasion in Russiainvasion in Russia. . GermansGermans besiege Stalingrad in 1942 and are besiege Stalingrad in 1942 and are forced to surrenderforced to surrender the following year. The Soviet army then the following year. The Soviet army then begins to push westward into Europe. begins to push westward into Europe.

Normandy landings (June 6, 1944 – “D-Day”) by Allied forces on the coast Normandy landings (June 6, 1944 – “D-Day”) by Allied forces on the coast of France lead to a German retreat. As a result, France and the Low of France lead to a German retreat. As a result, France and the Low Countries are liberated and able to re-establish Democracy.Countries are liberated and able to re-establish Democracy. Allied troops Allied troops push eastward into Germany that leads to German surrender in 1945.push eastward into Germany that leads to German surrender in 1945.

Hitler and the HolocaustHitler and the Holocaust

Hitler was part of the Nazi party that rose to power just Hitler was part of the Nazi party that rose to power just before WWII.before WWII. Poor German economy helped sell the Poor German economy helped sell the idea of Nazism with the promise to fix and restore a idea of Nazism with the promise to fix and restore a once proud nation.once proud nation.

In his book, In his book, Mein KampfMein Kampf, Hitler outlines his plans and , Hitler outlines his plans and his blame on the Jewish people for their problems.his blame on the Jewish people for their problems.

The Holocaust – Genocide of over 6 million Jews and other groups The Holocaust – Genocide of over 6 million Jews and other groups throughout Europe considered by Germany to be inferior.throughout Europe considered by Germany to be inferior. Known Known as “The Final Solution” and resulted in the extermination of these as “The Final Solution” and resulted in the extermination of these people in death camps. (people in death camps. (Genocide is extermination of entire race…Genocide is extermination of entire race… Most of these camps took place in Germany and Poland.)Most of these camps took place in Germany and Poland.)

War in the Pacific

The U.S. military advancement through the Pacific Islands – known as “Island Hopping,” the goal was to attain a position close enough to mainland Japan to conduct an attack. This war strategy was time consuming and we were losing a lot of men.

Injured Allied soldiers survived only because of the antibiotics used that were created years before WWII.

The war continued until 1945, when in an effort to wrap the war up The war continued until 1945, when in an effort to wrap the war up quickly, the United States dropped the atomic bombs on Japan. quickly, the United States dropped the atomic bombs on Japan.

Dropping of atomic bombs (August 6 and 9, 1945) by U.S. on Dropping of atomic bombs (August 6 and 9, 1945) by U.S. on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki leads to Japan’s Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki leads to Japan’s surrender.surrender. (Truman feared the number of American lives it would (Truman feared the number of American lives it would take to invade Japan.)take to invade Japan.) – this is back up in causes and effects – this is back up in causes and effects of WWII section in notesof WWII section in notes

Answer Read Along Question

#4

HOW THE END OF WORLD WAR II LED TO THE COLD WARHOW THE END OF WORLD WAR II LED TO THE COLD WAR Yalta Conference (1945)Yalta Conference (1945)

• Main Purpose:Main Purpose: F.D. Roosevelt, W. Churchill, and J. Stalin F.D. Roosevelt, W. Churchill, and J. Stalin address dealing with address dealing with interim governments and borders of interim governments and borders of Europe at the end of the war in EuropeEurope at the end of the war in Europe

• Stalin’s aims differ from the other Allied powers in that he Stalin’s aims differ from the other Allied powers in that he wanted a buffer in Eastern Europe against invasion from the wanted a buffer in Eastern Europe against invasion from the WestWest

• Eastern European nations would have communist-friendly Eastern European nations would have communist-friendly governmentsgovernments

• Soviet satellite nations with communist governments Soviet satellite nations with communist governments installed in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, installed in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and RomaniaHungary, and Romania

• Germany divided into two sections with East Germany under Germany divided into two sections with East Germany under communist controlcommunist control

• Churchill – “….an iron curtain has descended across the Churchill – “….an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” (Europe)Continent.” (Europe)

• Stalin – communism (east) and capitalism (west) cannot exist Stalin – communism (east) and capitalism (west) cannot exist in the same world - Creating a political dividein the same world - Creating a political divide

The War is Over!

Post WWII