WORLD WAR II

World War IIAlthough times were hard in the United States throughout the Great Depression they were worse in other countries.

DICTATORS of WWII

• Rise of dictators throughout Europe• Totalitarian- form of government that controls

every aspect of citizens livesLEADER COUNTRY Form of

GovernmentSTALIN Soviet Union Communism

MUSSOLINI Italy FascismHITLER Germany NazismTOJO Japan Militarism

STALIN• STALIN- “man of Steel” leader of

the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin, who started the Communist Party

• Communism- a totalitarian system of in which a single authoritarian government party controls state-owned means of production

• Stalin’s Goals– Increase Agricultural Production- 5

year plan forming collectives- government owned farms

– Modernize Industry (by 1937, 2nd largest industrial power)

• Stalin’s Great Purge- killing off party officials

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGUEaFElzRY

MUSSOLINI • Mussolini- “Il Duce” the leader, organized the fascists party after WWI

• Fascism- philosophy which places importance of the nation above the value of the individual

• Marched on Rome in 1922 with “black shirts” and was named Prime minister out of fear by the king

• Outlawed elections, labor unions, political parties

• “The Country is Nothing without Conquest”

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZc

HITLER• Hitler- Led the Nazi Party

after WWI• Nazism- philosophy of

racism and nationalism under a single leader. Purifying race-Aryan race (blond hair, blue eyes)

• 1923- failed attempt to over throw German’s government, jailed, wrote “Mien Kampf”- my struggle while in jail

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7Y9pRxThoA

• Hitlers Speech: Youth Rally in 1935• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1KepSpRv5A&feature=related

TOJO• General Hideki Tojo- 1941- became leader of Militarist Japan

• Militarism- Philosophy of increased military power with a strong sense of nationalism

• Main goal- prepare the nation for war and territorial expansion

League of Nations Tested

• 1935- Italy Invades Ethopia• 1936- Italy Invades North Africa• 1936- Spanish Civil War- Franco becomes

dictator overthrowing their republic• 1936 Germany occupies the Rhineland (west

Germany)• 1936- Germany occupies the Sudentantlands

(Austria, Czechoslovakia)

Policies and Pacts• APPEASEMENT- giving into an

enemy’s demand in order to maintain peace

• Munich Pact- Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France agree to allow Hitler to take the Sudetenland– Churchill “By this time next year

we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite”

• Non-Aggression Pact- Hitler signs a non aggression pact with Stalin in 1939 to avoid a two front war

WWII BEGINS

• GERMANY INVADES POLAND- Sept 1st 1939- France and Britain declare war on Germany

• Blitzkrieg- “Lightening War”• 1940- Germany invades France, Belgium,

Luxembourg, and the Netherlands• Britain Stands Alone…• 1940-Battle of Britain- RAF (Royal Air Force)

defeated Germany in the air and defended their homeland, despite the bombings and damage

United States Claims Neutrality• 1935- Neutrality Acts-

prevented US from supplying arms to nations of conflict

• 1939- Cash and Carry Policy- amendment to the neutrality acts where countries could pay cast for materials and carry them on their own ships

• 1941- Lend Lease Act- lending arms to Britain

Japan attacks US• PEARL HARBOR- December 7th 1941- Japan surprise attacked Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii

• Less than 2 hours… 2,400 Americans Died, 1,200 wounded, 18 Ships and 300 aircraft damaged or destroyed

• “A Day that will Live in Infamy”

• US declares war on Japan the next day

• Germany and Italy declare war on the US

Chapter 35: American Prepare for War

American Economy Organizing for War• War Productions Board- WPB-

switching to wartime industry, depression ENDS!

• GDP- Gross Domestic Product- total value of goods and services produced in a country within a year, up 116% from 1940-44

• Taxes and Bonds- used to finance the war

• National Debt Increased- 1940 50 million 1944 over 200 million

• Price Controls- legal restrictions of prices used to control inflation

American GI’s

• GI- Government Issued• Assembling a Fighting Force-

draftees and volunteers• Preparing the troops to fight-

8 weeks of training• Hardships and Opportunities-

Fear, Homesick, Stress, but a feeling of pride, and liberty in their country

Japanese Americans• “Enemy Aliens”- Italian, German, Japanese ancestors living in the US had to carry an ID card to

prove they were not spies• Interment Camps- Center for confining people for reasons of national security• Executive Order 9066- Feb. 1942, over 100,000 Japanese Americans Forced onto Internment

Camps• Korematsu vs United States- Fred Korematsu refused to go to an interment camp, convicted in

court. Civil rights can be set aside during a time of war. • Life in Internment Camps- rows of barracks, barbed wire fences, one room apartments,

common bathrooms and dining areas. No physical labor or harm.

Women at War• Rosie the Riveter- 6 million

additional women took jobs outside the home to help wartime production, pay still less and some hostility

• “The more women at work, the sooner we win”

• WAC- Women’s Army Corp, WAVES, SPARS, all behind the lines in the war effort (nurses, pilots, radio operators)

African American Fight for TWO victories• Chicago Defender proposed a question “why die for democracy for some

foreign country when we don’t have it hear?” • Double V Campaign- victory of democracy at home and abroad• Tuskegee Airmen– 1st black combat unit 1941, showed African

Americans could handle the most demanding assignments. Shot down 400 German attackers and never lost a bomber plane to enemies

• Equality on the Homefront- race riots over jobs and inequality occurred. NAACP and CORE set the stage for post war civil rights movement

Jewish Americans• Holocaust- Nazi Germany’s

systematic murder or 11 million people

• Anti Semitism, Nuremburg Laws, and Kristalnacht

• Secret State Police or Gestapo placed the Undesirables in concentration camps

• Final Solution- death camps, extermination centers with gas chambers

• War Refugee Board- 1944 agency created for Jewish refugees to stay at centers in Italy and North Africa at US army camps (to escape the holocaust)

Mexican Americans• Many Mexican Americans left the Fields and joined the

army or worked in industrial centers for war production• Braceros- 120,000 manual laborers from southern Mexico

worked in the fields for food production• Zoot Suit Riots- Clash between Sailors/Marines and young

Mexican Americans in Barrios (Mexican Neighborhoods)