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World War IIState Standards 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10

Bell ActivityWork on World War II Terms.Hitlers Early LifePoor studentDropped out of school at 16Wanted to become an artist or architect but could not gain admission to any schools to studyMilitary CareerJoins German Army when World War I startsServed as a dispatch runner at the frontWounded twiceEarned five medals

Hitlers InfluencesStab in the back storyBelieved German politicians of the Weimar Republic had stabbed the German army in the back by not continuing to fight the warHitler joins the German workers PartyA small extremist political group

Hitlers AbilitiesPolitical OratoryWhen Hitler spoke he had an astonishing ability to dominate his party members by the force of his personalitySpeech Video1921Hitler voted the Fuhrer (leader) of the renamed National Socialist Germany Workers Party (NAZI)

Hitler in PrisonWhile in prison he writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)Book about Hitlers major viewsOutlined his belief in the superiority of the Aryan RaceOutline his plan for taking control of EuropeConquest of LebensraumLiving space for the German people

World War II1939-1945Axis PowersGermany, Italy, and JapanAllied PowersFrance, Britain, US, Soviet UnionLebensraumLebensraumLiving SpaceReferred to Germanys desire to expand their borders to conquer new living space

Response to LebensraumFrance and Britains responseWere tired of war from WWIAppeasementWanted to appease Germanys desire for more land

Response to Lebensraum.Treaty of VersaillesProvision that did not allow Germany an air force or offensive armyHitler secretly builds an air force and offensive armyEventually announces to the world he had an army and air forceFrance and Britain chose not to respondLeague of Nations condemned Germany for violating the treatyFailure of the League on NationsHitler on the MoveHitler invades the RhinelandHitler invades the SudetenlandHitler invades CzechoslovakiaFrance and Britain refuse to actPromise Poland that if Germany invades they will come to their aid

Agreement With RussiaGermany and RussiaSecretly agree to divide Poland in half between each otherNonaggression PactHitler thought that since he had Russia on his side then Britain and France would refuse to do anything about his invasion of PolandMussolini AttacksEthiopiaWanted to restore Italy to being a powerful empireInvades Ethiopia in 1935Mussolini declares war on the Allied PowersInvades Greece but unable to occupy the countryHitler has to intervene to save Italy from defeatGerman ArmyDriven by LebensraumHitler dedicated to offensive warfareOther countries were dedicated to defensive warfareFixed PositionsHigh emphasis on defensive firepower

BlitzkriegGerman offensive warfareGain victory as quickly as possible with the least amount of German casualtiesPanzer ForcesGerman tanks would crash through defensive lines at top speedMotorized InfantryInfantry in trucks would come in right behind the Panzers to allow the tanks to continue their advanceRegular InfantryAdvance on foot so to allow Motorized infantry to continue onInvasion of PolandGermanys Panzers vs. Polish CalvaryCase WhitePolish Calvary forces charge German tanks with their swordsRussians also invade from the east

Invasion of Poland.World doesnt realize how powerful the Blitzkrieg isBlame Polands military and planning for its defeatGermany defeats Poland in 26 Days!Invasion of Poland

World RespondsBritain and France dedicated to defensive warfareRefused to send any aid to PolandMaintained their defensive strategy and let Poland fight on its ownRussia realizes Germanys PowerHad agreed to spilt PolandStalin is scared and worried about a German invasion of RussiaTargetFranceBlitzkriegUnleashed against Belgium and the NetherlandsTakes 10 days to capture these two countriesFrance and Britain try to reinforce the countries but failBecome surrounded

DunkirkGermans rapidly advances into FranceTrapped troops decide to try to flee to Britain338,000 troops escape from France into BritainWere able to escape because the British Navy and civilians had sailed across the Channel to evacuate themThe climax to an epic defeat

Conquest of FranceBlitzkriegUnexpected SuccessFrance falls in 35 daysThe success of the invasion was determined in the first weekReason for quick defeatFrance lacks necessary armed forces and misused the ones that they had

French ResistanceCharles de GaulleEscaped to LondonOrganized his own government in exile for France

Battle of BritainGermany focuses on BritainBombing campaign against BritainOperation Sea LionNight bombing of London and major citiesKnown as The BlitzFirst German failure in WWIIBattle for Brittan Pearl Harbor

Germany Invades RussiaJune 22, 1941Germany Invades RussiaOperation Barbarossa

To Moscow!German Army pushes to capture MoscowScorched Earth PolicyBattle of StalingradRussians stop the German advance 200 day battleStalingrad videoBloodiest battle of WWIITurning point in Europe

IsolationistsAmerica wants to remain isolatedIsolationismNot becoming involved in other nations issuesAmerican Neutrality ActMade US neutral but allowed US to sell weapons to alliesLend Lease BillAllowed the President to lend or lease war products to Britain that would be paid for after the War

Japans AggressionJapan as the AggressorWith the fall of the Netherlands and France Japan began to take over their Pacific territoriesJapan conquers ManchuriaJapan invades ChinaRape of Nanking

American Policy Toward JapanAmerican EmbargoAmerica creates an embargo that stopped its exports of aviation fuel and iron to JapanThis made it so that Japan has no resources to supply their Empire

Between A Rock and A Hard PlaceProblems for JapanBecause of Embargos Japan has no way to supply its militaryJapan is an island with very limited resourcesHad to find these resources somewhereWhat Should Japan Do?Attack and gain resources or stay at peace and slowly lose its new Empire?Real Footage of Pearl Harbor

Japans ChoiceATTACK!Admiral YamamotoCommander of the Japanese Combined FleetKnows if Japan is to be successful they must destroy Americas Pacific FleetDecides to attack the American Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Pearl HarborDecember 7th, 1941Radar station on Hawaii detects oncoming Japanese planesReport is ignored because operators think it is an expected shipment

Pearl Harbor.Devastating AttacksJapan sinks four battleships and damages four others, sank three destroyers, damaged three light cruisers, destroyed 160 aircraft and damaged 1282,400 American lives lostJapan loses 29 planesReal Footage Air Raid

Pearl Harbor..Disaster for AmericaBoats and Planes had been parked closely together presenting excellent targets for Japanese PlanesAmericas Pacific Fleet was crippledJapan was unable to sink American Aircraft Carriers because they were not at Pearl HarborThis saves Pearl Harbor from being a complete disaster

American ResponsePresident Roosevelt calls emergency meeting of CongressDay of Infamy Speech

Asks Congress to declare war against JapanCongress declares warDay of Infamy Speech

The PacificBattle of MidwayUS Navy halts the advance of the Japanese by winning the land and sea battle at Midway

The Pacific.GuadalcanalUS Marines invadeSuccessful in taking the island but most hold itJapanese counterattackMarines burn all official documents because they think they are going to be defeatedMarines hold outJohn BassiloneChesty Puller

The Pacific..Iwo JimaIsland 650 miles from Japanese homelandDefended by Lieutenant General KuribayashiFortification specialists had created the islands defenses

The PacificIwo JimaFebruary 19th 1945Marines storm the beachesMarines are slaughtered on the beach but some how secure the beachFirst Flag RaisingSmall group of Marines given a flag to raise at the top of Mount Suribachi

The Pacific.Iwo JimaSecond Flag RaisingAnother group of Marines given a flag to place on top of Suribachi to replace the first flagJoe Rosenthal, combat photographer, follows the group

Harlon Block, Rene Gagnon, Michael Strank, Franklin Sousley, Ira Hayes, and John BradleyPacific..Battle drags on for another month6,825 American lives were lost on Iwo Jima1 out of every 3 Marines were either killed or woundedAlmost all of the 20,000 Japanese defenders died27 Medals of Honor awarded

Uncommon valor was a common virtue

Japan Becomes DesperateKamikaze AssaultJapanese suicide bomber begin to attack the American Fleet at the Battle of OkinawaSunk 34 American ships and damaged over 350

Atomic BombManhattan Project$2 Billion ProjectCentered at Los Alamos, TexasCode name for the American push to build an atomic bombOne of 37 plants helping to build the bomb located in Oak Ridge, TennesseeEnrico Fermi, responsible for developing the bomb

Atomic Bomb.Two BombsLittle Boy and Fat ManDeclarationAmerica calls on Japan to surrender or face complete and utter destruction

Atomic Bomb..Japan refuses to surrenderUS now has to choose which two cities to use the bombs onAfter much debate America chooses two major citiesNagasakiHiroshima

Atomic BombHiroshimaEnola Gay takes off from TinianIs carrying a 9,000 lbs. nuclear bombLittle Boy60% of Hiroshima instantly destroyed100,000 people die instantly

Atomic Bomb.NagasakiJapanese refuse to surrenderBockscar leaves with Fat Man to bomb not Nagasaki but KokuraDid not bomb Kokura because of poor weather, proceeded on to NagasakiCenter of city flattened35,000 die instantlyHiroshima doc Video

SurrenderAugust 14, 1945V-J dayJapan announces its surrenderSeptember 2, 1945Japan surrenders aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo BayThe Atomic Age had begun

Bell Activity: Order of Events AssignmentGerman re-armamentInvasion of the RhinelandInvasion of PolandInvasion of FranceAir Battle for BrittanOperation Barbarossa

Preparation for D-DayNormandyAmerica chooses Normandy as the place for the invasionAmerica, Britain, and Canada all participate in the invasionLed by US General Dwight D. EisenhowerD-Day Deception

Operation OverlordJune 6, 1944Five Beaches selected for the attackUtah BeachUSOmaha BeachUSGold BeachBritain and CanadaJuno BeachBritain and CanadaSword BeachBritain and Canada

Omaha BeachNumerous ProblemsAmericans encounter fierce resistanceMany boats were landed too far outThese boats flipped and the men drownedMen who landed in Higgins Boats had to storm the beaches while being shot at from secure positions

Airborne AssaultParatroopersAmerica lands paratroopers the night before the invasion behind enemy linesThese soldiers were responsible for creating havoc behind enemy lines

Buildup and BreakoutOver 100,000 troops land in first two daysHitler never realized that the invasion at Normandy was the Allies actual invasionD-Day Invasion Ryan

Battle of the BulgeAmerica slowly advancesGermany is slowly losing groundHitler decides to stage one last attackHitler weakens his eastern front to be able to attack in the West

Battle of the Bulge.Allied leaders did not consider Germany a dangerous offensive forceAllies caught by complete surprise by this new offensive

Battle of the Bulge.Because Bastogne holds out America wins the Battle of the BulgeGerman defeat at the Battle of the Bulge means disaster for the German ArmyHad lost all of their reserves and severely damaged German morale

Yalta ConferenceMeeting at YaltaFebruary 1945Stalin, Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill all meet at Yalta (Big Three)Meet to discuss Germanys defeat, occupation, and the postwar assistance to its peopleRussia agrees to attack Japan once Germany surrendersWorry that Russian Communism would spreadAlliance between US and Russia becomes tenseStart of the Cold War

Hitlers End..Ordered DestructionHitler orders the destruction of everything that the Allies could possibly use after they conquer GermanyHitler still visualized a miraculous turnabout in the warHe talked about new counteroffensives using armies that existed only on paper

Hitlers EndMarriageHitler marries his long time mistress Eva Braun

Hitlers End.SuicideHitler and Eva retire to their private quartersHitler tests his poison on his German SheppardEva poisons herselfHitler poisons himself and then shoots himself in the mouth with his pistolAides burn their bodies

Bell ActivityThe HomefrontPost Depression ResolveUS must muster all the determination it can to win World War IIMen dropped out of high school to fight, women worked in factories to produce weapons

The Homefront.Women in the Military350,000 women serve in the militaryWomens Army Corps (WAC)Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)

The Homefront..$320 BillionAmount spent to finance the warGovernment mobilizes all industry to produce war equipmentGovernment spending infuses the economy, lifting it out of the depression

The HomefrontGovernment AgenciesWar Production BoardSupervised conversion of industry to war productionObtained raw materials and allotted them to businessesOffice of Price AdministrationSupervised consumer prices and managed rationingOffice of War MobilizationSupervised the efforts of all these agencies

The Homefront.RationingRation BooksGovernment begins to ration certain items by giving out couponsThese coupons must be redeemed for items such as sugar, meat, and gasoline

The HomefrontWar BondsAmericans buy war bonds to help finance the warAmericans provide their scrap metal and rubber for military use

73The Homefront.DiscriminationMinorities often limited in the type of employment they could findExecutive Order 8802Banned discrimination in the defense industryDid not desegregate the armed forcesExecutive Order 9981Desegregated the military (1948)

Bell Activity1. Write a story from the point of view of an American solider who is liberating one of the concentration camps. What is the name of the camp?How many people were there and killed in the camp?Where is the camp?What type of camp is it?What do you see in the camp?The Jewish QuestionHitlers PlanHitler planned to remove all Jews from GermanyHitler first created many restrictions on JewsThis was done to encourage their relocation on their own

KristallnachtJew assassinates German official in ParisKristallnacht resultsNight of Broken GlassNazis break into Jewish businesses and destroy them and burn synagoguesResults in mass Jewish emigration from Germany

The Final SolutionHitlers ChoiceThe Final SolutionHitler chooses extermination as the final solution for the Jewish population in Germany

Carrying out the Final Solution.Establishment of death camps that use gas to killAuschwitzLargest death camp that was built in PolandCamps use hydrogen cyanide (Zyklon B) to kill prisoners

Carrying out the Final Solution..At first only Jews unfit for work were killedTowards the end of the war all Jews are being killedIn all possibly as many as 5.8 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust