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World War I – The war to end all wars?. How did WWI start?. Binding alliances that Washington warned us about Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria killed by Serbian terrorists Austria declares war on Serbia Russia declares war on Austria Germany declares war on Russia and France - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World War I – The war to end all wars?
How did WWI start?• Binding alliances that
Washington warned us about
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria killed by Serbian terrorists• Austria declares war on
Serbia• Russia declares war on
Austria• Germany declares war on
Russia and France• Britain declares war on
Germany
But what about us?• At first, we were neutral, and
tried to sell weapons to both sides.
• Rise of German U-Boat activity (Unterseeboot)
• Unrestricted submarine warfare• May 1915- Lusitania (128)
• Germany- “Our bad”• Aug 1915- Arabic (2)
• Germany- “JK, we’ll be good”• March 1916- Sussex (0, several
wounded)• Germany- “Ok, no more sinking
merchant ships!” ;)
• Zimmerman Note• Feb 1917
A War of Firsts• First National Draft
• 200,000 poorly equipped volunteers before the draft
• First American Soldiers Fighting in Europe
• By the end of the war, 2 million American soldiers served in the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
• First African-American Officers
• White and Black soldiers were segregated
• 369th Regiment (all African- American)– fought so fiercely, were nicknamed the “Hell Fighters” by Germans
New weapons• Machine Guns
• Maxim, M1917 Browning• Railroad Gun
• Shelled Paris from 81miles away
• Poison Gas• Chlorine, Mustard Gas
• Tank• Very slow, “heavily”
armored• Airplane
• biplanes
The Red Baron
• German fighter pilot• Top “ace” of WWI with
80 air combat victories• Shot down and killed
on April 21, 1918
New tactics
• Old- Mass Bayonet Charge
• Cavalry and artillery support
• New- Trench Warfare
• “No Man’s Land”• Storm-troopers
• Walk behind giant shield
• Tank advances
Trench Warfare
Poison Gas
How does it end?• Early 1918- Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk• Russia and Germany
• Sept 1918- Meuse-Argonne Offensive
• Final Allied offensive• Wanted to cut German
supply/communication lines• More than 1 million US
troops involved• Armistice (truce) signed
Nov 11, 1918 “stop shooting”
• Treaty of Versailles (1919) actual peace treaty
• Casualties (Deaths)Central- 15,404,477Allied- 22,062,427