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• 12/15 Focus: – Nationalistic feelings, a glorification of the
military, imperialistic rivalries, and tangled alliances led to unrest in Europe at the start of the 1900’s.
• Important Terms: – Militarism, Powder Keg
• Do Now:– What are some factors that had led to
the rise of nationalism in Europe?
Causes of WWIKey Terms
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism
The policy of building up military forces or threatening armed aggression
An agreement between nations to come to the defense of each other if attacked by another nation.
The attempt by a nation to control the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation
Pride in and devotion to one’s country
Germany• Nationalism had
fueled German Unification– Blood and Iron policy– 1871: the German nation
was formed from a group of independent nation-states with a common heritage
• Bismarck transformed the nation into a industrial and military power
Germany
• Foreign Policy– Establish alliances to
prevent Russia and France becoming allies
– Increase military strength
– Increase German influence in world affairs
France
• Wanted to regain role as a power in Europe
• History of conflict with the German states– Competition for territory in
Africa– Territorial disputes over the
border– Franco-Prussian War
• Suffered humiliating defeat to the Germans
• Lost territory on its border (Alsace Lorraine)
• Began to build up its military to get revenge
La Revenge
Great Britain
• Had a large empire– “Sun never sets on
the British Empire” • powerful army/navy• Saw German
industrialization and militarization as a potential threat– Led Britain to form
close ties with France
Russia • controlled by a
autocratic czar (king) – Czar Nicholas Romanov II – Repressed the people– Opposed reforms
• Led to a growing opposition to the rule of the Czar
• Promoted Pan-Slavism– Nationalist movement to
unite Slavic people in E. Europe
– Came to the defense of Slavic people in the Balkans
• Serbia
Ottoman Empire
• A once powerful empire that was losing its power
• History of conflicts with Russia
• Had good relations with Germany
Austria-Hungary
• Leader: – Franz Joseph– The Dual Monarchy
• Austrian monarch and Hungarian monarchs shared power
Austria-Hungary• Controlled many
different ethnic groups • Nationalism fueled
ethnic minorities desire for independence from Austria– Balkans (Serbs and
Croats)– Czechs– Poland
“The Powder Keg of Europe”
System of Alliances
The Triple EntenteThe Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria Hungary
Italy
Ottoman Empirewill become allies laterforming the Central Powers
Russia
Great Britain
France
The Balkan Powder Keg• Serbian nationalists
wanted to unite Serbs in the Balkans– Create a Slavic state– Austria-Hungary
opposed this effort
• Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina – Large number of Serbs – Angered Serbian
nationalists
The Spark
MilitarismAlliances
Imperialism Nationalism
June, 28, 1914: Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, Assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Sarajevo
The Powder Keg
Boom
THE ALLIANCE SYSTEMS GO INTO ACTION
?
?
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilizes army to the border with A-H
Germany declares war on Russia
Germany declares war on France
Great Britain declares war on Germany
Outbreak of WarAustria-Hungary blames Serbia for death of Archduke and makes harsh demands
Serbia refused to comply with demands
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (July 28 1914)
Russia moves troops to border with Austria and Germany
Germany declares war on Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germany invades Belgium as part of plan to invade France (August 3, 1914)
Great Britain declares war on Germany