World War I

K-W-LPlease complete your K-W-L chart in your bell

work. Use the images on this page to help complete the chart. You will also need to think back to our past chapter.

Vocabulary

• Navy – a fleet of ships

• Assassination – the murder of someone

• Alliances – a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for a specific purposes

Vocabulary • Imperialism- When larger and more powerful

countries take over smaller colonies and countries to make up an Empire.

• Militarism- The development and collection of weapons to prepare for war or conflict

• Tension – a strain or hostility between people or groups of people

Vocabulary

Casualties – people who are killed or injured during a battle

Propaganda- organized or spreading of certain ideas

Neutral – not supporting either side in a disagreement

Vocabulary

• Armistice- a stop in fighting agreed upon by both sides. A cease-fire

• Communism- an economic and social system in which all resources are owned by the government led by a dictator

• Reparations – payments for war losses

Nationalism • Nationalism – The belief that one country is better than

another country.

• In the last chapter, what were some effects of Nationalism?

It help unite the counties of Italy and Germany

Many cultures thought they were better others, and would treat others unfairly

Nationalism

Political cartoon from Germany

How does this show German nationalism?

Nationalism

How does this show British nationalism?

Imperialism • Imperialism- When larger and more powerfuls

countries take over smaller colonies and countries to make up a an Empire.

• Imperialism grew because countries wanted resources and markets to sell their goods.

• They also wanted to spread their influence to other parts of the word.

• This caused competition between nations.

Imperialism

Look at the map. Land controlled by England is pink, France is light purple, and Germany is bright green. What are some things you notice about the amount of land each country controls? What problems could this cause?

Imperialism A.

B.

Look at each cartoon and identify symbols that you see. Also explain what each cartoon is trying to express.

The sun never sets on the

British Empire

Militarism

• The development and collection of weapons to prepare for war or conflict

• Tensions start to build between countries due to nationalism and imperialism

• This turns into “an arms race” between different nations to build up their military forces

Militarism

• Germany and France both doubled the size of their military.

• England and Germany both developed strong navies

• Predict- Why do you think England and France would be worried?

Militarism“We have conquered for ourselves a place in the sun.

It will now be my task to see to it that this place in the sun shall remain... The more Germans go out upon the waters, whether it be in journeys across the ocean, or in the service

of the battle flag, so much the better it will be for us.” - Kaiser Wilhelm ofGermany

Militarism

New deadly weapons were developed and used in WWI. This will cause it to be deadlier than any pervious war.

The weapons changed, but military tactics did not. Calvary and Infantry units were no match for the weapons.

Militarism

German U-Boats lurked under the water and prevented supply ship from reaching England

Dreadnought Battle shipswere faster than older shipsand had increased fire power

Militarism The machine gun allowed soldiers to shoot 500-1,000 rounds per minute.

Tanks were armored vehicles mounted with guns. They moved on tracks, not wheels. This allowed them to move over rough terrain

Militarism

Zeppelins were air ships filled with gas. They were used as bombers because they could move quickly in the air but where easily damaged by gun fire. They were also used for reconnaissance.

Aircraft were first used in World War I. They could see what was going on in enemy territory, and drop bomb.The planes also had guns mounted on them so they could attack other planes.

Militarism Poison Gas killed and injured many

soldiers. It would burn the skin and lungs.

Alliances

• A system of Alliances or, an agreements between two or more nations, were formed in Europe to avoid conflict

• This basically split Europe into two groups

Triple Entente or Allied powers

Triple Alliance or Central Power

France Germany

Great Britain Austria-Hungary

Russia Italy

Alliances

The Spark That Caused the War

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to the Austrian- Hungry Empire.

• Austria- Hungry took over the country of Bosnia in 1908.

• On June 28, 1914 Archduke Ferdinand and his pregnant wife visited the troops in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia

The Spark that Caused the War

• Both the Archduke and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian named Gavrilo Princip.

The Spark that Caused the War

Austria -Hungary declares war on Serbia

Russia had an alliance with Serbia so they

declare war on Austria-Hungary

This caused Russia’s allies France and Great Britain

to declare war on Austria-Hungary and their allies,

Germany and Italy

The Spark that Caused the War

The Spark that Caused the War

The Spark that Caused the War

• “The Lamps are going out all over Europe, we shall not see them lit again in our life time” – Sir Edward Grey British Prime Minster

Conflict and Battle

• Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy had to fight on two fronts – The Western front against France and Great Britain– The Eastern Front against Russia

• Many thought the war would be over quickly, but due to trench warfare armies hardly moved at all

Trench Warfare • Trench warfare caused a

high number of causalities

• Armies would dig deep ditches to shelter their troops

• They would then put barb wire in front of the trenches

• To attack, troops had to crawl out the trench

Trench Warfare

Trenches would fill up With water

Trench Foot from standing In water

Rats

Fleas

Death and Destruction

Trench Warfare

• “We were able to see our comrades move forward in an attempt to cross No-Man’s Land, only to be mown down like meadow grass. I felt sick and the sight….. And remember weeping.”

Battle of Tannenberg • August 26 – August 30, 1914

• This battle was on the Eastern Front – Germany vs. Russia

• Russia lost to Germany

• The Germans were able to intercept a Russian message explaining their battle plan

Battle of Tannenberg

• 30,000 Russian Soldiers died and 92,000 were captured

• The Russian General was so upset, he did not tell the Russian Czar and killed himself

• This defeat along with economic issues will cause major changes in Russia

Russia

• Russia suffered great losses on the Eastern Front.

• The Russian economy collapse and country was low on fuel and food

• The Russian Revolution broke out and people demanded relief from their suffering

Russia • The Russian Ruler, Czar Nicholas

II, was forced to give up his throne

• Vladimir Lenin came to power and promised peace, bread, and land to all Russians

• He installed a communism economic system. The government controlled all resources

• He also signed a peace treaty with Germany giving land in the Western part of Russia

Battle of Verdun

• February 21 – December 19, 1916

• Took place in Northeastern France (Western Front)

• The Germans attacked a fortress in France

The Battle of Verdun

• This was the longest and deadliest battle of the war

• 350,000 French troops died

• 350,000 German troops died

The Battle of the Somme

• July 1 – November 13, 1916

• Took place along the Somme River in France (Western Front)

• French and British armies attacked the Germans

The Battle of the Somme

• 20,000 British troops were killed and 40,000 with injured on the first day alone (Bloodiest day in British history)

• Heavy Rains in October made it difficult to fight

The Battle of the Somme

• The battle was abandoned and resulted with the French and British gaining only 5 miles

• 650,000 German casualties

• 420,000 British casualties• 195,000 French casualties

The United States

• When the war started in 1914, The United States wanted to stay natural.

• The United States exported food and weapons to France and Great Britain

The United States

• The German U-Boats were preventing supplies from entering Great Britain

• Great Britain was an island and needed supplies. The Germans hoped to cut off their food supply and forced them to surrender

The United States • In May of 1915 the Germans

sank the British passenger ship Lusitania

• It was carrying people, supplies and probably weapons

• 1,200 people died including 128 Americans

• Germans also sank other US trade ships

The United States

• In 1917 the British found a secret telegram from Germany to the country of Mexico

• The Germans promised to they would restore land to Mexico that was taken by the United States if Mexico would join the side of the Central powers

The United States • The United States Government started to use

propaganda to show the Triple Entente was strong and the Central Powers were evil

The United States

• April 6, 1918 the United States Congress Declared war on Germany at the request of President Woodrow Wilson

The United States

• Many thought now with 2 million US troops the Allies would achieve victory on the Western Front

• This lead to more Casualties

The End of the War

“It broke your heart to see these fine young men carried off on stretchers with missing limbs, blinded, burned with gas, and in some cases shell-shocked. Many were only boys” – Fanny Louise Cunningham (American Nurse)

The End of the War

• On November 11, 1918 after 4 years of fighting both sides agree to an armistice.

• It was called Armistice Day. Today we call it Veteran's Day

The End of the War Wilson’s Fourteen Points (United State)

• End all secret meetings between countries

• Freedom to have boats on the sea during both peace and war time

• Lower the number of guns and weapons in world

• End imperialism • Create a league of nations to

prevent other wars

Georges Clemenceau (French Leader)

• Weaken and punish Germany

The End of the War

• The final document was a compromise was called the Treaty of Versailles

– A League of Nations was formed to promote peace – Germany took the blame for starting the war.– Germany had to remove forts from the Rhineland near

France– Germany to give up some of its land to other countries – Germany had to give up all of its colonies in Africa – Germany had to pay Reparations or payments for war

losses to the Allies

The End of the War• The map of Europe changed

after the war

• Austria Hungary Empire were erased off the map and new countries were formed.– Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia,

Czechoslovakia, Poland and Romania

• Germany lost land to Poland and France

• Russian Empire lost land• Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland

• Poison Gas http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/poison_gas_and_world_war_one.htm

• http://www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm

• http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/get_text.html?TextId=76581