GEOG 1982 - World Regional GeographyEXAM 2

17 March, 2011

Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST Answer:1 All of the following are mechanisms by which Friedman's "First Law of Petropolitics" works EXCEPT:

A) Low taxes in oil-exporting countriesB) Repressed civil society in oil-exporting countriesC) High spending & welfare subsidies in oil-exporting countriesD) Investment in technology in oil-exporting countries to replace depedence on foreign imports

2 All of the following are true of the Green Revolution EXCEPT:A) It increased wheat & rice productivityB) It concentrated wealth into larger-scale farmsC) It reduced rural povertyD) It turned India into a net grain exporter

3 All of the following are TRUE regarding the Fertile Crescent EXCEPT:A) It is one of the earliest known zones of agricultural settlement in the worldB) It was home to the ancient kingdoms of Sumer and BabylonC) It was the birthplace of IslamD) It contained some of the world's earliest urban societies, such as the great city of Ur

4 All of the following were aspects of the British relationship to the land during the settlement of Australia EXCEPT:A) Landholding was seen as the key to social stability for the new colonyB) Many of the new settlers were people who had been dispossessed of their land back in BritainC) The colonial government recognized the rights of squatters by giving them freehold title to aboriginal landD) Aborigines were seen as "wasting" the land, thereby justifying British claims on the land

5 Critiques of the Malthusian and Neomalthusian perspectives on population tend to emphasize which approach?A) Changing social and environmental conditions cause population changesB) Population changes cause social and environmental conditions to changeC) Population changes can never be explainedD) Population change is a response to climate change

6 Friedman’s “First Law of Petropolitics” states thatA) The price of oil is positively correlated with the rise of democracyB) The price of oil is positively correlated with authoritarian political systemsC) The price of oil is positively correlated with the emergence of alternative energy sourcesD) The price of oil threatens the political stability of oil-producing states

7 How do debates over the role of social networking media in protest movements reflect key issues in this course?A) Social media is the new tool of authoritarian control in North Africa and Southwest AsiaB) Social media tend to be used mostly for shopping and thus represent the 'mutability of commodities'C) Social media promote democracy around the worldD) Social media always occurs in places and thus mediates social relations in those places

8 In her article on cultural display, Bella Dicks suggests that the idea of culture as a 'mosaic' has displaced an older idea of culture and that this, in turn, has contributed to today's 'cultures of display'. She refers to that older idea of culture as:A) Cultural hierarchyB) MulticulturalismC) Global cultureD) Cultural display

9 Kaipel Ka’s war shield – featured in Foster’s chapter on the social life of commodities - depicts which commodity?A) Coca-ColaB) BeerC) VaselineD) Coffee

10 OPEC - the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - is what kind of organization?A) a cartelB) a TNCC) an NGOD) a regional trade bloc

11 Terra Nullius refers toA) Recognition of indigenous rights to the natural resources on their landB) The group of aborigines whose lawsuit led to the Native Title ActC) The idea that the land of Australia was unoccupied before the arrival of the BritishD) The leading indigenous rights organization in Australia

12 The "Pacific Way" refers toA) The idea that tourism development is the key to prosperity in the Pacific RegionB) The idea that Pacific Islanders have a regional identity and a way of handling conflicts peacefullyC) The idea that Pacific Islanders are docile and easily governedD) The idea that Pacific Islanders should have sovereignty over the Hawai'an Islands

13 The "stolen generation" refers toA) The thousands of children who die every day from malnutrition in IndiaB) The aboriginal children who were taken from their parents during the early 20th centuryC) The claiming of aborigine land by squatters during the early and mid 19th centuryD) The aborigine population that was wiped out by disease and warfare during the earliest years of the British colonization of Australia

14 The British Mandate of Palestine emerged after the break up ofA) The Arab EmpireB) The Ottoman EmpireC) TransjordanD) The British Empire

15 The concept of carrying capacity refers toA) The likelihood that a population will undergo a demographic transitionB) The ability of a given environment to sustain its populationC) The ability of domesticated plants to diffuse from one region to anotherD) The difference between crude death rates and crude birth rates

16 The first large-scale empire in which Islam figured as the predominant religious belief was calledA) The Ottoman EmpireB) The Arab EmpireC) The Moghul EmpireD) The Assyrian Empire

17 The 'Museal Effect' refers toA) Making ordinary things seem special by putting them on displayB) Making unique and exceptional things seem ordinary by putting them on displayC) Using museums to generate new economic development in citiesD) Cross-cultural consumption

18 The UN definition of "indigenous peoples" featurs all of the following components EXCEPT:A) indigenous peoples consider themselves to be part of the dominant society in which they liveB) indigenous peoples are determined to preserve their culture, traditions, and territories for future generationsC) indigenous peoples are non-dominant populations within the societies in which they liveD) indigenous peoples occupied the land prior to the arrival of invading and/or colonizing societies from elsewhere

19 What is the Malthusian crisis?A) Fertility rates eventually drop below mortality rates in the final stage of the demographic transitionB) Massive in migration resulting in a collapse of a country's carrying capacityC) Mortality rates decline rapidly causing high rates of natural increaseD) Population increase will eventually outstrip our ability to increase our resource base and "carrying capacity"

20 Which approach to globalization does Foster believe is illustrated by the film, The Cup?A) Strong globalizationB) Weak globalizationC) ColonialismD) Imperialism

21 Which best characterizes the indigenous Australian (aborigine) concept of landholding?A) Aboriginals were nomadic and so had no concept of landholdingB) Land owners held certain responsibilities for the land, rather than rightsC) Landholdings were imprecise and often changed hands between clansD) All of the above

22 Which country’s national soccer team had a hex put on it by fétisheurs, or ‘juju men’?A) AngolaB) BrazilC) Ivory CoastD) Costa Rica

23 Which idea was used to justify the erasure of aborigines from Australian history in the 19th century?A) Social DarwinismB) Native TitleC) ReconciliationD) Freehold

24 Which is most true about the demographic transition?A) It is a theory about the causes of population changeB) It is an observed pattern of population changeC) It is a hypothesis that population change results from industrializationD) It is an explanation underlying the ‘Malthusian Crisis’

25 Which of the following best characterizes the key lesson of the Green Revolution?A) A market-oriented approach to agriculture is far more efficient in relieving hunger than traditional approachesB) Irrigation is not possible for most of the world's poor farmersC) Technology does not necessarily provide food security for the poorD) Crop diversification is the key to improved food security for the poor

26 Which of the following best describes the impacts of the Green Revolution (GR) in Ludhiana, India's showpiece village for promoting the GR?A) Most of the farms were better off as a result of implementing the GRB) Most of the farms were worse off as a result of implementing the GRC) Most of the villagers left their farms as a result of implementing the GRD) Grain production increased only slightly as a result of implementing the GR

27 Which of the following is an example of the ways GMOs have been proposed to address the failures of the Green Revolution?A) GMOs can be tailored for poor farmers and farmers in marginal environmentsB) GMOs are more productive and will allow poor farmers to grow more grain than beforeC) GMOs are cheaper than HYV seedsD) GMOs have the support of India's farmer's associations

28 Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 components of Green Revolution?A) HYV seedsB) Family Planning ProgramsC) TechnologyD) Rural Development Strategy

29 Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding squatters in Australia?A) They settled the land without being granted freehold by the crownB) They were generally not agriculturalistsC) They only settled on lands that were abandoned by aboriginal peoplesD) They have been celebrated as iconic symbols of Australian national identity

30 Which of the following is the best definitino for a 'Petrolist' stateA) A state where more than half of export income come from petroleum and petroleum productsB) A state that is highly dependent on foreign oil importsC) A state with oil reserves of at least 100 billion barrelsD) A state with large oil reserves and a theocratic form of government

31 Which of the following is TRUE about Eddie MaboA) He was a squatter who fought the Native Title legislationB) He was an indigenous Australian whose land claims led to the Native Title legislationC) He wrote the song Waltzing MatildaD) He was a legislator who established Australia's National Reconciliation Week

32 Which of the following was suggested in lecture as the most robust factor in explaining the declines in fertility rates observed in the demographic transition?A) UrbanizationB) Education of womenC) Decline in agricultural laborD) Decline in illiteracy

33 Who was the founder of the Turkish Republic and a staunch promoter of secularism in Turkey?A) MohammedB) AtaturkC) Sadam HusseinD) Ottoman

34 Why does Sean Wilsey, in the National Geographic article "The Beautiful Game", liken soccer to religion?A) Because it is governed by simple laws that give it both a universal appeal and a specific local expressionB) Because more people watch soccer matches around the world than go to churchC) Because soccer does not involve big money and professional teams like other sportsD) Because people worship soccer players like gods

35 Why is India exporting food while millions go hungry each day?A) Because the green revolution focused on the production of export cropsB) Because many poor people cannot afford to buy food in IndiaC) Because there have been too many protests agains GMO technologies in IndiaD) Because the green revolution has only just gotten started in India

36 Why is oil a 'resource curse' for oil-exporting countries?A) Because oil extraction in OPEC countries is carried out by US and European oil companies who claim most of the profits for themselvesB) Because oil extraction relies on a huge guest worker force from South and Southeast AsiaC) Because oil-exporting countries become dependent on oil revenues and this distorts their economies and makes them resistant to changeD) Because all the oil-exporting countries are now facing massive protests

37 Why, according to Bella Dicks, has display, “as a feature of our contemporary environments, become more prominent than ever”?A) Globalization has increased economic competition between placesB) Local governments seek to improve local quality of lifeC) Culture is seen now as a ‘mosaic’ rather than a ‘hierarchy’D) All of the above

38 Why, as argued by Foster in his article about the social life of worldly things, is Coke never just a soft drink?A) Because Coke makes many other products besides soft drinksB) Because Coke is a huge TNC based in the United StatesC) Because Coke takes on local cultural and social meanings when it is consumed in different placesD) Because Coke is made from products sourced all over the world

39 Your textbook suggests agroecology as a potential remedy for some of the failings of the green revolution becauseA) agroecology does not disadvantage poor farmersB) agroecology is capable of producing higher yieldsC) agroecology is based on GMO technologyD) agroecology uses less expensive chemical fertilizers

True or False:

40 Aborigines, or indigenous Australians, are the longest-surviving inhabitants of Oceania

41 Distanciation, as discussed in Foster's article, is the idea that globalization has driven people further and further apart

42 Distribution of oil resources is relatively even throughout the North Africa and Southwest Asian region

43 Foster's idea of the 'mutability of commodities' is based on the idea that 'place matters' and local social contexts influence how we consume things

44 Neo-malthusians would argue that birth control is the key intervention necessary for preventing Malthus’ resource crises on a global scale

45 Oil economies are generally less diversified than other economies

46 OPEC member countries are found only in North Africa and Southwest Asia

47 Saudi Arabia is defined in your textbook as a theocratic state

48 Sovereign Wealth Funds are state-owned savings from oil and gas revenues which are invested globally in order to produce income

49 The green revolution tended to benefit women more than men in rural India

50 The majority of India's agricultural production is carried out on small-scale farms with very basic technology