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1
World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List
(second edition)
Roy Walmsley
Introduction
The World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List gives
details of the number of prisoners held in pre-trial
detention and other forms of remand imprisonment in 211
independent countries and dependent territories. It also
shows the percentage of pre-trial/remand prisoners within
each national prison population and the pre-trial/remand
population rate (the number of pre-trial/remand prisoners
per 100,000 of the national population). Information is also
given on the trend in the pre-trial/remand population rate.
An estimate is made of the total world pre-trial/remand
population and attention is drawn to differences in the
level of pre-trial/remand imprisonment across the world.
The information is the latest available at the beginning of
May 2014.
The International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS)
published in November 2013 the tenth edition of the
World Prison Population List. This World Pre-trial/Remand
Imprisonment List (like the World Female Imprisonment
List, the second edition of which was published in 2012)
provides information about a specific section of the
prison population; both of them complement the World
Prison Population List and the information which the ICPS
publishes and updates monthly in the World Prison Brief
section of its website (www.prisonstudies.org).
In providing information about prisoners held in pre-trial
and other forms of remand imprisonment, this List refers
to those persons who, in connection with an alleged
offence or offences, are deprived of liberty following
a judicial or other legal process but have not been
definitively sentenced by a court for the offence(s). They
will be in one of five stages, although not all legal systems
and not all cases will involve all five stages:
the ‘investigation’ stage, when they are being
interrogated to see if there is justification for bringing a
court case against them;
the ‘awaiting trial’ stage, after the investigation has
ended and a decision has been taken to bring a court
case;
the ‘trial’ stage, while the trial is actually taking place;
the stage when they have been convicted by the court
but not yet sentenced – the ‘convicted unsentenced’
stage; and
the ‘awaiting final sentence’ stage, when they have
been provisionally sentenced by the court but are
awaiting the result of an appeal process which occurs
before the definitive sentence is confirmed.
The World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List has been
compiled, like the World Prison Population List, from a
variety of sources. In almost all cases the original source
is the national prison administration of the country
concerned, or else the Ministry responsible for the prison
administration.
Key points
c Two and a half million people in pre-trial detention and other forms of remand imprisonment are recorded in this List. In addition it is believed that there are about 250,000 such prisoners in China and, taking account of those in the countries on which official information is unavailable and of those pre-trial detainees in police facilities who are omitted from national totals, there will be close to three million held in pre-trial detention and other forms of remand imprisonment throughout the world.
c The total includes some 480,000 in the United States, 255,000 in India, 195,000 in Brazil, 116,000 in Russia, 107,000 in Mexico, 70,000 in the Philippines, 66,000 in Thailand, 55,000 in Iran, 50,000 in both Indonesia and Pakistan, 48,000 in Turkey, 47,000 in Bangladesh, 44,000 in South Africa, 40,000 in Colombia, 37,000 in both Nigeria and Peru, 35,000 in Venezuela, 32,000 in Morocco and 31,000 in Argentina.
c In a majority of countries (56%) the proportion of the total prison population who are in pre-trial/remand imprisonment is between 10% and 40%. But pre-trial/remand prisoners constitute more than 40% of the prison population in about half the countries of Africa and the Americas and in South Central Asia and Western Asia.
c The countries with the highest proportion of the total prison population in pre-trial/remand imprisonment are: Comoros (92%), Libya (87%), Liberia and Bolivia (both 83%), Democratic Republic of Congo (82%), Benin, Congo and Lebanon (all 75%), Monaco (73%), Paraguay (72.5%), Haiti (71%), Cameroon and Yemen (both 70%), Nigeria (69%), Bangladesh (68%), Philippines, Uruguay and Venezuela (all 67%) and India and Pakistan (both 66%)
c In a majority of countries (55%) the pre-trial/remand population rate is below 40 per 100,000 of the national population. However, in the Americas only three countries do not exceed that level and thirteen countries have rates of more than 150 per 100,000.
c Guam, the U.S. territory in the Pacific Ocean, has the highest rate in the world, with 272 per 100,000 of the island’s population, followed by Panama (261), Grenada (209), Belize (202), U.S. Virgin Islands (195), Uruguay (194), Antigua & Barbuda (186), St Kitts & Nevis (181), Curacao (169), Seychelles (163), Barbados (162), Bahamas (159), Trinidad & Tobago (157), U.S.A. (153) and Anguilla-U.K (150).
c The available trend information shows that the pre-trial/remand population rate (the proportion of the national population that are in pre-trial/remand imprisonment) has grown in 98 countries and fallen in 80. In Africa and Asia it has fallen in more countries than it has grown but in Europe and Oceania it has grown in more countries than it has fallen and in the Americas the rate has grown in 32 countries and fallen only in seven.
2
World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)
Table 1 AFRICA Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information
in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand
remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate)
imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n)
Northern Africa
Algeria 5,500 8/12 10.0% 36.57m 15 2000 32; 2004 31; 2008 20
Egypt 6,392 31/12/06 9.9% 73.61m 9 2001 16; 2005 12
Libya 4,440 15/9/13 87.2% 6.21m 71 2004 121; 2007 110; 2010 104
Morocco 32,626 30/9/12 46.2% 32.65m 100 2000 79; 2005 87; 2010 95
Sudan 3,893 /13 20.4% 37.96m 10 2003 4; 2011 7
Tunisia 13,000 11/13 52.0% 10.88m 119 not available
Western Africa
Benin 5,174 /10 74.9% 8.85m 58 2002 46; 2007 67
Burkina Faso 2,418 31/12/13 41.5% 18.17m 13 2000 11; 2005 10; 2010 12
Cape Verde 399 /12 29.6% 494,000 81 1999 65; 2010 66
Côte d’Ivoire c. 3,916 31/12/13 c. 44.0% 20.55m c. 19 2002 22; 2007 17
Gambia c. 300 31/12/13 c. 30.0% 1.88m c. 16 1999 8; 2009 14
Ghana 3,012 7/10/13 21.4% 26.25m 11 2001 11; 2005 17; 2010 14
Guinea (Conakry) c. 1,690 /13 c. 65.0% 11.75m c. 14 2002 17; 2008 18
Liberia c. 1,516 /13 c. 83.0% 4.29m c. 35 2007 23; 2009 29
Mali 2,492 /13 50.2% 15.30m 16 2002 25; 2011 17
Mauritania 807 /13 48.5% 3.89m 21 2010 19
Niger 3,845 /13 54.0% 17.83m 22 2007 27; 2010 16
Nigeria 36,983 30/6/13 68.7% 170.23m 22 2000 22; 2005 20; 2010 22
Senegal 3,491 21/12/12 41.4% 13.24m 26 2000 18; 2005 19; 2008 23
Sierra Leone 1,913 18/9/13 58.3% 6.12m 31 2005 14; 2009 19
Togo 2,648 /13 61.8% 6.41m 41 not available
Central Africa
Angola 9,487 11/11 47.7% 19.81m 48 1999 29; 2003 23
Cameroon 16,800 12/11 70.0% 21.41m 78 2003 76; 2008 76
Chad 3,064 31/12/11 63.4% 12.26m 25 2005 20
Congo (Brazzaville) c. 975 31/12/12 75.0% 4.39m c. 22 not available
Dem Rep of Congo c.18,000 /10 c. 82.0% 62.19m c. 29 not available
Gabon c. 1,166 /13 c. 33.3% 1.67m c. 70 2006 78
Sao Tome e Principe 25 30/9/13 12.9% 194,000 13 2002 53; 2006 45; 2010 49
South Sudan c. 3,600 6/11 c. 45.0% 10.38m c. 35 not available
Eastern Africa
Burundi 4,035 31/12/13 51.8% 9.13m 44 2002 77; 2005 66; 2010 69
Comoros 189 10/13 91.7% 740,000 26 not available
Djibouti c. 275 /13 c. 50.0% 873,000 c. 32 1999 47; 2011 44
Ethiopia 15,723 2009-10 14.0% 82.44m 19 1999-2000 48; 2004-05 33
Kenya 18,720 10/12 36.0% 42.97m 44 2001 45; 2005 61; 2009 51
Madagascar c. 9,921 /13 53.0% 22.48m c. 44 1999 88; 2005 78; 2010 38
Malawi 1,957 4/9/13 15.6% 16.35m 12 2001 19; 2005 17; 2010 8
Mauritius 1,052 16/1/13 39.5% 1.32m 80 2000 33; 2005 67; 2009 59
Mozambique 5,108 9/13 32.6% 25.10m 20 1999 49; 2008 23
Rwanda 3,952 31/12/12 7.1% 11.41m 35 not available
Seychelles 144 13/8/12 24.3% 88,500 163 2006 33; 2010 148
Tanzania 17,224 17/10/13 50.1% 49.17m 35 2000 54; 2005 52; 2010 44
Uganda c. 16,830 6/12 52.0% 35.50m c. 47 2005 53; 2008 48; 2010 52
Zambia 3,950 17/9/13 23.2% 14.29m 28 2000 29; 2005 43; 2007 66
Zimbabwe 3,689 8/2/10 27.6% 12.53m 29 2000 46; 2005 43; 2010 29
Mayotte (France) 85 2/6/09 39.5% 198,000 43 not available
Southern Africa
Botswana 1,000 9/13 24.6% 2.02m 50 2000 58; 2004 82; 2009 45
Lesotho 474 /13 19.7% 2.24m 21 2005 23; 2009 21
Namibia c. 340 1/12/10 c. 8.0% 2.30m c. 15 2001 13; 2007 15
South Africa 43,735 8/4/14 27.8% 53.51m 82 2000 127; 2005 97; 2010 93
Swaziland 619 3/12 18.1% 1.22m 51 2002 148; 2005 103; 2009 62
Figures not available Western Africa: Guinea Bissau.
Central Africa: Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea.
Eastern Africa: Eritrea, Somalia, Réunion (France).
3
World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)
Table 2 AMERICAS Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information
in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand
remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate)
imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n)
North America
Canada 13,922* 2010-11 35.0% 34.09m 41 2000-01 28; 05-06 37; 08-09 43
*(average daily population, including young offenders, 1/4/2010-31/3/2011)
USA c. 480,860 /12 c. 21.6% 315.09m c. 153 2000 123; 2005 156; 2010 157
Bermuda (UK) 25 31/10/07 9.6% 65,000 38 2003 103
Greenland (Denmark) 37 avrge 13 21.2% 56,500 65 2000 12; 2005 16; 2010 81
Central America
Belize 673 31/8/13 40.8% 333,000 202 2001 51; 2005 116; 2010 98
Costa Rica 3,357 31/7/12 22.4% 4.77m 70 2002 46; 2005 58; 2010 59
El Salvador 5,861 27/1/14 21.9% 6.32m 93 2001 86; 2005 58; 2010 129
Guatemala 8,209 13/8/13 50.3% 15.50m 53 2001 37; 2005 25; 2010 38
Honduras c. 6,485 9/13 50.0% 8.12m c. 80 1999 157; 2005 106; 2010 75
Mexico 106,541 28/2/14 42.6% 118.10m 90 2000 64; 2005 83; 2010 82
Nicaragua 1,127 31/12/12 12.3% 6.01m 19 2004 15; 2008 25
Panama 9,593 30/9/13 63.4% 3.68m 261 2000 176; 2005 223; 2010 203
Caribbean
Antigua & Barbuda 171 25/7/13 46.1% 92,000 186 2005 62; 2007 78; 2011 159
Bahamas c. 600 10/13 c. 42.0% 378,500 c. 159 2002 93; 2005 196; 2010 139
Barbados 459 1/13 44.1% 284,000 162 2000 188; 2007 112; 2009 120
Dominica 60 8/13 23.9% 68,000 88 1999 183; 2005 84; 2007 69
Dominican Republic 13,285 31/7/13 53.2% 10.29m 129 2000 143; 2005 105; 2010 137
Grenada 219 13/2/12 52.3% 105,000 209 2002 44; 2005 40; 2009 76
Haiti 7,019 4/8/13 70.6% 10.33m 68 1999 36; 2005 35; 2010 36
Jamaica 620 22/9/13 14.8% 2.77m 22 2003 21; 2005 30; 2009 22
St Kitts & Nevis 98 26/8/13 29.7% 54,000 181 1999 64; 2005 115; 2010 110
St Lucia 232 11/12 40.8% 179,000 130 1999 68; 2005 99; 2010 142
St Vincent & Grenadines 106 3/13 23.0% 109,000 97 2001 47; 2006 73; 2011 116
Trinidad & Tobago 2,100 22/10/13 43.3% 1.34m 157 2000 116; 2005 121; 2008 121
Anguilla (UK) 21 18/12/12 27.6% 14,000 150 2007 131
Aruba (Netherlands) 46 6/07 16.6% 101,000 46 2005 10
Cayman Islands (UK) 38 31/8/09 19.6% 56,340 67 1999 48; 2004 125
Curacao (Netherlands) 242 6/6/07 41.0% 142,870 169 2002 329; 2006 140
Martinique (France) 436 1/5/11 49.3% 407,000 107 not available
Puerto Rico (US) 2,235 7/06 15.7% 3.93m 57 not available
Sint Maarten (Neth) 17 9/7/07 18.1% 39,470 43 not available
Virgin Is. (UK) 38 12/10 32.5% 27,000 141 not available
Virgin Is. (US) 208 3/13 36.4% 106,700 195 not available
South America
Argentina 31,301 31/12/12 50.3% 41.72m 75 2002 70; 2005 82; 2010 76
Bolivia 12,309 /13 83.3% 10.53m 117 2000 64; 2005 54; 2009 61
Brazil 195,036 12/12 38.0% 199.78m 98 2000 46; 2005 55; 2010 84
Chile 11,017 31/3/14 24.9% 17.67m 62 2000 104; 2005 79; 2010 69
Colombia 39,730 31/3/14 33.4% 48.66m 82 2000 51; 2005 59; 2010 56
Ecuador c. 8,900 10/12/13 c. 36.0% 14.30m c. 62 2001 43; 2005 59; 2009 52
Guyana 690 31/12/12 34.0% 756,500 91 2001 57; 2005 64; 2010 125
Paraguay 6,695 /13 72.5% 6.79m 99 1999 72; 2005 76; 2010 67
Peru 36,670 12/13 54.2% 30.68m 120 2001 59; 2005 84; 2010 92
Suriname c. 505 2/11 c. 50.0% 528,000 c. 96 not available
Uruguay 6,594 2/13 67.1% 3.40m 194 1999 94; 2006 124; 2010 172
Venezuela 35,342 /13 66.8% 30.41m 116 2000 26; 2005 36; 2010 98
Figures not available Caribbean: Cuba, Guadeloupe (France).
South America: French Guiana/Guyane (France).
4
World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)
Table 3 ASIA Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information
in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand
remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate)
imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n)
Western Asia
Bahrain 882 /12 38.2% 839,000 105 not available
Iraq 20,821 31/12/12 46.1% 34.24m 61 not available
Israel 7,852 31/12/08 35.8% 7.19m 109 2003 43; 2005 48; 2007 114
Jordan 2,957 18/8/11 47.2% 6.35m 47 2001 48; 2005 57
Kuwait c. 410 /11 c. 10.0% 3.13m c. 13 2002 26; 2005 15; 2009 14
Lebanon 3,981 17/12/13 75.3% 4.89m 81 2000 96; 2005 92; 2009 75
Oman 78 /02 5.6% 2.31m 3 not available
Qatar c. 500 /13 c. 43.5% 2.17m c. 23 2006 31
Saudi Arabia 16,790 /02 58.7% 21.46m 78 2000 78
Syria 5,353 /04 50.5% 17.68m 30 2003 39
United Arab Emirates 5,134 /06 45.9% 4.88m 105 2003 109; 2005 107
Yemen 9,920 2/13 70.1% 25.96m 38 2004 30; 2006 23; 2010 25
Central Asia
Kazakhstan 6,601 1/1/14 13.2% 17.17m 38 2000 110; 2005 55; 2010 50
Kyrgyzstan 2,056 1/1/12 20.9% 5.43m 38 2003 55; 2006 52; 2009 36
Tajikistan 1,100 1/1/08 15.0% 7.19m 17 2006 28
Turkmenistan 1,356 /06 12.4% 4.80m 28 2005 25
Uzbekistan c. 3,400 /07 c. 10.0% 26.67m c. 13 2003 22
South Central Asia
Afghanistan 7,365 31/12/13 25.4% 35.05m 21 2006 15; 2010 15
Bangladesh 46,919 12/12 68.3% 155.57m 30 2003 32; 2006 33; 2010 33
India 254,857 31/12/12 66.2% 1,266.8m 20 2000 18; 2005 21; 2010 19
Iran c. 55,000 7/12 c. 25.0% 75.68m c. 73 2010 58
Nepal 5,003 13/3/09 58.9% 29.28m 17 2002 17; 2005 14
Pakistan 49,582 31/12/12 66.2% 180.65m 27 1999 43; 2004 33; 2009 34
Sri Lanka 9,835 15/10/13 43.9% 21.44m 46 2000 44; 2005 57; 2010 67
South Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam 51 mid-13 9.3% 420,000 12 2000 10; 2005 10; 2010 4
Cambodia 8,839 3/14 60.5% 14.73m 60 2000 16; 2005 18; 2010 31
Indonesia 49,690 mid-12 32.8% 244.79m 20 2000 10; 2005 18; 2010 20
Laos 40 mid-04 1.0% 5.70m 7 not available
Malaysia 8,887 mid-13 21.9% 29.76m 30 2000 33; 2005 51; 2010 37
Myanmar (Burma) 6,495 mid-09 10.8% 51.54m 13 2001 10; 2007 15
Philippines c. 70,000 /13 c. 63.1% 98.13m c. 71 2001 45; 2005 68; 2010 60
Singapore 3,277 mid-13 24.6% 5.51m 59 2000 59; 2005 70; 2010 40
Thailand 66,417 1/3/14 22.7% 67.15m 99 2000 128; 2005 63; 2010 80
Timor-Leste c. 136 31/12/13 c. 31.7% 1.14m c. 12 2003 23; 2009 9
Vietnam 15,150 mid-12 11.6% 90.80m 17 not available
Eastern Asia
Japan 6,941 30/6/13 10.7% 127.26m 5 2000 9; 2005 8; 2010 6
Korea (Republic of) 16,352 30/6/13 33.7% 48.84m 33 2000 54; 2005 37; 2010 32
Mongolia 1,150 mid-13 14.5% 2.89m 40 2003 64; 2005 74; 2010 57
Taiwan 3,275 31/1/14 5.1% 23.38m 14 2000 26; 2005 28; 2010 22
Hong Kong (China) 1,532 31/12/13 16.9% 7.20m 21 2000 19; 2005 17; 2010 19
Macau (China) 238 31/12/12 21.4% 582,000 41 2000 41; 2005 40; 2010 42
Figures not available South Central Asia: Bhutan, Maldives.
Eastern Asia: China, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea).
5
World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)
Table 4 EUROPE Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information
in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand
remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate)
imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n)
Northern Europe
Denmark 1,382 1/9/13 33.8% 5.61m 25 2000 17; 2005 19; 2010 25
Estonia 561 14/4/14 18.8% 1.31m 43 2000 119; 2005 81; 2010 62
Finland 606 1/1/13 19.3% 5.43m 11 2000 7; 2005 10; 2010 11
Iceland 13 1/9/13 8.4% 321,400 4 2000 6; 2005 6; 2010 4
Ireland 564 2/14 14.1% 4.60m 12 2000 10; 2005 11; 2010 14
Latvia 2,242 4/14 42.5% 2.00m 112 2000 153; 2005 115; 2010 89
Lithuania 1,179 1/1/13 12.1% 2.96m 40 2000 63; 2005 37; 2010 36
Norway 1,049 1/9/13 28.7% 5.10m 21 2000 14; 2005 13; 2010 21
Sweden 1,420 1/10/13 24.5% 9.61m 15 2000 15; 2005 16; 2010 18
United Kingdom
– England & Wales 11,800 31/3/14 13.8% 57.26m 21 2000 22; 2005 24; 2010 24
– Northern Ireland 437 31/12/13 24.3% 1.84m 24 2000 19; 2005 26; 2010 28
– Scotland 1,508 25/4/14 19.4% 5.34m 28 2000 19; 2005 23; 2010 28
Faeroe Is. (Denmark) 3 avrge 13 26.9% 48,120 5 2003 10; 2005 2; 2010 7
Guernsey (UK) 20 25/4/14 20.4% 66,000 30 1999 26; 2004 33; 2010 33
Isle of Man (UK) 14 9/9/13 14.4% 86,000 16 2000 13; 2005 20; 2010 33
Jersey (UK) 36 10/9/13 22.1% 98,750 36 2001 30; 2005 54; 2010 55
Southern Europe
Albania 2,090 10/13 40.2% 2.87m 73 2001 47; 2005 55; 2010 59
Andorra 17 19/12/12 47.2% 86,850 20 2001 51; 2005 17; 2010 24
Bosnia & Herzegovina
– Federation 258 1/9/12 15.2% 2.35m 11 2000 15; 2005 11; 2010 14
– Republika Srpska 96 31/12/13 9.6% 1.33m 7 2001 13; 2005 13; 2010 14
Croatia 767 1/1/13 16.2% 4.38m 18 2000 17; 2005 20; 2010 27
Cyprus 368* 1/9/12 39.6% 864,600* 43 2000 6; 2005 13; 2010 50
*(Does not include the internationally unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).)
Greece 4,254 1/1/12 34.1% 11.29m 38 2000 20; 2005 22; 2010 31
Italy 21,659 31/3/14 36.0% 60.05m 36 2000 41; 2005 37; 2010 49
Kosovo/Kosova 602 15/11/13 35.5% 1.83m 33 2001 19; 2004 23; 2009 23
Macedonia (F Yug Rep) c. 500 12/13 c. 16.6% 2.06m c. 24 2000 11; 2005 13; 2010 23
Malta 182 1/9/11 30.4% 416,700 44 2001 20; 2005 24; 2009 41
Montenegro 348 9/13 32.6% 623,600 56 2002 36; 2006 66; 2010 107
Portugal 2,501 1/4/14 17.3% 10.42m 24 2000 38; 2005 29; 2010 22
San Marino* 0 1/9/12 0% 32,500 0 1999 0; 2005 3; 2010 0
*(By agreement with Italy, most persons imprisoned by San Marino are held in Italian prisons.)
Serbia 2,532 31/12/12 24.8% 7.21m 35 2000 17; 2005 32; 2010 46
Slovenia 219 1/9/13 16.1% 2.06m 11 2000 17; 2005 16; 2010 16
Spain 8,951 25/4/14 13.4% 46.41m 19 2000 23; 2005 32; 2010 32
Gibraltar (UK) 31 31/12/11 40.3% 29,750 104 2001 11; 2005 35; 2010 65
Western Europe
Austria 1,754 1/12/12 20.1% 8.48m 21 2000 21; 2005 24; 2010 23
Belgium 3,600 avrge 12 31.8% 11.14m 32 2000 30; 2005 34; 2010 34
France 16,759* 1/4/14 26.1% 64.13m* 26 2000 29; 2005 32; 2010 24
*(Metropolitan France, excluding departments and territories in Africa, the Americas and Oceania.)
Germany 11,271 30/11/13 18.0% 80.70m 14 2000 22; 2005 19; 2010 13
Liechtenstein* 2 11/13 28.6% 36,800 5 2002 21; 2006 11; 2010 20
*(By agreement with Austria, some persons imprisoned by Liechtenstein are held in Austrian prisons.)
Luxembourg 298 1/9/13 41.6% 546,700 55 2000 41; 2005 60; 2010 60
Monaco* 30 1/9/12 73.2% 36,000 83 2000 26; 2005 57; 2010 8
*(By agreement with France, some persons imprisoned by Monaco are held in French prisons.)
Netherlands 5,406 30/9/12 47.3% 16.79m 32 2000 27; 2005 38; 2010 34
Switzerland 2,870 4/9/13 40.6% 8.10m 35 2000 33; 2005 32; 2010 32
Europe/Asia
Armenia 1,167 24/5/13 24.5% 2.98m 39 2001 25; 2005 24; 2010 45
Azerbaijan 3,493 7/13 17.7% 9.42m 37 2002 28; 2006 28; 2010 30
Georgia 1,781 31/3/14 18.0% 4.50m 40 2000 57; 2005 117; 2010 61
Russian Federation 115,600 1/4/14 17.1% 143.7m 80 2000 160; 2005 113; 2010 83
Turkey 48,242 1/9/12 40.1% 75.39m 64 2000 44; 2005 42; 2010 77
6
World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)
Table 4 cont. EUROPE Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information
in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand
remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate)
imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n)
Central and Eastern Europe
Belarus 5,800 1/10/12 18.2% 9.45m 61 2000 106; 2005 77; 2009 65
Bulgaria 2,351 1/1/12 21.1% 7.33m 32 2000 26; 2005 26; 2010 26
Czech Republic 2,144 31/3/14 12.5% 10.53m 20 2000 58; 2005 28; 2010 24
Hungary 5,247 30/9/13 28.8% 9.90m 53 2000 40; 2005 39; 2010 48
Moldova 1,260* 1/10/13 18.9% 3.56m* 35 2000 89; 2005 61; 2010 29
*(Does not include the internationally unrecognized Transnistria.)
Poland 6,977 31/3/14 8.6% 38.53m 18 2000 58; 2005 35; 2010 22
Romania 2,521 31/3/14 9.3% 19.93m 13 2000 48; 2005 25; 2010 22
Slovakia 1,513 31/3/14 14.9% 5.42m 28 2000 35; 2005 53; 2010 27
Ukraine 21,111 1/4/14 17.3% 45.13m 54 2000 90; 2005 82; 2010 83
Table 5 OCEANIA Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information
in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand
remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate)
imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n)
Australia 7,375 30/6/13 24.0% 23.15m 32 2000 20; 2005 25; 2010 29
Fiji 344 9/13 22.5% 890,000 39 2000 8; 2005 12; 2010 35
Kiribati 13 6/9/13 9.2% 102,300 13 2000 8; 2005 2; 2010 4
Marshall Is. 2 9/13 5.6% 53,000 4 2010 8
Micronesia (Fed States of) 20 31/12/13 18.7% 104,000 19 not available
Nauru 5 31/12/10 25.0% 10,000 50 2005 0
New Zealand 1,555 31/12/13 18.9% 4.49m 35 2000 19; 2005 27; 2010 44
Palau 4 30/4/05 4.1% 20,000 20 not available
Papua New Guinea 1,229 31/12/13 31.8% 7.40m 17 2000 26; 2005 21; 2009 39
Samoa 26 26/9/07 14.0% 182,500 14 2003 11
Solomon Is. 106 7/10/13 32.5% 584,000 18 1999 11; 2005 22; 2010 18
Tonga 3 31/12/11 1.9% 105,000 3 2002 4; 2005 3; 2009 1
Tuvalu 0 9/13 0% 10,000 0 2005 0; 2010 10
Vanuatu 24 31/12/12 12.4% 255,000 9 2002 3; 2005 12; 2010 17
American Samoa (US) 33 31/12/05 14.9% 59,000 56 not available
Cook Is. (NZ) 1 21/11/11 4.0% 20,000 5 2000 11; 2005 5
French Polynesia (France) 90 3/12 21.4% 276,000 33 not available
Guam (US) 449 4/6/13 64.5% 165,000 272 2005 108; 2011 222
Figures not available New Caledonia (France), Northern Mariana Is. (US).
Sources The figures in the above tables originate almost always from the national prison administration or the
Ministry responsible for prisons. Some were obtained indirectly, via national statistical offices, via United Nations
surveys, via surveys for the annual meetings of the Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators,
via the Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics (SPACE) and via U.S. State Department human rights reports.
Roy Walmsley is a consultant to the United Nations and an Associate of the International Centre for Prison Studies
(ICPS). At ICPS he is director of the World Prison Brief, a comprehensive online database of information on the prison
systems of the world, which is available free of charge at www.prisonstudies.org
He also researches and compiles the World Prison Population List (tenth edition, 2013) and the World Female
Imprisonment List (second edition, 2012), which are also published by the International Centre for Prison Studies.
International Centre for Prison Studies
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Telephone +44 (0)20 3667 7883
Website www.prisonstudies.org
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