World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of...
90
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires, the Sunn-Shi’ite schism, the scientific and technological achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as both a religious and political institution. 1. Intro Questions 2. Notes 3. Read Chapter 6 Section 1 on pages 191- 194 4. GRA 6-1
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and
explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the
Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires,
the Sunn-Shiite schism, the scientific and technological
achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as
both a religious and political institution. 1. Intro Questions 2.
Notes 3. Read Chapter 6 Section 1 on pages 191-194 4. GRA 6-1
Slide 2
Intro Questions True or False 1______ Before Islam, most Arabs
were polytheistic 2._____ Muhammad believed that Jesus and Moses
revealed truths about Allah 3._____ Sheikhs were selected by
tribesmen 4._____ According to Islam, Allah spoke to Muhammad
through the angel Gabriel 5._____ Muhammad was a purely religious
leader
Slide 3
Intro Questions True or False 1. True Before Islam, most Arabs
were polytheistic 2. True Muhammad believed that Jesus and Moses
revealed truths about Allah 3. False Sheikhs were selected by
tribesmen by a council of elders 4. True According to Islam, Allah
spoke to Muhammad through the angle Gabriel 5. False Muhammad was a
purely religious and political leader
Slide 4
The Rise of Islam I. The Arabs A. Like the Hebrews and
Assyrians the Arabs were a Semitic-speaking people that lived on
the Arabian Peninsula, a desert land lacking in lakes rivers and
nomads The Arabs were nomads who moved constantly to find food and
water for themselves and their animals
Slide 5
B. Survival in this area of the world was difficult and the
Arabs organized into tribes to help one another. Each tribe was
ruled by a SHEIKH who was selected from one of the leading families
or a council of elders
Slide 6
C. Early on the Arabs were polytheistic, believing in many
gods. The Arabs trace their ancestors to Abraham who is believed to
have built a house of worship in Mecca (Makkah) called the
Kaaba
Slide 7
C. The domestication of the camel in 1000 BC led to the
expansion of the Arabs throughout the region. The Arabs developed
trade by using caravans and developed towns along the Silk
Road
Slide 8
II. The Life of Muhammad A. Muhammad was born in a merchant
family in Makkah. He was orphaned early. He became a caravan
manager and married his employer a rich widow, Khadija, B. Although
he was wealthy, successful, he became trouble by the growing gap in
his society between Rich and Poor.
Slide 9
C. He went to mediate in the mountains. While there he believed
the angel Gabriel revealed messages from God D. He came to believe
that Allah ( God) had revealed himself to Moses and Jesus, but the
final revelations where made to him
Slide 10
E. The Quran contains the revelations to Muhammad. The Quran
contains the ethnical guidelines of Islam ( the faith ) to Muslims
( followers), 1. Islam means submission to the will of God 2.
Muslims means those that submit
Slide 11
The city of Madinah ( Medina ) F. Muhammad set out to convince
people that his revelations were true, but he had only 30 followers
after 3 years. G. Fearing death, Muhammad and his followers went to
the city of Madinah. This journey is called the Hijrah in 622 (
year 1 of the Muslim calendar)
Slide 12
The Tomb of Mohammad H. In 630, Muhammad returned to Makkah
with ten thousand soldiers. The City surrendered and most converted
to Islam I. Muhammad destroyed idols and declared the Kaaba, a
sacred shrine of Islam J. Muhammad died in 632
Slide 13
III. The Teachings of Muhammad A. Like Christianity and
Judaism, Islam is monotheistic (believing in 1 god) B. Allah is the
all powerful being that created the universe and everything in it
C. Islam emphasizes salvation and offers the hope of an afterlife
On the Saudi Arabian Flag it is says there is no God, but God and
Muhammad is his prophet
Slide 14
D. Muslims are instructed to follow the Five Pillars of Islam
1. Belief That there is one God and Muhammad is his messenger 2.
Prayer Five times a day 3. Charity Giving to the poor 4. Fasting No
food or drink during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage Make at least 1 trip to
Mecca
Slide 15
E. Muslims developed a code known as SHARIAH 1. A set of laws
to regulate daily life a. Family b. Business c. Government d. Moral
Conduct 2.Muslims may also not a. gamble b. eat pork c. drink
alcohol d. Be dishonest 3.Shariah does not separate religious law
from political law
Slide 16
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and
explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the
Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires,
the Sunn-Shiite schism, the scientific and technological
achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as
both a religious and political institution. 1. Intro Questions 2.
Notes 3. Check GRA 6-1 4. Quiz on Chapter 6-1 on pages 191-194 5.
Read Chapter 6 Section 2 6. GRA 6-2
Slide 17
Intro Questions True or False 1. ______ Muslims believe in many
gods, the most powerful is Allah 2. ______ Muslims believe that
salvation ( going to Heaven ) is possible 3. ______ One of the five
Pillars of Islam is not eating Pork 4. _____ SHARIAH is the leader
of a Muslim Community 5. _____ Muslims believe that Jesus was a
prophet
Slide 18
Intro Questions True or False 1. False Muslims believe in many
gods, the most powerful is Allah only one God, Allah 2. True
Muslims believe that salvation ( going to Heaven ) is possible 3.
False One of the five Pillars of Islam is not eating Pork 4. False
SHARIAH is the leader of a Muslim Community is Islamic law 5. True
Muslims believe that Jesus was a prophet, but not the Savior or the
Christ
Slide 19
I. Creation of an Arab Empire A. Muhammads death left his
followers with a problem of succession. He had no sons and his
daughters could not led in male dominated society. Some of
Muhammad's closest followers chose Abu Bakr, Muhammads father in
law. He was named Caliph (successor too Muhammad)
Slide 20
B. Islam grew under Abu Bakr. To spread the movement Abu Bakr
took part in Jihad ( struggle in the way of God) 1. by 650 Syria
and the Persian empire were part of the Arab empire
Slide 21
C. The Arabs were fierce fighters led by brilliant Generals.
Military courage was enhanced by the Belief that a warrior killed
in battle was assured a place in paradise
Slide 22
D. The first two caliphs to rule after Abu Bakrs death were
assassinated. In 656 Muhammads son in law, Ali, became caliph. He
was assassinated after 5 years
Slide 23
E. Arab Administrators were tolerant in their conquered
territories. No one was forced to convert to Islam, but non Muslims
had to pay a special tax and had to vow not to rebel against Muslim
rule
Slide 24
The Rock of the dome built by the Umayyad Caliphate II. The
Umayyads A. In 661, the General Muawiyah became Caliph. 1. He used
forced only when necessary 2. He made the title of Caliph heredity
3. He moved the capital to Damascus, Syria
Slide 25
B. In the 8 th Century, Arabs conquered and converted the
Berbers of Northern Africa. 1. A combine Army of Arabs and Berbers
attacked ( in 710) and conquered ( in 725) Spain 2. In 732, the
Muslims lost the Battle of Tours and failed to Conquer France 3. In
717, Muslims attacked Constantinople but their navy was
defeated
Slide 26
C. Internal struggles threatened the Stability of the Empire.
Revolts broke out, the most important was led by Hussein, second
son of Ali. In 680, he battled Umayyad rule 1. He had 72 warriors
against 10,000 Umayyad soldiers. He lost
Slide 27
D. This struggle caused a permanent split in Islam 1. Shiite -
followers of the descendants of Ali 2. Sunni followers of the
Umayyad dynasty. 3. Most Muslims are Sunni, but Shiites are in
large numbers in Iran and Iraq
Slide 28
III. The Abbasid Dynasty A. Because of Favoritism toward Arabs
and Umayyad corruption, resentment against Umayyad rule grew. In
750, Abu al-Abbas overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and founded the
Abbasid dynasty which lasted until 1258
Slide 29
B. In 762, the Abbasids built a new capital at Baghdad on the
Tigris River. This location took advantage of the river and caravan
trade routes. The move gave the empire a new cultural outlook; 1.
Judges, merchants and government officials were the heroes, ( not
warriors) 2. All Muslims ( not just Arabs ) could hold military and
political office
Slide 30
C. the reign of Harun al- Rashid was considered their golden
Age. He was known for his charity and patronage of the arts. His
son al- Mamun supported astronomical investigations and created a
foundation for translating Greek works into Arabic 1. Baghdad
became a center of a huge trading empire.
Slide 31
D. The Decline of the Abbasid dynasty began when Harun
al-Rushids two sons destroyed much of Baghdad in fight of
succession. 1. Wealth led to corruption 2. Persians and Turks began
to moved away from the Empire. 3. Spain established it own
Caliphate 4. Egypt established a caliphate and set it capital in
Cairo
Slide 32
Answers GRA 6-1 1. What language did the Arabs speak and where
did they ? Arabs were semitic speaking people in the Arabian
peninsula 2. How were Arabian tribes rule and how were the rulers
selected ?Each tribe was ruled by a shiekd who was chosen formone
of the leading families by a council of elders 3. What
accomplishment made it possible for the Arabs to begin to take part
ion the caravan trade ? The Camel 4. What object became the
principal object of worship among the Arabs? All tribes worshipped
a black meteorite placed in the Kaaba in the city of Makkah 5. As
Muhammad grew to manhood, what did he find troubling within his
culture ? He becaem troubled by the Gap between the simple Bedouins
and the greediness of the trading elites 6. What do Muslims believe
was given to Muhammad while he mediated alone in the hills ?
Muslims believe Muahmmad received revelations from God through the
angel Gabriel
Slide 33
Answers to GRA 6-1 cont. 7. What written document resulted from
Muhammad's revelations from Allah ? The Quran 8. Define Hijrah. The
Hijrah was the journey of Muhammad and his followers to the city of
Madinah 9. What are three similarities between Islam, Christianity
and Judaism ? A. Monotheism ( one god), B. Salvation C. the
necessity of submitting to the will of God 10. What is the
difference between Islam and Christianity? Muslims do not believe
that Jesus was the savior 11. Name the five Pillars of Islam. 1.
Belief 2. Prayer 3. giving to the poor (alms ) 4. Fasting 5. hajj (
trip to Makkah )
Slide 34
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and
explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the
Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires,
the Sunn-Shiite schism, the scientific and technological
achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as
both a religious and political institution. 1. Intro Questions 2.
Notes 3. Check GRA 6-2 4. Quiz Chapter 6 Section 2on pages 191-194
5. Read Chapter 6 Section 3 on pages 6. GRA 6- 3
Slide 35
Intro Questions True or False 1. ___ from the 8 th Century on,
the three most important Muslim cities were Makkah, Medinah, and
Tehran 2. ___ a Bazaar was a covered marketplace that a vital part
of every Muslim city 3. ___ Most people of the Arab Empire were
merchants and they largely lived in cities 4. ___ Slavery was
forbidden by the Quran 5. ____ the Quran granted women spiritual
equality with men
Slide 36
Intro Questions True or False 1. False from the 8 th Century
on, the three most important Muslim cities were Makkah, Medinah,
and Tehran Cairo, Baghdad and Damascus 2. True a Bazaar was a
covered marketplace that a vital part of every Muslim city 3. False
Most people of the Arab Empire were merchants and they largely
lived in cities Farmers and Herders 4. False Slavery was forbidden
by the Quran Slavery was widespread in the Empire, but Muslims
could not enslave other Muslims 5. True the Quran granted women
spiritual equality with men, but women could not won or inherit
property
Slide 37
I. Prosperity in the Islamic World A. The period of the Arab
empire generally was prosperous Much of it was based on the
extensive trade by ship and camel. Camel Caravans went from Morocco
to countries beyond the Caspian Sea
Slide 38
B. Trade began to prosper around 750 under the Abbasid Dynasty.
1.Gold and Slaves came from south of the Sahara, 2. gold and ivory
from East Africa, 3.India contributed sandalwood, spices, and
textiles. 4.China contributed silk and porcelain. 5. Egypt provided
grain 6. Iraq produced linens, dates and jewels,. Banking and
coinage developed which made exchanges easier
Slide 39
C. Large magnificent cities came to prominence, Baghdad under
the Abbasids and Cairo under the Fatimids. These and Damascus were
administrative, Cultural and economic centers of the region,
Islamic cities generally surpassed the cities of the ;largely rural
Europe of the time. The Islamic city of Cordoba in Spain was
Europes greatest city after Constantinople
Slide 40
D. Islamic cities had their own physical appearance. The
palaces and mosques were the most impressive buildings. They had
public buildings with fountains, public baths, and marketplaces (
bazaars ). The Bazaar ( covered market) was a vital part of every
Muslim city or town. Inspectors guaranteed the quality of goods.
Bazaar also had craftspeople and offered services such as
laundries
Slide 41
E. Although the Arab Empire was urban for its time, most people
farmed or herded. Early in the empire, free peasants owned most of
the farmland. The wealthy landowners amassed large estates in
certain areas of the empire. The free peasant farmers along the
Nile farmed the way their ancestors had
Slide 42
II. Islamic Society A. Muslims live their lives in accordance
with Allahs teachings as revealed in the Quran, which was completed
in 635 B. Islam claims that all people are equal in the eyes of
Allah. Such was not always the case in the Arab Empire, however.
For example, it had a well defined upper class of ruling families,
wealthy merchants ad other elites
Slide 43
C. One group clearly not considered equal was slaves. Slavery
was widespread in the Arab empire. Because Muslims could not be
slaves, most of the slaves came from Africa or Asia. Many were
captives of war. Slaves often served as soldiers. Many of these
were eventually freed and some exercised power. Women slaves were
often domestic servants. Islamic law said to treat slaves fairly,
and setting slaves free was considered a good act
Slide 44
D. The Quran granted women spiritual and social equality with
men and women could not own and inherit property. Nevertheless. Men
dominated in the Arab Empire, Every women had a male guardian.
Women were secluded at home and kept from social contacts with men
outside their families
Slide 45
E. Parents or Guardians arranged marriages fore their children.
Muslim men could have up to four wives. But most had fewer because
of having to pay a dowry to the brides. Only the wealthy could
afford multiple dowries. Although women had a right to divorce, in
practice the right was extended only to men. Women covered much of
their bodies when appearing in public, a custom that continues in
many Islamic societies today. This custom however, owes more to
traditional Arab practice than to the Quran
Slide 46
F. Despite these restrictions, the position of women in Islamic
society was an improvement over earlier times when women had often
been treated like slaves
Slide 47
Answers to GRA 6-2 False 1. Muhammad left clear instructions as
to who would succeed him at death Muhammad had never named a
successor and had no living sons True 2. Raiding ones enemies was
known in the Quran as the struggle in the way of God or jihad False
3. the courage of the Arab soldiers was enhanced by the fact that
they had superior weapons to most of their enemies Their courage
was enhanced by the belief in salvation False 4. The General
Muawiyah was known for one outstanding trait he used more force
than necessary whether it was needed or not He was known for only
using force when absolutely necessary True 5. Muawiyah moved the
capital of the Arab empire from Madinah to Damascus False 6. Arab
Expansion in Europe came to a halt because of Geographical barriers
that stood in the way of advancing Arab armies Arab Expansion was
halted at the Battle of Tours True 7. The Shiite Muslims accept
only the Descendants of Ali as the True leader of Islam, while the
Sunni Muslims claim the descendants of the Umayyads were the true
caliphs True 8. in 1187 Saladins Army invaded the kingdom of
Jerusalem and destroyed Christian forces there True 9. As a result
of the Mongol Destruction of Baghdad, the new center of Islamic
civilization became Cairo, Egypt
Slide 48
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and
explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the
Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires,
the Sunn-Shiite schism, the scientific and technological
achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as
both a religious and political institution. 1. Intro Questions 2.
Notes 3. Check GRA 6-3 4. Quiz Chapter 6 Section 3 on pages 191-194
5. Read Chapter 6 Section 4 on pages 6. GRA 6- 4
Slide 49
Intro Questions True or False 1_____ Arabs did not value the
work of ancient Greeks, because they were not Muslims 2. ___ Arabic
Numbers (example 1, 2, 3 ) were invented by the Arabs 3.____
Medical encyclopedias created by the Arabs were used in European
Medical schools 4.____ Arabs consider the Rubaiyat to be it
greatest Arab literary work 5.____ There are many images and
paintings of Muhammad
Slide 50
Intro Questions True or False 1. False Arabs did not value the
work of ancient Greeks, because they were not Muslims. Translated
much of the ancient Greek writings into Arabic 2. False Arabic
Numbers (example 1, 2, 3 ) were invented by the Arabs Indians 3.
True Medical encyclopedias created by the Arabs were used in
European Medical schools 4. False Arabs consider the Rubaiyat the
Quran to be it greatest Arab literary work 5. False There are many
no images and paintings of Muhammad
Slide 51
I. Preservation of Knowledge and Philosophy, Science and
History A. During the first few centuries of the Arab Empire, Arab
scholars read and translated into Arabic works by Plato and
Aristotle. The translations were put into a library in Baghdad
called the House of Wisdom. Mathematics text were brought from
India
Slide 52
B. Papermaking was introduced from China, which aided this
Arabs in translating and storing Greek and Roman writings. Paper
factories were established in Baghdad. Booksellers and libraries
followed
Slide 53
C. Europeans recovered the works of Aristotle and the Greek
philosophers thought the Muslim world. When Aristotle s work made
it to Europe, they were accompanied by brilliant commentaries by
Arab scholars. One of the most important scholars was Ibn-Rushd.
Who wrote commentaries on almost all of Aristotle Works
Slide 54
D. Islamic scholars also made contributions to mathematics and
the natural sciences. They gave shape to algebra and passed on
Indias numerical systems known as Arabic in Europe. Baghdad had an
observatory where scientists studied and named many stars. Muslims
also perfected the Astrolabe, used by sailors to determine their
location by observing the position of stars and planets. This
instrument enabled Europeans to sail to the Americas
Slide 55
E. Muslims also developed medicine as a field of study. The
famous philosopher and scientist Ibn Sina wrote a medical
encyclopedia and showed how unsanitary conditions could spread
contagious diseases. His medical works, translated into Latin, were
standard in medieval European universities
Slide 56
F. Arabic Scholars helped European intellectual life develop in
the 12 th and 13 th centuries, laying the basis for the
Renaissance
Slide 57
G. In his Muqaddimah ( Introduction to History ), the Muslim
historian Ibn-Khaldun argued that history was cyclical, going
through regular cycles of birth, growth, and decay. He tried to
understand the political and social factors that determine the
changes in history
Slide 58
II. Arab Literature A. Muslims believed the Quran was their
greatest work of literature, but pre-Islamic forms continued to be
used. One of the most familiar works of Middle eastern literature
is the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, who was a poet, astronomer and
mathematician. He composed his poems orally. In his work he
wondered about the meaning of life when life was so transitory
Slide 59
B. Another important work of Arabic Literature is the Arabian
Nights also called the 1001 Nights.. It is a collection of
folktales, fables and romances that combine the natural and
supernatural. The stories were first told orally, and then written
down over many years, the story of Aladdin was added in the 18 th
Century
Slide 60
III Art and Architecture A. Islamic art blends the
Arabic,Turkish and Persian traditions. It highest expression is
found in the mosques which represent Islam's spirit
Slide 61
B. The Great Mosque of Samarra was the worlds largest mosque at
the time it was built. In present day Iraq, it covers 10 acres. It
minaret is famous, the Minaret is the tower from which the crier or
Muezzin, calls the faithful to prayer five times a day. The Minaret
of Samarra is nearly 90 feet high with an impressive unusual spiral
staircase
Slide 62
C. Palaces also reflected the glory of Islam. They were
designed around the central courtyard surrounded by high arches and
massive gate towers. They also served as fortresses. A gallery over
the entrance had holes for pouring boiling oil on attackers,. The
feature became part of European castles The Alhambra in Granada
Spain is the fines Islamic palace. Every inch of its surface is
decorated in floral And abstract patterns, some done in such detail
they look the lace
Slide 63
D. Most decorations on Islamic Art are of repeated Arabic,
letters, plants and abstract figures. These geometric patterns are
called Arabesques. They cover an objects surface completely
Slide 64
E. No representation of Muhammad is in any Islamic Art. The
hadith an early collection of the prophets sayings, warns against
imitating god, by creating pictures of living things, From early
on, therefore no representation of a living appears on Islamic
religious art
Slide 65
Answers to 6-3 For the most part, the period of the Arab
empires was (1) Prosperous. Trade was carried both by ship and by
(2) Camel caravans, which traveled from Morocco in the far west to
the countries beyond the Caspian sea. The development of (3)
Banking and the use of (4) coins made it easier to exchange goods.
(5) Baghdad, (6) Cairo and (7) Damscus were centers of
Administrative cultural and economic activity for their regions.
Usually the most impressive urban buildings were the (8) palaces
for the caliphs and the great (9) mosques for worship. Rules for
the sale of meat in the market stated, Grilled meats shoud only be
made with (10) Fresh meat and not with meat coming from a sick
animal and bought for its cheapness
Slide 66
Answers to 6-3 cont. To be a Muslims is not simple to worship
Allah but also to live ones life according to Allah's teachings as
revealed in the (11) Quran. According to Islam, all people are
equal in the eyes of Allah except one ; (12) Slaves were not
considered equal. Slavery was (13) widespread in the Islamic world.
The Quran granted women (14) spiritual and (15) Social equality
with men. Both had (16) duties and (17) responsibilities. Most men
had one wife because the men were required to pay (18) a dowry to
their bride. Women had the right to freely enter into marriage, but
they also had the right of (19) divorce
Slide 67
World History 1 The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and
explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the
Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires,
the Sunn-Shiite schism, the scientific and technological
achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as
both a religious and political institution. 1. Time Line 2. Check
GRA 6-4 3. Quiz Chapter 6 Section 4 on pages 4. Begin Review for
Test
Slide 68
A.D. 570 Birth of Muhammad
Slide 69
A.D. 610 Muhammads first revelation
Slide 70
A.D. 622 Hirah to Yathrib
Slide 71
A.D. Muhammad returns to Makkah
Slide 72
A.D. 632 Muhammad dies
Slide 73
A.D. 650 Arabs conquer the Persian empire
Slide 74
A.D. 661 Umayyads establish Islamic Empire
Slide 75
A.D. 680 Hussein revolts against Umayyad Rule
Slide 76
A.D. 732 Battle of Tours
Slide 77
A.D. 750 Defeat of the Umayyad s, beginning of the Abbasid
Dynasty
Slide 78
A.D.762 Abbasids move their capital to Baghdad
Slide 79
A.D. 848-852 Great Mosque of Samarra is built
Slide 80
Answers to time line 1. in A.D 762, Baghdad became the news
capital for the Abbasid Dynasty 2. Muhammad returned to Makkah in
A.D. 630 3. the Battle of Tours took place in A.D. 732 4. What
event took place exactly s century before the Battle of Tours ? The
Death of Muhammad 5. the Hijrah took place in A.D. 622 6. the
Umayyad dynasty ended in A.D. 750 7. Muhammad had his first
reveletion in A.D. 610 8. the Great Mosque of Samarra was built in
A.d. 848- 852 9. the Persian Empire was conquered in A.d. 650 10.
Hussein revolted against Umayyad rule in A.D. 680
Slide 81
Answers to 6-4 1.Arabs were not only aware of Greek Philosophy,
they were translating works by Plato and Aristotle into Arabic 2.
The Muslims adopted and passed on the Numerical system of India,
including the use of the zero. 3. They also perfected the
Astrolabe, an instrument the that made it possible foe Europeans to
sail to the Americas 4. Ibn-Khaldun, who lived in the fourteenth
century, was the most prominent Muslim Historian of the age 5. One
of the most familiar works of the middle Eastern Literature is the
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Slide 82
Answers to 6-4 cont. 6. The Great Mosque of Samarra in
present-day Iraq was the worlds largest mosque at the time it was
built covering 10 acres 7. Because the Muslim religion combines
spiritual and political power in one, palaces also reflected the
glory of Islam 8. One feature of these places that looked like
castles was a gallery over the entrance gate with holes through
which Boiling oil could be poured down on the heads of attacking
forces 9. The finest example of the Islamic palace is the
fourteenth century Alhambra in Spain 10. No representation of the
Prophet Muhammad ever adorns a mosque in painting or in any other
art form