World GeographySemester Review

Spring 2009

#1

Because of the Industrial Revolution, Europe transformed from agricultural society to one with a reliance on industry.

#2

What happened to European cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

They grew larger in size. (Illness, pollution, and overcrowding also increased.)

#3

Why was the European Union (EU) created?

To give Europe a single market

#4

What advantages to the continent does the European River system provide?

They provide ways of travel/ transportation and a trade system.

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#5

Nickname for the Bubonic Plague is BLACK PLAGUE or BLACK DEATH

Nose filled with posies - To mask the smell of death and to “protect” doctors from getting ill Spread along trade routes

#6

What two countries make up the Iberian Peninsula?

Spain and Portugal

Iberian Peninsula controls access to the Mediterranean Sea

#7

Why did Britain depend on colonial trade for many resources?

Resources needed to further industrialization and increase the size of the British Empire were abundant in the colonies.

#8

What countries make up the Scandinavian Peninsula?

Norway, Sweden, northern Finland

#9

Who built the Berlin Wall? Why? East Germany (supported by Communist

USSR), to keep the East Berliners from escaping to free West Berlin

Post WWII After the fall of the Soviet Union

#10

What country in the 1990s saw warfare between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims?

Yugoslavia

#11

Why is the Aral Sea shrinking? People are redirecting massive

amounts of water from the two rivers that feed into the Aral Sea, the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya Rivers, for irrigation.

#12

Which mountain range divides the continents of Europe and Asia?

Ural Mountains

#13

What environmental disaster happened in 1986 in the Ukraine and what was the impact?

Chernobyl explosion/radiation poison caused and still causes great illness there today

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#14

Why do Russian architects use onion domes?

Heavy snow does not stay on them, which is important for the cold, snowy winters there.

#15

How and why did the Soviet Union come to an end?

Gorbechev began to give the Soviet people more freedoms which led to the collapse and 15 independent republics formed from it.

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/rugif/rufrmusr.gif

#16

What is the taiga and where is it located?

Vast coniferous forest region in Russia’s Siberian region

#17

Why was Europe the birthplace of modern industry?

Europe has iron and coal reserves, both important to the industrialized society.

#18 What English document greatly

influenced the Declaration of Independence? How did it impact the Declaration?

English Bill of Rights – The same ideas are included in the Declaration of Independence

#19

Why do European countries need to import many foreign workers today?

They have lost many of their working-aged people in civil and world wars.

#20

Why does Western Europe have a relatively mild climate?

North Atlantic Drift brings warm ocean currents and makes it warmer there.

#21 In the former Soviet

Union’s command economy, industry was controlled by whom? Of the three economic systems (market, command, traditional), how was the Soviet Union’s system characterized?

controlled by central government, and it was a command economy

One brand: price setby government, who tells you what you need, how many and why

#22

What is happening to the Sahel region in Africa and why?

It is drying out from nomadic herding in West Africa.

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http://www.un.org/radio/photo/desertification.gif

#23 Why do you think

Africa’s abundance of natural resources has not translated into economic wealth for most of its population?

Europe’s colonization of Africa in the 1800s – most of the resources were taken for Europeans, and then Africa was left to fend for themselves – exploitation of the people and the resources.

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/g101ilec/ssa/afh/afcol/afcolfr.htm

#24

What is desertification? Where are some of the examples in which this is happening?

The process by which arable land turns to desert: West Africa in the Sahel, Madagascar due to slash and burn farming, the “Dust Bowl” region of the United States in the 1930s, and in China

http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/1001/Summer_Session/Desertification.jpg

#25 What is the purpose of the

Aswan High Dam in Egypt? What are some of the problems created by this dam?

Gives farmers in Egypt and the Sudan a ready supply of irrigation water, which allows them 2 or 3 harvests instead of just one. Problems include the relocation of people during construction, which changed their way of life. Temples were moved or lost under the newly formed Lake Nasser. It also decreased the fertility of the soil around the Nile.

http://carbon.cudenver.edu/stc-link/aswan04/images/highaswan.jpg

#26

How did the Berlin Conference change Africa?

Strengthened European rule in the region, set African groups against each other, split apart similar language and ethnic groups.

Led by King Leopold IIof Belgium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Leopold_ii_garter_knight.jpg

#27 How has AIDS affected the population in Southern

Africa? In 2000, 26 million African people live with

AIDS. 2.4 million of the 3 million who died of AIDS that year were from sub-Saharan Africa. 3 out of 4 deaths in Swaziland are attributed to AIDS. Life expectancies have dropped significantly.

#28

From which regions in Africa did most of the American slaves originate? Why?

The western part, which was on the trade route between Europe and the Americas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_trade

#29

How has European colonization affected Africa?

It has led to many of the political violence and ethnic conflicts that exist today.

#30

What are some economic problems African countries face today? What caused these problems?

African problems today Cause of problems

Famine, disease, war Lack of attention by rest of the developed world

#31

Why was the desalinization process developed in SW Asia?

This transformation of sea water to fresh water was developed because of limited water resources.

#32

There is no #32!! Skip it

#33 What are some reasons that the majority of

people in Russia live west of the Ural Mountains?

Trade with European countries, resources, climate

#34 What is the purpose of OPEC? Most oil is located in the Persian Gulf countries

in the Middle East. OPEC was started to give the countries group strength in setting prices and controlling production of oil

#35

How did the creation of the nation of Israel increase tension in the region?

Land was taken from Palestinians and given to Israel

#36 What areas did Israel occupy

after the 6 Day war in 1967? Israel gained the Sinai

Peninsula

#37

Why is the control of the Strait of Hormuz important in the Middle East?

Whoever controls the Strait of Hormuz controls entrance to the Persian Gulf, where all the oil is.

#38

What was the Silk Road and why was it important?

Trade route from China to the Western World – major reason for cultural diffusion

The Silk Road extending from Southern Europe through Arabia, Egypt, Persia, India till it reaches China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silk_Route

#39

What has rapid population growth in cites in Asia done to their infrastructure?

Inadequate water supply, lack of sanitary facilities, overcrowded neighborhoods

#40

What affect do monsoons have on South Asia?

Summer monsoons bring heavy rains that may wipe out crops. Winter monsoons bring dry air that may cause drought

Summer and Winter Monsoons

Summer Winter

http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/circulation/regional_scale_wind.htm

#41

What river in India is considered sacred to all Hindus? Why?

The Ganges, where they drink, bathe, scatter the ashes of their dead, etc. They believe it brings life to its people. It means Mother Ganga.

http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html

#42

What are some issues that rapid urbanization has caused in South Asia?

Inadequate water supply, lack of sanitary facilities, overcrowded neighborhoods

#43 What type of plate

movement created the Himalayas? Describe the process.

Subduction - as plates move towards each other, the opposing force between them is so great that the massive folding or the bending of rocks also occurs at the edges of the less dense plate.  A range of fold mountains, such as the Himalayas, is formed.

http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/platetectonics/5.php

#44 What tactic did Gandhi and his

followers use to obtain their independence in India from the British Empire? Explain how they used the tactics.

They used nonviolent resistance - practice of achieving socio-political goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi

#45

What is the Ring of Fire and where is it located?

Series of highly volcanic, geologic hotspots in the Pacific Ocean

#46 What are some pros and cons to the Three

Gorges Dam project in China?

Pros ConsGenerate electricity Destruction of area wildlife

habitats

Flood control People will be forced to move – change of resource location

Allow ships to navigate further into China $ - will cost more than originally planned

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5000092.stm

#47

Why do some rural families in China oppose the government’s “One Child Policy”?

Rural families have farms, and they need more than one child to help with the farming.

http://beifan.com/021jinao/21syn-boys.jpg

#48

What are 3 major religions in China? Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism

#49

Why is Taiwan considered an “Economic Tiger”?

Cheap labor, advanced technology, aggressive exportation

major industries entrepreneurial initiative

#50 Why was the

Great Wall of China built? When was it built? What are the characteristics?

To keep the Mongolians out; begun during Qin Dynasty – 220 BC

http://www.flickr.com/photos/42304632@N00/72834835

#51

Hip hop music being popular in Japan is an example of what?

Cultural Diffusion

http://web.mit.edu/mna/Public/japanesehiphop.jpg

#52

How has over-population of the world affected animal habitats?

They are being destroyed to make more room for humans.

http://bestfunnypictures.blogspot.com/

#53

What aspects of being an island nation are helpful or harmful to Japan’s development?

Helpful – strong, independent culture Harmful – isolated from the rest of

the world

#54

What country in Asia has a command economy?

China, North Korea, Mongolia

#55

What are some of the major contributions from China?

Paper, gun powder, compass, printing press

#56

What part of Australia has the highest population density? Why?

Southeastern coast – marine west coast climate, mild summers/cool winters

                  

 

                  

 

http://travel.webshots.com/photo/2994402080033174829RHwZjs

#57

Why was Australia first established as a colony by the British?

It’s where the British sent their convicts. The prisons were overcrowded.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wufgaeng/100396134/

Port Arthur Penal Colony

#58

Describe the first inhabitants of Australia?

Aborigines originally from SE Asia, arrived 40,000 to 60,000 years ago

http://www.flickr.com/photos/9teen87/503966565/

#59

What was the result of the Land Rights Act of 1976 in Australia?

It gave the Aborigines land in the Northern Territory

http://ww

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#60 Why is global

warming particularly dangerous to islands in Oceania?

If the ice caps continue to melt, the sea level will rise, and the low-lying islands will disappear

http://www.flickr.com/photos/babau/427005988/

#61

What island in the Pacific did the US test atomic bombs? Why was this island chosen?

Bikini Atoll – US didn’t want to endanger its own citizens, and it was far from regular shipping and air travel routes

http://www.bikiniatoll.com/

#62

What are atolls? Low islands that

are formed when coral reefs build on the rims of submerged volcanoes

http://www.bergoiata.org/fe/Oceans-Beaches-Seas/Atoll.jpg

#63

What releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? What is the result of this emission?

Burning of fossil fuels – greenhouse effect, traps the heat from the sun

http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm

#64 What is causing a

hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica? What are solutions?

CFCs have release chemicals that increase the hole in the ozone layer – reduce the use of or stop using these chemicals http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/pics23/antarcticozone.jpg

#65

Why is Antarctica considered a polar desert?

It has very little precipitation.

Overall Antarctic snowfall hasn't changed in 50 years

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#66

Define stateless nation. A nation of people that does not have a

territory to legally occupy, like the Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques.

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/nwgif/nwkurds.gif

#67

Define strategic commodity

A resource so valuable that a nation will go to war to ensure its steady supply

Roman Empire, 100 CE

Based on the map, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the trade routes illustrated above?

Most ships would have avoided the dangerous currents. Trade routes were constantly changing. The Mediterranean coastline was not rich in goods.Rome was a center of trade for Mediterranean countries.

http://www.maps101.comUsed according to license agreement

Roman Empire, 100 CE

According to the map, what area did the Roman Empire never control? Hispania Egypt Britannia Germania

http://www.maps101.comUsed according to license agreement

Th is an engraving representing a time in

which –

the potato famine spread throughout

Ireland

the spread of the Bubonic plague killed

millions

the U. S. stock market crash began the

global depression

the global economy caused many people to

lose jobs in the U. S.

The European river system has provided excellent transportation throughout the region.

Transportation has always been limited throughout much of Europe.

The Mediterranean Sea has served as restricted trade between the continents.

The geography of northwest Europe encourages a long growing season.

How has the physical geography of the British Isles protected it from invasion in times of war?because large mountains ranges have prevented attacks.because it is an island and Britain has always had a powerful navy. because Britain’s harsh winter climate has detracted enemies from invading.because of Britain’s marine west coast climate.

The Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe is made up of – Great Britain and Ireland Spain and Portugal Norway and Sweden Albania and Yugoslavia

Europe Migrant Work Force

Of the migrant workers that came to Europe, which sector employs the highest percentage of these workers?farmingfactorysales/retailcleaner

TOP ENERGY PRODUCERS

  Russia Algeria United States Canada Ukraine China

Natural Liquid Gas (thousand barrels per day) 220 155 1759 651    

Nuclear electric power (billion kWh) 98.3   673.7 67.5 70.6  

Hydroelectric power (billion kWh) 150.5   324.1 329.3   202.9

Coal (million short tons) 272   1118 83 82 1351

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, International Energy Annual, 1998

Of the countries shown on the chart, rank the hydroelectric energy producers in order 1 st – 4th.

1. Canada2. US3. China4. Russia