WORLD GEOGRAPHYCHAPTER 4 NOTES

SECTION 1

RESOURCES AND LAND USE

I. WORLD RESOURCES

• **THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF RESOURCES:

• ** Capital Resources Money and machines used to produce goods & services

• ** Human Resources Humans who perform various tasks and their skill.

A. NATURAL RESOURCES -2 types

• **These are materials in the natural environment that people give great value to and to satisfy their needs,

I) RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• RESOURCES THAT ARE CONSTANT OR ARE REGENERATED BY THE EARTH.

• EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE:

• a. SOIL• b. WATER THRU RAIN AND SNOW• c. SUNLIGHT d.WIND• **RENEWABLE RESOURCES CAN BE

INTERRUPTED BY MAN . AN EXAMPLE OF THIS MIGHT BE AN OIL SPILL AT SEA.

2) NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• A RESOURCE THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED WHEN IT IS USED.

• FOSSIL FUELS ARE THOSE FORMED FROM THE REMAINS OF ANCIENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

• EXAMPLES OF NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. COAL, b. NATURAL GAS c. OIL

• **ALSO MOST MINERALS (ALUMINUM, GOLD, IRON, COPPER ETC)

• ** MAN CAN LIMIT USE OF NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES THRU PROGRAMS LIKE RECYCLING.

II. ENERGY SOURCES

• A. FOSSIL FUELS-THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY AT THIS TIME.

• ** CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS WILL DETERMINE IF YOUR COUNTRY HAS THE ABILITY TO GROW IN INDUSTRY.

• ** POLITICAL TENSIONS AND WARS WILL RESULT OVER CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS.

• EXAMPLES OF FOSSIL FUEL MIGHT BE:• a. COAL b.OIL c.NATURAL GAS

ENERGY SOURCES • B. NUCLEAR ENERGY• CREATES VAST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY

THROUGH NUCLEAR FISSION• **MANY PROBLEMS / CONCERNS ABOUT

NUCLEAR ENERGY:• 1) Dangers of leaks and explosions• 2) Toxic or dangerous wastes• 3) Uses up a non renewable source (Uranium)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjGYHOePu0

C. HYDROELECTRIC POWER

• POWER OF RUNNING WATER TO CREATE ELECTRICITY.

• ** USE OF WATER, A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

• ** CREATE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS.

• EXPENSIVE TO BUILD AND CREATE• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7yc8

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D. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

• USE INTERNAL HEAT OF EARTH’S CORE TO CREATE POWER (ELECTRICITY) TO HEAT AND COOL BUILDINGS

• ** COMMON IN AREAS WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY--ICELAND

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy86ZMpQ

E. SOLAR ENERGY• COLLECTING AND STORING SUN’S

ENERGY IN CELLS

• ** USE OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

• EXPENSIVE TO FIRST CREATE

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvLljPClS-0

III. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES

• A) RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES ARE NOT EQUAL THROUGHOUT THE EARTH.

• ** POPULATION CENTERS(BIG CITIES) ARE LOCATED NEAR RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES

• .**WHEN YOU DON’T HAVE THE RESOURCES THEN YOU HAVE TO TRADE FOR WHAT YOU NEED.

CHAPTER 4 NOTESSECTION 2

IV. WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

• A. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES--ANY ACTIVITY THAT RELIES DIRECTLY ON NATURAL RESOURCES.

• EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:a. FARMING-CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT!!

• b. FISHING• c. MINING d. LUMBER• ** THE EARLIEST PRIMARY ACTIVITY

WAS HUNTING AND HERDING.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY TODAY• ** SUCCESS OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IS

BASED ON KNOWING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND REGION YOU LIVE IN!

• ** IN POOR NATIONS OVER 50% FARM, WHILE IN NATIONS LIKE U.S. ONLY ABOUT 10% FARM.

• ** POOR NATIONS PRACTICE SUBSISTENT FARMING--GROWING ENOUGH FOR THEIR OWN FAMILY TO SURVIVE. (Called “SURVIVAL FARMING”)

• ** WEALTHY NATIONS PRACTICE COMMERCIAL FARMING--PRODUCING ENOUGH PRODUCTS TO SELL FOR PROFIT.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES• USING RAW MATERIALS TO PRODUCE NEW

MATERIALS OF A GREATER VALUE (EXAMPLE:TURNING LUMBER INTO FURNITURE)

• 1) COTTAGE INDUSTRY-• a)Located near homes• b) Small industries in size, • c)Little technology-- Producing something by hand• 2) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY Located in Big Cities• a) Large factories• b) Production of manufactured goods (clothing, cars, and

appliances)

C. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES

• SERVICE INDUSTRIES--People perform a job or task

• EXAMPLES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:

• a.DOCTORS

• b.FIREMEN

• c.SALESPEOPLE

• D. Car Mechanic

• E. Policeman

D. QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES

• GATHER, PROCESS AND SHARE INFORMATION.

• EXAMPLES OF QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:

• a.POLITICIAN

• b.SCIENTIST

• c.TEACHER

• D. Lawyers

• E. News Anchors

V. GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS

• A. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS-DEVELOPS WHEN A NATION HAS A SURPLUS OR SHORTAGE OF PRODUCTS

• **EXPORTS--PRODUCTS & GOODS SENT OUT OR TRADED OUT OF THE COUNTRY.

• **IMPORTS--PRODUCTS OR GOODS PURCHASED AND BROUGHT INTO THE COUNTRY.

GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS• B. A TRADE BALANCE-A FAVORABLE

BALANCE BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.

• **COUNTRIES WANT TO HAVE MORE EXPORTS THAN IMPORTS

• **TOO MANY IMPORTS HURTS THE ECONOMY.

• **TAXES CALLED --TARIFFS CAN LESSEN IMPORTS ( A tariff is a tax on any product imported into the country!)

C. TRADE ROUTES

• METHODS AND WAYS TO ESTABLISH TRADE

• ** DETERMINED BY GEOGRAPHY, TRANSPORTATION, AND RELATIONS WITH A TRADE PARTNER.

• **ELECTRONIC TRADING IS BECOMING VERY IMPORTANT

VI. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT• A. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TRADE

PATTERNS

• **DETERMINES THE LEVEL OF A COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT

• ** COUNTRIES WITH LITTLE TRADE OR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ARE CALLED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES

• ** COUNTRIES THAT SHOW ECONOMIC PROGRESS ARE CALLED DEVELOPED OR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT

• ADVANCED ECONOMIC COUNTRY

• A COUNTRY THAT PRACTICES OR USES ADVANCED TOCHNOLOGY.

• GLOBAL ECONOMICS– WORLD WIDE INDUSTRY AND TRADE.