world country

Afghanistan

President: Hamid Karzai (2002)

Total area: 250,000 sq mi (647,500 sq km)

Population (2010est.): 29,121,286 (growth rate: 2.4%); birth rate: 38.11/1000; infant mortality rate: 151.5/1000; life expectancy: 44.6; density per sq mi: 128

Capital and largest city : Kabul, 2,206,300 Other large cities: Kandahar, 349,300; Mazar-i-Sharif, 246,900; Charikar, 202,600; Herat, 171,500

Monetary unit: Afghani

National name: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan

Languages: Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages

Ethnicity/race: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%

Religion: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%

National Holiday: Independence Day, August 19

Literacy rate: 28.1% (2000 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $23.3 billion; per capita $800. Real growth rate: 3.5% (2009 est.). Inflation: 30.5% (2009 est.). Unemployment: 35% (2008 est.). Arable land: 12.13%. Agriculture: opium, wheat, fruits, nuts; wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins. Labor force: 15 million; agriculture 80%, industry 10%, services 10%. Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones. Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper. Exports: $274 million; note - not including illicit exports or reexports (2006): opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semiprecious gems. Imports: $3.823 billion (2006): capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products. Major trading partners: Pakistan, India, U.S., Germany (2006).

Transportation: Highways: total: 34,782 km; paved: 8,229 km; unpaved: 26,553 km (2004). Waterways: 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to about 500 DWT (2007). Ports and harbors: Kheyrabad, Shir Khan. Airports: 46 (2007).

Albania

President: Bamir Topi (2007)

Prime Minister: Sali Berisha (2005)

Land area: 10,579 sq mi (27,400 sq km); total area: 11,100 sq mi (28,748 sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 3,659,616 (growth rate: 0.56%); birth rate: 15.39/1000; infant mortality rate: 17.5/1000; life expectancy: 78.13; density per sq mi: 340

Capital and largest city : Tirana, 353,400

Other large cities: Durres, 113,900; Elbasan, 97,000

Monetary unit: Lek

National name: Republika e Shqiperise

Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Ethnicity/race: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians (1989 est.)

Religions: Islam 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% (est.)

National Holiday: Independence Day, November 28


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $22.9 billion; note: Albania has a large gray economy that may be as large as 50% of official GDP (2009 est.); per capita $6,300. Real growth rate: 3.7% (2009 est.). Inflation: 2.1% (2009 est.). Unemployment: 12% official rate, but may exceed 30% due to preponderance of near-subsistence farming (2007 est.). Arable land: 20.1% (2005).Agriculture: wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes; meat, dairy products. Labor force: 1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers); agriculture 58%, industry 15%, services 27% (2006 est.). Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower. Exports: $1.19 billion (2009 est.): textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco. Imports: $3.6 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals. Major trading partners: Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany (2006). Transportation: Railways: total: 447 km (2006). Highways: total: 18,000 km; paved: 5,400 km; unpaved: 12,600 km (2002). Waterways: 43 km (2007). Ports and harbors: Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore. Airports: 11 (2007).

Algeria

President: Abdel-Aziz Bouteflika (1999)

Prime Minister: Ahmed Ouyahia (2008)

Total area: 919,590 sq mi (2,381,741 sq km)


Capital and largest city : Algiers, 3,917,000 (metro. area), 1,742,800 (city proper) Other large cities: Oran, 752,200; Constantine, 530,100; Batna, 278,100; Annaba, 246,700

Monetary unit: Dinar

National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah

Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

Ethnicity/race: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%

Religion: Islam (Sunni) 99% (state religion), Christian and Jewish 1%

National Holiday: Revolution Day, November 1

Literacy rate: 69.9%

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $239.6 billion; per capita $7,000. Real growth rate: 2.6%. Inflation: 4.1%. Unemployment: 12.4%. Arable land: 3.17%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle. Labor force: 9.38 million; agriculture 14%, industry 13.4%, construction and public works 10%, trade 14.6%, government 32%, other 16% (2003 est.). Industries: petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc. Exports: $52.0 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%. Imports: $39.5 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods. Major trading partners: France, Italy, China, Germany, Spain, U.S., Turkey (2006) Transportation: Railways: total: 3,973 km (2006). Highways: total: 108,302 km ; paved: 76,028 km; unpaved: 32,274 km (2004). Ports and harbors: Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda. Airports: 150 (2007).

Andorra

Head of Government: Albert Pintat Santolària (2005)

Chiefs of State (Coprinces): Frederic de Saint-Sernin for France and Nemesi Marques Oste for Spain

Total area: 174 sq mi (451 sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 84,525 (growth rate: 0.38%); birth rate: 10.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 3.8/1000; life expectancy: 82.36; density per sq mi: 412

Capital and largest city : Andorra la Vella, 23,000

Monetary units: Euro

National name: Principat d'Andorra

Languages: Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Ethnicity/race: Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)

Religion: Roman Catholic (predominant)

National Holiday: Our Lady of Meritxell Day, September 8

Literacy rate: 100%

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2008): $4.22 billion; per capita $44,900. Real growth rate: 2.6%. Inflation: 2.3%. Unemployment: 7% (2008 est.). Arable land: 2.13%. Agriculture: small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep. Labor force: 42,420 (2005); agriculture 0.3%, industry 20.3%, services 79.4%. Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking. Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead. Exports: $89.5 million f.o.b. (2008): tobacco products, furniture. Imports: $1.8 billion (2008): consumer goods, food, electricity. Major trading partners: Spain, France

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 269 km; paved: 198 km; unpaved: 71 km. Ports and harbors: none. Airports: none.

International disputes: none.

Angola

President: José Eduardo dos Santos (1979)

Prime Minister: Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (2003)



Capital and largest city : Luanda, 2,297,200 Other large cities: Huambo, 171,000; Lubango, 136,000

Monetary unit: New Kwanza National name: Republica de Angola

Languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Ethnicity/race: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Religions: Indigenous 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $114.4 billion; per capita $8,900. Real growth rate: -0.6%. Inflation: 13.1%. Unemployment: extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.). Arable land: 2.65%. Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish. Labor force: 6.573 million; agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2007 est.). Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair. Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium. Exports: $40.02 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton. Imports: $12.81 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods. Major trading partners: U.S., China, Taiwan, France, Chile (2006) Transportation: Railways: total: 2,761 km (2006). Highways: total: 51,429 km; paved: 5,349 km; unpaved: 46,080 km (2001). Waterways: 1,300 km (2007). Ports and harbors: Cabinda, Luanda, Soyo. Airports: 232 (2007).

Antigua and Barbuda

Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952)

Governor-General: Louise Lake-Tack (2007)

Prime Minister: Baldwin Spencer (2004)



Capital and largest city : St. John's, 23,500 Other large cities: English Harbour, 2,900; Codrington (capital of Barbuda), est. pop. 870

Monetary unit: East Caribbean dollar

Languages: English (official), local dialects

Ethnicity/race: black 91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9%

Religions: Christian (predominantly Anglican and other Protestant; some Roman Catholic)

National Holiday: Independence Day (National Day), November 1


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.55 billion; per capita $18,100 (2009 est.). Real growth rate: -6.5% (2009 est.). Inflation: 1.5% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 11% (2001 est.). Arable land: 18.18%. Agriculture: cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock. Labor force: 30,000 (1991); agriculture: 3.8%, industry: 22%, services: 74.3% (2002 est.). Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances). Natural resources: negl.; pleasant climate fosters tourism. Exports: $84.3 million (2007 est.): petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%. Imports: $522.8 million (2007 est.): ffood and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil. Major trading partners: Poland, UK, Germany, Italy, China, U.S., Singapore, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (2006). Transportation: Highways: total: 1,165 km, paved: 384 km, unpaved: 781 km (2002). Ports and harbors: Saint John's. Airports: 3 (2007). International disputes: none

Argentina

President: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007)

Land area: 1,056,636 sq mi (2,736,690 sq km); total area: 1,068,296 sq mi (2,766,890 sq km)


Capital and largest city : Buenos Aires, 13,349,000 (metro. area), 2,768,772 (city proper) Other large cities: Córdoba, 1,486,200; Rosario, 1,276,900; Mendoza, 988,600; Mar del Plata, 683,700

Monetary unit: Peso

National name: República Argentina

Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, FrenchEthnicity/race: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing),Protestant 2%,Jewish 2%,other 4%National Holiday: Revolution Day, May 25


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $304.9 billion; per capita $13,800. Real growth rate: -2.5%. Inflation: 7.7% official rate; actual rate may be double the official rate. Unemployment: 9.6%. Arable land: 10.03%. Agriculture: sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock. Labor force: 16.1 million: note: urban areas only (2007 est.); agriculture: 1%, industry: 23%, services: 76% (2007 est.). Industries: food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel. Natural resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium. Exports: $55.7 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles. Imports: $38.71 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics. Major trading partners: Brazil, Chile, U.S., China, Spain, Germany (2006).

Transportation: Railways: total: 31,902 km (2006). Highways: total: 229,144 km; paved: 68,809 km (including 734 km of expressways); unpaved: 160,335 km (2004). Waterways: 11,000 km (2006). Ports and harbors: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin, San Nicolas. Airports: 1,272 (2007).

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Armenia

President: Serzh Sarkisyan (2008)

Prime Minister: Tigran Sarkisyan (2008)



Capital and largest city: Yerevan, 1,462,700 (metro. area), 1,267,600 (city proper) Other large cities: Vanadzor, 147,400; Gyumri (Leninakan), 125,300; Abovian, 59,300

Monetary unit: Dram

National Name: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun

Languages: Armenian 98%, Yezidi, RussianEthnicity/race: Armenian 97.9%, Russian 0.5%, Kurds 1.3%, other 0.3% (2001)Religion: Armenian Apostolic 95%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi 1%National Holiday: Independence Day, September 21


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $16.18 billion; per capita $5,900. Real growth rate: -15%. Inflation: 4.2%. Unemployment: 7.1% (2007 est.). Arable land: 16.78%. Agriculture: fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock. Labor force: 1.2 million; agriculture 46.2%, industry 15.6%, services 38.2% (2006 est). Industries: diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy. Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina. Exports: $715 million f.o.b. (2009): diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy. Imports: $2.54 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds. Major trading partners: Russia, Ukraine, Belgium, Turkmenistan, Italy, Germany, Iran, Israel, U.S.%, Georgia (2006)

Transportation: Railways: total: 839 km (2006). Highways: total: 7,700 km; paved: 7,700 km (includes 1,561 km of expressways) (2006). Waterways: n.a. Ports and harbors: none. Airports: 12 (2007).






Australia

Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952) Governor-General: Quentin Bryce (2008)

Prime Minister: Julia Gillard (2010)

Capital: Canberra


Population (2010 est.): 21,515,754 (growth rate: 1.1%); birth rate: 12.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.67/1000; life expectancy: 81.7; density per sq mi: 7 Largest cities: Sydney, 4,250,100; Melbourne, 3,610,800; Brisbane, 1,545,700; Perth, 1,375,200; Adelaide, 1,087,600

Monetary unit: Australian dollar

National name: República Argentina

Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, FrenchEthnicity/race: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing),Protestant 2%,Jewish 2%,other 4%National Holiday: Revolution Day, May 25


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $304.9 billion; per capita $13,800. Real growth rate: -2.5%. Inflation: 7.7% official rate; actual rate may be double the official rate. Unemployment: 9.6%. Arable land: 10.03%. Agriculture: sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock. Labor force: 16.1 million: note: urban areas only (2007 est.); agriculture: 1%, industry: 23%, services: 76% (2007 est.). Industries: food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel. Natural resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium. Exports: $55.7 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles. Imports: $38.71 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics. Major trading partners: Brazil, Chile, U.S., China, Spain, Germany (2006). Transportation: Railways: total: 31,902 km (2006). Highways: total: 229,144 km; paved: 68,809 km (including 734 km of expressways); unpaved: 160,335 km (2004). Waterways: 11,000 km (2006). Ports and harbors: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin, San Nicolas. Airports: 1,272 (2007)





Austria

President: Heinz Fischer (2004)

Chancellor: Alfred Gusenbauer (2007)


Population (2010 est.): 8,214,160 (growth rate: 0.04%); birth rate 8.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.3/1000; life expectancy: 79.6; density per sq mi: 257

Capital and largest city : Vienna, 2,041,300 (metro area), 1,523,600 (city proper) Other large cities: Graz, 219,500; Linz, 185,300; Salzburg, 145,500; Innsbruck, 115,600

Monetary units: Euro (formerly schilling)

National name: Republik Österreich

Languages: German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region)Ethnicity/race: Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001)Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 5%, Islam 4%, none 12% (2001)National Holiday: National Day, October 26

Literacy rate: 98%

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $323.1 billion; per capita $39,400. Real growth rate: -3.5%. Inflation: 0.4%. Unemployment: 4.7%. Arable land: 16.59%. Agriculture: grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber. Labor force: 3.56 million (2007 est.); agriculture and forestry 3%, industry and crafts 27%, services 70%. Industries:construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism. Natural resources: oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower. Exports: $129 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs. Imports: $136 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Netherlands (2006). Transportation: Railways: total: 6,021 km (3,552 km electrified) (2004). Highways: 133,718 km; paved: 133,718 km (including 1,677 km of expressways) (2003). Waterways: 358 km (2007). Ports and harbors: Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna. Airports: 55 (2007).

Azerbaijan






President: Ilham Aliyev (2003)

Prime Minister: Artur Rasizade (2003)



Capital and largest city: Baku, 2,118,600 (metro area), 1,235,400 (city proper), a port on the Caspian Sea Other large cities (2004 est.): Ganja, 303,000; Sumgait, 280,500

Monetary unit: Manat

National Name: Azarbaycan Respublikasi

Languages: Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)Ethnicity/race: Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999). Note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh regionReligions: Islam 93%, Russian Orthodox 3%, Armenian Orthodox 2%, other 2% (1995 est.)National Holiday: Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, May 28Literacy rate: 98.8% (1999 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $86.0 billion; per capita $10,400. Real growth rate: 9.3%. Inflation: 1.5%. Unemployment: 6% official rate (2009 est.). Arableland: 20.62%. Agriculture: cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats. Labor force: 5.243 million (2007 est.); agriculture and forestry 41%, industry 7%, services 52% (2001). Industries: petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferr us metals, alumina. Exports: $13.16 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs. Imports: $5.44 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals. Major trading partners: Italy, Israel, Turkey, France, Russia, Iran, Georgia (2006) Transportation: Railways: total: 2,122 km (2006). Highways: total: 59,141 km ; paved: 29,210 km; unpaved: 29,931 km (2004). Ports and harbors: Baku (Baki). Airports: 35 (2007).

Bahamas







Governor-General: Arthur Dion Hanna (2006)

Prime Minister: Hubert Ingraham (2007)

Land area: 3,888 sq mi (10,070 sq km); total area: 5,382 sq mi 13,940 sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 310,426 (growth rate: 0.9%); birth rate: 16.25/1000; infant mortality rate: 13.6/1000; life expectancy: 70.8; density per sq km: 30

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Nassau, 222,200

Monetary unit: Bahamian dollar

Languages: English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)Ethnicity/race: black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%Religions: Baptist 35%, Anglican 15%, Roman Catholic 14%, Pentecostal 8%, Church of God 5%, Methodist 4%, other Christian 15% (2000)National Holiday: Independence Day, July 10


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $9.084 billion; per capita $29,800. Real growth rate: -4%. Inflation: 2.4% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 7.6%. Arable land: 0.58%. Agriculture: citrus, vegetables; poultry. Labor force: 176,300 (2004); agriculture 5%, industry 5%, tourism 50%, other services 40% (2005 est.). Industries: tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe. Natural resources: salt, aragonite, timber, arable land. Exports: $674 million (2006 est.): mineral products and salt, animal products, rum, chemicals, fruit and vegetables. Imports: $2.4 billion (2006 est.): machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals. Major trading partners:U.S., Poland, Spain, Germany, France, South Korea, Brazil, Japan, Italy, Venezuela (2004).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 2,693 km; paved: 1,546 km; unpaved: 1,147 km (1999). Ports and harbors: Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point. Airports: 64 (2005).International disputes: disagrees with the US on the alignment of the maritime boundary; continues to monitor and interdict Haitian refugees fleeing economic privation and political instability .






Bahrain

King: Hamad ibn Isa al-Khalifah (1999)

Prime Minister: Khalifah ibn Sulman al-Khalifah (1970)

Land area: 239 sq mi (619 sq km); total area: 257 sq mi (665 sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 738,004 (growth rate: 1.2%); birth rate: 16.8/1000; infant mortality rate: 14.7/1000; life expectancy: 75.4; density per sq km: 1,080

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Al-Manámah, 527,000 (metro area), 149,900 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Bahrain dinar

National Name: Mamlakat al Bahrayn

Languages: Arabic, English, Farsi, UrduEthnicity/race: Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001)Religion: Islam (Shiite and Sunni) 81%, Christian 9%National Holiday: National Day, December 16

Literacy rate: 89% (2003 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est): $28.0 billion; per capita $38,400. Real growth rate: 2.9%. Inflation: 3%. Unemployment: 15%. Arable land: 2.82%. Agriculture: fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish. Labor force: 380,000; note: 44% of the population in the 15–64 age group is non-national; agriculture 1%, industry, commerce, and services 79%, government 20% (1997 est.). Industries: petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, ship repairing, tourism. Natural resources: oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls. Exports: $12.5 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles. Imports: $10.37 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, machinery, chemicals.Major trading partners: Saudi Arabia, U.S., UAE, Japan, Germany, UK, France (2004).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 3,498 km; paved: 2,768 km; unpaved: 730 km (2003). Ports and harbors: Mina' Salman, Sitrah. Airports: 3 (2005).

International disputes: none.






Bangladesh

President: Iajuddin Ahmed (2002)

Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina (2009)


Population (2010 est.): 158,065,841 (growth rate: 1.2%); birth rate: 23.8/1000; infant mortality rate: 57.8/1000; life expectancy: 60.6; density per sq km: 1,146

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Dhaka, 12,560,000 (metro.area), 5,378,023 (city proper)

Other large cities: Chittagong, 2,592,400; Khulna, 1,211,500

Monetary unit: Taka

Principal languages: Bangla (official), EnglishEthnicity/race: Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)Religions: Islam 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998)National Holiday: Independence Day, March 26


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $242.4 billion; per capita $1,600. Real growth rate: 5.6%. Inflation: 5.1%. Unemployment: 2.5% (includes underemployment). Arable land: 55.39%. Agriculture: rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry. Labor force: 66.6 million; note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; agriculture 63%, industry 11%, services 26% (FY95/96). Industries: cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar. Natural resources: natural gas, arable land, timber, coal. Exports: $15.9 billion (2009 est.): garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood (2001).Imports: $20.2 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement (2000). Major trading partners: U.S., Germany, UK, France, Italy, India, China, Singapore, Kuwait, Japan, Hong Kong (2004).

Transportation: Railways: total: 2,706 km (2004). Highways: total: 239,226 km; paved: 22,726 km; unpaved: 216,500 km (2003). Waterways: 8,372 km; note: includes 2,635 km main cargo routes (2005). Ports and harbors: Chittagong, Mongla Port. Airports: 16 (2005).






Barbados


Governor-General: Sir Clifford Husbands (1996)

Prime Minister: David Thompson (2008)

Land area: 166 sq mi (430 sq km); total area 166 sq mi (431 sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bridgetown, 98,900Monetary unit: Barbados dollarLanguage: EnglishEthnicity/race: black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%Religions: Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12%National Holiday: Independence Day, November 30


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $5.728 billion; per capita: $18,500. Real growth rate: –2.8%. Inflation: 5.5% (2003 est.). Unemployment: 10.7% (2003 est.). Arable land: 37.21%. Agriculture: sugarcane, vegetables, cotton. Labor force: 128,500 (2001 est.); services 75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.). Industries: tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, natural gas. Exports: $385 million (2006 est): sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components. Imports: $1.586 billion (2006 est.): consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components. Major trading partners: U.S., UK, Trindad and Tobago, St. Lucia, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Japan (2004).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 1,600 km; paved: 1,600 km (2003). Ports and harbors: Bridgetown. Airports: 1 (2005).

Belarus






President: Alyaksandr Lukashenka (1994)

Prime Minister: Syarhey Sidorski (2003)


Population (2010 est.): 9,612,632 (growth rate: &ndaqsh;0.3%); birth rate: 9.7/1000; infant mortality rate: 6.3/1000; life expectancy: 70.9; density per sq km: 46

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Mensk (Minsk), 1,769,500 Other large cities: Gomel, 502,200; Mogilyov, 374,000; Vitebsk, 355,800; Grodno, 314,100; Brest, 306,300; Bobruysk, 228,100

Monetary unit: Belorussian ruble

National Name: Respublika Byelarus'

Languages: Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, otherEthnicity/race: Belorussian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian 2.4%, other 1.1% (1999)Religion: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)National Holiday: Independence Day, July 3


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $116 billion; per capita $11,600. Real growth rate: –0.2%. Inflation: 10%. Unemployment: 1% (2009 est.) officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers. Arable land: 26.77%. Agriculture: grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk. Labor force: 4.3 million (Dec. 31, 2005); agriculture 14%, industry 34.7%, services 51.3% (2003 est.). Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators. Natural resources: forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay. Exports: $24.8 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs. Imports: $30.4 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals. Major trading partners: Russia, UK, Netherlands, Poland, Germany, Ukraine (2004). Transportation: Railways: total: 5,512 km (2004). Highways: total: 79,990 km; paved: 69,351 km; unpaved: 10,639 km (2004). Waterways: 2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country and by shallowness) (2003). Ports and harbors: Mazyr. Airports: 101 (2005).






Belgium

Sovereign: King Albert II (1993)

Prime Minister: Yves Leterme (2009)


Population (2010 est.): 10,423,493 (growth rate: 0.08%); birth rate: 10.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.3/1000; life expectancy: 79.3; density per sq km: 343

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Brussels, 1,750,600 (metro area), 981,200 (city proper)

Other large cities: Antwerp, 952,600 (metro area), 450,000 (city proper); Ghent, 226,900; Charleroi, 201,200; Liège, 185,700; Bruges, 117,200

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Belgian franc)

National name: Royaume de Belgique—Koninkrijk België

Languages: Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official)Ethnicity/race: Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%Religion: Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%National Holiday: Ascension to the Throne of King Leopold I, July 21


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $466.9 billion; per capita $36,600. Real growth rate: –3.1%. Inflation: 0%. Unemployment: 8.3%. Arable land: 27.42%. Agriculture: sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk. Labor force: 4.77 million; agriculture 1.3%, industry 24.5%, services 74.2% (2003 est.). Industries: engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum. Natural resources: construction materials, silica sand, carbonates. Exports: $296.1 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs. Imports: $315 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products. Major trading partners: Germany, France, Netherlands, UK, U.S., Italy, Ireland (2004).Transportation: Railways: total: 3,521 km (2,927 km electrified) (2004). Highways: total: 149,757 km; paved: 117,110 km (including 1,747 km of expressways); unpaved: 32,647 km (2003). Waterways: 2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003). Ports and harbors: Antwerp, Brussels, Gent, Liege, Oostende, Zeebrugge. Airports: 43 (2005).






Belize


Governor-General: Sir Colville Young (1993)

Prime Minister: Said Musa (1998)



Capital (2003 est.): Belmopan, 8,700

Largest city: Belize City, 52,600

Monetary unit: Belize dollar

Languages: English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), CreoleEthnicity/race: mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7%Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7%, Anglican 5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, Mennonite 4%, Methodist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%), none 9%, other 14% (2000)National Holiday: Independence Day, September 21


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.485 billion; per capita $8,100. Real growth rate: –1.5%. Inflation: 0.3%. Unemployment: 8.1% (2006). Arable land: 3.05%. Agriculture: bananas, coca, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber; garments. Labor force: 90,000; note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; agriculture 27%, industry 18%, services 55% (2001 est.). Industries: garment production, food processing, tourism, construction. Natural resources: arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower. Exports: $395 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood. Imports: $616 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco. Major trading partners: U.S., UK, Jamaica , Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, China, Japan (2004).

International disputes: Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS is attempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package.






Benin

President: Yayi Boni (2006)



Capital (2003 est.): Porto-Novo (official), 231,600; Largest city and seat of government: Cotonou 734,600

Other large cities: Parakou 205,300; Djougou, 184,200

Monetary unit: CFA Franc

National name: Republique du Benin

Languages: French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languagesEthnicity/race: African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500Religions: indigenous 50%, Christian 30%, Islam 20%National Holiday: National Day, August 1

Literacy rate: 34.7% (2006)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $13.2 billion; per capita $1,500. Real growth rate: 2.5%. Inflation: 4%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 25.53%. Agriculture: cotton, corn, cassava (tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts; livestock. Labor force: n.a. Industries: textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement. Natural resources: small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber. Exports: $1.02 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa. Imports: $1.54 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products. Major trading partners: China, India, Ghana, Niger, Indonesia, Nigeria, France, Thailand, Côte d'Ivoire (2004).

Transportation: Railways: total: 578 km (2004). Highways: total: 6,787 km; paved: 1,357 km (including 10 km of expressways); unpaved: 5,430 km (1999 est.). Waterways: 150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2004). Ports and harbors: Cotonou. Airports: 5 (2004 est.).

Bhutan






Prime Minister: Lyonpo Jigme Thinley (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Thimphu (official), 60,200

Monetary unit: Ngultrum

Languages: Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese)

Ethnicity/race: Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15%

National Holiday: National Day, December 17

Religions: Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $3.763 billion; per capita $5,400. Real growth rate: 5%. Inflation: 8% Unemployment: 4% (2009 est.) Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs. Labor force: n.a.; note: major shortage of skilled labor; agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5%. Industries: cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide. Natural resources: timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide. Exports: $513 million f.o.b. (2008 est.): electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices. Imports: $533 million (2008 est.): fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice. Major trading partners: India, Bangladesh, Japan, Germany, Austria (2004).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 4,007 km; paved: 24 km; unpaved: 3,983 km (2002). Ports and harbors: none. Airports: 2 (2004 est.).

Bolivia






President: Evo Morales (2006)

Land area: 418,683 sq mi (1,084,389 sq km); total area: 424,164 sq mi (1,098,580 sq km)


Historic and judicial capital (2003 est.): Sucre, 204,200; Administrative capital: La Paz, 1,576,100 (metro. area), 830,500 (city proper) Other large cities: Santa Cruz, 1,168,700; Cochabamba, 815,800; El Alto, 728,500; Oruro, 211,700

Monetary unit: Boliviano

National name: República de Bolivia

Languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official)

Ethnicity/race: Quechua 30%, mestizo 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%

National Holiday: Independence Day, August 6

Religion: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $17.76 billion; per capita $4,600. Real growth rate: 2.8%. Inflation: 4.3%. Unemployment: 8.5% in urban areas with widespread underemployment. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber. Labor force: 4.22 million; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing. Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower. Exports:$4.83 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): natural gas, soybeans and soy products, crude petroleum, zinc ore, tin. Imports: $4.16 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans. Major trading partners: Brazil, U.S. Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, China, Japan (2004). Transportation: Railways: total: 3,519 km (2004). Highways: total: 60,282 km; paved: 3,979 km; unpaved: 56,303 km (2002). Waterways:10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2004).

Bosnia and Herzegovina






Presidency, Chairman of the (rotating): Borjana Kristo (2007) Prime Minister: Nikola Spiric (2007)


Population (2010 est.): 4,621,598) (growth rate: 0.3%); birth rate: 8.8/1000; infant mortality rate: 8.8/1000; life expectancy: 78.6; density per sq km: 89

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sarajevo, 581,500 (unofficial) Other large cities: Banja Luka, 189,700; Tuzla 119,200; Mostar, 90,800

Monetary unit: Marka

National Name: Bosna i Hercegovina

Languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian

Ethnicity/race: Bosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.6% (2000)

National Holiday: National Day, November 25

Religions: Islam 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 14%

Literacy rate: 96.7.

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $29.07 billion (note: Bosnia has a large informal sector that could also be as much as 50% of official GDP); per capita $6,300. Real growth rate: –3.4%. Inflation: 0.6%. Unemployment: 40% official rate. Arable land: 14%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock. Labor force: 1.026 million (2001); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining .Natural resources: coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite , cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, forests, hydropower. Exports: $3.95 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): metals, clothing, wood products. Imports: $8.8 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Italy, Croatia, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary (2004). Transportation: Railways: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km) (2004). Highways: total: 21,846 km; paved: 11,424 km; unpaved: 10,422 km (1999 est). Waterways: Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited because of no agreement with neighboring countries (2004).Ports and harbors: Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje. Airports: 27 (2004 est.).

Botswana






President: Ian Khama (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Gaborone, 195,000

Monetary unit: Pula

Languages: English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001)

Ethnicity/race: Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other (including Kgalagadi and white) 7%

National Holiday: Independence Day (Botswana Day), September 30

Religions: Christian 72%, Badimo 6%, none 21% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $26 billion; per capita $13,100. Real growth rate: –5.2%. Inflation: 7.3%. Unemployment: 7.5%.Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts. Labor force: 288,400 formal sector employees (2004); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a.. Industries: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles.Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver. Exports: $2.96 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles. Imports: $3.67 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products. Major trading partners: European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Southern African Customs Union (SACU), Zimbabwe (2004).

Transportation: Railways: total: 888 km (2004). Highways: total: 10,217 km; paved: 5,619 km; unpaved: 4,598 km (1999). Ports and harbors:none. Airports: 85 (2004 est.).

Brazil






President: Dilma Rousseff (2011)

Land area: 3,265,059 sq mi (8,456,511 sq km); total area:3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km)


Capital (2003 est.): Brasília, 2,160,100 Largest cities: São Paulo, 18,333,000 (metro. area), 10,927,985 (city proper); Rio de Janeiro, 11,469,000 (metro. area), 6,094,183 (city proper); Salvador, 2,590,400; Belo Horizonte, 2,347,500; Recife, 1,485,500; Porto Alegre, 1,372,700

Monetary unit: Real

National name: República Federativa do Brasil

Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

Ethnicity/race: white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000)

National Holiday: Independence Day, September 7

Religion: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 15%, Spiritualist 1%, none 7% (2000)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $2.025 trillion; per capita $10,200. Real growth rate: –0.2%. Inflation: 4.2%. Unemployment:7.4%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef. Labor force: 96.34 million; agriculture 20%, industry 14%, services 66% (2006 est.). Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment. Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber. Exports: $158.9 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos. Imports: $136 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil. Major trading partners: U.S., Argentina, China, Netherlands, Germany, Mexico, Nigeria, Japan (2005). Transportation: Railways: total: 29,252 km (1598 km electrified) (2005). Highways: total: 1,751,868 km; paved: 96,353 km; unpaved: 1,655,515 km (2005). Waterways: 50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2005). Ports and harbors: Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria. Airports: 4,276 (2006 est.).

Brunei






Sultan: Haji Hassanal Bolkiah (1967)

Land area: 2,035 sq mi (5,271 sq km);total area: 2,228 sq mi (5,770 sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 395,027 (growth rate: 1.7%); birth rate: 18/1000; infant mortality rate: 11.8/1000; life expectancy: 75.9; density per sq km: 72

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bandar Seri Begawan, 78,000

Other large cities: Kuala Belait 27,800, Seria 23,400

Monetary unit: Brunei dollar

National Name: Negara Brunei Darussalam

Languages: Malay (official), English, Chinese

Ethnicity/race: Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%

National Holiday: National Day, February 23

Religions: Islam (official religion) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $19.43 billion billion; per capita $50,100. Real growth rate: –1.9%. Inflation: 2.7%. Unemployment: 3.7% (2008). Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, eggs. Labor force: 146,300; note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force; agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2.9%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 61.1%, government 36% (2003 est.). Industries: petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, timber. Exports: $10.67 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.): crude oil, natural gas, refined products. Imports: $2.61 billion c.i.f. (2008 est.): machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals. Major trading partners: Japan, South Korea, Australia, U.S., Thailand, Indonesia, China, Singapore, Malaysia, UK (2004).

Transportation: Highways: total: 2,525 km; paved: 2,525 km; unpaved: 0 km (2000). Waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m (2004). Ports and harbors: Lumut, Muara, Seria. Airports: 2 (2004 est.).

Bulgaria






President: Georgi Purvanov (2002)

Prime Minister-elect: Boiko Borisov (2009)

Land area: 42,683 sq mi (110,549 sq km); total area: 42,823 sq mi (110,910 sq km )

Population (2010 est.): 7,148,785 (growth rate: –0.768%); birth rate: 9.43/1000; infant mortality rate: 17.2/1000; life expectancy: 73.3; density per sq km: 65

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sofia, 1,088,700

Other large cities: Plovdiv, 338,200; Varna, 312,300; Burgas, 192,000; Ruse, 161,000

Monetary unit: Lev

Languages: Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4%Ethnicity/race: Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) 2% (2001)National Holiday: Liberation Day, March 3Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 83%, Islam 12%, other Christian 1% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $90.51 billion; per capita $12,600. Real growth rate: –4.9%. Inflation: 1.9%. Unemployment: 9.1%. Arable land: 40%. Agriculture: vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock. Labor force: 3.34 million; agriculture 11%, industry 32.7%, services 56.3% (3rd quarter 2004 est.). Industries: electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel. Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land. Exports: $16.2 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): hing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels. Imports: $23.27 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials. Major trading partners: Italy, Germany, Turkey, Belgium, Greece, U.S., France, Russia (2004).






Burina faso

President: Blaise Compaoré (1987)

Prime Minister: Tertius Zongo (2007)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Ouagadougou, 962,100


Languages: French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90%Ethnicity/race: Mossi (over 40%), Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, FulaniNational Holiday: Republic Day, December 11Religions: Islam 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $18.8 billion; per capita $1,200. Real growth rate: 3.3%. Inflation: 3.7%. Unemployment: 77% Arable land: 14%. Agriculture: cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock. Labor force: 5 million; note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003); agriculture 90%, industry and services 10% (2000 est.). Industries: cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold. Natural resources: manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt. Exports: $648 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): cotton, livestock, gold. Imports: $1.076 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): capital goods, food products, petroleum. Major trading partners: China, Singapore, Ghana, Bangladesh, France, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo (2004).

Transportation: Railways: total: 622 km (2004). Highways: total: 15,272 km km; paved: 4,766 km; unpaved: 10,506 km (2004). Ports and harbors: none. Airports: 34 (2006 est.)

Burundi






President: Pierre Nkurunziza (2005)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bujumbura, 331,700

Other large city: Gitega, 45,700

Monetary unit: Burundi franc

National name: Republika y'u Burundi

Languages: Kirundi and French (official), SwahiliEthnicity/race: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%National Holiday: Independence Day, July 1Religions: Roman Catholic 62%, indigenous 23%, Islam 10%, Protestant 5%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $3.247 billion; per capita $300. Real growth rate: 3.2%. Inflation: 14.1%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 35%. Agriculture: coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides. Labor force: 2.99 million (2002); agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.). Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing. Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone. Exports: $79 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides. Imports: $318 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Germany, Belgium, Pakistan, U.S., Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, France, Italy, Uganda, Japan (2004)

Cambodia






King: Norodom Sihamoni (2004)

Prime Minister: Hun Sen (1998)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Phnom Penh, 1,169,800

Monetary unit: Riel

National Name: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea

Languages: Khmer 95% (official), French, EnglishEthnicity/race: Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%National Holiday: Independence Day, November 9Religions: Theravada Buddhist 95%, others 5%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $28.09 billion; per capita $1,900. Real growth rate: —0.9%. Inflation: 7.5%. Unemployment: 3.5% (2007 est.). Arable land: 21%. Agriculture: rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca. Labor force: 7 million (2003 est.); agriculture 75% (2004 est.). Industries: tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles. Natural resources: oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential. Exports: $4.13 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear. Imports: $6.0 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products. Major trading partners: U.S., Germany, UK, Vietnam, Canada, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Taiwan (2004). Transportation: Railways: total: 602 km (2005). Highways: total: 38,257 km; paved: 2,406 km; unpaved: 35,851 km (2004). Waterways: 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004). Ports and harbors: Phnom Penh. Airports: 20 (2006 est.).

cameroon






President: Paul Biya (1982)

Prime Minister: Ephraïm Inoni (2004)



Capital: Yaoundé, 1,395,200 (metro. area), 1,154,400 (city proper) Largest city: Douala, 1,490,500 (metro. area), 1,274.300 (city proper)


National name: République du Cameroun

Languages: French, English (both official); 24 major African language groupsEthnicity/race: Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwest Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%National Holiday: Republic Day (National Day), May 20Religions: indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Islam 20%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $42.7 billion; per capita $2,300. Real growth rate: —1.0%. Inflation: 2.5%. Unemployment: 30% (2001 est.). Arable land: 13%. Agriculture: coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber. Labor force: 6.86 million; agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%. Industries: petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair. Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower. Exports: $3.4 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton. Imports: $3.73 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food. Major trading partners: Spain, Italy, UK, France, U.S., South Korea, Netherlands, Nigeria, Belgium, China, Germany (2004).






Canada


Governor-General: David Lloyd Johnston (since 2010)

Prime Minister: Stephen Harper (since 2006)



Capital (2004 est.): Ottawa, Ontario, 1,142,700 (metro. area) Largest cities (metropolitan areas) (2004 est.): Toronto, 5,203,600; Montreal, 3,606,700; Vancouver, 2,160,000; Calgary, 1,037,100; Edmonton, 1,101,600; Quebec, 710,700; Hamilton, 710,300; Winnipeg, 702,400; London, 459,700; Kitchener, 450,100

Monetary unit: Canadian dollar

Languages: English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5%Ethnicity/race: British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, indigenous Indian and Inuit 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%National Holiday: Canada Day, July 1Religions: Roman Catholic 43%, Protestant 23% (including United Church 10%, Anglican 7%, Baptist 2%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, none 16% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.29 trillion; per capita $38,400. Real growth rate: —2.5%. Inflation: 0.2%. Unemployment: 8.5%. Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish. Labor force: 16.3 million (Dec. 2005); agriculture 2%, manufacturing 14%, construction 5%, services 75%, other 3% (2004). Industries: transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas. Natural resources: iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower. Exports: $298.5 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum. Imports: $305.2 billion f.o.b. (2009

Cape Verde






President: Pedro Pires (2001) Prime Minister: José Maria Neves (2001)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Praia, 99,400

Other large city: Mindelo, 66,100

Monetary unit: Cape Verdean escudo

National name: República de Cabo Verde

Languages: Portuguese, CriuoloEthnicity/race: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%National Holiday: Independence Day, July 5Religion: Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.7 billion; per capita $3,400. Real growth rate: 1.8%. Inflation: 4.0%. Unemployment: 21% (2000 est.). Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish. Labor force: n.a. Industries: food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair. Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum. Exports: $97.0 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides. Imports: $767.0 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels. Major trading partners: Portugal, France, U.S., UK, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Brazil (2004).

central african republic






President: Gen. François Bozizé (2003)

Prime Minister: Faustin Archange Touadéra (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bangui, 810,000 (metro. area), 669,800 (city proper)


National name: République Centrafricaine

Languages: French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languagesEthnicity/race: Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%National Holiday: Republic Day, December 1Religions: indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant and Roman Catholic (both with animist influence) 25% each, Islam 15%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP $3.3 billion (2009 est.); per capita $700. Real growth rate: 2.4%. Inflation: 0.9% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.). Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber. Labor force: n.a. Industries: gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles. Natural resources: diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower. Exports: $146.7 million f.o.b. (2007 est.): diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco. Imports: $237.3 million f.o.b. (2007 est.): food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals. Major trading partners: Belgium, Italy, Spain, U.S., France, Indonesia,

Chad






President: Idriss Déby (1990)

Prime Minister: Emmanuel Nadingar (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): N'Djamena, 609,600


National name: République du Tchad

Languages: French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialectsEthnicity/race: 200 distinct groups. North and center, mostly Muslim: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba. South, mostly Christian or animist: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, MassaNational Holiday: Independence Day, August 11Religions: Islam 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $16.26 billion; per capita $1,600. Real growth rate: —1.0%. Inflation: 6.0%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels. Labor force: n.a.; agriculture 80%; industry and services 20% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing).Industries: oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials. Natural resources: petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt. Exports: $3.16 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): cotton, cattle, gum arabic, oil. Imports: $2.1 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and transportation equipment, industrial

chile






President: Sebastián Piñera (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Santiago, 5,333,100 (metro. area), 4,372,800 (city proper)

Other large cities: Viña del Mar, 303,100; Valparaíso, 274,100; Talcahuano, 252,800; Temuco, 247,200; Concepción, 217,600

Monetary unit: Chilean Peso

National name: República de Chile

Language: SpanishEthnicity/race: white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%National Holiday: Independence Day, September 18Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, small Jewish population


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $243.7 billion; per capita $14,700. Real growth rate: –1.7%. Inflation: 1.7%. Unemployment: 10%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber. Labor force: 6.3 million; agriculture 13.6%, industry 23.4%, services 63% (2003).Industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles. Natural resources: copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower. Exports: $48.8 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine. Imports: $40.91 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas. Major trading partners: U.S., Japan, China, South Korea, Netherlands, Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Argentina (2004). Transportation: Railways: total: 6,585 km (2005). Highways: total: 79,605 km; paved: 16,080 km; unpaved: 63,525 km (2001). Waterways: 725 km. Ports and harbors: Antofagasta, Arica,

China






President: Hu Jintao (2003)

Prime Minister: Wen Jiabao (2003)

Land area: 3,600,927 sq mi (9,326,411 sq km); total area: 3,705,407 sq mi (9,596,960 sq km)1

Population (2010 est.): 1,330,141,295 (growth rate: 0.5%); birth rate: 12.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 16.5/1000; life expectancy: 74.5; density per sq mi: 142

Capital (2003 est.): Beijing, 10,849,000 (metro. area), 8,689,000 (city proper)

Largest cities: Shanghai, 12,665,000 (metro. area), 10,996,500 (city proper); Tianjin (Tientsin), 9,346,000 (metro. area), 4,333,900 (city proper); Wuhan, 3,959,700; Shenyang (Mukden), 3,574,100; Guangzhou, 3,473,800; Haerbin, 2,904,900; Xian, 2,642,100; Chungking (Chongquing) 2,370,100; Chengdu, 2,011,000; Hong Kong (Xianggang), 1,361,200

Monetary unit: Yuan/Renminbi

National name: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo

Languages: Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languagesEthnicity/race: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%National Holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, October 1Religions: Officially atheist; Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%–4%, Muslim 1%–2% (2002 est.)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $8.8 trillion; per capita $6,600. Real growth rate: 8.7% (official data). Inflation: –0.8%. Unemployment: 4.3% official registered unemployment in urban areas; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas. Arable land: 15%. Agriculture: rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley,

Colombia






President: Juan Manuel Santos (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Santafé de Bogotá, 7,594,000 (metro. area), 7,185,889 (city proper)

Other large cities: Cali, 2,283,200; Medellín, 1,957,800; Barranquilla, 1,330,400; Cartagena, 901,500

Monetary unit: Colombian Peso

National name: República de Colombia

Language: SpanishEthnicity/race: mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%National Holiday: Independence Day, July 20Religion: Roman Catholic 90%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $401 billion; per capita $9,200. Real growth rate: –0.1%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 12%. Arable land: 2%. Agriculture: coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp. Labor force: 20.81 million (2006); agriculture 22.7%, industry 18.7%, services 58.5% (2000 est.). Industries: textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower. Exports: $31.3 billion (2009 est.): petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers. Imports: $31.67 billion (2009 est.): industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity. Major trading partners: U.S., Venezuela, Ecuador, China, Mexico, Brazil (2004).

Comoros






President: Ahmed Abdallah Sambi (2006)

Total area: 838 sq mi (2,170 sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Moroni (on Grande Comoro), 60,200

Monetary unit: Franc

National Name: Union des Comores

Languages: Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend)Ethnicity/race: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, SakalavaNational Holiday: Independence Day, July 6Religions: Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP: (2009 est.) $761 million; per capita $1,000. Real growth rate: 1.0%. Inflation: 3%. Unemployment: 20% (1996 est.). Arable land: 36%. Agriculture: vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca). Labor force: 144,500 (1996 est.): agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%. Industries: tourism, perfume distillation.Natural resources: negl. Exports: $32 million (2006 est.): vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), cloves, copra. Imports: $143 million (2006 est.): rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment. Major trading partners: U.S., France, Singapore, Turkey, Germany, South Africa, Kenya, UAE, Italy, Pakistan, Mauritius (2004).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 880 km; paved: 673 km; unpaved: 207 km (1999 est.). Ports and harbors: Mayotte, Moutsamoudou. Airports: 4 (2004 est.)

congo






President:Denis Sassou-Nguesso (1997)

Prime Minister:Isidore Mvouba (2005)

Land area:131,853 sq mi (341,499 sq km);total area:132,047 sq mi (342,000 sq km)

Population (2010 est.):4,125,916 (growth rate: 2.8%); birth rate: 41.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 77.9/1000; life expectancy: 54.5; density per sq km: 11

Capital and largest city (2003 est.):Brazzaville, 1,169,900

Other large city:Pointe-Noire, 544,200

Monetary unit:CFA Franc

National name:République du Congo

Current government officialsLanguages:French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialectsEthnicity/race:Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%National Holiday:Independence Day, August 15Religions:Christian 50%, animist 48%, Islam 2%

Literacy rate:84% (2003 est.)

Economic summary:GDP/PPP(2009 est.): $16.41 billion; per capita $4,100.Real growth rate:6.6%.Inflation:4%.Unemployment:n.a.Arable land:1%.Agriculture:cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products.Labor force:n.a.Industries:petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes.Natural resources: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas, hydropower.Exports:$7.54 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds.Imports:$2.72 million (2009 est.): capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs.Major trading partners:China, Taiwan, North Korea, U.S., France, South Korea, Germany, Italy, Netherlands (2004).





http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/congo-republic-of-the.html


Congo, democratic republic of the

President: Joseph Kabila (2001)

Prime Minister: Adolphe Muzito (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kinshasa, 6,541,300 Other large cities: Lubumbashi, 1,105,900; Mbuji-Mayi, 938,000; Kolwezi, 832,400; Kisangani, 523,000

Monetary unit: Congolese franc

National Name: Republique Democratique du Congo

Languages: French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, TshilubaEthnicity/race: With over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes—Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic)—make up about 45% of the populationNational Holiday: Independence Day, June 30Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Islam 10%; other syncretic and indigenous 10%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $21.3 billion; per capita $300. Real growth rate: 2.7%. Inflation: 16.7% (2007 est.). Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, quinine, cassava (tapioca), palm oil, bananas, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products. Labor force: n.a. Industries: mining (diamonds, copper, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair. Natural resources: cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower, timber. Exports: $6.1 billion (2007 est.): diamonds, copper, crude oil, coffee, cobalt. Imports: $5.2 billion (2007 est.): foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport






Costa rica

Republic of Costa Rica

President: Laura Chinchilla (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): San José, 1,527,300 (metro. area), 337,200 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Colón

National name: República de Costa Rica

Current government officialsLanguages: Spanish (official), EnglishEthnicity/race: white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%National Holiday: Independence Day, September 15Religion: Roman Catholic 76%, Evangelical 14%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other Protestant 1%, other 5%, none 3%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $48.6 billion; per capita $10,900. Real growth rate: –1.6%. Inflation: 8.3%. Unemployment: 6.4%. Arable land: 4%. Agriculture: coffee, pineapples, bananas, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef; timber. Labor force: 1.82 million; agriculture 20%, industry 22%, services 58% (1999 est.). Industries: microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products. Natural resource: hydropower. Exports: $8.1 billion (2009 est.): coffee, bananas, sugar, pineapples; textiles, electronic components, medical equipment. Imports: $10.53 billion (2009 est.): raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum. Major trading partners: U.S., Netherlands, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Brazil (2004).

Côte d'Ivoire





http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/costa-rica.html


President: Laurent Gbagbo (2000)

Prime Minister: Charles Konan Banny (transitional) (2005)



Capital (2003 est.): Yamoussoukro (official), 185,600; Largest city and administrative center: Abidjan, 4,113,600 (metro. area), 3,427,500 (city proper)


Languages: French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.)Ethnicity/race: Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques (Gur) 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)National Holiday: Independence Day, August 7Religions: indigenous 25%–40%, Islam 35%–40%, Christian 20%–30% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $35.82 billion; per capita $1,700. Real growth rate: 3.8%. Inflation: 2.0%. Unemployment: unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a result of the civil war. Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber. Labor force: 6.95 million. Industries: foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity, ship construction and repair. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, hydropower. Exports: $8.98 billion (2009 est.): cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish. Imports: $6.5 billion (2009 est.): fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: France, Netherlands, U.S., Nigeria, Italy, Thailand (2004).






crotia

President: Ivo Josipovic (2010)

Prime Minister: Jadranka Kosor (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Zagreb, 685,500

Other large cities: Split, 173,600; Rijeka, 142,500; Osijek, 89,600

Monetary unit: Kuna

Languages: Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German)Ethnicity/race: Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, Bosniak 0.5%, Hungarian 0.4%, Slovene 0.3%, Czech 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Albanian 0.1%, Montenegrin 0.1%, others 4.1% (2001)National Holiday: Independence Day, October 8Religions: Roman Catholic 88%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 1%, other Christian less than 1%, none 5% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $79.21 billion; per capita $17,600. Real growth rate: –5.2%. Inflation: 2.4%. Unemployment: 16.1% official rate; labor force surveys indicate unemployment around 14% (Dec. 2004 est.). Arable land: 26%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products. Labor force: 1.71 million; agriculture 2.7%, industry 32.8%, services 64.5% (2004). Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism. Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower. Exports: $10.6 billion (2009 est.): transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels. Imports: $22.1 billion (2009 est.): machinery, transport.

Cuba






President: Raúl Castro (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Havana, 2,686,000 (metro. area), 2,343,700 (city proper)

Other large cities: Santiago de Cuba, 554,400; Camagüey, 354,400; Holguin, 319,300; Guantánamo, 274,300; Santa Clara, 251,800

Monetary unit: Cuban Peso

Language: SpanishEthnicity/race: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%National Holiday: Triumph of the Revolution, December 10Religions: predominantly Roman Catholic and Santería (Afro-Cuban syncretic religion)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $111.1 billion; per capita $9,700 . Real growth rate: 1.4%. Inflation: 4.3%. Unemployment: 1.6%. Arable land: 33%. Agriculture: sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock. Labor force: 4.82 million; note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2006 est.); agriculture 20%, industry 19.4%, services 60.6% (2006).Industries: sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals. Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land. Exports: $3.25 billion (2009 est.): sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee. Imports: $10.86 billion (2009 est.): petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals. Major trading partners: Netherlands, Canada, China, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, U.S., Italy, Mexico (2004).

Cyprus






President: Dimitris Christofias (2008)

Land area: 3,568 sq mi (9,241 sq km); total area: 3,571 sq mi ()


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lefkosia (Nicosia) (in government-controlled area), 197,600

Monetary unit: Euro

Languages: Greek, Turkish (both official); EnglishEthnicity/race: Greek 77%, Turkish 18% (each concentrated almost exclusively in separate areas); other 5% (2001)National Holiday: Independence Day, October 1Religions: Greek Orthodox 78%, Islam 18%, Maronite, other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP: $22.97 billion (2009 est.): $4.54 billion; $7,135 per capita (2007 est.). Real growth rate: –0.8%. Inflation: 0.9% (2009 est.). Unemployment: 4.8%. Arable land: 10.8%. Agriculture: citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese. Labor force: Greek Cypriot area: 380,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 95,025 (2006 est.); Greek Cypriot area: agriculture 7.4%, industry 38.2%, services 54.4%; Turkish Cypriot area: agriculture 14.5%, industry 29%, services 56.5% (2004 est.). Industries: tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay products. Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment. Exports: $1.13 billion (2009 est.). Imports: $6.6 billion (2007 est.). Major trading partners: UK, Greece, Germany, UAE, France, Italy, Japan, Israel, Netherlands, China (2006).






Czech Republic

President: Václav Klaus (2003)

Prime Minister-designate: Jan Fischer (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Prague, 1,378,700 (metro. area), 1,169,800 (city proper)

Other large cities: Brno, 376,400; Ostrava, 317,700; Plzen, 164,900; Olomouc, 102,900

Monetary unit: Koruna

Language: CzechEthnicity/race: Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001)National Holiday: Czech Founding Day, October 28Religions: Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 2%, unaffiliated 59% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $256.6 billion; per capita $25,100. Real growth rate: –4.1%. Inflation: 1.1%. Unemployment: 9.3%. Arable land: 38.8%. Agriculture: wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry. Labor force: 5.31 million; agriculture 4.1%, industry 37.6%, services 58.3% (2003 est.). Industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments. Natural resources: hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber. Exports: $106.4 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment 52%, chemicals 5%, raw materials and fuel 9% (2003). Imports: $99.97 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003). Major trading partners:Germany, Slovakia, Austria, Poland, UK, France, Italy, Netherlands, China, Russia (2004).

Transportation: Railways: total: 9,597 km km (2006). Highways: total: 127,865 km; paved: 127,865 km (including 633 km of expressways); unpaved: 0 km (2006). Waterways: 664 km (on Elbe, Vltava, and Oder rivers) (2004). Ports and harbors: Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem. Airports: 122 (2007).






Denmark

Sovereign: Queen Margrethe II (1972)

Prime Minister: Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2001)

Land area: 16,359 sq mi (42,370 sq km); total area: 16,639 sq mi (43,094 sq km)1


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Copenhagen, 1,094,400

Other large cities: Århus, 220,700; Odense, 144,600; Ålborg, 120,600

Monetary unit: Krone

Languages: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second languageEthnicity/race: Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, SomaliNational Holiday: Constitution Day, June 5Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%

Literacy rate: 100%

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $198.6 billion; per capita $36,000. Real growth rate: –4.3%. Inflation: 1.3%. Unemployment: 4.3%. Arable land: 54%. Agriculture: barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 2.9 million; agriculture 3%, industry 21%, services 76% (2004 est.). Industries: iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand. Exports: $91.9 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills. Imports: $84.07 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods. Major trading partners: Germany, Sweden, UK, U.S., Netherlands, Norway, France, Italy, China (2004).






Djibouti

President: Ismail Omar Guelleh (1999)

Prime Minister: Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001)



Capital (1995 est.): Djibouti, 383,000

Monetary unit: Djibouti franc

Languages: French and Arabic (both official), Somali, AfarEthnicity/race: Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian)National Holiday: Independence Day, June 27Religions: Islam 94%, Christian 6%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.01 billion; per capita $2,800. Real growth rate: 6.4%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 59% in urban areas, 83% in rural areas (2007 est.). Arable land: 0.04%. Agriculture: fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides. Labor force: 282,000 (2000). Industries: construction, agricultural processing, salt. Natural resources:geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum. Exports: $340 million (2006 est.): reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit). Imports: $1.555 billion f.o.b. (2006): foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products. Major trading partners: Somalia, Yemen, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, India, China (2006).

Transportation: Railways: total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) (2006). Highways: total: 2,890 km; paved: 364 km; unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.). Waterways: none. Ports and harbors: Djibouti. Airports: 13 (2007).

Dominica






President: Nicholas Liverpool (2003)

Prime Minister: Roosevelt Skerrit (2004)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Roseau, 20,000

Monetary unit: East Caribbean dollar

Languages: English (official) and French patoisEthnicity/race: black, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, Carib AmerindianNational Holiday: Independence Day, November 3Religions: Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $743 million; per capita $10,200. Real growth rate: 1.1%. Inflation: 2.7% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 23% (2000 est.). Arable land: 7%. Labor force: 25,000 (1999 est); agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28%. Agriculture: bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and fishery potential not exploited. Industries: soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes. Natural resources: timber, hydropower, arable land. Exports: $74 million f.o.b. (2004 est.): bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges. Imports: $234 million f.o.b. (2004 est.): manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals. Major trading partners: UK, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Guyana, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S., China, South Korea (2004).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 780 km; paved: 393 km; unpaved: 393 km (1999 est.). Ports and harbors: Portsmouth, Roseau. Airports: 2 (2004 est.).

Dominican Republic






President: Leonel Fernández (2004)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Santo Domingo, 2,851,300 (metro. area), 2,252,400 (city proper)

Other large city: Santiago de los Caballeros, 501,800

Monetary unit: Dominican Peso

Language: SpanishEthnicity/race: white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%National Holiday: Independence Day, February 27Religion: Roman Catholic 95%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $80.53 billion; per capita $8,300. Real growth rate: 1.8%. Inflation: 1.4%. Unemployment: 15.1%. Arable land: 23%. Agriculture: sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy

products, beef, eggs. Labor force: 3.9 million (2007 est); services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.). Industries: tourism, sugar processing,

ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco. Natural resources: nickel, bauxite, gold, silver. Exports: $5.37 billion (2009 est.): ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee,

cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods. Imports: $12.14 billion (2009 est.): foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Major trading

partners: U.S., UK, Belgium, Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico (2006).Transportation: Railways: total: 517 km (2006). Highways: total: 12,600 km; paved: 6,224 km; unpaved: 6,376 km (1999). Ports and harbors: Boca Chica, Puerto Plata, Rio Haina, Santo

Domingo. Airports: 34 (2007).

Ecuador






President: Rafael Correa (2007)

Land area: 106,888 sq mi (276,840 sq km); total area: 109, 483 sq mi (283,560 sq km)


Capital (2003 est.): Quito 1,780,700 (metro. area), 1,443,900 (city proper)

Largest cities: Guayaquil, 2,597,600 (metro. area), 2,013,500 (city proper); Cuenca, 285,700

Monetary unit: U.S. dollar

Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languagesEthnicity/race: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%National Holiday: Independence Day, August 10Religion: Roman Catholic 95%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $108.2 billion; per capita $7,400. Real growth rate: –1%. Inflation: 4.3%. Unemployment: 7.9% official rate Arable land: 6%. Agriculture: bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp. Labor force: 4.6 million (urban) (2007 est.); agriculture 8%, industry 24%, services 68% (2001). Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower. Exports: $13.7 billion (2009 est.): petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp. Imports: $14.0 billion (2009 est.): vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity. Major trading partners: U.S., Peru, Italy, Colombia, Brazil, Chile, Panama (2006). Transportation: Railways: total: 966 km (2006). Highways: total: 43,197 km; paved: 8,164 km; unpaved: 35,033 km (2002). Waterways: 1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003). Ports and harbors: Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar. Airports: 406 (2007).

East Timor






President: Jose Ramos-Horta (2007)

Prime Minister: Xanana Gusmão (2007)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Dili, 50,800


National name: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e/Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste

Languages: Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and KemakEthnicity/race: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minorityNational Holiday: Independence Day, November 28Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Islam 4%, Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist, animist (1992 est.)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.74 billion; per capita $2,400. Real growth rate: 7.2%. Inflation: 1.4%. Unemployment: 20% estimated; note: unemployment in urban areas reached 20%; data do not include underemployed (2001 est.). Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: coffee, rice, corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla. Labor force: n.a. Industries: printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth. Natural resources: gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble. Exports: $10 million; note: excludes oil (2005 est.): coffee, sandalwood, marble; note: potential for oil and vanilla exports. Imports: $202 million (2004 est.): food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery. Major trading partner: Indonesia (2004).






Egypt

President: vacant; former president Hosni Mubarak

ceded control to the military in Feb. 2011

Prime Minister: Essam Sharaf (2011)

Land area: 384,344 sq mi (995,451 sq km); total area: 386,662 sq mi (1,001,450 sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Cairo, 11,146,000 (metro. area), 7,629,866 (city proper) Other large cities: Alexandria, 3,891,000; Giza, 2,597,600 (part of Cairo metro. area); Shubra el Khema, 1,018,000 (part of Cairo metro. area); El Mahalla el Kubra, 462,300

Monetary unit: Egyptian pound

National name: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

Languages: Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classesEthnicity/race: Egyptian 98%, Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja 1%, Greek, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%National Holiday: Revolution Day, July 23Religions: Islam (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, Christian 1%, other 6%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP $471.2 billion (2009 est.); per capita $6,000. Real growth rate: 4.7%. Inflation: 10.1%. Unemployment: 9.7%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats. Labor force: 22.5 million (2007); agriculture 32%, industry 17%, services 51% (2001 est.). Industries: textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc. Exports: $22.91 billion (2009 est.): crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals. Imports: $43.9 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment.

United Kingdom







Prime Minister: David Cameron (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): London, 7,615,000 (metro. area), 7,429,200 (city proper) Other large cities: Glasgow, 1,099,400; Birmingham, 971,800; Liverpool, 461,900; Edinburgh, 460,000; Leeds, 417,000; Bristol, 406,500; Manchester, 390,700; Bradford, 288,400

Monetary unit: Pound sterling (£)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Languages: English, Welsh, Scots GaelicEthnicity/race: English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%; Northern Irish 2.9%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001)Religions: Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.149 trillion; per capita $35,200. Real growth rate: –4.8%. Inflation: 2.1%. Unemployment: 8.0%. Arable land: 23%. Agriculture: cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish. Labor force: 30.07 million; agriculture 1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5% (2004). Industries: machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods. Natural resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land. Exports:$351.3 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco. Imports: $473.6 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, machinery,





Estonia

President: Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006)

Prime Minister: Andrus Ansip (2005)

Land area: 16,684 sq mi (43,211 sq km); total area: sq mi (sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tallinn, 379,000

Other large city: Tartu, 100,100

Monetary unit: Kroon

National name: Eesti Vabariik

Languages: Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000)Ethnicity/race: Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belorussian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000)National Holiday: Independence Day, February 24Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 14%, Russian Orthodox 13%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1%, unaffiliated 34%, none 6% (2001)

Literacy: 100% (2003 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $24.36 billion; per capita $18,700. Real growth rate: –14.1%. Inflation: –0.4%. Unemployment: 14.3%. Arable land: 12.05%. Agriculture: potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish. Labor force: 688,000; industry 20%, agriculture 11%, services 69% (1999 est.). Industries: engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information technology, telecommunications. Natural resources: oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud. Exports: $9.23 billion (2009 est.):

Fiji






President: Ratu Epeli Nailatikau (2009)

Prime Minister: Frank Bainimarama (2007)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Suva (on Viti Levu), 177,300

Monetary unit: Fiji dollar

Languages: English (official), Fijian, HindustaniEthnicity/race: Fijian 51%, Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998)Religions: Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Islam 8%, other 2%National Holiday: Independence Day, 2nd Monday of October


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $3.7 billion; per capita $3,900. Real growth rate: –2.5%. Inflation: 4.8%. Unemployment: 7.6% (1999). Arable land: 11%. Agriculture: sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish. Labor force: 137,000 (1999); agriculture 70%, industry and services 30% (2001 est.). Industries:tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries. Natural resources: timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower. Exports: $1.2 billion (2006): sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil. Imports: $3.1 billion (2006): manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals. Major trading partners: U.S., Australia, UK, Samoa, Japan, China, Tonga, New Zealand (2006).

Finland






President: Tarja Halonen (2000)

Prime Minister: Matti Vanhanen (2003)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Helsinki, 1,162,900 (metro. area), 582,600 (city proper) Other large cities: Espoo, 229,500; Tampere, 201,200; Vantaa, 189,200; Turku, 178,100

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly markka)

National name: Suomen Tasavalta—Republiken Finland

Languages: Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minoritiesEthnicity/race: Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Sami (Lapp) 0.1%, Roma 0.2%, Estonian 0.2%Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 84%, Greek Orthodox 1%, other Christian 1%, none 14%National Holiday: Independence Day, December 6


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $182.6 billion; per capita $34,900. Real growth rate: –7.6%. Inflation: 0%. Unemployment: 8.5%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish. Labor force: 2.68 million; agriculture and forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, transport and communications 8%, public services 32%. Industries: metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing. Natural resources: timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone. Exports: $57.8 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999). Imports: $54.1 billion (2009 est.): foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel,

France






President: Nicolas Sarkozy (2007)

Prime Minister: François Fillon (2007)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Paris, 9,854,000 (metro. area), 2,110,400 (city proper)

Other large cities: Marseille, 820,700; Lyon, 443,900; Toulouse, 411,800; Nice, 332,000; Nantes, 282,300; Strasbourg, 272,600; Bordeaux, 217,000

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly French franc)

National name: République Française

Languages: French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)Ethnicity/race: Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Southeast Asian, and Basque minoritiesReligions: Roman Catholic 83%–88%, Protestant 2%, Islam 5%–10%, Jewish 1%, unaffiliated 4%National Holiday: Fete de la Federation, July 14


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.11 trillion; per capita $32,800. Real growth rate: –2.2%. Inflation: 0.1%. Unemployment: 9.7%. Arable land: 34%. Agriculture: wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 27.76 million; services 71.5%, industry 24.4%, agriculture 4.1% (1999). Industries: machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism. Natural resources: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber, fish. Exports: $456.8 billion (2009 est.).

Gabon






President: Ali Bongo Ondimba (2009)

Premier: Paul Biyoghé Mba (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Libreville, 661,600 Other large cities: Port-Gentil, 116,200; Franceville, 41,300


National name: République Gabonaise

Languages: French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, BandjabiEthnicity/race: Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings: Fang, Punu, Nzeiby, Mbede (Obamba/Bateke); other Africans and Europeans 10.8%, including 0.8% French and 0.8% persons of dual nationalityReligions: Christian 55%–75%, animist, Islam less than 1%National Holiday: Independence Day, August 17


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $20.9 billion; per capita $13,900. Real growth rate: –1.0%. Inflation: 3%. Unemployment: 21% (2006 est.). Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish. Labor force: 582,000 (2007); agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25%. Industries: petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower. Exports: $5.86 billion (2009 est.): crude oil 77%, timber, manganese, uranium (2001). Imports: $2.29 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals,

Germany






President: Christian Wulff (2010)

Chancellor: Angela Merkel (2005)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Berlin (capital since Oct. 3, 1990), 3,933,300 (metro. area), 3,274,500 (city proper)

Other large cities: Hamburg, 1,686,100; Munich, 1,185,400; Cologne, 965,300; Frankfurt, 648,000; Essen, 588,800; Dortmund, 587,600; Stuttgart, 581,100; Düsseldorf, 568,900; Bremen, 527,900; Hanover, 516,300; Duisburg, 513,400

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Deutsche mark)

National name: Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Language: GermanEthnicity/race: German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, Italian 0.7%, Greek 0.4%, Polish 0.4%, other 4.6%Religions: Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Islam 4%, Unaffiliated or other 28%National Holiday: Unity Day, October 3


Economic summary GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.81 trillion; per capita $34,100. Real growth rate: –5.0%. Inflation: 0%. Unemployment: 8.2%. Arable land: 34%. Agriculture: potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry. Labor force: 43.63 million; industry 33.4%, agriculture 2.8%, services 63.8% (1999). Industries: among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals.

Greece






President: Karolos Papoulias (2005)

Prime Minister: George Papandreou (2009)



Capital (2003 est.): Athens, 3,247,000 (metro. area), 747,300 (city proper)

Other large cities: Thessaloníki, 361,200; Piraeus, 179,300; Patras, 167,000

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly drachma)

National name: Elliniki Dimokratia

Current government officialsLanguages: Greek 99% (official), English, FrenchEthnicity/race: Greek 98%, other 2%; note: the Greek government states there are no ethnic divisions in GreeceReligions: Greek Orthodox 98%, Islam 1%, other 1%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $341 billion; per capita $32,100. Real growth rate: –2.0%. Inflation: 1.2%. Unemployment: 9.0%. Arable land: 21%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products. Labor force: 4.94 million; agriculture 12%, industry 20%, services 68% (2004 est.). Industries: tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum. Natural resources: lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential. Exports: $21.37 billion (2009 est.): food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles. Imports: $64.2 billion (2009 est.): machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals. Major trading

Guyana




http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/greece.html


President: Bharrat Jagdeo (1999)

Prime Minister: Samuel Hinds (1999)


Population (2010 est.): 748,486 (growth rate: –0.5%); birth rate: 17.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 37.9/1000; life expectancy: 66.7; density per sq km: 3

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Georgetown, 227,700

Monetary unit: Guyanese dollar

Languages: English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, UrduEthnicity/race: East Indian 50%; black 36%; Amerindian 7%; white, Chinese, and mixed 7%Religions: Christian 50%, Hindu 35%, Islam 10%, other 5%National Holiday: Republic Day, February 23


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.84 billion; per capita $3,800. Real growth rate: –1.7%. Inflation: 5.2%. Unemployment: 11% (2000) (understated). Arable land: 2%. Labor force: 418,000 (2001 est.); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Agriculture: sugarcane, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish, shrimp. Industries: bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining. Natural resources: bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish. Exports: $652 million (2009 est.): sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber. Imports: $1.06 billion (2009 est.): manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food. Major trading partners: Canada, U.S., Netherlands, UK, Portugal, Belgium, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba (2006

Haiti






President: René Préval (2006)

Prime Minister: Jean-Max Bellerive (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Port-au-Prince, 1,764,000 (metro. area), 1,119,000 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Gourde

National name: République d'Haïti

Current government officialsLanguages: Creole and French (both official)Ethnicity/race: black 95%, mulatto and white 5%Religions: Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), other 3%, none 1%. Note: roughly half the population practices VaudouNational Holiday: Independence Day, January 1


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $11.2 billion; per capita $1,300. Real growth rate: 2.0%. Inflation: 0.4%. Unemployment: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2009 est.). Arable land: 28%. Agriculture: coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood. Labor force: 3.6 million; note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995); agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%. Industries: sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts. Natural resources: bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower. Exports: $524 million (2009 est.): manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa, mangoes. Imports: $2.0 billion (2009 est.): food,

Hungary





http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/haiti.html


President: László Sólyom (2005)

Prime Minister: Viktor Orban (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Budapest, 2,597,000 (metro. area), 1,769,500 (city proper) Other large cities: Debrecen, 210,500; Miskolc, 182,600; Szeged, 173,200; Pécs, 163,900

Monetary unit: Forint

National name: Magyar Köztársaság

Languages: Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6%Ethnicity/race: Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001)Religions: Roman Catholic 52%, Calvinist 16%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 3%, other Christian 1%, unaffiliated 15% (2001)National Holiday: Saint Stephen's Day, August 20


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $184.9 billion; per capita $18,600. Real growth rate: –6.7%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 10.8%. Arable land: 50%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products. Labor force: 4.19 million; agriculture 5.5%, industry 33.3%, services 61.2% (2003). Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles. Natural resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land. Exports: $83.3 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2003). Imports: $76.9 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0%)

Iceland






President: Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (2004)

Prime Minister: Johanna Sigurdardottir (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Reykjavik, 184,200 (metro. area), 114,800 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Icelandic króna

National name: Lydveldid Island

Languages: Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spokenEthnicity/race: homogeneous mixture of Norse/Celtic descendants 94%, population of foreign origin 6%Religions: Lutheran Church of Iceland 85.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.1%, Roman Catholic Church 2%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.5%, other Christian 2.7%, other or unspecified 3.8%, unaffiliated 2.4% (2004)National Holiday: Independence Day, June 17


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $12.15 billion; per capita $39,600. Real growth rate: –6.6%. Inflation: 12%. Unemployment: 8.2%. Arable land: 0.07%. Agriculture: potatoes, green vegetables; mutton, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 180,000; agriculture, fishing and fish processing 5.1%, industry 23%, services 71.4% (2005). Industries: fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, tourism. Natural resources: fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite. Exports: $4.2 billion (2009 est.): fish and fish products 70%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite. Imports: $2.82 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles. Major trading partners: UK, Germany, Netherlands, U.S., China, Spain, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, Japan (2008).

India






President: Pratibha Patil (2007)

Prime Minister: Manmohan Singh (2004)


Population (2010 est.): 1,173,108,018 (growth rate: 1.3%); birth rate: 21.3/1000; infant mortality rate: 49.1/1000; life expectancy: 66.4; density per sq km: 386

Capital (2003 est.): New Delhi, 15,334,000 (metro. area), 9,817,439 (city proper) Largest cities: Bombay (Mumbai), 18,336,000 (metro. area), 11,914,398 (city proper); Calcutta (Kolkata), 14,299,000 (metro. area), 4,760,800 (city proper); Bangalore, 4,461,100; Madras (Chennai), 4,382,100; Ahmedabad, 3,653,700; Hyderabad, 3,585,600; Kanpur, 2,631,800

Monetary unit: Rupee National name: Bharat

Principal languages: Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialectsEthnicity/race: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)Religions: Hindu 81%, Islam 13%, Christian 2%, Sikh 2% (2001)National Holiday: Republic Day, January 26


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $3.56 trillion; per capita $3,100. Real growth rate: 6.5%. Inflation: 10.7%. Unemployment: 10.7%. Arable land: 49%. Agriculture: rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish. Labor force: 516.4 million; agriculture 60%, services 12%, industry 28% (2003). Industries: textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software. Natural resources: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land. Exports: $165 billion (2009 est.): textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures. Imports: $253.9 billion

Indonesia






President: Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Jakarta, 13,194,000 (metro. area), 8,389,443 (city proper)

Other large cities: Surabaya, 3,038,800; Bandung, 2,733,500; Medan, 2,204,300; Semarang, 1,267,100

Monetary unit: Rupiah

National name: Republik Indonesia

Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialectsEthnicity/race: Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%Religions: Islam 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1% (1998)National Holiday: Independence Day, August 17


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $969.2 billion; per capita $4,000. Real growth rate: 4.5%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 7.7%. Arable land: 11%. Agriculture: rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs. Labor force: 108 million (2007 est.); agriculture 43.3%, industry 18%, services 38.7% (2004 est.). Industries:petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism. Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver. Exports: $115.6 billion (2009 est.): oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber. Imports: $86.6 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Japan, U.S., Singapore, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Malaysia (2006).

Iran






Chief of State: Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (1989)

President: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tehran, 7,796,257 (city proper)

Other large cities: Mashad, 2,061,100; Isfahan, 1,378,600; Tabriz, 1,213,400

Monetary unit: Rial

National name: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran

Languages: Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%Ethnicity/race: Persian 51%, Azerbaijani 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%Religions: Islam 98% (Shi'a 89%, Sunni 9%); Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%National Holiday: Republic Day, April 1


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $876 billion; per capita $12,900. Real growth rate: 2.6%. Inflation: 16.8%. Unemployment: 11.8%). Arable land: 9%. Agriculture: wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar. Labor force: 28.7 million; note: shortage of skilled labor; agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2006 est.).Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabrication, armaments. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur. Exports: $70.1 billion (2009 est.): petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets. Imports: $57.1 billion (2009

Iraq






President: Jalal Talabani (2005)

Prime Minister: Nuri al-Maliki (2006)

Land area: 167,556 sq mi (433,970 sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Baghdad, 6,777,300 (metro. area), 5,772,000 (city proper)

Largest cities: Mosul, 1,791,600; Basra, 1,377,000; Irbil, 864,900; Kirkuk, 755,700


National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah

Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, ArmenianEthnicity/race: Arab 75%–80%, Kurdish 15%–20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5%Religions: Islam 97% (Shiite 60%–65%, Sunni 32%–37%), Christian or other 3%National Holiday: Revolution Day, July 17


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $112 billion; per capita $3,600. Real growth rate: 4.3%. Inflation: 6.8%. Unemployment: 15.2%. Arable land: 13%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry. Labor force: 7.4 million; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur. Exports: $38 billion (2009): crude oil (83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%). Imports: $55.4 billion (2009): food, medicine, manufactures. Major trading partners: U.S., Spain, Italy, Canada, Syria, Turkey, Jordan (2006).

Italy






President: Giorgio Napolitano (2006)

Prime Minister: Silvio Berlusconi (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Rome, 3,550,900 (metro. area), 2,455,600 (city proper)

Other large cities: Milan, 1,180,700; Naples, 991,700; Turin, 856,000; Palermo, 651,500; Genoa, 602,500; Bologna, 369,300; Florence, 351,600; Bari, 311,900; Catania, 305,900; Venice, 265,700

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly lira)

National name: Repubblica Italiana

Languages: Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minoritiesEthnicity/race: Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian- and Greek-Italians in the south)Religions: Roman Catholic approx. 90%, Protestant, Jewish, IslamicNational Holiday: Republic Day, June 2


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.76 trillion; per capita $30,300. Real growth rate: –4.8%. Inflation: 0.6%. Unemployment: 7.5%. Arable land: 26%. Agriculture: fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 24.86 million; services 63%, industry 32%, agriculture 5% (2001). Industries: tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics. Natural resources: coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorospar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land. Exports: $369 billion (2009 est.).

Japan






Emperor: Akihito (1989)

Prime Minister: Naoto Kan (2010)


Population (2010 est.): 126,804,433 (growth rate: -0.24%); birth rate: 7.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 2.8/1000; life expectancy: 82.1; density per sq km: 339

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tokyo, 35,327,000 (metro. area), 8,483,050 (city proper)

Other large cities: Yokohama, 3,494,900 (part of Tokyo metro. area); Osaka, 11,286,000 (metro. area), 2,597,000 (city proper); Nagoya, 2,189,700; Sapporo, 1,848,000; Kobe, 1,529,900 (part of Osaka metro. area); Kyoto, 1,470,600 (part of Osaka metro. area); Fukuoka, 1,368,900; Kawasaki, 1,276,200 (part of Tokyo metro. area); Hiroshima, 1,132,700

Monetary unit: Yen

National name: Nippon

Language: JapaneseEthnicity/race: Japanese 99%; Korean, Chinese, Brazillian, Filipino, other 1% (2004)Religions: Shintoist and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)National Holiday: Birthday of Emperor Akihito, December 23


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $4.13 trillion; per capita $32,600. Real growth rate: –5.3%. Inflation: –1.3%. Unemployment: 5.6%. Arable land: 12%. Agriculture: rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish. Labor force: 66.07 million; agriculture 4.6%, industry 27.8%, services 67.7% (2004). Industries: among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods. Natural resources: negligible mineral resources, fish. Exports: $516.3 billion (2009 est.): transport equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, electrical machinery, chemicals. Imports: $490.6

Jordan






Ruler: King Abdullah II (1999)

Prime Minister: Samir al-Rifai (2009)

Land area: 35,344 sq mi (91,541 sq km); total area: 35,637 sq mi (92,300 sq km) excludes West Bank


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Amman, 2,677,500 (metro. area), 1,293,200

Other large cities: Zarka, 512,200; Irbid, 267,200; As-Salt, 200,400

Monetary unit: Jordanian dinar

National name: Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniya al-Hashimiyah

Languages: Arabic (official), EnglishEthnicity/race: Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%Religions: Islam (Sunni) 92%, Christian 6% (mostly Greek Orthodox), other 2%National Holiday: Independence Day, May 25


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $33.05 billion; per capita $5,30. Real growth rate: 3.1%. Inflation: 1.7%. Unemployment: 13.5% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30% (2007 est.). Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons, olives; sheep, goats, poultry. Labor force: 1.563 million; services 85.8%, industry 10.5%, agriculture 3.7% (2007 est.). Industries: textiles, phosphate mining, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing, tourism. Natural resources: phosphates, potash, shale oil. Exports: $6.99 billion (2009 est.): clothing, phosphates, fertilizers, potash, vegetables, manufactures, pharmaceuticals. Imports: $12.31 billion (2007 est.): crude oil, textile fabrics, machinery, transport equipment, manufactured goods. Major trading partners: U.S., Iraq, India, Saudi Arabia, China, Germany (2004).

Kenya






President: Mwai Kibaki (2002)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Nairobi, 3,064,800 (metro. area), 2,411,900 (city proper)

Other large city: Mombasa, 712,600

Monetary unit: Kenya shilling

National name: Jamhuri ya Kenya

Current government officialsLanguages: English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languagesEthnicity/race: Kikuyu 22%; Luhya 14%; Luo 13%; Kalenjin 12%; Kamba 11%; Kisii 6%; Meru 6%; other African 15%; Asian, European, and Arab 1%Religions: Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Islam 10%, others 2% (note: estimates vary widely)National Holiday: Independence Day, December 12


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $63.73 billion; per capita $1,600. Real growth rate: 2%. Inflation: 20.5%. Unemployment: 40% (2008 est.). Arable land: 8%. Agriculture: tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs. Labor force: 11.85 million; agriculture 75%, industry and services 25% (2003 est.). Industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism. Natural resources: limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower. Exports: $4.48 billion (2009 est.): tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement. Imports: $9.03 billion (2009 est.):

Korea, North





http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/kenya.html


Head of State: Kim Jong II (1994)

Prime Minister: Kim Yong-Il (2007)



Capital and largest city (2003): Pyongyang, 3,222,000 (metro. area), 2,767,900

Monetary unit: won

National name: Choson Minjujuui Inmin Konghwaguk

Language: KoreanEthnicity/race: racially homogeneous; small Chinese community, a few ethnic JapaneseReligions: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities almost nonexistentNational Holiday: Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, September 9


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $40 billion note: North Korea does not publish any reliable National Income Accounts data; the datum shown here is derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2007 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the result was rounded to the nearest $10 billion; per capita $1,900. Real growth rate: 3.7%. Inflation: n.a. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 22.4% (2005). Agriculture: rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs. Labor force: 9.6 million; agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%. Industries:military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism. Natural resources: coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower. Exports: $2.06 billion (2008 est.): minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments),

Kuwait






Emir: Sheik Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah (2006)

Prime Minister: Sheik Nasser Muhammad al-Ahmad al-Sabah (2006)



Capital (2003 est.): Kuwait, 1,709,800 (metro. area), 32,600 (city proper)

Largest city: as-Salimiyah, 146,900

Monetary unit: Kuwaiti dinar (KD)

National name: Dawlat al-Kuwayt

Languages: Arabic (official), EnglishEthnicity/race: Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%Religions: Islam 85% (Sunni 70%, Shiite 30%); Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%National Holiday: National Day, February 25

Literacy rate: 93.3% (2005 census)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $145.7 billion; per capita $54,100. Real growth rate: –1.7%. Inflation: 9.9%. Unemployment: 2.2% (2004 est.). Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: practically no crops; fish. Labor force: 1.167 million; note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, desalination, food processing, construction materials. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas. Exports: $49.77 billion (2009 est.): oil and refined products, fertilizers. Imports: $20.8 billion (2009 est.): food, construction materials, vehicles and parts,

Libya






Chief of State: Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi (1969)

Prime Minister: Mubarak Abdallah al-Shamikh (2000)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tripoli, 2,357,800 (metro. area), 1,269,700 (city proper)

Other large city: Benghazi, 734,900

Monetary unit: Libyan dinar

National name: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

Languages: Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major citiesEthnicity/race: Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, TunisiansReligion: Islam (Sunni) 97%National Holiday: Revolution Day, September 1


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $95.88 billion; per capita $15,200. Real growth rate: 3.7%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 30% (2004 est.). Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle. Labor force: 1.64 million; agriculture 17%, industry 23%, services 60% (2004 est.). Industries: petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum. Exports: $33.97 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas. Imports: $26.82 billion (2009 est.): machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished goods, food, consumer products. Major trading partners: Italy, Germany, Spain, Turkey, France, South Korea, UK, Tunisia (2004).

Liechtenstein






Ruler: Prince Hans Adam II (1989)

Head of Government: Klaus Tschütscher (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Vaduz, 5,300

Monetary unit: Swiss franc

National name: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein

Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialectEthnicity/race: Alemannic 86%; Italian, Turkish, and other 14%Religions: Roman Catholic, 77%, Protestant, 7%; unknown, 11% (2002)National Holiday: Assumption Day, August 15


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $4.16 billion; per capita $122,100 (2007). Real growth rate: 3.1(2007)%. Inflation: 0.5% (2009). Unemployment: 1.5% (2007). Arable land: 25%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products. Labor force: 29,000 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (2001); industry 47.4%, services 51.3%, agriculture 1.3% (2001). Industries: electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments. Natural resources: hydroelectric potential, arable land. Exports: $3.92 billion (2008): small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products. Imports: $2.59 billion (2008): agricultural products, raw materials, machinery,

Malaysia






Head of State: Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud (2006)

Prime Minister: Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kuala Lumpur, 3,688,200 (metro. area), 1,403,400

Other large cities: Kelang, 683,200; Johor Bharu, 682,100

Monetary unit: Ringgit

Languages: Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East MalaysiaEthnicity/race: Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)Religions: Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist, Hindu, Christian, Sikh; Shamanism (East Malaysia)National Holiday: Independence Day/Malaysia Day, August 31


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $381.1 billion; per capita $14,800. Real growth rate: –2.2%. Inflation: 0.4%. Unemployment: 5%. Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia—rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah—subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak—rubber, pepper, timber. Labor force: 10.67 million; agriculture 14.5%, industry 36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.). Industries: Peninsular Malaysia—rubber and oil-palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah—logging, petroleum production; Sarawak—agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging. Natural resources: tin,

Mexico






President: Felipe Calderón (2006)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Mexico City, 19,013,000 (metro. area), 8,591,309 (city proper)

Other large cities: Ecatepec, 1,731,900 (part of Mexico City metro. area); Guadalajara, 1,665,800; Puebla, 1,345,500; Nezahualcóyotl, 1,250,700 (part of Mexico City metro. area); Monterrey, 1,135,000

Monetary unit: Mexican peso

Languages: Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languagesEthnicity/race: mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%National Holiday: Independence Day, September 16


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.48 trillion; per capita $13,500. Real growth rate: –6.5%. Inflation: 3.6%. Unemployment: 5.6% plus underemployment of perhaps 25%. Arable land: 13%. Agriculture: corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products. Labor force: 45.38 million; agriculture 18%, industry 24%, services 58% (2003). Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel,

Micronesia

Next

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107779.html?pageno=2






http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107779.html?pageno=2

President: Emmanuel Mori (2007)

Total area: 271 sq mi (702 sq km). Land area, same (includes islands of Pohnpei, Yap, Chuuk, and Kosrae)

Population (2010 est.): 107,154 (growth rate: –0.2); birth rate: 22.5/1000; infant mortality rate: 25.2/1000; life expectancy: 71.2; density per sq km: 153

Capital (2003 est.): Palikir 11,600

Monetary unit: U.S. Dollar

Languages: English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, KapingamarangiEthnicity/race: nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups

Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%

National Holiday: Constitution Day, May 10


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2008 est.): $238.1 million; note: GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually; per capita $2,200 (2008 est.). Real growth rate: 0.3%. Inflation: 2.2%. Unemployment: 22% (2000 est.). Arable land: 6%. Agriculture: black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish. Labor force: 37,410 (2000); agriculture: 0.9%, industry: 34.4%, services: 64.7%; note: two-thirds are government employees

Myanmar





Head of State: Senior Gen. Than Shwe (1992)

Prime Minister: Lt. Gen. Thein Sein (2007)

Land area: 253,954 sq mi (657,741 sq km); total area: 261,969 q mi (678,500 sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Rangoon (Yangon), 4,344,100 Naypyidaw (administrative capital) Other large city: Mandalay, 1,147,400

Monetary unit: Kyat

Languages: Burmese, minority languagesEthnicity/race: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%Religions: Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Islam 4%, Animist 1%, other 2%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $56.92 billion; per capita $1,100. Real growth rate: 1.8%. Inflation: 7.7%. Unemployment: 5%. Arable land: 15%. Agriculture: rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane; hardwood; fish and fish products. Labor force: 27.75 million; agriculture 70%, industry 7%, services 23% (2001). Industries: agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement; natural gas. Natural resources: petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower. Exports: $6.5 billion (2009); note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh: clothing, gas, wood products, p 492 (1997). Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998). Radios: 4.2 million (1997). Television broadcast stations: 2 (1998). Televisions: 320,000 (2000).

Nepal





Prime Minister: Pushpa Kamal Dahal (2008)

President: Ram Baran Yadav (2008)

Prime Minister: Madhav Kumar Nepal (2009)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kathmandu, 1,203,100 (metro. area), 729,000 (city proper)

Other large cities: Biratnagar, 174,600; Lalitpur, 169,100

Monetary unit: Nepalese rupee

Languages: Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001)Ethnicity/race: Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Chetri 15.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001)Religions: Hindu 81%, Buddhist 11%, Islam 4%, Kirant 4% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $33.25 billion; per capita $1,200. Real growth rate: 2.5%. Inflation: 13.2%. Unemployment: 46% (2008 est.). Arable land: 16%. Agriculture: rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat. Labor force: 11.11 million; note: severe lack of skilled labor (2004 est.); agriculture 76%, industry 6%, services 18%. Industries:tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production. Natural resources: quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore. Exports: $907 million (2008 est.), but does not include unrecorded border trade with India: carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain. Imports: $3.626 billion (2009 est.): gold,

Netherlands





Sovereign: Queen Beatrix (1980)

Prime Minister: Jan Peter Balkenende (2002)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Amsterdam (official), 737,900; The Hague (administrative capital), 465,900

Other large cities: Rotterdam, 600,700; Utrecht, 263,900; Eindhoven, 206,900

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly guilder)

National name: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

Languages: Dutch, Frisian (both official)Ethnicity/race: Dutch 83%, other 17% (9% of non-Western origin, mainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians) (1999 est.)Religions: Roman Catholic 31%, Dutch Reformed 13%, Calvinist 7%, Islam 6%, none 41% (2002)National Holiday: Queen's Day, April 30


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $654.9 billion; per capita $39,200. Real growth rate: –3.9%. Inflation: 1.2%. Unemployment: 5%. Arable land: 22%. Agriculture: grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock. Labor force: 7.5 million; agriculture 2.2%, industry 24%, services 73.8% (2007 est.). Industries: agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing. Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum.

New Zealand







Governor-General: Anand Satyanand (2006)

Prime Minister: John Key (2008)



Capital (2003 est.): Wellington, 342,500 (metro. area), 165,100 (city proper) Largest cities: Auckland, 369,300 (metro. area), 359,500 (city proper); Christchurch, 334,100

Monetary unit: New Zealand dollar

Languages: English, Maori (both official)Ethnicity/race: European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Pacific Islander 4.4%, Asian 5.7%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001)Religions: Anglican 15%, Roman Catholic 12%, Presbyterian 11%, Methodist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Baptist 1%, other Christian 9%, none 26% (2001)National Holiday: Waitangi Day, February 6


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $114.9 billion; per capita $27,300. Real growth rate: –1.4%. Inflation: 1.8%. Unemployment: 7.3%. Arable land: 6%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 2.23 million: services 74%, industry 19%, agriculture 7% (2006). Industries: food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining. Natural resources: natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone. Exports: $26.25 billion (2009 est.): dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery. Imports: $24.3 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics.

Norway






Sovereign: King Harald V (1991)

Prime Minister: Jens Stoltenberg (2005)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Oslo, 791,500 Other large cities: Bergen, 211,200; Stavanger, 168,600; Trondheim, 144,000

Monetary unit: Norwegian krone

National name: Kongeriket Norge

Languages: Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities)Ethnicity/race: Norwegian, Sami 20,000Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2% (2004)National Holiday: Constitution Day, May 17


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $273.1 billion; per capita $58,600. Real growth rate: –1%. Inflation: 2.3%. Unemployment: 3.2%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish. Labor force: 2.5 million; services 74%, industry 22%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4% (1995). Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing. Natural resources: petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower. Exports: $122 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish. Imports: $64.5 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: UK.

Oman






Sultan: Qabus ibn Sa'id (1970)

Total area: 82,031 sq mi (212,460 sq km)1


Capital (2003 est.): Muscat, 797,000 (metro. area), 54,800 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Omani rial

National name: Saltanat Uman

Current government officialsLanguages: Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialectsEthnicity/race: Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), AfricanReligions: Islam: Ibadhi 75%, Sunni, Shi'a; HinduNational Holiday: Birthday of Sultan Qaboos, November 18


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $69.48 billion; per capita $23,900. Real growth rate: 2.7%. Inflation: 5.3%. Unemployment: 15% (2004 est.). Arable land: 0.2%. Agriculture: dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish. Labor force: 920,000 (2002 est.); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber. Natural resources: petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas. Exports: $29.34 billion (2009 est.): petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles. Imports: $18.41 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants. Major trading partners: China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, UAE, UK, Italy, Germany, U.S. (2004).

Pakistan





http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/oman.html


President: Asif Ali Zardari (2008)

Prime minister: Yousaf Raza Gilani (2008)



Capital (2003 est.): Islamabad, 601,600

Largest cities: Karachi, 11,819,000 (metro area), 9,339,023 (city proper); Lahore, 5,756,100; Faisalabad (Lyallpur), 2,247,700; Rawalpindi, 1,598,600; Gujranwala, 1,384,100

Monetary unit: Pakistan rupee

Principal languages: Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8%Ethnicity/race: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendants)Religions: Islam 97% (Sunni 77%, Shiite 20%); Christian, Hindu, and other 3%National Holiday: Republic Day, March 23


Economic summary GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $449.3 billion; per capita $2,600. Real growth rate: 2.7%. Inflation: 14.2%. Unemployment: 15.2% plus substantial underemployment. Arable land: 25%. Agriculture: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs. Labor force: 46.84 million; note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor; agriculture 42%, industry 20%, services 38% (2004 est.). Industries: textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp. Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality

Philippines






President: Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Manila, 10,677,000 (metro. area), 1,581,082 (city proper) Other large cities: Quezon City (2000 est.), 1,669,776 (part of Manila metro. area); Cebu (2003 est.), 761,900

Monetary unit: Peso

National name: Republika ng Pilipinas

Languages: Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and PangasinenseEthnicity/race: Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000)Religions: Roman Catholic 81%, Evangelical 3%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 5%, Islam 5% (2000)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $324.8 billion; per capita $3,300. Real growth rate: 0.9%. Inflation: 3.2%. Unemployment: 7.5%. Arable land: 19%. Agriculture: sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, cassavas, pineapples, mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish. Labor force: 36.22 million; agriculture 35%, industry 15%, services 50% (2007 est.). Industries: electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing. Natural resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper. Exports: $37.2 billion (2009 est.): electronic equipment, machinery and transport equipment, garments, optical instruments, coconut products, fruits and nuts, copper products, chemicals.Imports: $45.8 billion (2009 est.): raw materials, machinery and equipment, fuels, vehicles and vehicle parts, plastic, chemicals, grains. Major trading partners: Japan, U.S.,

Poland





President: Bronislaw Komorowski (2010)

Prime Minister: Donald Tusk (2007)


Population (2010 est.): 38,463,689 (growth rate: –0.05%); birth rate: 10.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 6.6/1000; life expectancy: 75.8; density per sq mi: 328

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Warsaw, 2,201,900 (metro. area), 1,607,600 (city proper) Other large cities: Lodz, 778,200; Krakow, 733,100; Wroclaw, 632,200; Poznan, 581,200; Gdansk, 456,700; Szczecin, 415,700

Monetary unit: Zloty

National name: Rzeczpospolita Polska

Language: Polish 98% (2002)Ethnicity/race: Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belorussian 0.1% Ukrainian 0.1%, other 2.7% (2002)Religions: Roman Catholic 90% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1%, Protestant and other (2002)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $690.1 billion; per capita $17,900. Real growth rate: 1.7%. Inflation: 3.4%. Unemployment: 8.9%. Arable land: 40%. Agriculture: potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy. Labor force: 17.1 million; agriculture 16.1%, industry 29%, services 54.9% (2007). Industries: machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles. Natural resources: coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land. Exports: $134.7 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2003). Imports: $141.7 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels,

Portugal





Portuguese Republic

President: Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006)

Prime Minister: José Sócrates (2005)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lisbon, 2,618,100 (metro. area), 559,400 Other large city: Oporto, 264,200

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly escudo)

National name: República Portuguesa

Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)Ethnicity/race: homogeneous Mediterranean stock; less than 100,000 citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization; East Europeans have entered since 1990Religions: Religion Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% (2001 census)

Literacy rate: 93% (2003 est.).

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $233.4 billion; per capita $21,800. Real growth rate: –2.8%. Inflation: –0.9%. Unemployment: 9.2%. Arable land: 17%. Agriculture: grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, swine, poultry, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 5.62 million (2007 est.); services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (2001 est.). Industries:textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism. Natural resources: fish, forests (cork),

Qatar





Emir: Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani (1995)

Prime Minister: Sheik Hamad bin Jassem al Thani (2007)



Capital (2003 est.): Doha, 550,700 (metro. area), 318,500 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Qatari riyal

National name: Dawlat Qatar

Current government officialsLanguages: Arabic (official); English a common second languageEthnicity/race: Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%Religion: Religion Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census)

Literacy rate: 89% (2004 census)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $101.4 billion; per capita $121,700. Real growth rate: 9.5%. Inflation: –3.9%. Unemployment: 0.5%. Arable land: 1.64%. Agriculture: fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish. Labor force: 638,000 (2007 est.). Industries: crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish. Exports: $37.43 billion (2009 est.): liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel. Imports: $20.87 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals. Major trading partners: Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India, France, U.S., Saudi Arabia, UAE, Germany, UK (2004).

Romania




http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/qatar.html


President: Traian Basescu (2007)

Prime Minister: Calin Popescu-Tariceanu (2004)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bucharest, 2,210,800 (metro. area), 1,906,800 (city proper)

Other large cities: Iasi, 320,000; Cluj-Napoca, 316,400; Timisoara, 316,100; Constanta, 309,000; Craiova, 301,100, Galati, 297,100; Brasov, 282,500

Monetary unit: lei

Languages: Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%Ethnicity/race: Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma (Gyspy) 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002)Religions: Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $255.4 billion; per capita $11,500. Real growth rate: –7.2%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 7.6%. Arable land: 39%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep. Labor force: 9.35 million (2007 est.); agriculture 31.6%, industry 30.7%, services 37.7% (2004). Industries: textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining. Natural resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower. Exports: $38.1 billion (2009 est.): textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural

Russia





President: Dmitry Medvedev (2008)

Prime Minister: Vladimir Putin (2008)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Moscow, 10,672,000 (metro. area), 10,101,500 (city proper)

Other large cities: St. Petersburg, 4,582,300; Novosibirsk, 1,395,500; Nizhny Novgorod, 1,340,900; Yekaterinburg, 1,256,600; Samara, 1,146,800; Kazan, 1,113,600; Ufa, 1,096,600; Chelyabinsk, 1,080,000; Perm, 998,800; Volgograd, 984,200

Monetary unit: Russian ruble (RUR)

National name: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya

Languages: Russian, many minority languagesEthnicity/race: Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002)Religions: Russian Orthodox 15%–20%, other Christian 2%, Islam 10%–15% (2006 est.; includes practicing worshippers only)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.116 trillion; per capita $15,100. Real growth rate: –7.9%. Inflation: 11.9%. Unemployment: 8.9%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk. Labor force: 75.1 million;

Saudi Arabia

Sovereign: King Abdullah (2005)





Land area: 829,995 sq mi (2,149,690 sq km)


Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Riyadh, 3,724,100

Other large cities: Jeddah, 2,745,000; Makkah (Mecca), 1,614,800

Monetary unit: Riyal

National name: Al-Mamlaka al-'Arabiya as-Sa'udiya

Language: ArabicEthnicity/race: Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%Religion: Islam 100%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $585.8 billion; per capita $20,400. Real growth rate: 0.2%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 11.6% male only (local bank estimate; some estimates range as high as 25%) (2004 est.). Arable land: 2%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk. Labor force: 6.76 million; note: more than 35% of the population in the 15–64 age group is non-national; agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999 est.). Industries: crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals; ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics; metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper. Exports: $180.5 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products 90%. Imports: $86.61 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles. Major trading partners: U.S., Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Germany, UK (2004).

South Africa

President: Jacob Zuma (2009)







Administrative capital (2003 est.): Pretoria, 1,541,300 (metro. area), 1,249,700 (city proper); Legislative capital and largest city: Cape Town, 3,140,600 (metro. area), 2,733,000 (city proper). Judicial capital: Bloemfontein, 378,000. No decision has been made to relocate the seat of government. South Africa is demarcated into nine provinces, consisting of the Gauteng, Northern Province, Mpumalanga, North West, KwaZulu/Natal, Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, and Free State. Each province has its own capital

Other large cities: Durban/Pinetown, 2,396,100; Johannesburg, 1,675,200; East Rand, 1,378,792 (part of Johannesburg metro. area, 2000 est.)

Monetary unit: Rand

Languages: IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001)Ethnicity/race: black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001)Religions: Zion Christian 11%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8%, Catholic 7%, Methodist 7%, Dutch Reformed 7%, Anglican 4%, other Christian 36%, Islam 2%, none 15% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $495.1 billion; per capita $10,100. Real growth rate: –1.8%. Inflation: 7.2%. Unemployment: 24%. Arable land: 12%. Agriculture: corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products. Labor force: 15.23 million economically active; agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.). Industries:mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair. Natural resources: gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas. Exports: $67.93 billion (2009 est.): gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment. Imports: $70.24 billion (2009 est.): machinery and

Swaziland





Ruler: King Mswati III (1986)

Prime Minister: Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (1996)


Population (2010 est.): 1,354,051 (growth rate: 1.2%); birth rate: 27.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 66.7/1000; life expectancy: 48; density per sq mi: 171

Capital (2003 est.): Mbabane, 69,000; Royal and legislative capital: Lobamba, circa 5,000

Largest city: Manzini, 75,000

Monetary unit: Lilangeni

Languages: English, siSwati (both official)Ethnicity/race: African 97%, European 3%Religions: Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%; Roman Catholic 20%; Muslim 10%; Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish, and other 30%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $5.882 billion; per capita $4,400. Real growth rate: –0.4%. Inflation: 8.5%. Unemployment: 40%. Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep. Labor force: 155,700 (2003). Industries: mining (coal, raw asbestos), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel. Natural resources: asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, talc. Exports: $1.57 billion (2009 est.): soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit. Imports: $1.643 billion (2009 est.): motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals. Major trading partners: South Africa, EU, U.S., Mozambique, Japan, Singapore (2004).

Sri Lanka





President: Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005)

Prime Minister: Ratnasiri Wickremanayaka (2005)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Colombo, 2,436,000 (metro. area), 656,100 (city proper). Legislative and judicial capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, 118,300

Other large cities: Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia 214,300; Moratuwa, 181,000; Kandy, 112,400

Monetary unit: Sri Lanka rupee

Languages: Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%Ethnicity/race: Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001)Religions: Buddhist 70%, Islam 8%, Hindu 7%, Christian 6% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $96.43 billion; per capita $4,500. Real growth rate: 3.5%. Inflation: 3.4%. Unemployment: 5.9%. Arable land: 14%. Agriculture: rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef; fish. Labor force: 8.08 million; services 45%, agriculture 38%, industry 17% (1998 est.). Industries: processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining. Natural resources: limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower. Exports: $7 billion (2009 est.): textiles and apparel, tea and spices; diamonds, emeralds, rubies; coconut products, rubber manufactures, fish.Imports: $9.6 billion (2009 est.): textile fabrics, mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and transportation equipment. Major trading partners: U.S., UK, India, Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Iran, Japan, Malaysia (2004).

Spain





Ruler: King Juan Carlos I (1975)

Prime Minister: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Madrid, 5,130,000 (metro. area), 3,169,400 (city proper)

Other large cities: Barcelona, 1,528,800; Valencia, 741,100; Seville, 679,100

Monetary unit: Euro (formerly peseta)

National name: Reino de España

Languages: Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally)Ethnicity/race: composite of Mediterranean and Nordic typesReligions: Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.368 trillion; per capita $33,700. Real growth rate: –3.6%. Inflation: –0.8%. Unemployment: 18.1%. Arable land: 27%. Agriculture: grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 20.67 million; agriculture 5.3%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 30.1%, services 64.6% (2004 est.). Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment. Natural resources: coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land. Exports: $215.7 billion (2009 est.): machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods. Imports: $293.2 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control

Switzerland





President: Doris Leuthard (2010)



Capital (2003 est.): Bern, 122,700

Largest cities: Zurich, 971,800 (metro. area), 348,100 (city proper); Geneva, 178,900; Basel, 162,800; Lausanne, 117,400

Monetary unit: Swiss franc

National name: Schweiz/Suisse/Svizzera/Svizra

Languages: German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)Ethnicity/race: German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 35%, Orthodox 2%, Muslim 4%, none 11% (2000)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $317 billion; per capita $41,700. Real growth rate: –1.5%. Inflation: 0.1%. Unemployment: 4.4%. Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs. Labor force: 3.8 million; services 69%, industry 26%, agriculture 5% (1998). Industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments. Natural resources: hydropower potential, timber, salt. Exports: $190.1 billion (2009 est.): machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products. Imports: $177.2 billion (2009 est.): machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles. Major trading partners: Germany, U.S., France, Italy, UK, Spain, Netherlands, Austria (2004).

Taiwan





President: Ma Ying-jeou (2008)

Prime Minister: Wu Den-yih (2009)


Population (2010 est.): 23,024,956 (growth rate: 0.2%); birth rate: 9.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 5.3/1000; life expectancy: 78.1; density per sq mi: 1,860

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Taipei, 7,871,900 (metro. area), 2,722,600 (city proper)

Other large cities: Kaohsiung, 1,514,900; Tai Chung, 1,069,900; Tainan, 755,800; Keelung, 410,500

Monetary unit: Taiwan dollar

Republic of China

National name: Zhonghua Minguo

Languages: Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialectsEthnicity/race: Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%Religions: mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $717.7 billion; per capita $29,800. Real growth rate: –2.5%. Inflation: –0.9%. Unemployment: 5.9%. Arable land: 24%. Agriculture: rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish. Labor force: 10.78 million; agriculture 5.3%, industry 36.8%, services 57.9%. Industries: electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals. Natural resources: small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, asbestos. Exports: $203.7 billion (2009 est.): computer products and electrical equipment, metals, textiles, plastics and rubber products, chemicals (2002). Imports: $174.7 billion (2009 est.): machinery and electrical equipment 44.5%, minerals, precision instruments (2002). Major trading partners: China, U.S., Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea (2005).

Thailand





Ruler: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946)

Prime Minister: Abhisit Vejjajiva (2008)



Capital and largest city (2000): Bangkok, 6,320,174 (city proper)

Other large cities: Nonthanburi, 304,700; Chiang Mai, 175,500

Monetary unit: baht

Languages: Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialectsEthnicity/race: Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%Religions: Buddhist 95%, Islam 5%, Christian 1% (2000)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $538.6 billion; per capita $8,100. Real growth rate: –2.8%. Inflation: –0.9%. Unemployment: 1.6%. Arable land: 28%. Agriculture: rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans. Labor force: 36.9 million; agriculture 49%, industry 14%, services 37% (2000 est.). Industries: tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer. Natural resources: tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land. Exports: $150.9 billion (2009 est.): textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances. Imports: $131.5 billion (2009 est.): capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels. Major trading partners: U.S., Japan, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan (2004).

Tunisia





President: Fouad Mebazaa (interim; 2011)

Prime Minister: Beji Caid-Essebsi (2011)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tunis, 1,660,300 (metro. area), 699,700 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Tunisian dinar

Tunisian Republic

National name: Al-Jumhuriyah at-Tunisiyah

Languages: Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)Ethnicity/race: Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%Religions: Islam (Sunni) 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $83.21 billion; per capita $8,000. Real growth rate: 0.3%. Inflation: 3.7%. Unemployment: 14.7%. Arable land: 17%. Agriculture: olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, dairy products. Labor force: 3.593 million; note: shortage of skilled labor; services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.). Industries: petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages. Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt. Exports: $14.43 billion (2009 est.): textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons. Imports: $19.04 billion (2009 est.): textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food. Major trading partners: France, Italy, Germany, Spain (2004).

Turkey





President: Abdullah Gul (2007)

Prime Minister: Recep Tayyip Erdogan (2003)



Capital (2003 est.): Ankara, 3,582,000 (metro. area), 3,456,100 (city proper) Largest cities: Istanbul, 9,760,000 (metro. area), 8,831,805 (city proper); Izmir, 2,398,200; Bursa, 1,288,900; Adana, 1,219,900; Gaziantep, 979,500

Monetary unit: Turkish lira (YTL)

Republic of Turkey

National name: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti

Languages: Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, KabardianEthnicity/race: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)Religions: Islam (mostly Sunni) 99.8%, other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $863.3 billion; per capita $11,200. Real growth rate: 5%. Inflation: 6.5%. Unemployment: 14.5% (plus underemployment of 4.0%). Arable land: 30%. Agriculture: tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestock. Labor force: 23.53 million (2007); note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad; agriculture 35.9%, industry 22.8%, services 41.2% (3rd quarter, 2004). Industries: textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper. Natural resources: antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower. Exports: $102.2 billion (2009 est.): apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment. Imports: $140.8 billion (2009 est.): machinery, chemicals, semifinished goods, fuels, transport equipment. Major trading partners: Germany, UK, U.S., Italy, France, Spain, Russia, China (2004).

Uganda





President: Yoweri Museveni (1986)

Prime Minister: Apolo Nsibambi (1999)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kampala, 1,461,600 (metro. area), 1,244,000 (city proper)

Monetary unit: Ugandan new shilling

Republic of Uganda

Languages: English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, ArabicEthnicity/race: Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%, Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Islam 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $43.22 billion; per capita $1,300. Real growth rate: 6.6%. Inflation: 12.6%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 22%. Agriculture: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry. Labor force: 14.02 (2007 est.) million; agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.). Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production. Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land. Exports: $3.151 billion (2009 est.): coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold. Imports: $4.106 billion (2009 est.): capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals. Major trading partners: Kenya, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, Rwanda, U.S., UAE, South Africa, India, China, UK, Japan (2004).

United Arab Emirates





President: Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan (2004)

Prime Minister: Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid al-Maktoum (2006)



Capital (2003 est.): Abu Dhabi, 539,800

Largest city: Dubai, 1,511,700 (metro. area), 906,100 (city proper)

Monetary unit: U.A.E. dirham

National name: Al-Imarat al-'Arabiyah al-Muttahidah

Current government officialsLanguages: Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, UrduEthnicity/race: Emiri 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)Religions: Islam 96% (Sunni 80%, Shiite 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $201.4 billion; per capita $42,000. Real growth rate: –3.5%. Inflation: 1.5%. Unemployment: 2.4% (2001). Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 3.065 million; note: 73.9% of the population in the 15–64 age group is nonnational; services 78%, industry 15%, agriculture 7% (2000 est.). Industries: petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas. Exports: $174 billion (2009 est.): crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates. Imports: $141 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food. Major trading partners: Japan, South Korea, India, Thailand, China, Germany, UK, France, U.S. (2004).

United Kingdom




http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/united-arab-emirates.html



Prime Minister: David Cameron (2010)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): London, 7,615,000 (metro. area), 7,429,200 (city proper)

Other large cities: Glasgow, 1,099,400; Birmingham, 971,800; Liverpool, 461,900; Edinburgh, 460,000; Leeds, 417,000; Bristol, 406,500; Manchester, 390,700; Bradford, 288,400

Monetary unit: Pound sterling (£)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Languages: English, Welsh, Scots GaelicEthnicity/race: English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%; Northern Irish 2.9%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001)Religions: Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001)


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.149 trillion; per capita $35,200. Real growth rate: –4.8%. Inflation: 2.1%. Unemployment: 8.0%. Arable land: 23%. Agriculture: cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish. Labor force: 30.07 million; agriculture 1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5% (2004). Industries: machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods. Natural resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land. Exports:$351.3 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco. Imports: $473.6 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, machinery,

United States





President: Barack H. Obama (2009) Vice President: Joseph Biden (2009) Land area: 3,539,225 sq mi (9,166,601 sq km); total area: 3,718,691 sq mi (9,631,420 sq km) Population (2010 est.): 310,232,863 (growth rate: 0.9%); birth rate: 13.8/1000; infant mortality rate: 6.1/1000; life expectancy: 78.2; density per sq mi: 85 Capital (2003 est.): Washington, DC, 570,898 Largest cities (2003 est.): New York, 18,498,000 (metro area), 8,085,742 (city proper); Los Angeles, 12,146,000 (metro area), 3,819,951 (city proper); Chicago, 8,711,000 (metro area), 2,869,121 (city proper); Houston, 2,009,960; Philadelphia, 1,479,339; Phoenix, 1,388,416; San Diego, 1,226,753; San Antonio, 1,214,725; Dallas, 1,208,318; Detroit, 911,402 Monetary unit: dollar

The United States of America Languages: English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000) Ethnicity/race: White: 211,460,626 (75.1%); Black: 34,658,190 (12.3%); Asian: 10,242,998 (3.6%); American Indian and Alaska Native: 2,475,956 (0.9%); Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: 398,835 (0.1%); other race: 15,359,073 (5.5%); Hispanic origin:1 35,305,818 (12.5%) Religions: Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 1%, none 10% (2002) Literacy rate: 99% (2003 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $14.26 trillion; per capita $46,400. Real growth rate: –2.4%. Inflation: –0.7%. Unemployment: 9.3%. Arable land: 18%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products. Labor force: 153.1 million (includes unemployed); farming, forestry, and fishing 0.6%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.6%, managerial, professional, and technical 35.5%, sales and office 24.8%, other services 16.5%; note: figures exclude the unemployed (2007). Industries: leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining. Natural resources: coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber. Exports: $994.7 billion (2009 est.): agricultural products 9.2% (soybeans, fruit, corn), industrial supplies 26.8% (organic chemicals), capital goods 49.0% (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment), consumer goods 15.0% (automobiles, medicines) (2003). Imports: $1.445 trillion (2009 est.): agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003). Major trading partners: Canada, Mexico, Japan, UK, China, Germany (2004).

Vietnam




http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/josephbiden.html

http://www.infoplease.com/us/government/presidential-campaign-2008-barack-obama.html

President: Nguyen Minh Triet (2006)

Prime Minister: Nguyen Tan Dung (2006)



Capital (2003 est.): Hanoi, 2,543,700 (metro. area), 1,396,500 (city proper)

Largest cities: Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), 5,894,100 (metro. area), 3,415,300 (city proper); Haiphong, 581,600; Da Nang, 452,700; Hué 271,900; Nha Trang, 270,100; Qui Nho'n, 199,700

Monetary unit: Dong

National name: Công Hòa Xa Hôi Chú Nghia Viêt Nam

Current government officialsLanguages: Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)Ethnicity/race: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999)Religions: Buddhist 9%, Catholic 7%, Hoa Hao 2%, Cao Dai 1%, Protestant, Islam, none 81%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $258.1 billion; per capita $2,900. Real growth rate: 5.3%. Inflation: 6.9%. Unemployment: 2.9%. Arable land: 20%. Agriculture: paddy rice, coffee, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; poultry; fish, seafood. Labor force: 46.42 million; agriculture 55.6%, industry 18.9%, services 25.5% (July 2005). Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper. Natural resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower. Exports: $56.55 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber,

Western Sahara (proposed state)




http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/vietnam.html



Population (2010 est.): 491,519 (growth rate: 3.2); birth rate: 32.5; infant mortality rate: 62; life expectancy: 60.7; density per sq mi: 4

Largest city (2003 est.): El Aaiun 198,200

Monetary unit: Tala

Languages: Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan ArabicEthnicity/race: Arab, BerberReligion: Islam

Economic summary: GDP/PPP: $900 million (2007 est.)/ Inflation: n.a. Arable land: 0.02%. Agriculture: fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish. Labor force: 12,000; animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%. Industries: phosphate mining, handicrafts. Natural resources: phosphates, iron ore. Exports: n.a.: phosphates 62%.Imports: n.a.: fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts.

Yemen





President: Ali Abdullah Saleh (1990)

Prime Minister: Ali Muhammad Mujawar (2007)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sanaá, 1,778,900

Other large cities: Aden, 568,700; Hodiedah, 426,100; Tiaz, 317,600

Monetary unit: Rial

Republic of Yemen

National name: Al-Jumhuriyah al-Yamaniyah

Language: ArabicEthnicity/race: predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, EuropeansReligions: Islam (including Sunni and Shiite), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $58.2 billion; per capita $2,500. Real growth rate: 3.8%. Inflation: 3.6%. Unemployment: 35% (2003 est.). Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish. Labor force: 6.316 million; most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force. Industries: crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, copper, fertile soil in west. Exports: $5.55 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish. Imports: $7.1 billion (2009 est.): food and live animals, machinery and equipment,

Zambia





President: Rupiah Banda (2008)

Land area: 285,994 sq mi (740,724 sq km); total area: 290,586 sq mi (sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 12,056,923 (growth rate: 1.6%); birth rate: 40.2/1000; infant mortality rate: 99.9/1000; life expectancy: 38.8 density per sq mi: 40

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lusaka, 1,773,300 (metro. area), 1,265,000 (city proper)

Other large cities: Ndola, 349,300; Kitwe, 306,200; Kabwe, 219,600, Chingola, 151,100

Monetary unit: Kwacha

Republic of Zambia

Current government officialsLanguages: English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languagesEthnicity/race: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%Religions: Christian 50%–75%, Islam and Hindu 24%–49%, indigenous beliefs 1%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $18.5 billion; per capita $1,500. Real growth rate: 4.5%. Inflation: 13.5%. Unemployment: 50% (2000 est.). Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides. Labor force: 4.989 million; agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%. Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture. Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower. Exports: $4.388 billion (2009 est.): copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity, tobacco, flowers, cotton. Imports: $4.131 billion (2009 est.): machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing. Major trading partners: South Africa, UK, Switzerland, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, UAE (2004).

Zimbabwe




http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/zambia.html


President: Robert Mugabe (1980)



Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Harare, 2,331,400 (metro. area), 1,919,700 (city proper) Other large cities: Bulawayo, 965,000; Chitungwiza, 411,700

Monetary unit: Zimbabwean dollar

Republic of Zimbabwe

Languages: English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialectsEthnicity/race: African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%


Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $2.211 billion; per capita $200. Real growth rate: –6.1%. Inflation: 10, 453% official data; private sector estimates are much higher (yearend 2007 est.). Unemployment: 80%. Arable land: 8%. Agriculture: corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs. Labor force: 4.032 million (2007); agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996). Industries: mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages. Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals. Exports: $1.766 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing. Imports: $2.055 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels. Major trading partners: South Africa, Switzerland, UK, China, Germany, Botswana (2004).





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