2000 ANNUAL REPORT

THE PEREGRINE FUNDWORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY

Working to ConserveBirds of Preyin Nature

2000 ANNUAL REPORT

An easier organizational path for The Peregrine Fund would be toignore the vulture crisis in Asia, the decline of Harpy Eagles inCentral America, and other new and critical conservation needs inwhich we are participating. We are well aware of our resource lim-its—money, qualified and dedicated people, and time. Return onresources invested now, however, will never be greater. A dollarinvested today will have a far greater return than tens or hundredsof dollars a few years in the future. Tomorrow will be too late forthe species we do not save today.

As is the tradition, our annual report updates donors and othercooperators and provides results from The Peregrine Fund programsand projects. We hope you enjoyed the new format for the newslet-ter where we highlighted a limited number of topics. A rapidlyexpanding source of information is our web site at www.peregrine-fund.org. Using the web site, we provide regular updated informa-tion, photographs, video and audio clips, and maps showing move-ments of raptors we are tracking by satellite, and much more.Through the Internet it is our goal not only to inform, but toengage readers in our global conservation and research activities.

Absent from this report and our other current information is theHawaiian Endangered Bird Conservation Program. You may recallthat in re-focusing our organization on raptors in 1999, the Hawai`iprogram, complete with staff, facilities, and equipment, was trans-ferred to the Zoological Society of San Diego. Not only was thetransition very smooth, but the program has continued to achievegood results. We do emphasize, however, that until the Federal and

Hawai`i state governments address the persisting habitat-related issues (introduced rats, mongoose, cats, disease, etc.)

that cause population declines and species’ extinctions, viablewild populations of most native Hawaiian birds cannot exist.

In 1999 we celebrated the de-listing of the Peregrine Falconfrom the list of endangered species and looked forward to

establishment of a monitoring plan for wild populations asrequired by the Endangered Species Act and to having authoritytransferred to state wildlife agencies for management of the species.In 2000 we also expected the announced and planned de-listing of

the Bald Eagle by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. None of theseactions happened. Perhaps the situation will change for the

better in 2001.Thank you for your continued partnership in conservation

of birds of prey and nature.

Letter from the PresidentEach year the challenges to conserve global raptor populationsgrow, rather than lessen. The map on this page reflects those challenges.

Sincerely yours,

Bill Burnham President

T H E P E R E G R I N E F U N D ’ S I N V O L V E M E N T — 2 0 0 0

Board of Directors Update

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Leadership is critical to success, and ThePeregrine Fund continues to succeed with atruly exceptional Board of Directors. Leading the Board we have had five Chairmen. The FoundingChairman is Tom Cade. Following Tom as Chairman were RoyDisney, Jerry Herrick (deceased), Julie Wrigley, and Hank Paulson.We now are honored to have a new Chairman and Vice Chairmanof the Board, Jim Nelson and Paxson Offield, respectively.

Hank Paulson served two, two-year stints as Chairman of theBoard. During his tenure the accomplishments were many, rangingfrom re-focusing the organization’s actions on raptors and develop-ing of a plan for the next century to de-listing of the PeregrineFalcon and raising the financial level of our endowment where itsinterest covers all administrative costs, allowing 100% of each dona-tion to go directly to programs. Hank, in his newstatus as Chairman Emeritus and Board member,will continue to play a key role in the organiza-tion.

During Hank’s time as Chairman, Jim Nelsonserved as both Vice Chairman and Chairpersonof the Board’s Nominating Committee. Both ofthose roles have now been assumed by PaxsonOffield, our former Treasurer. The dedication andcompetence of both Jim and Paxson are welldocumented by their past leadership, and theyhave the full confidence of Board and staff.

Clockwise, from left: Jim Nelson,Chairman of the Board ofDirectors, with wife Karin inUummannaq, Greenland.

Hank Paulson with Harpy Eagle atNeotropical Raptor Center inPanama.

Paxson Offield satellite tagging inMag Bay, Baja, California, for TheBillfish Foundation.

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he beautiful AplomadoFalcon was once a regular mem-ber of the coastal and interiorgrasslands of the Americansouthwest. The best information

describing thehistorical distri-bution and rela-tive abundanceof this specieshas been gar-nered frommuseum collec-tions and fromthe notes ofprofessional eggcollectors. Theserecords indicate

that the Aplomado Falcon wasfairly common throughoutsouth Texas, west Texas, south-ern New Mexico, and southernArizona at the beginning of thetwentieth century. Surprisingly,the number of AplomadoFalcon egg sets collected insouth Texas between 1890 and1915 outnumbered those ofboth the White-tailed Hawk andthe Crested Caracara, specieswhich remain common today.Unlike the White-tailed Hawkand the Crested Caracara, theAplomado Falcon declined rap-idly over the next few decadeswith the last nest recorded nearDeming, New Mexico, in 1952.Perhaps the most plausibleexplanation for the AplomadoFalcon’s decline was the com-bined effects of large-scale habi-

tat change and human persecu-tion. In addition, the wide-spread use of persistent pesti-cides probably eliminated thefew Aplomado Falcons thatremained, and effectively pre-vented any possibility for re-col-onization from southern popu-lations.

In 1977 The Peregrine Funddecided to develop a captivebreeding and reintroductionprogram for the AplomadoFalcon because suitable habitatappeared still to exist andbecause their habitat require-ments were consistent with cer-tain forms of current land use,notably cattle ranching. Twenty-five nestlings were collected overa period of several years frompopulations in Mexico, fromwhich a total of 578 captive-bred falcons have been releasedinto the wild. The AplomadoFalcon recovery effort receivedits first hint of success when apair of adult falcons, bred andreleased by The Peregrine Fund,successfully fledged young inCameron County, Texas, in1995. This first successful nestheralded the return of a speciesthat had been absent from theUnited States for some 43 years.

R E S U L T S

2000: The captive propagationteam, under the direction of CalSandfort, was able to raise atotal of 115 young from 29

breeding pairs. Their husbandrywas excellent with fully 97.5%of all young hatched being suc-cessfully raised to maturity (seeCaptive Breeding for details)!

Three young falcons wereretained for breeding, and 112captive-bred falcons werereleased at eight sites along theTexas Gulf Coast. We estimatethat 65% of the released falconsreached independence, aprocess usually requiring four tosix weeks. The most significantimpact upon the success of ourrelease effort was aggression byterritorial pairs of AplomadoFalcons and predation by GreatHorned Owls.

By the end of the 2000 sea-son we confirmed the locationof 30 pairs of AplomadoFalcons. This represents a signif-icant growth in the number of

pairs known, from the 19 pairsobserved last year. South Texasis big country with limitedaccess and we are confident thisis a conservative number andthat an additional number ofpairs remain undetected. Thereare, at present, two core breed-ing areas which appear to bedeveloping as a result of ourrelease efforts. Ten pairs havebeen established on MatagordaIsland, and a second group of20 pairs approximately 240 km(150 mi) to the south aroundLaguna Atascosa NationalWildlife Refuge. Of the 30known pairs, 17 (57%) attempt-ed to breed, and eight pairs suc-cessfully fledged a total of eightyoung. An average of 0.47young were fledged from pairsthat attempted to nest. Mortalityat nest sites remains high due to

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Northern Aplomado Falcon Restoration

G O A L

To establish a self-sustaining wildpopulation ofAplomado Falconsin the southwest-ern United Statesand northernMexico throughcaptive propaga-tion, release, andmanagement withthe ultimate goalof removing thisspecies from theEndangeredSpecies List.

With help from Central Power and Light, nesting AplomadoFalcons are removed from their nestatop a power transmission structurefor banding by Angel Montoya andAmy Nicholas. Afterward they arereplaced as anxious adults watch.

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predation from Great HornedOwls and Raccoons. Over theyears, the most successful pairshave been those nesting onpower poles.

F U T U R E P L A N S

We will continue to releaseAplomado Falcons in southTexas. Due to the increasingreluctance of commercial carri-ers to convey live animals, how-ever, we have been forced toemploy charter aircraft to trans-port Aplomado Falcons torelease sites, adding consider-able expense.

To protect released youngfrom aggression by establishedpairs of falcons, and to achievethe program goal of establishinga self-sustaining population,

requires that we expand ourefforts geographically and con-tinue to develop new releasesites. This year the U. S. Fishand Wildlife Service amendedour Aplomado Falcon SafeHarbor Permit to include westTexas. To reduce landowner con-cern over the EndangeredSpecies Act, we have now suc-cessfully enrolled more thanone million acres of potentialfalcon habitat under the “SafeHarbor” Habitat ConservationPlan. This conservation planprovides protection for thelandowner from potentialrestrictions imposed by theEndangered Species Act while atthe same time providing accessto essential habitat for therecovery of the Aplomado

Falcon. With the protection ofprivate property rights providedby this conservation tool, wenow hope to developAplomado Falcon release sitesin west Texas. We are also work-ing with the U. S. Fish andWildlife Service in Region 2 todevelop a mechanism underSection 7 of the EndangeredSpecies Act which would permitthe release of Aplomado Falconsin New Mexico without causingundue concerns for the privatesector and users of public lands.

We will be working to devel-op ways to reduce the rate ofnest mortality by encouragingfalcons to utilize artificial preda-tor proof nest structures andthrough experimentation withchemical repellents. Blood sam-

ples and addled eggs will con-tinue to be analyzed for con-taminant levels, and a manualdescribing propagation andrelease techniques for theAplomado Falcon will be com-pleted for publication.

The final goals of this conser-vation effort are to restore animportant part of the uniquewildlife heritage of Texas and toincrease participation by the pri-vate sector in species restorationby instilling trust and by devel-oping workable applications ofthe Endangered Species Act.

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S T A F F

Program direction, Peter Jenny; coor-dination, Bill Heinrich; propagation, CalSandfort; reintroduction, Brian Mutch;field manager, Angel Montoya; scienceassistance, Lloyd Kiff; field assistant,Amy Nicholas; and hack site attendants,Jon Abu-Saba, Thom Benedict, MattCambier, Marta Curti, Dale Dixon, KateHanson, Heather Jo Jensen, BenKinkade, Kristine Ann Lightner, BlakeMassey, Jennifer Nixon, MollySeverson, Peter Toot, and MikeTuffelmire.

C O O P E R A T O R S

We cooperate with the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, the Secretaia De MedioAmbiente Recursos Naturales Y Pesca(SEMARNAP), and the Texas Parks andWildlife Department. Support is receivedfrom many partners from the privatesector. Working closely with MiguelMora of the Patuxent Wildlife ResearchCenter, we continue to analyze levels ofenvironmental contaminants found inthe blood collected from released fal-cons and from their addled eggs.

Providing essential financial supportwere the Lee and Ramona BassFoundation, The Brown Foundation,Inc., Houston Endowment, Inc., Ruth O.Mutch, Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and HelenC. Kleberg Foundation, National Fishand Wildlife Foundation, The TapeatsFund, The Charles EngelhardFoundation, EXXON/Mobil Corporation,Turner Foundation, Inc., AmericanElectric Power, U.S. Fish and WildlifeService-Albuquerque, Karen and TimHixon, Bureau of Land Management-Idaho, USFWS-Clear Lake, State ofTexas, Walter Negley, Herman Stude,Jane Smith Turner Foundation, NorcrossWildlife Foundation, and Mike andCarolyn Maples.

Left and on opposite page:Adult breeding AplomadoFalcons.

he criteria for consideringdownlisting to threatenedrecommended in the U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service

California Condor RecoveryPlan is the establishment ofthree disjunct populations ofcondors, each numbering 150individuals, including at least15 breeding pairs in each ofthose populations. Two of thepopulations would be in thewild, while the third would bemade up of captive birds. Oncethese objectives, as well as hav-ing a reproductively self-sustain-ing and increasing populationwith adequate genetic diversity,have been met, the status of thecondor could be changed tothreatened.

We are steadily workingtowards that goal. The captivepopulation at the San DiegoWild Animal Park, the LosAngeles Zoo, and the WorldCenter for Birds of Prey nownumbers 98 with 34 pairs inbreeding situations. As of 1March 2000 the wild popula-tion in California was 24 con-dors, with 10 of those in thesouthern part of the state beingmanaged by the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service. The remaining14 are in central California,managed by the VentanaWilderness Society. The free-fly-ing population in California is

“endangered” under theEndangered Species Act. The 25condors flying free in northernArizona under The PeregrineFund’s care are classified as a“non-essential experimentalpopulation” under the 10(j)rule of the Endangered SpeciesAct. The designation, whileensuring the condors are fullyprotected from intentionalharm, means their presence willnot restrict current and futureland management uses.

As of yet no breeding hasoccurred in either wild popula-tion, but that could change atany time. There are now indi-viduals in each populationreaching sexual maturity,between five and eight years ofage. We are seeing courtshipactivities taking place with pairsin both California and Arizonaand feel confident that the firstbreeding in the wild will takeplace in the near future.

R E S U L T S

The first release by ThePeregrine Fund occurred inArizona on 12 December 1996.Since that time there have beensix releases totaling 47California Condors in Arizona.Four releases occurred at theVermilion Cliffs and two at theHurricane Cliffs. There have

California CondorRestoration

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G O A L

Establish self-sus-taining wild pop-ulations ofCalifornia Condorsthrough captivepropagation,release, and man-agement with theultimate goal ofremoving thespecies from theEndangeredSpecies List.

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Previously released condor visits young burds prior to their release.

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been 18 mortalities, and anadditional nine birds werereturned, at least briefly, to cap-tivity. Five of the returned con-dors have been re-released, andtwo additional birds will be re-released next year. The remain-ing two returned condors wereadults that were briefly released(see below) and returned tocaptivity. The wild CaliforniaCondor population in Arizonais presently 25.

2000: The most significantresult of the year for theCalifornia Condor project iscourtship behavior by the oldestfree-flying condors. Althoughmost of the condors in Arizonaover five years old periodicallyshow courtship behavior, it is,of course, the six oldest birdswhich are the most encourag-ing. One pair is now seen regu-larly copulating and exploringpotential nesting cavities. Ifthings proceed as we hope, itshould only be a matter of timeuntil the first released condorsare breeding in Arizona.

This year’s releases in Arizonahave been some of the mostchallenging of all. Please seeThe Peregrine Fund NewsletterNo. 31, Summer/Fall 2000 fordetails.

In an attempt to acceleratebreeding in the wild and toavoid mortality prior to condorsreaching breeding age, we exper-imented this year with release ofadult California Condors. Inlate 2000, we released two pairsof adult condors (9 and 10 years

old) after holding them at theVermilion Cliffs release sitefor over a month.Both pairswere fromour captivepopulation atthe World Center facility andhad courted and laid infertileeggs. Years before we had goodsuccess releasing a group of twoyear olds held in captivity andfelt that despite their havinglived only in captivity, theseolder birds would also be ableto adapt to the wild.

Soon after release, these oldercondors were seen feeding andflying together. They were, how-ever, attempting to roost on theground where they were morevulnerable to predators and hadto be continually flushed tohigher perches. The years in cap-tivity had not allowed the con-dors to develop adequate sur-vival skills. About three weeksafter the first pair was released,coyotes killed both condors ofone pair. The second pair wasquickly captured and returnedto the World Center. Althoughthis release did not turn out aswe had hoped, we did learn agreat deal from the experiment,and other strategies will have tobe devised.

F U T U R E P L A N S

In 2001 the maximum num-ber of condors possible will bereleased in northern Arizonabased on breeding results. Nochanges are planned for rearing

methods,but basedupon our expand-ing knowledgegained since 1996,we will release the2001 hatch yearcondors at aslightly older age.With falcons welearned the criticalimportance oftiming release tothe wild to correspond withthe right stage of behaviordevelopment of the species.We are hoping to expand ourfacilities at the World Centerto allow for holding condorsslightly longer prior to releaseand for rearing larger num-bers of captive-bred young.This new facility would alsoaccommodate condorsreturned after initial releasein Arizona. As explained inthe condor article inNewsletter 31, we havelearned we can successfullyre-release and establish in thewild condors brought backinto captivity because ofinappropriate behavior afterfirst release.

S T A F F

Coordination, Bill Heinrich with assis-tance from Brian Mutch; reintroductionChris Parish, Sophie Osborn, ShawnFarry; field assistance Kirk Stodola, AmyNicholas, Gretchen Druliner, JanelleCuddeford, Gantt Charping, HelenJohnson, Lisa Fosco, Blake Massey,Adam Hutchins, Kristine Lightner, andJody Bartz; and scientific assistance,Lloyd Kiff.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Assisting with transportation of thecondors has been the Bureau of LandManagement’s Boise Smoke Jumpers,the Idaho National Guard, the U.S.Forest Service, Norm Freeman (basedout of Phoenix), and The Salt RiverProject with both fixed wing aircraft andhelicopters.

Additional cooperators are the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service, the LosAngeles Zoo, the Zoological Society ofSan Diego, the Arizona Game and FishDepartment, the Bureau of LandManagement, and the National ParkService, as well as the local ranchersand lodge owners. Our special thanks toMaggie Sacher.

Financial assistance this year wasprovided by the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, Burns Family Foundation,Wallace Research Foundation,Patagonia, Turner Foundation, Inc., JaneSmith Turner Foundation, Idaho Bureauof Land Management, The KearneyFoundation, Bank One, Sidney S. ByersCharitable Trust, Norcross WildlifeFoundation, Inc., APS Foundation, Inc.,and Tejon Ranch.

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S T A F F

Captive propagation at the WorldCenter is accomplished by Cal Sandfortand Randy Townsend with assistancefrom Randy Stevens, Ross Dickinson,and Nedim Omerlegovic. Food produc-tion is managed by Amel Mustic withassistance from Roy Britton and DaliborPongs. Facility maintenance is underthe direction of Randy Stevens.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Major financial assistance is providedby the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,the Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation,the Idaho Bureau of Land Management,and donors listed under species projectreports. Pathologyand veterinariansupport are provid-ed by MeridianVeterinary Clinic,the ZoologicalSociety of SanDiego (BruceRideout),Washington StateUniversity (LindsayOaks), the IdahoDepartment of Fishand Game, WildlifeHealth Laboratory,Caine VeterinaryTeachingLaboratory, and TheRaptor Center (PatRedig).

aptive breeding is thecornerstone for theAplomado Falcon andCalifornia Condor

restoration programs, as it wasfor the Peregrine Falcon. Eachyear we are totally dependenton the skill of our staff and ourcaptive populations of thesespecies to produce the youngrequired to advance recoveryprograms. Harpy Eagle propaga-tion remains developmental, as

we can not yet predictably pro-duce consistent numbers ofbirds for releases.

R E S U L T S

Aplomado Falcon - In 2000,29 captive Aplomado Falconslaid 253 eggs of which 145(57%) were fertile, 118 younghatched (81%), and 115 (97%)survived. Two falcons laid forthe first time while all (27) fal-cons laying in 1999 did so againthis breeding season. Threebreeding age (2+ years)Aplomado Falcons did not laybut were only two years old andshould lay in 2001. Of the 29pairs, 11 copulated and pro-duced 88 eggs with 64 (73%)fertile, 48 hatched (75%), and46 (96%) survived. Seventeen ofthese 29 females were artificiallyinseminated with semenobtained by “stripping” pairedmales. Those inseminatedfemales produced 162 eggs, 81(50%) were fertile, 70 (86%)hatched, and 69 (99%) youngsurvived.

By removing each AplomadoFalcon egg as it is laid, produc-tion can be increased from threeeggs to eight or more eggs. SinceAplomado Falcons only incu-bate a three-egg clutch and nat-ural incubation doubles thechance of the egg hatching, sur-rogate incubation is providedfor the extra eggs by non-breed-ing Peregrine Falcons retained

after the successful recovery ofthis species. In recent years thistechnique has increased thenumber of Aplomado Falconchicks by over 60 percent.

California Condor - Nineteenof the 20 pairs of CaliforniaCondors held at the WorldCenter during the breeding sea-son produced 26 eggs during2000. Eight of the 26 eggs werefertile, and seven hatched. Eightfemales laid for the first time,and two of those produced afertile egg each. One of thesenew pairs raised a condor chickto fledging this season.A third pair producedits first fertile egg afterhaving only infertileeggs the previous sea-sons. We are managingpairs to encouragethem to hatch andraise their own young.After the breeding sea-son four pairs of con-dors that had beenproducing only infer-tile eggs were switchedwith other mates in the hopethis will encourage the produc-tion of fertile eggs in theupcoming seasons.

There are presently 19 pairsof California Condors at theWorld Center. After the breedingseason, and later in 2000, wereleased two adult pairs inArizona with the hope that therelease of older birds wouldaccelerate breeding in the wildand help to bypass the juvenilemortality (see California

Condor Program).Unfortunately, coyotes killedone pair. The second pair wasimmediately captured andreturned to the breeding facility.Since this unfortunate loss thereare now 19 breeding pairs inBoise instead of the 20 whichbegan the breeding season.

We are presently in the plan-ning stage for a new condorholding and chick rearing facili-ty. The new structure will havetwo large flight pens for holdingjuvenile condors prior to trans-fer to the release site and over

20 small enclosureswhere condor chickscan be raised whileobserving flying con-dors. There will also betwo elevated observa-tion stations allowingbiologists to monitorand study the condorsin the flight pens priorto release.

Harpy Eagle - Threefemales laid nine eggs,seven (78%) were fer-

tile, and a record three hatchedand survived. All breeding agefemale Harpy Eagles laid. Weaccomplished a first—a youngeagle was raised from a pair ofcaptive-produced Harpy Eagles.We remain committed to mov-ing all breeding pairs to ournew Neotropical Raptor Centerto enhance reproduction and toavoid the complexities of theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Servicepermitting system.

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G O A L

Propagate therequired numberof the best possiblephysically, behav-iorally, and genet-ically constitutedraptors for releaseto the wild.

Captive Breeding

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The WorldCenter forBirds of Preyis a complexof buildingsincludingthose hous-ing thebreedingraptors.

Peter and Conni Pfendler California Condor Facility

Falcon Barns

Gerald D. & Kathryn Swim Herrick

Tropical Raptor Building

Raptor FoodProduction

Facility

he Archives of AmericanFalconry was established as aprogram of The PeregrineFund in 1986, but the associ-

ation between The PeregrineFund and falconry is not new.The Peregrine Fund’s Foundersof the Board, along with manyearly employees, are falconers.Most derived their appreciationand insight for raptors fromoriginal association with thesport. Their use of falconers’techniques and insights inspecies recovery effortswas natural and playedan important role inthe successes enjoyed.Much of the originalbreeding stock—andfunding—for thePeregrine restorationprogram came fromthe falconry communi-ty.

When we realizedirreplaceable evidenceof the sport’s American historywas being lost with each deathof a pioneer falconer, ThePeregrine Fund established theArchives of American Falconry.The Archives is unique in itsfunction, worldwide. Its successin acquisitions is unrivaled, andthe extensive collections haveattracted visitors from aroundthe globe. Occupying quarters inthe James N. Rice Wing of theadministrative building at theWorld Center, the normal oper-

ating expenses of the Archivesare met by proceeds from itsown endowment fund providedby falconers. Thus, within ThePeregrine Fund the Archivesdoes not compete with fundingfor conservation projects.

R E S U L T S

2000: The value of the mate-rial accessions to the Archivesthis year ($100,000+) was dou-ble its annual average. While

dollars per se are notthe important issue,they do provide ameans for comparison.Of special interest areseveral donations of thevery types of materialsthe Archives was createdto collect and preserve.Dan Cover, a highlyrespected falconer,passed to us his com-plete series of falconrydiaries documenting his

very successful and innovativecareer from 1968 to the present.Similarly, Jack Oar, anotherwidely regarded veteran, gave ushis own notes covering almostthe same period. From theestate of the late Jimmy Cleaverwe received a vast series ofKodachrome slides, many ofthem depicting a variety of fal-conry personages and activitiesat the North American FalconersAssociation (NAFA) field meetsduring the 1970s. It is the

uniqueness of collections suchas these that gives special signifi-cance to our preservation efforts.

Associate Librarian JohnSwift’s continuing collectionefforts have brought our library,already unsurpassed in Englishlanguage references on thesport, to new heights. John washonored at the 2000 AnnualField Meet of NAFA with thejoint Archives/NAFA “HeritageAward,” in recognition of hisrole in the establishment ofsuch an extensive collection,acknowledging it as an asset forthe entire American falconrycommunity!

Our Archives HeritagePublication Series, commencedlast year, has enjoyed an auspi-cious beginning. The elegant“Patron’s Edition” of the firstvolume, American Falconry in theTwentieth Century, is already out-of-print, and 90% of the copiesof the standard edition alsohave been sold. Brochures willgo into the mail soon announc-ing publication of the secondvolume in the series—the diaryof the historic 1940 visit toIndia by John and FrankCraighead. Information willalso be on our web site atwww.peregrinefund.org. All indi-cations point to an even greaterdemand for this new volume,which should appear in latesummer 2001.

F U T U R E P L A N S

The rapidly expandingarchival collection hasexceeded the space con-structed for it in 1991. Asimilar situation exists forThe Peregrine Fund’s sciencelibrary and specimen collec-tions, and a new sharedbuilding is planned. Thesenew quarters will allow us toupgrade the quality of ourarchival environment as wellas the extent and configura-tion of our display and stor-age facilities. Theplanned newbuilding will thusfulfill our need fora quality facility,adequate for thelong-term future.Funds are current-ly being soughtfor this expansion.

S T A F F

Curator Archivist, S. Kent Carnie;Research/Editorial Associate, William G.Mattox; and Non-residential associates:Library, John Swift; Research, CraigCulver and Peter Devers; and Graphics,Don Garlock and Jim Stabler.

C O O P E R A T O R S

The Archives is dependent on thegenerous support of many friends, fal-coner and non-falconer alike. In 2000particularly noteworthy assistance wasreceived from Bill Boni, the CaliforniaHawking Club, Elizabeth and KateCanby, Kent Carnie, Dan Cover, WalterHill, the North American FalconersAssociation, Bill and Marcie Oakes, JackOar, Williston Shor, Sally Spofford, andJohn Swift. 7

G O A L

To collect and con-serve evidence ofthe history of fal-conry and to doc-ument the role offalconers in raptorconservation inthe Americas.

Archives of American Falconry

From top: Dan A. Cover, Jack Orr,and John Swift.

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Come visit us at theVelma MorrisonInterpretive Center,open seven days aweek.

S T A F F

Education Director, Nancy Freutel;Education and Raptor Care, KimMiddleton; Volunteers and Gift Shop,MaryAnn Edson; and FacilityManagement, Paul Malone.

V O L U N T E E R S

Donating over 100 hours of servicein 2000 were: Lillian Azevedo*, PatBaumback, Christa Braun*, KarenBrender*, Helen Crewse*, RobinDidriksen, Don Disotell*, June Disotell,Betsy Eldredge, Phil Eldredge, LeoFaddis*, Anne Fitzsimmons, BobFitzsimmons*, Linda Fraser*, JoniFrey*, Pam Harris, Jerry Heimbuch*,Bryan Jennings*, Jeanne Koeberlein,Robert Koeberlein*, Pat Kolb, MikeMcSweeney*, Milton Melzian*, BobMurray*, Trish Nixon*, Brit Peterson*,Carole Smith*, Nikki Stilwell*, DickThatcher*, and Julia Zeise.

* Docents

C O O P E R A T O R S

Our thanks to our many partners,including financial assistance from theLaura Moore Cunningham Foundation,Inc., the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust,The Ahmanson Foundation, U.S. Bank,Union Pacific Foundation, J.A. &Kathryn Albertson Foundation, BoiseCascade Corporation, Bank of AmericaFoundation, Trus Joist, a WeyerhaeuserBusiness, The Idaho Statesman andGannett Communities Fund, and numer-ous individual donors and supporters.

e accomplish ourgoals by providing

factual informationto the public and

visual and hands-on experiencesduring visits to the WorldCenter for Birds ofPrey. The EducationProgram formallybegan in 1985 withthe first 3,500 visitorstouring the WorldCenter by appointmentonly. Since that timewe have reached over530,000 peoplethrough direct contactvisiting the WorldCenter and in our off-site programs.Additionally, we havereached an uncountedand increasingly large audiencethrough brochures, the media,letters, and internet.

The Velma MorrisonInterpretive Center is our educa-tional center. Built in 1992-93and dedicated in May 1994, thevisitors center fulfills theincreasing demand by the pub-

lic to learn about ourorganization and ourneed to share factualinformation with thepublic. Since its open-ing the center contin-ues to evolve andimprove throughupdates in the facilityand displays.

Year 2000: A bal-anced informative andentertaining education-al experience was pro-vided to all visitors.Our on- and off-site

educational activities directlyreached over 31,000 people.The total number of admis-

sions to theVelmaMorrisonInterpretiveCenter wasnearly 30,000.Our visitorsincluded 306school classestotaling 7,213children. Thesechildrenreceived spe-cially designedpresentations for their appro-priate grade levels.

Of the over 4,800 who signedthe guest register this past year,all 50 states and 30 foreigncountries were represented.While 29% of these visitorswere from the Boise/TreasureValley area, 62% were from out-side the state of Idaho. Whenthis same group was asked howthey were referred to our WorldCenter, 55% indicated they vis-ited because of recommenda-tions of their friends and family.

A Golden Eagle was added toour education birds, and visitorsare thrilled to be able to getsuch a close view of the magnif-icent bird. In the building’s cen-tral core, our stage was complet-ed and gives us a perfect loca-tion for bird presentations whileallowing the visitor an excellentopportunity to take pictures.The new Discovery Room alsoreceived several exhibits andmurals. The space is a welcomeaddition, especially for theschool tours.

Volunteershave alwaysbeen a crucialcomponent ofour program,and we areseeking more.This past year130 volunteersdonated almost8,000 hours ofservice. Theyled tours,staffed the gift

shop, cleaned raptor chambers,provided maintenance, per-formed general office tasks,served on display and educationcommittees, gave off-site presen-tations, edited our volunteernewsletter, scheduled andtrained other volunteers, andperformed many other tasks.Our volunteers generously givetheir time and talents, and wegive them our sincerest thanks.

F U T U R E P L A N S

We continue to improve thevisitors center and exhibits toenhance the quality of the expe-rience. Two exhibits currentlyunder construction will be com-pleted to give visitors more“hands-on” opportunities. Wewill also be planning an expan-sion to incorporate more of theGerald D. and Kathryn SwimHerrick Tropical Raptor Buildinginto the Education Program.This will increase space avail-able for exhibits, offices, educa-tion birds, and even an indoorflight show.

8

G O A L

Inform and edu-cate the generalpublic and pri-mary and second-ary students onthe importance ofbirds of prey,nature, and ourorganization’saccomplishments.

Education Program

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Volunteer Ted Hanford leads an off-site school group in a “feather lesson.”

Our newest education member is“Jack,” the Golden Eagle, intro-duced to our visitors by Trish Nixon.

R E S U L T S

We established our web site(www.peregrinefund.org) in 1995and enjoyed a few thousand vis-itors to the site that year. In2000, nearly a half a millionpeople used The PeregrineFund’s web site! Our site’s pop-ularity has increased partlybecause of the efforts to incor-porate new technologies andideas into the content of thesite. There are now more than150 million Internet usersworldwide, visiting 6.6 millionsites. These numbers continueto grow at an astonishing rate.The opportunity to distributeour information around theworld is limited only by thenumber of people we can attractto our site—tell your friends!

F U T U R E P L A N S

In 2000 we added weeklyupdate maps showing move-ments of Gyrfalcons tracked bysatellite. In 2001 we will also beusing this new technology totrack California Condors andPeregrine Falcons, and addingmaps to the web site.

One of the original uses ofthe Internet was for electronicmail (“e-mail”). Distribution of“E-Newsletters” to our membersand interested parties will beadded. These will be in addition

to our regular printed newslet-ters and annual reports and willnot be replacing them. We arein the process of preparing oure-mail mailing list and initiatingthe E-Newsletter program. Ifyou would be interested in hav-ing your e-mail address addedto our list, please send yourname and e-mail address totpf@peregrinefund.org, placeyour e-mail address in theappropriate place on theenvelope in this report andreturn it to The PeregrineFund, or watch our web site.The E-Newsletters will informyou of additions to the“What’s New?” section of oursite. This will include fieldnotes, articles, updates frombiologists, video, and audiofrom our projects around theworld. This will better sharethe experience and integrateusers with our worldwideeffort.

Also planned for our web sitein 2001 is the Global RaptorInformation Network (GRIN).Among other aspects, this newprogram will include detailedspecies accounts, bibliographies,and contact data for experts onglobally rare and little-knownspecies of raptors. GRIN willgrow into a new and valuableresource for conservationists,scientists, and the public.

S T A F F

The Internet site is maintained byBrenda Ruckdashel with assistance fromLinda Behrman and Jeff Cilek.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Partial financial support for theInternet site was provided by the TenTimes Ten Foundation.

9

Brenda Ruckdashel andLinda Behrman, our website specialists, finish upthe first E-Newsletter.

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See Enlargement A

See Enlargement B

● Adult grey femaleGyrfalcon 5707captured 21September 2000

● Adult silver femaleGyrfalcon 11988captured 13October 2000

★ Location where falcons were banded

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Enlargement A

Enlargement B

The Peregrine FundInternet Web Site

G O A L

To provide wellwritten, factual,and timely infor-mation to the gen-eral public aboutour organizationand its activitiesand in-depthinformation onraptors for conser-vationists andbiologists throughthe Internet.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: The PeregrineFund’s reference specimen col-lection contains about7,500 eggshell speci-mens and over 300bird study skins.Some of these uniqueitems are available forthe public in theDiscovery Room inthe Velma MorrisonInterpretive Center.

2000: Other thanthe routine addition ofeggshell specimensand salvaged birdspecimens from the captivebreeding programs and othersources, there was relatively lit-tle change in the status of thespecimen collections in 2000.The most important acquisitionwas a nice studyskin of the extinctPassenger Pigeonfrom JamesEnderson, longtimeBoard member andProfessor at TheColorado College.Jim also donatedstudy skins of sever-al falcon species.

F U T U R E P L A N S

The main specimen collec-tions are presently housed intemporary quarters. When thenew library/archives facility iscompleted, the collections willbe moved to a room especiallydesigned to house them. More

specimen cabinets willbe acquired, andefforts will be made toacquire collections ofeggshells accumulatedfrom captive breedingprojects and pesticidestudies at other insti-tutions. In addition,more efforts will bedirected towardenlarging the referencecollection of the

world’s diurnal raptor speciesthrough exchanges and giftsfrom museums.

SpecimenCollection

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: Our researchlibrary continued to growsteadily in size during 2000,owing to gifts, purchases, andexchanges for items previouslyunrepresented. It now housesnearly 6,000 books and mono-graphs on ornithology andconservation biology, as well aspartial or complete runs of over400 journal and magazinetitles. Our catalogued collectionof reprints, mostly on raptors,now includes over 11,000 itemswith about 5,000 more await-ing cataloguing. We presentlymaintain subscriptions orexchange agreements for over200 journals, magazines, andnewsletters.

2000: Robert Bowman,Professor Emeritus at San

Francisco State University and aleading authority of the birdsof the Galapagos Islands, gen-erously donated a substantialportion of his large researchlibrary, adding many valuablebooks and reprints to our col-lection. Other major gifts oflibrary items were receivedfrom Jack Carter (Silver City,New Mexico), Board memberJames Enderson(Colorado Springs,Colorado), Robert W.Storer (Ann Arbor,Michigan), and theEstate of BarbaraWinternitz, lateProfessor at TheColorado College.Sally Spofford, ofPortal, Arizona, againdonated more materi-als from the hugelibrary that she hadamassed with her latehusband, Walter(“Spoff”) Spofford.She plans to donatethe remainder of the libraryand Spoff’s exceptional collec-tion of photographs and slidesin 2001.

A major milestone wasreached in 2000 when cata-loguing of the library, using thevast OCLC database, was com-pleted. An increasing numberof extramural researchers usedthe library, both through per-sonal visits and by postal mail,faxes, or e-mail, and this trendis expected to increase as the

conservation/ research commu-nities become aware of thisglobally important resource.

F U T U R E P L A N S

All available shelf space inour library is filled so it is verygratifying to begin solidifyingplans for the construction of anew facility to house theresearch library, Archives of

American Falconry, andspecimen collections.This opportunity is inpart being made avail-able through a lead giftfrom the Jerry andKathy Herrick estate.Preliminary architectur-al plans for the newbuilding were includedin our Summer/Fall2000 newsletter, and itis hoped that we willbreak ground for thestructure in summer2001. We hope to com-plete the new buildingby early 2002. As

always, we continue to seekdonations of libraries and indi-vidual books, especially nowthat we will soon have plentyof room to house them!

S T A F F

The library is supervised by Lloyd Kiff. Dan Battagliaand Janna Secord catalogued reprints in 2000.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Financial support was provided by the LauraMoore Cunningham Foundation, Inc.

ResearchLibrary

10

G O A L

Establish andmaintain a com-prehensiveornithological andconservation biolo-gy research libraryrelated to the mis-sion of the organi-zation and ofmajor importanceto the entire bio-logical community.

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rnham

Peregrine Falcon eggsrepresent a portion ofthe approximately7,500 eggs in thespecimen collection.

G O A L

Develop andmaintain system-atic collections ofeggshells and rap-tor study skinspecimens forresearch and ref-erence purposes.

S T A F F

The specimen collections are supervised by Lloyd Kiff,Science Director. Specimens are prepared by John Schmitt.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: Starting withour original close associationwith Cornell University, wehave directly assisted studentsin completing 15 Ph.D.and 33 M.Sc. degreesor equivalents, andmore than a dozenundergraduate degrees.

2000: Most of thestudents supportedduring 2000 were inpursuit of their Mastersdegrees, involved inspecies-specific studieson an interestingassortment of birds ofprey, and associatedwith our Pan-Africa orMadagascar Projects.They included AtoLakew Berhanu, whostudied the Bearded Vulture inEthiopia, Mburu Chege, whostudied the Egyptian Vulture atHell’s Gate National Park inKenya, Susanne Schultz, whoinvestigated the ecology of theCrowned Eagle in the IvoryCoast, and GilbertRazafimanjato, who conductedstudies on the endemicPeregrine Falcon populationsubspecies in Madagascar.

Two students, Ruth Tingay(University of Nottingham)and Carter Ong (LeicesterUniversity), completed their

M.Sc. degrees during2000. Ruth conduct-ed field research onthe roles and rela-tionships of extra-pair individuals atMadagascar FishEagle nests, and hasextended her studiesto gain her Ph.D.

Carter concluded a multi-yearfield study of the Martial Eaglein Kenya.

Mongolian biologistNyambayar Batbayar began hisstudies at Boise State Universityin the Raptor Biology Mastersdegree program.

Four Pakistani students arebeing supported in the AsianVulture project. They are usingaspects of their field work insupport of Masters equivalentdegrees in Pakistan.

In association with our workin Greenland and the High

Arctic Institute, two Boise StateUniversity Masters degree stu-dents are being assisted.Catherine Wightman is in thefinal stages of her thesis write-up on Peregrine nesting habitatwhile Travis Booms completedhis first of two planned fieldseasons looking at Gyrfalcon

diet. Both are working in theKangerlussuaq area.

F U T U R E P L A N S

We will continue the sup-port of Malagasy and Africanstudents, and Boise StateUniversity students NyambayarBatbayar and Travis Booms. As

always, we will encourage thepublication of theses and dis-sertations by former graduatestudents we sponsored andwill continue to seek highlyqualified graduate students,particularly from developingcountries, for participation inour projects.

11

StudentEducation

G O A L

Identify and/orprovide researchand educationalopportunities forundergraduateand graduate stu-dents, both in theUnited States andin other countries,especially in con-nection with ourfield programs.

Aaron Baker surveysfor Orange-breasted

Falcons.

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ob B

erry

R E S U L T S

By the end of 2000, 817publications, including 297technical journal articles, dis-sertations, and theses, hadbeen produced by biologistsaffiliated with The PeregrineFund. Forty-four publicationsappeared in 2000. Alarge number of thesewere in Raptors atRisk, a WorldWorking Group onBirds of Prey volumethat reported the pro-ceedings of an inter-national symposiumon raptors held inMidrand, SouthAfrica, in 1998.Indeed, 14 of the 90papers in that volume wereauthored by Peregrine Fundstaff members on a wide vari-ety of topics.

Several additional technicaljournal articles continued toflow from the long years offield work on the Maya andMadagascar Projects, and bynow nearly every raptor species

of regular occurrence in therespective study areas,Guatemala and Madagascar,has been the subject of at leastone important paper by ourbiologists. The field work inMadagascar has yielded 66peer-reviewed papers, and 43came from the Maya Project

and the closely relatedOrange-breasted FalconProject. Almost allreported virtually thefirst substantive infor-mation available on thevarious study species.

The published contri-butions of accom-plished field biologistRussell Thorstrom, whoworked on both proj-ects, deserve special

mention. By year’s end he wasthe author or co-author of 29peer-reviewed titles, plusnumerous in-house reports, onpreviously little-studied raptorsand other species in theseregions.

Dave Whitacre completedand submitted for publicationthe draft of a proposed book

on Raptors of the Maya Forest, acomprehensive summary ofthe most important findingsof the eight-year Maya Project.This will be the first book onNeotropical birds of prey.

F U T U R E P L A N S

In the future, more empha-sis will be placed on publish-ing the results of some of ourprojects , e.g., the Harpy Eagle,California Condor, andAplomado Falcon, for whichwe now have several years ofvaluable, but unreported, data.

Scientific Publications and Presentations

The mark of a good biologist —publishing the field results! DaveWhitacre in his office, workingthrough a mountain of results.

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G O A L

Present the resultsof research studiesto scientificforums, govern-ment agencies,and interestedgroups.

reenland is home to oneof the most unique andlife-challenging environ-ments in the world. In

all, Greenland is 2,656 km(1,660 mi) long and 1,045 km(650 mi) wide, with only 15%of the island being ice-free landand the remaining 85% coveredby the Greenland Icecap. Evenwith this small amount of land,Greenland is home to morethan an estimated 1,500 pairs ofPeregrine Falcons and over 750estimated pairs of Gyrfalcons, inaddition to tens of millions ofDovekies, more than a millionThick-billed Murres, and other

seabird, waterfowl, shorebird,and songbird species. WestGreenland is an Arctic oasis andit is critical to expand our over-all knowledge of the wildlife inthis area in order to meet thechallenges of future potentialclimactic changes and increasinghuman disturbances.

The Peregrine Fund officiallybegan working in Greenland in1993, building on a base ofinformation, the first collectionof which began in 1972 underthe direction of Bill Mattox andwith assistance from PeregrineFund biologists using their vaca-tions to volunteer and help out.In 1997 we founded the HighArctic Institute to demonstrateour long-term commitment toGreenland’s natural resourcesand their management. Sincethat time our involvement hascontinued to expand, and thispast summer we had projects infour different geographical loca-tions within Greenland.

R E S U L T S

North Greenland—Thule AreaDuring the months of July

and August, the 2000 season fal-con survey located four activePeregrine Falcon nest sites andfour active Gyrfalcon nest sites.The survey was conducted onfoot, by kayak, and by boat andcovered more than 350 km (217mi) of coastline. At our Dovekiebanding site we re-captured 141individual Dovekies that werebanded in previous years andplaced 213 bands on new birds,

bringing the total number ofDovekies banded since 1995 to974 birds.

West GreenlandInland—Kangerlussuaq Area

From May through August, 83known Peregrine Falcon nestingsites were checked for occupan-cy, and 51 were found to beactive with an average of 2.82young per successful pair. Inaddition, 58 known Gyrfalconnesting sites were checked foroccupancy, and 15 were foundto be active, producing an aver-age of 3.28 young per successfulpair. Travis Booms initiatedresearch on Gyrfalcon preyselection for his M.Sc. in raptorbiology at Boise StateUniversity.

Coastal—Maniitsoq AreaBeginning on 21 September andrunning through 15 October, atrapping station for Gyrfalconsand Peregrine Falcons was oper-ated on a small island nearManiitsoq. During this periodbiologists lived in a small tentin below freezing temperatures,traveling weekly back and forthto town to get supplies in anine-foot inflatable boat. A totalof 18 Gyrfalcons were captured,five adult and 13 immaturebirds. Seven Peregrine Falconswere trapped, two adult and fiveimmature birds.

Uummannaq Region—Uummannaq Area

During the month of Juneresearchers conducted a survey

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G O A L

Conservation andunderstanding ofGyrfalcon andPeregrine Falconpopulations andtheir environ-ments inGreenland.

High Arctic Institute

Above left: very early spring in the high Arctic.

Chad Cyrus prepares to release a white Gyrfalcon after banding, ManiitsoqArea, Greenland.

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of 207 out of 210 previouslyknown seabird, waterfowl, andfalcon breeding locationsrecorded in the early 1900s by amedical doctor and amateurornithologist. The results weredisappointing as we found not asingle Thick-billed Murre, whereless than 100 years before over1,000,000 murres were reportedto nest in this area. Otherspecies which had greatlydeclined in numbers wereCommon Eider Ducks, Black-legged Kittiwakes, andRazorbills of which only a fewindividuals were seen. Thesesharp declines in bird popula-tions are most likely caused byhuman-related factors.

Satellite Tracking—ManiitsoqArea

On 21 September and 13October we placed platformtransmitter terminals (PTTs) onadult female Gyrfalcons at ourtrapping station near Maniitsoq.Since that time we have beenmonitoring their movements viasatellites to determine wherethese individual birds nest andwinter. You can follow theirmovement on The PeregrineFund home page by going towww.peregrinefund.org and click-ing on “What’s New?” and look-ing under “Gyrfalcon SatelliteTransmitter Monitoring inGreenland.” Maps are updatedevery two weeks, and springmovements to nesting sitesshould begin sometime in lateMarch or early April.

Launching of TPFSRasmussen—Kangerlussuaq to Thule

During the early afternoon of29 June a new “SafeBoat” slidoff its trailer into the cold Arcticwaters of Kangerlussuaq,Greenland. The 25 ft 4 in cus-tom-made SafeBoat, made inPort Orchard, Washington,arrived in Greenland via a 109thAir National Guard C130Hercules in early May. Themaiden voyage of The PeregrineFund’s Ship Rasmussen wasfrom Kangerlussuaq to Thule,with a month spent in theUummannaq area conductingbird surveys (see “Notes fromthe Field” on web pagewww.peregrinefund.org fordetails). In all more than 4,345km (2,700 mi) were logged. The

Rasmussen is a welcome addi-tion at the High Arctic Institutefield station at Thule.

F U T U R E P L A N S

From early July through theend of August, eight satellitetransmitters (PTTs) will beplaced on Gyrfalcons and fourPTTs on Peregrine Falcons in theThule area. This will be the firsttime that PTTs have been placedon Gyrfalcons or PeregrineFalcons this far north andshould lead to exciting newinformation. Be sure to checkour web page to monitor theprogress of these falcons.

S T A F F

The project is managed by KurtBurnham under the general direction ofBill Burnham with special assistancefrom Bill Mattox. Also participating in2000 were Ryan Blaedow, TravisBooms, Tom Cade, Chad Cyrus, GreggDoney, Mark Fuller, Laura Gissibl, BillHeinrich, Tim Gallagher, Brian and RuthMutch, Jack Stephens (ThuleCoordinator), Rob and Bill Studebaker,Robert Rosenfield, and CatherineWightman.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Authorization was provided by TheCommission for Scientific Research inGreenland, Greenland Home RuleGovernment, Danish Polar Center, andby the United States Air Force. Wecooperate with Thule Air Base, the U.S.Department of the Interior/Bureau ofLand Management, ConservationResearch Foundation, VECO PolarResources, New York Air NationalGuard, 109th TAG, Boise StateUniversity, Bent Brodersen/KISS Center,the University of Copenhagen ZoologicalMuseum, and Danish scientists KnudFalk and Kaj Kampp, among others.Major financial support was provided byThe Charles Engelhard Foundation, RuthMutch, Bennu and the Florence HegyiFamily Trust, Jim and Karin Nelson, andthe Arthur H. Weaver Family Trust.

13

Ruth and Brian Mutch bandDovekies near Pituffik Glacier,

North Greenland.

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The Peregrine eyrie isnow quiet as winterrapidly approaches inthe high Arctic.

Arctic Tern.

ver the past twodecades, The Peregrine

Fund has achieved sig-nificant conservation andresearch results in the

Neotropics (the biologicalregion from tropical Mexicosouth throughout Central andSouth America and the islandsof the West Indies), from HarpyEagles in Venezuela to the MayaProject in Guatemala, greatlyincreasing our knowledge onover 20 forest raptor species.Since developing our Raptor2100 global strategic plan in1999—The Peregrine Fund’sapproach to help ensure the sur-vival of the world’s birds ofprey—we have worked to organ-ize our efforts globally intomeaningful actions in biologi-cally similar regions. The

Neotropical RaptorConservation Program is theresult of extensive input byPeregrine Fund staff and othersto achieve conservation of bio-diversity using a focus on rap-tors. The program has the sup-port of the United StatesCongress, with some fundinganticipated through the U.S.Agency for InternationalDevelopment (USAID).

A N T I C I P A T E D R E S U L T S

Major goals of the programare: (1) conserving raptorsknown or likely to be in jeop-ardy because of their small ordeclining populations and/orlimited or disjunct ranges, e.g.,Orange-breasted Falcon andHarpy Eagle; (2) improvingknowledge and conservation ofraptor species, especially thosefor which too little is known todetermine their status, e.g.,Isidor’s or Black-and-ChestnutEagle; (3) answering importantland management and conser-vation questions using the eco-logical needs of raptors as ayardstick for conservation, e.g.,studies planned to understandhow to minimize the impact oflogging; (4) influencing humanbehavior using raptors as a flag-ship for conservation of tropicalbiodiversity, e.g., our developing

14

Neotropical Raptor Conservation Program

Region

Neotropical

Total RaptorSpecies

86

Endangered/Vulnerable

16

PoorlyKnown

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A traditional Embera/Wounaan woman with palm die tatoos.

Top: as part of our conservation education effort, staff members Edwin Urriola and Katia Herrera present a Christmas gift to a child in a rural com-munity near the Harpy Eagle release location.

Below: Ecological Policeman Hilario Rodriguez has worked closely with our Harpy Eagle project since its inception. Shown here, he is providing a giftafter giving a talk in a community near where “James,” a captive-bred and released Harpy Eagle, was shot.

G O A L S

Development andimplementation ofa comprehensiveprogram for con-servation andresearch, anddevelopment oflocal capacitythroughout theNeotropics byfocusing on raptors.

15

Neotropical Raptor Center

Neotropical education program;(5) conserving important tractsof habitat for conservation ofbiodiversity, e.g., our participa-tion in impact assessments ofproposed dams on the PanamaCanal; and (6) providing lead-ership and developing localcapacity for raptor conservationand research in Latin America,e.g., Latin American studentand staff support and trainingin Panama, a Harpy Eagle sym-posium in 2002, and otheractivities. Specific results andfuture plans are described sepa-rately in the following pages.

he Peregrine Fund’s NeotropicalRaptor Center (NRC), the headquar-ters of the Neotropical Raptor

Conservation Program, is in tropicalAmerica in the Republic of Panama.Situated on top of a forested hill, it is adja-cent to Camino de Cruces National Park aswell as our offices within the City ofKnowledge, formerly Fort Clayton. TheCenter includes offices, breeding facilities,laboratories, and a base of opera-tions for the region. This facility iscentrally located to address thegreat challenges in Central andSouth America. The PanamanianGovernment has joined us in thisconservation commitment onmany levels, including providingland and facilities for the Center.Long-term studies of raptors cannow be carried out literally inour backyard.

The Neotropical Raptor Center nowhouses Harpy Eagles, and a state-of-the-artOrange-breasted Falcon building is a recentaddition. The Harpy Eagle enclosures havebeen built into the rainforest with minimaldisturbance to surrounding vegetation.Other enclosures for forest-dwelling raptorswill be added as needed. The site benefitsfrom a high, clear area, which provides abreezy and panoramic site for birds, such as

the Orange-breasted Falcons,which live above the canopy. Thehilltop is also a hub for local andmigrant raptors, and our futureplans include the construction oflookouts to monitor the migration.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Establishment of the NRC is madepossible by assistance from theAutoridad del Canal de Panama(ACP), the City ofKnowledge/Fundacion Ciudad DelSaber, and the Autoridad Nacionaldel Ambiente (ANAM). Jacobo Lacs,who serves on our Board ofDirectors, has provided invaluableadvice and assistance.

Financial support for this project isprovided by the Wolf CreekCharitable Foundation.

Top: Hank Paulson, then Chairmanof the Board of The PeregrineFund, and Alberto Aleman Zubieta,Administrador of the PanamaCanal Commission/Autoridad delCanal de Panama sign an agree-ment establishing the NeotropicalRaptor Center on properties man-aged by the Commission.

Right: we are converting formerU.S. Army facilities for theNeotropical Raptor Center andadding new buildings atop a hilloverlooking the Panama Canal.

G O A L

Develop and operate a facilityin Panama fromwhich ourNeotropical RaptorConservationProgram will bebased and wherecaptive breedingand research canoccur with raptors.

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This young girl, an Embera/Wounaan Indian, lives in theDarien region of Panama. Herfriend is a young sloth.

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N e o t r o p i c a l R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

N e o t r o p i c a l R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

e have focused ourwork on Harpy

Eagles in Panamawhere our goal is to

create an exportable model inthe conservation of this andother similar species. Panama isculturally diverse, and it is prob-ably the last frontier in CentralAmerica for a viable populationof this magnificent bird. Thus, itis there we find most of the fac-tors imperiling Harpy Eaglesthroughout their range.Panamanian forests connectfrom its bustling capital toremote villages in the Darien.

Panamanians consider theHarpy Eagle their national bird,but only recently has legislationbeen proposed to make this thelaw. An important step towardsrecognizing this national treas-ure, this legislation will alsobuttress its protection. After sev-eral years working in Panama,we are beginning to see tangiblechanges in the public percep-tion of wildlife. However, theroad ahead is a long one, andhuman persecution continues tobe the principal cause of HarpyEagle population decline.

R E S U L T S

Propagation: This year threeyoung Harpy Eagles, twofemales and one male, wereproduced. Because of the needfor public education, they havebeen placed temporarily in

three different educational pro-grams. When they are of breed-ing age they will be paired atour Neotropical Raptor Centerin Panama.

Release of Captive-ProducedEagles: To date, five HarpyEagles have been released inPanama. We have successfullybrought them to independenceand haverefined meth-ods for the rein-troduction ofthis species.Nonetheless,tracking birdsdaily to insuretheir safety inthe forestsaround thecanal may notbe feasible.Instead,focussing onincreasing public awareness toreduce the risk to the youngeagles may be a more effectiveconservation tool. This wasbrought home when “James,”our veteran male of theSmithsonian research island(Barro Colorado Island), ven-tured off the protected monu-ment and was promptly killed.We plan to place a female andmale, also independent for overtwo years, on the island as theyapproach breeding age.

Research: We continue tocollect valuable data on Harpy

Eagles, both in the wild andwith our released birds. RicardoGil da Costa and Marc Hausercollaborated with us on a seriesof experiments detailing theanti-predator behavior of animportant Harpy Eagle preyspecies, the Howler Monkey(see Newsletter No. 31). Ourbiologists Jose Vargas and

Edwin Urriolaare collectingdata from wildHarpy Eaglenesting territo-ries in order toassess habitatuse and esti-mate the popu-lation size.BiologistsJaneeneTouchton andKathia Herrerafocussed on

studies of released birds andpublic education with assistancefrom our ecological policemen,Hilario Rodriguez and DavidMojica.

Public Education: Our mostsuccessful educational programto date has been the conveyanceof school materials to ruralcommunities in the name ofHarpy Eagle conservation.Spearheaded by Helen Kiser, aTexan school teacher working inPanama, we collect schoolmaterials from the more afflu-ent urban schools and donate

16

Harpy Eagle Conservation and Research

Adult female Harpy Eagle feeds its smallchick. Notice the huge nest, no doubt usedfor many years.

Right: nestling Harpy Eagle stretches itswings.

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G O A L

Conserving HarpyEagle populationsby preservinghabitat, reducinghuman persecu-tion, and byreestablishing lostand bolsteringremnant eaglepopulationsthrough propaga-tion and releasewhere habitatremains, and byexpansion ofknowledge of theeagle throughresearch.

N e o t r o p i c a l R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

them to people living in needycommunities near nestingHarpy Eagles. Each child pre-pares a package including pens,pencils, erasers, and notebookswhich is then sent to children incommunities where we areworking. These much neededmaterials serve to involve par-ents, teachers, and studentsalike.

This year, our public educa-tion efforts also targeted the sec-tor of society most likely toshoot Harpy Eagles, the ruralnon-indigenous people. Thisgroup generally lacks the tradi-tions found in indigenousgroups, including respect forlarge predators. These peopleare also penetrating forest habi-tat at a rapid rate. KathiaHerrera has given most of thepresentations in rural commu-nities with help from staff expe-rienced in this task with indige-nous communities.

We continue to work withvarious film crews devoted toconservation, in particular withlong-time Harpy Eagleresearcher and cinematographerNeil Rettig. These films reach awide audience and have a sig-nificant impact on conservation.

F U T U R E P L A N S

Our Harpy Eagle facilityhoused within the NeotropicalRaptor Center is now nearlycomplete. One young pair isalready housed there and whenthe nesting cycle of our eagles atthe World Center for Birds of

Prey in Boise is complete theeagles will be transferred to ourPanamanian facility. We expectour Harpy Eagles will makethemselves at home in the largeenclosures nestled in the rain-forest.

Research goals this year willfocus on the publication ofmaterial from both wild andreleased birds. We plan toexpand our studies of preyspecies to include the Capuchin

Monkey with our HarvardUniversity collaborators, as wellas continuing our studies ofHowler Monkeys. Mostly, wewill continue to gather datafrom our now sizable popula-tion of known nesting territo-ries. These first years havemarked the beginning of thelong road ahead to save theHarpy Eagle in Central Americaand elsewhere.

17

S T A F F

Alberto Palleroni manages the projectin Panama and directs our researchactivities there under the overall guid-ance of Rick Watson. Also participatingare Angel Muela (captive breeding andmanagement), Francisco Barrios (opera-tions and field work), Edwin Urriola,Jose Vargas, and Kathia Herrera (fieldbiologists), Janeene Touchton (fieldbiologist, Barro Colorado Island), andHilario Rodriguez and David Mojica(Ecological Police). Lilia Mendoza man-ages the office.

C O O P E R A T O R S

The partnership of many individualsand organizations has made this projectpossible, including, in Panama, thePresidency of Panama, Autoridad delCanal de Panama, Autoridad Nacionaldel Ambiente, Autoridad de la RegionInteroceanica, Patronato Amigos DelAguila Harpia, Smithsonian TropicalResearch Institute, City ofKnowledge/Fundacion Ciudad DelSaber, Fundacion de Rehabilitacion deEspecies Tropicales, USAID, Jacobo Lacs,David de Castro, Asociacion Nacionalpara la Conservacion de la Naturaleza,Alcaldia del Distrito de Panama/SummitGardens, Canopy Towers, BernEmpresas, ANCON, Panama AudubonSociety, the Collective Lands of theEmbera and Wounaan Indians, KunaYala (San Blas Lands), Comarca NogbeBugle (Teribes, Waymies, and BokotaIndigenous Lands), and Soberania,Darien, Camino de Cruces, and ChagresNational Parks. From the United Stateswe cooperate with Marc Hauser ofHarvard University.

Major financial support for this proj-ect in 2000 was received from theOffield Family Foundation, The CharlesEngelhard Foundation, the LedderFamily Charitable Trust, Mr. and Mrs.Jacobo Lacs, and Pennzoil Company.

© Ph

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Top: Angel Muela with recently hatched Harpy Eagle chick.

Below: Harpy Eagle country.

N e o t r o p i c a l R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m18

he West Indies form asweeping 4,020-km

(2,500-mi) arc of islandsthat run east and south from

Cuba to Grenada. Cuba liesonly 144 km (90 mi)south of Key West,Florida, and 200 km (125mi) east of Mexico’sYucatan Peninsula.Grenada is located 137km (85 mi) off the east-ern tip of Venezuela. Ingeneral, endemic speciesfound only on islands arevulnerable to extinctionbecause their habitat and rangeare severely limited. The raptors(at least six species in jeopardy)and other species found only onthe West Indies islands of theCaribbean are no exception.

The West Indian flyway is acritical link in the migratoryroutes of shorebirds and song-birds, including about 100migrant species that breed inNorth America, as well asPeregrine Falcons, Merlins, andother raptors. By focusing onthe conservation needs of islandendemics and endangered rap-tors that require large areas ofintact habitat in which to sur-vive, we can hope to provide anumbrella of protection to manyother plants and animals thatare unique to this island chain.

The West Indies project willprovide up-to-date informationon the conservation status and

ecological needs of our initialfocal birds, the endangeredRidgway’s Hawk and GrenadaHook-billed Kite, and helpestablish new conservation

efforts for thesespecies and theirenvironments basedon new informationand science. Workcould potentiallyprogress from thereto other endemicraptors in jeopardy,such as theGundlach’s Hawk

and Cuban Hook-billed Kite. In1999 a pair of Peregrine Falconsnested for the first time ever inCuba; this remarkable eventcould lead to establishment of anew breeding population, whichshould be monitored during itsbuildup.

R E S U L T S

2000: Surveys for GrenadaHook-billed Kites identified atleast 15 individuals, some inareas not previously reported,and located two nesting pairsand two other pairs exhibitingcourtship behavior. We esti-mate the population may beabout 50 birds. Surveys forRidgway’s Hawks located onlytwo individuals and no nests.The two individuals werefound in and near Los HaitisesNational Park in theDominican Republic. The pop-

ulation is most likely gone inHaiti. Overall, we estimate thepopulation to be critically low.

F U T U R E P L A N S

Surveys are planned to deter-mine the species’ populationstatus and understand whatfactors limit their distributionand abundance within theislands. Potential factors thatwe will investigate include foodsources and possible limita-tions (e.g., introduction ofpredatory snails that consumesuitable prey snails for GrenadaHook-billed Kites) and nestsites and their limitations (e.g.,nesting habitat for all speciesmay be diminished). Evidenceof persecution by people willbe investigated. On each islandwe have identified local collab-orators and will investigate thepotential for training and sup-port of a raptor biologist.Development of a local biolo-gist focused on conservation ofbirds of prey is an essentialgoal of each of our projects, sowe can expect conservationefforts to continue beyond ThePeregrine Fund’s involvement.

S T A F F

Russell Thorstrom leads this project.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Participating with us in this projectare the Grenada Dry Forest BiodiversityConservation Project, GrenadaDepartment of Forestry, GrenadaDepartment of National Parks,Dominican Republic Department ofForestry, and Annabelle Dod Bird Club.

West Indies Project

First photograph of a Grenada Hook-billed Kite nestling!

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ll Tho

rstrom

G O A L

Help prevent theextinction of rap-tors found only onthe islands of theWest Indies.

N e o t r o p i c a l R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m 19

he Orange-breastedFalcon is among the leastknown and rarest of all fal-cons. Although the overall

range of this species at leastonce extended from southernMexico through CentralAmerica and throughout por-tions of South America, it issparsely distributed, difficult todetect, and apparently threat-ened by habitat alteration andpossibly the associated expan-sion of avian competitors.Central American populationsappear to have become isolatedfrom their SouthAmerican counterpartsand may be vulnerable,if not in jeopardy, dueto small size and genet-ic isolation. Isolationof small populations oftropical forest raptors isalready a conservationproblem in some partsof the world (e.g., theJavan Hawk Eagle,Indonesia) and willincreasingly become soas forests are fragmented andlost. Understanding the conse-quences of isolation and devel-oping methods to combat itsnegative effects are importantfor conservation and to improveour scientific understanding.This project aims to (1) deter-mine whether theBelize/Guatemala population is

isolated from its SouthAmerican counterparts, (2)develop methods needed to bol-ster isolated populationsthrough captive propagationand release, and (3) understandthe consequences of isolationand assess how they may bemitigated.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: Studies in the1990s located 19 pairs ofOrange-breasted Falcons inBelize and Guatemala and gath-ered important new informa-

tion on the species’ecology. Surveys in1999 located noOrange-breastedFalcons in whatappeared to be idealhabitat in the Sierra delWarrunta range inHonduras.

2000: Aerial andground surveys fromBelize south throughCentral America pro-duced no Orange-

breasted Falcon sightings untilPanama. Biologists concludedthat there is little suitable habi-tat remaining between thenorthern population in Belizeand Guatemala and pairs foundin Panama. Even where suitablehabitat remained, no falconswere found.

F U T U R E P L A N S

Comparative ecological stud-ies are planned in SouthAmerica to understand howtree-nesting may affect our esti-mates of the distribution andabundance of the Orange-breasted Falcon. Genetic studieswill be undertaken to determinewhether differences existbetween isolated northern pop-ulations and the majority of thespecies in the south. At thesame time, we will begin work-ing on techniques for conserva-tion and restoration to bolsterremnant populations and torestore extirpated populations.

Objectives include (a) pre-dictable captive breeding, (b)release techniques that maxi-mize survival and reproductivepotential, and (c) reproductionin the wild of captive-bred andreleased falcons. Collection ofnestlings for captive breeding isplanned for 2001. Propagationwill primarily occur at theNeotropical Raptor Center,Panama. Initial releases willtake place in Panama and/orBelize and then expand into theregion where the falcons wereknown to occur but now arebelieved to be absent.

Orange-breasted Falcon Project

Orange-breasted Falcon.

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ob B

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G O A L

Understand theconsequences ofpopulation isola-tion in fragmentedlandscapes anddevelop captivebreeding andrelease methods.

S T A F F

This project is coordinated by RickWatson and conducted by AlbertoPalleroni, Russell Thorstrom, and PeterJenny. Aaron Baker and Serena Ayersassisted during 2000.

C O O P E R A T O R S

In Panama the work is authorized bythe Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente.Funding for the project is provided bythe Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation.

onservation in Africa hashistorically focused onpreserving the large

mammals for which the conti-nent is famous—antelope, ele-phant, buffalo, and predatorslike the lion, leopard, and chee-tah—in large protected areas. Asthe human population hasincreased, protected areas haveincreasingly comeunder pressure for useby herders, subsistencefarmers, and others.Despite the tracts ofland set aside in thepast century, the impor-tance of developing aconservation ethic thatincludes “living withwildlife” in the human-dominated landscape isincreasingly understoodby conservationists anddecision makers. As far-ranging predators, raptors typifythe kinds of animals that benefitmost from this broaderapproach. The Pan-AfricaConservation Program aims tohelp conserve raptors and otherbiodiversity in Africa’s human-dominated landscapes throughpublic education, hands-on con-servation, research, and develop-ment of local capacity to helpensure the effort is sustainable.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: The Pan-AfricaProgram started 10 years agowith new efforts in Kenya by

Simon Thomsett, combinedwith ongoing work inZimbabwe and Madagascar. In adecade we have trained and sup-ported three Ph.D., 15 M.Sc.,and numerous other local, aswell as U.S., students. Manynow work in conservation, somefor The Peregrine Fund. Researchhas contributed new knowledge

on raptors, such as theBearded Vulture,Sokoke Scops Owl,African Fish Eagle,Crowned Eagle, MartialEagle, Cape Vulture,and others. Habitatconservation accom-plishments are high-lighted by our havinghelped createMadagascar’s largestrainforest national parkand by having estab-lished a community-

based wetland conservationproject. Hands-on conservationincludes the reintroduction ofBearded Vultures to Hell’s GateNational Park.

2000: We completed a pilotstudy using GeographicalInformation Systems technologyto model raptor distributions inMadagascar, based on habitat,climate, and human parameters.The objective was to predict rap-tor distributions and identifyspecies and areas in need of spe-cial conservation attention. Ifthis approach proves successful,it will provide an important

tool for identifying conservationpriorities for The Peregrine Fundand could be made available onour Internet-based informationsite (Global Raptor InformationNetwork) as a tool for usersworldwide.

Susanne Shultz is investigat-ing the ecological and behav-ioral role of the AfricanCrowned Eagle in Taï NationalPark, Ivory Coast, the largestintact primary forest in WestAfrica. Her goal is to useCrowned Eagle diet analysis todetect change in medium-sizedmammal populations inresponse to illegal poaching.These data will be used to lever-age resources to curtail illegalactivities within the park.Susanne and her Ivorian col-leagues completed another sea-son of field work, and SimonThomsett provided training andassistance with capturingCrowned Eagles for radio-tag-ging and tracking. Susanne suc-cessfully completed her Masters-degree as a result of this studyand is continuing with herPh.D. through the University ofLiverpool, United Kingdom.

F U T U R E P L A N S

We will continue to providedirection, training, and supportfor research on little-knownspecies and/or those in jeop-ardy. Project plans are describedin the following pages.

20

Pan-Africa Raptor Conservation Program

Region

Pan-Africa

Total RaptorSpecies

89

Endangered/Vulnerable

16

PoorlyKnown

7

Above: Crowned Eaglein its habitat.

Left: Rick Watson, InternationalPrograms Director.

S T A F F

Rick Watson directs the Pan-Africa ConservationProgram.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Cooperating with our work are the ConservationPlanning Unit of the University of Pretoria, StateUniversity of New York, University of Liverpool,National University of Abobo, Abidjan, and Taï NationalPark.

G O A L

Conserve raptorsand their habitatsthrough research,education, anddevelopment oflocal conservationand science capac-ity, and hands-onconservation.

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he Bearded Vulture isglobally threatened, andendangered in Kenya, SouthAfrica, and Europe. No breed-

ing Bearded Vultures are knownfor Kenya. Reintroduction inEurope has been somewhat suc-cessful, but this project is a first-ever attempt at reintroductionin Africa. Bearded Vultures lastnested in Hell’s Gate, Kenya, in1979. They were most likely lostbecause of rock climbing andother activities prior to Hell’sGate National Park being estab-lished in 1984. Now that thearea is protected, the chancesare high for successful reintro-duction to this once famousbreeding area.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: Kenya WildlifeServices first invited our leader-ship in this project in the early1990s. Research indicated thatEthiopia was the most suitablesource for young birds and dis-cussions began there in early1998. First translocationsoccurred almost two years laterin 1999, for release in 2000.

2000: Two nestlings fromEthiopia were rescued from sib-licide (death of the second-hatched chick, usually caused bythe first hatched), and translo-cated from Ethiopia, wherenumbers are still reasonable, toKenya in December 1999. They

were raised in captivity untilwithin two to three weeks offledging age when they weretransferred, in March 2000, to aspecially constructed release siteon the cliffs of Hell’s GateCanyon. Here they were caredfor in a protected nest cavityuntil old enough to fly. Bothbirds flew immediately uponrelease in April 2000, but as wehoped, they returned to therelease site to be fed for severalweeks while they grew inde-pendent, explored further, andbecame adept fliers. The birdswere tracked daily, and were res-cued on several occasions when,in their early days, they landedon the ground and could nottake flight again. They seemedto be doing well until one wasfound dead in an exhaust towerof a nearby geothermal powerplant. We hope to convince theplant managers of the need forcovers on the exhaust towerswhich could easily have pre-vented this fatality. The secondbird is still doing well, foragingin the vicinity of its release siteand supplied food at our “vul-ture restaurant.”

Perhaps one of the greatestbenefits of this first year’srelease was the public andmedia interest in the release.Local land-owners, Masai chiefsand herders, Kenya WildlifeService personnel, and press

were present at the release. Theimpression of two BeardedVultures flying free for the firsttime reinforced the conservationlecture given before the release,that large, far-ranging birds suchas Bearded Vultures need largeintact areas of habitat in whichto survive. They need the coop-eration and protection of pri-vate land-owners as well as pro-tected areas.

This project is also providingan opportunity to train numer-ous Ethiopian and Kenyan con-servation personnel. BiologistLakew Berhanu is being sup-ported through his Mastersdegree in conservation biologyat Durrell Institute ofConservation and Ecology,United Kingdom, to helpincrease the number of conser-vation specialists.

F U T U R E P L A N S

Long-term success for thisproject will depend on multiplereleases of many birds.Mortality of young birds beforereaching sexual maturity is typi-cally high, even in the absenceof human interference, such asthe exhaust towers or poisoningby herders. If human factors canbe mitigated, then we wouldexpect to release about 10 youngbirds for every breeding pairestablished. At this time SimonThomsett is again raising three

nestlings translo-cated fromEthiopia forrelease in Hell’sGate NationalPark. He is also working withthe geothermal plant officersand Kenya Wildlife Services staffto mitigate human hazards tothese birds in and around thenational park.

S T A F F

Project management in Kenya andEthiopia is by Simon Thomsett.

C O O P E R A T O R S

We collaborate with the EthiopianWildlife Conservation Organization,Hell’s Gate Management Association,Kenya Wildlife Services, OrnithologicalDepartment of the National Museums ofKenya, and others.

21

Bearded Vulture Reintroduction to Kenya

Simon Thomsett scanscliffs for nesting BeardedVultures, Ethiopia.

G O A L

To re-establish theBearded Vulture(Lammergeier) asa breeding speciesin Hell’s GateNational Park,begin restorationthroughout Kenya,and help developin-country raptorconservation inEthiopia.

Bearded Vulture.

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sett

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atson

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The Cape Verde Red Kite isfound only on the Cape VerdeIslands, a volcanic archipelagoabout 500 km off Senegal, westAfrica. Until the 1950s, it waswidely distributed in the north-

western islands of the archipela-go, but a rapid decline in num-bers was recorded in the 1960s,and by 1999 only two individu-als were found on the island ofSanto Antào. The principal aimof this project is to help preventthe imminent extinction of thiscritically endangered species.

This year may be the finalchance to save this species if itstill exists. A second importantaim is to evaluate the low anddeclining population of theCape Verde Buzzard and evalu-ate and monitor the status ofother raptors on the island ofSanta Antào, Cape Verde.

R E S U L T S

2000: The Peregrine Fundwas contacted and asked forassistance. Rick Watson made areconnaissance trip to the CapeVerde Islands in September2000. Based on that visit, aproject has been designed,staffed, and is about to beimplemented.

F U T U R E P L A N S

Field work will commence inApril 2001. The project is divid-ed into two parts: (1) surveySanta Antào for kites, buzzards,and other raptors; and (2) ifkites are found, evaluate themost effective conservationactions and possibly captureremaining individuals for cap-tive breeding. Outcomes of theproject include improvedunderstanding of the popula-tion status of raptors on SantaAntào with a plan for futureconservation and monitoring. Ifkites are found, a second out-come may be the establishmentof a long-term captive breedingand reintroduction program tohelp restore the species to itsformer range.

22

An exampleof the ruggedand hostileenvironmentinhabited bythe CapeVerde Kiteand localpeople.

Cape VerdeRed Kite

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by R

ick W

atson

G O A L

Help prevent theimminent extinc-tion of the CapeVerde Red Kiteand promote con-servation of otherraptors on theCape VerdeIslands.

S T A F F

This project is directed by RickWatson and conducted by Sabine Hille.

C O O P E R A T O R S

We work closely with the Cape VerdeInstitute of Agriculture (INIDA), theKonrad Lorenz-Institute for ComparativeEthology in Austria, and The NationalBirds of Prey Centre in the UnitedKingdom.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: The PeregrineFund has worked with and sup-ported the efforts of theZimbabwe Falconers Club(ZFC) since 1983 when TomCade and Jim Weaver madetheir first trips to search for thelittle-known and vulnerableTeita Falcon. In 1983 only threeTeita nests were known inZimbabwe. As a result of theZFC’s work, another 20Teita sites have beenidentified over a muchwider range of thecountry, and more isknown about their ecol-ogy in Zimbabwe thanprobably any othercountry. In 1991 webegan a formal collabo-ration with the ZFC tohelp develop localcapacity for raptorresearch and conserva-tion. Their accomplishmentssince then are remarkable, as

represented in the year 2000accomplishments below.

2000: The project providedtraining and research opportu-nities to one B.Sc. honors stu-dent and numerous high schoolstudents. Studies accomplishedwere: (1) the status and distri-bution of Teita, Peregrine, andLanner Falcons in Zimbabwe;(2) the role of Rock Hyrax inthe distribution and status ofBlack, Crowned, and AfricanHawk Eagles in the BubianaConservancy; (3) the effect of

sugar cane farming onthe distribution andabundance of largewinter breeding eaglesat Triangle; (4) timingof laying, reproductivesuccess, and nestingdensity of the SecretaryBird in the Shanganiand Esigodini areas; (5)monitoring of the rap-tor community aroundFalcon College, includ-ing the African Hawk

Eagle, Martial Eagle, TawnyEagle, Blackbreasted Eagle,

Zimbabwe

Black-breasted Snake-Eaglewith snake.

Photo

by R

on H

artley

G O A L

Develop localcapacity forresearch and con-servation of birdsof prey throughtraining, support,and hands-onconservation.

P a n - A f r i c a R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

Large, long-lived birds of preythat range over areas larger thancan be protected by parks andreserves are particularly vulnera-ble to extinction caused byhuman’s degradation of theenvironment. The colonial nest-ing Cape Vulture is exemplaryof this situation. The endan-gered Cape Vulture is foundonly in southern Africa. Itsdecline came with the disap-pearance of migratory antelopeherds and widespread use ofpoisons. This project, being con-ducted by Pat Benson, is anunprecedented study, now in its20th year, begun in 1981 tomeasure and understand bothnatural and human effects on25% of the remaining CapeVulture population that nestson the Kransberg mountainrange, South Africa. Results willbe used by national, provincial,and private conservation agen-cies to ensure the survival of this

conspicuous member of SouthAfrica’s wildlife heritage.

R E S U L T S

2000: At the Kransbergcolony, a 29.1% decline inactive nests (where an egg islaid) occurred from 1984 to1998. Data from the 2000/2001breeding season indicate a fur-ther decline. Results of the sur-vey of other Cape Vulture breed-ing colonies of the formerTransvaal Province (nowGauteng, Mpumalanga,Northern, and WesternProvinces) in July andAugust 2000 show asimilar decline (17.7%decrease since last sur-veyed in 1985).Analysis of over 600carcasses collected dur-ing this study indicatesthat poisoning is amajor mortality factor,while disturbance atnests by rock climbersand hikers, and colli-

sion with man-made structuresare other human factors increas-ing mortality. Some of thedecline is due to birds notbreeding every year, suggesting alack of food. High nestling mor-tality during the period of great-est food demand by young vul-tures supports this view. To addto these problems, rural eco-nomic development became anational priority with SouthAfrica’s change in governmentin 1994. Land-use change asso-

ciated with economicdevelopment in theformer “homelands” ispredicted to inevitablyaffect environmentalquality and diminishwildlife populations.The location of all thelargest Cape Vulturecolonies in, adjacentto, or very near formerhomelands makesthese birds vulnerableto development inthese areas.

F U T U R E P L A N S

Biologists from the projectare collecting data needed forthe management ofCape and other vulturespecies, emphasizinginteractions withwildlife and humanpopulations.Monitoring of breedingsuccess and causes ofmortality at theKransberg and othercolonies by Pat Bensonis the minimumresearch required toestablish populationtrends and understandcauses of decline. Basedon this information,potential support canbe gained for interven-tions by provincial and privateconservation organizations toeliminate poisoning, reduce dis-turbance at the nest, andincrease food availabilitythrough “vulture restaurants.”

C O O P E R A T O R S

The Peregrine Fund provides financialsupport to Patrick Benson of the Universityof the Witwatersrand, South Africa, whoconducts the study.

23

Cape Vulture

C O O P E R A T O R S

The Peregrine Fund collaborates withthe Zimbabwe Falconers Club and theZimbabwe Department of NationalParks and Wild Life Management.Partial support was provided inZimbabwe by Dunlop Company andEagle Insurance Company.

Brown Snake Eagle, African FishEagle, Spotted Eagle, andWahlberg’s Eagle;Blackshouldered Kite; Black andLittle Sparrowhawks; Gabar andLittle Banded Goshawks; andBarn, Pearlspotted, andWhitefaced Owls; (6) monitor-ing of the raptor community atMbalabala (the study site hasbeen affected by land invasions;sites of new settlements andimpacts have been documented,

and breeding success of raptorswas low); (7) Teita andPeregrine Falcon surveys inBatoka Gorge; (8) input givenon the new Tourist Master Planfor Victoria Falls, including theZFC proposal to the Departmentof National Parks and Wild LifeManagement to designateBatoka Gorge a special bird ofprey sanctuary; and (9) reviewand publish human impacts andselected biology on the Ayres’

Hawk Eagle. Falcon breed-ing projects producedeight Peregrines from fivepairs, and four TeitaFalcons from five pairs,potentially helping build acaptive breeding popula-tion of eight Teita Falconpairs. Three scientific arti-cles were published.

G O A L

Support thelongest-ever con-tinuous study onCape Vulture pop-ulation dynamicsand use theknowledge gainedto mitigate humanimpacts on thespecies’ survival.

Cape Vultures.

Photo

by Pa

t Ben

son

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by R

on H

artley

Ayres’ HawkEagle.

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adagascar is the fourthlargest island and oneof 10 biodiversity con-servation “hotspots”

in the world. Twenty-three rap-tor species occur in Madagascar,and 12 are found nowhere else

in the world. Three of theseendemic raptors are classified asendangered, two occur in theeastern rainforests (MadagascarSerpent Eagle and MadagascarRed Owl) and the other(Madagascar Fish Eagle) occursin western Madagascar wet-lands, rivers, and mangroves, oron offshore islands.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: The PeregrineFund began work in Madagascarin 1990 starting with theMadagascar Fish Eagle. Fortypairs of fish eagles were knownto exist prior to this period. Wehave established a research sta-tion on three lakes in centralwestern Madagascar at a sitethat supports about 10% of thefish eagle’s breeding population.From annual surveys we esti-mate the total population to beabout 120 breeding pairsthroughout westernMadagascar. Sincebeginning, we havestudied the ecology ofthe Madagascar FishEagle and have learnedthat habitat degrada-tion and human perse-cution are the maincauses of the species’rarity. We have beenworking with localcommunities toenhance those tradi-tional laws and prac-tices that effectivelyconserve wetland habi-

tat for the fish eagles and otherwetland species.

We began work in 1991 inthe rainforests of northeasternMadagascar where we rediscov-ered the Madagascar SerpentEagle in 1993 and theMadagascar Red Owl in 1994,both species once thought to beextinct. Information gatheredon these two rainforest specieswas important in the creation ofMasoala National Park,Madagascar’s largest park. Atour research station on MasoalaPeninsula we described the firstnests of the Madagascar RedOwl, Madagascar Serpent Eagle,Short-legged Ground-roller, andBernier’s Vanga. We have sup-ported 12 Malagasy universitystudents who obtained Ph.D.and Masters equivalent degrees,along with providing hands-ontraining and experience to 30local technicians.

2000: One Mastersdegree student finisheda study on the sub-species of PeregrineFalcon endemic toMadagascar and is inthe process of writinghis Masters equivalentdegree. We providedlogistical support toPh.D. student RuthTingay studying theunique reproductivestrategy and paternityof Madagascar FishEagles. As a result ofour efforts, two com-munity-based natural

24

Madagascar Project

G O A L

Prevent theextinction ofendangered rap-tors, assist in theconservation ofcritical habitat,and develop localcapacity for con-servation usingMadagascar’s rareand endangeredbirds of prey as afocus.

MadagascarHarrier-Hawk.

Photo

by R

usse

ll Tho

rstrom

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by R

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rstrom

Peregrine Falcon eyrieon a rock face over 600meters high.

P a n - A f r i c a R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

resource management associa-tions were granted governmentauthority to apply their tradi-tional rules to control use of thewetlands region that holds 10%of the breeding population offish eagles. Final communitycharters are in the process ofbecoming a reality for bothassociations that now can limitwho fishes the lakes, control netmesh size and fishing seasons,limit fishing camps to designat-ed areas, and limit to only threespecies the trees that can beused for construction of dug-outcanoes.

On Masoala Peninsula,northeastern Madagascar, wecompleted the first-ever studieson the nest of the MadagascarLong-eared Owl, continued birdmonitoring for indicators ofchange in the avian communitywithin and at the boundary ofthe Masoala National Park, anddocumented the second-evernesting attempt of theMadagascar Serpent Eagle.

F U T U R E P L A N S

A long-term monitoringeffort of the Madagascar FishEagle population will continuewith the goal of preventing theextinction of this endangeredspecies by working and collabo-rating with local communitiesand Malagasy government andnon-governmental organiza-tions with an interest in westernMadagascar wetland conserva-

tion. We will continue research-ing and gathering data on thelife history of the poorly knownraptors with the intention ofpublishing a book on Malagasyraptors. We plan to continuetraining and supportingMalagasy students by involvingthem in masters or doctoralprograms in association withour conservation goals andresearch.

S T A F F

This project is directed by RussellThorstrom and Aristide Andrianarimisaand accomplished by Adrien Batou, BeBerthin, Bonhomme, Jean de DieuChristophe, Eloi (Lala) Fanameha,Bernabe Fernandez, LoukmanKalavaha, Eugéne Ladoany, JulesMampiandra, Rivo Rabarisoa, CharlesRabearivelo (Vola), SimonRafanomezantsoa, Berthine Rafarasoa,Norbert Rajaonarivelo (Velo), JeannetteRajesy, Gérard Rakotondravao, YvesRakotonirina, Möise, Gaston Raoelison,Christophe Razafimahatratra, Lily-ArisonRene de Roland, Gilbert Tokahy, andZarasoa.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Our principal collaborators are theDirection des Eaux et ForÍts (DEF),other members of the TripartiteCommission, and Association pour leGestion des Aires ProtÈgÈes (ANGAP).We also work with the National Officeof the Environment (NOE), University ofAntananarivo, Durrell WildlifeConservation Trust, Bemaraha Project,UNESCO, Project Masoala, ZICOMA,CARE-Madagascar, Wildlife ConservationSociety, and many others. Financial sup-port was provided by the Liz Claiborneand Art Ortenberg Foundation, The JohnD. & Catherine T. MacArthurFoundation, The Walt Disney CompanyFoundation, BP Conservation Award,and others.

25

Top: Madagascar Serpent Eagle.

Below: our technician, Möise, holds a Long-eared Owl.

Madagascar Red Owl.

Photo

by R

usse

ll Tho

rstrom

Photo

by R

usse

ll Tho

rstrom

Photo

by Li

ly-Ari

son R

ené d

e Rola

nd

he Asia-Pacific Programcovers portions of three bio-geographical regions,Oriental, Palearctic, and

Australasian. Our focus is main-ly on those little-known andmost threatened species foundonly on the islands between theIndian and Pacific Oceans, suchas the Philippine Eagle, NewGuinea Harpy Eagle, and JavanHawk Eagle, or other prioritytopics, such as the catastrophicdecline in vultures on theIndian sub-continent.

R E S U L T S

Cumulative: The PeregrineFund first began work in theAsia-Pacific in the late 1980s byassisting the Philippine EagleFoundation with their goals toprevent the extinction of thePhilippine Eagle, described sep-arately in the following pages.Studies on the New GuineaHarpy Eagle were accomplishedin 1998 and 1999, and areabout to be published. A neweffort was started in Mongoliain 1999 where the tradition ofhunting with eagles is beingreplaced by a negative attitudetoward raptors, posing a poten-tially serious threat toMongolia’s wealth of birds ofprey. Also in 1999 we supportedpesticide contamination studieson the Lesser Fishing Eagle inIndia where DDT and otherchemicals are used in quantity,

and supported two studentsstudying the endangered JavanHawk Eagle in Indonesia.

2000: To develop the coun-try’s first raptor expert, conserva-tion leaders in Mongolia identi-fied biologist NyambayarBatbayar for future training andeducation in raptor biology andconservation. He arrived inBoise in March 2000 and spentthree months working with rap-tor biologists in the Snake RiverBirds of Prey Area receivinghands-on training in field studytechniques, as well as Englishlanguage training. He returnedin August to begin classes atBoise State University, enrolledin the raptor biology mastersdegree program.

F U T U R E P L A N S

In June 2001 Mongolian biol-ogist Nyambayar Batbayar willbegin field work for his thesisdissertation on the ecology ofCinereous Vultures in Mongolia.The study is important in viewof the vulture population crashoccurring not far away in India.It will provide baseline popula-tion data from which to detectchange locally, and contributeto understanding the role ofavian scavengers in consumingcarcasses of livestock whensevere weather conditions causehigh mortality, as has occurredthe past two winters. We antici-pate his research and course

work to take another two tothree years.

In Indonesia we are workingwith expert Bas van Balen. Wehope to develop cooperatively acomprehensive program thatwill improve our knowledge oflittle-known species foundthere, train Indonesian raptorbiologists and conservationists,and develop a network ofresearch and monitoring acrossthis island nation that spansalmost 3,000 miles. We wouldhope to establish study sites ini-tially in West Papua (Irian Jaya)to study the vulnerable NewGuinea Harpy Eagle, the little-known Chestnut-shoulderedGoshawk, and other species injeopardy such as Doria’s Hawkand Gurney’s Eagle.

During later phases of theprojects, programs may also beinitiated elsewhere, such asSulawesi where forests areunique in supporting fourAccipiter species that livetogether or segregated by eleva-tion: Sulawesi Goshawk, Spot-tailed Goshawk, Vinous-breast-ed Sparrowhawk, and SmallSparrowhawk. The island of Javaprovides an advanced opportu-nity to understand and predictthe effects of forest fragmenta-tion on raptors and other fauna.The rainforest of Java has a longhistory of human (logging, cul-tivation) and natural distur-bances (volcanism, fires,

26

Asia-Pacific Raptor Conservation Program

Region

Oriental

Australasian

Total RaptorSpecies

55

54

Endangered/Vulnerable

9

16

PoorlyKnown

11

11

S T A F F

Rick Watson directs the Asia-Pacific Program.

C O O P E R A T O R S

In the Mongolia Project we cooperate with the USGSSnake River Field Station, Raptor Research Center andBoise State University, World Wide Fund for Nature -Mongolia, and Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Weare working with Bas van Balen to develop a coopera-tive effort in Indonesia. Funding has been provided bythe Robert Comstock Company, The Walt DisneyCompany Foundation, and Dan Cover.

Forest island in a human-dominated environmentprovides a final refuge forsome species.

Photo

by R

ick W

atson

G O A L

Conservation ofspecies in jeopardy,research on poorlyknown species, anddevelopment oflocal conservationcapacity throughtraining and sup-port.

Asian Vulture Crisis

opulations of at leastthree Gyps vultures

(Indian White-backed,Cliff, and Slender- billed

Vulture) have collapsed in thepast few years in India, Nepal,and neighboring countries. Thecatastrophic rate of decline,caused by high mortality ofboth adult and young birds,has spread global concern thata disaster, as significant as theloss of raptors to DDT in themid-1900s, is in the making.

By itself, the threat of extinc-tion of three vulture speciesand the implications for sur-vival of other species in thefood web is a potentially stag-gering setback to conservationof global biodiversity. However,these birds also play an impor-tant role in the human domi-nated ecosystems of the Indiansub-continent. The loss of largenumbers of vultures may havesignificant ecological, humanhealth, and economic impacts.Until now, vultures performedan essential function of riddingthe landscape of carcasses that,when left unconsumed, mayharbor and help spread bovineand human diseases. Withseverely diminished numbersof vultures, other scavengers,such as feral dogs that alreadypose a rabies hazard, are likely

to increase innumbers.Increasingly,carcasses willhave to be

burned or buried, imposing anew economic burden that wasprovided free by vultures. Thelack of vultures has placed thecultural beliefs and traditionsof the Zoroastrians (Parsees) injeopardy as well. TheZoroastrians practice a traditiondating back over 2,000 yearswhere their dead are left insacred grounds known as“Towers of Silence” for vulturesto consume.

The Peregrine Fund is con-cerned about the possibleextinction of vultures in theIndian sub-continent and theimplications this rapid, unex-plained population collapsehas for other Gyps species inEurope and Africa. Based onour experience with species

recovery efforts worldwide, webelieve it is critical to under-stand the cause of the declineand quickly develop solutionsthat will help ensure vulturesurvival. The amazing speed ofthe decline adds an unusuallevel of urgency to this project.By ourselves we can not hopeto achieve meaningful results.This effort requires cooperationand collaboration on a scaleperhaps never before needed—we are working as a catalyst forlocal and international action.

Our first objective is tounderstand the cause of thevulture population collapse inthe Indian sub-continent. Withthis understanding, we mayhelp ensure vulture survivaland limit the potential forlosses among the other Gypsspecies in Asia, Europe, andAfrica. However, no soundconservation action can be

S T A F F

This project is directed by RickWatson and conducted by MunirVirani and Martin Gilbert.

C O O P E R A T O R S

We are working in partnershipwith Robert Risebrough, Bodega BayInstitute; J. Lindsay Oaks,Washington State University; PatrickBenson, University of theWitwatersrand; the OrnithologicalSociety of Pakistan; Bombay NaturalHistory Society; and BirdConservation Nepal. We are collabo-rating in Pakistan with the PunjabWildlife Department, Lahore Zoo,National Council for the Conservationof Wildlife, Pakistan Museum ofNatural History, and B.Z. MultanUniversity. In Nepal we collaboratewith Himalayan Nature andDepartment of National Parks andWildlife Conservation. Partial finan-cial assistance was provided by TheWalt Disney World CompanyFoundation.

27

droughts), and the presentpattern is a mosaic of settle-ments, agricultural lands, andforest in various degrees ofdegradation. A number offorest patches on the islandhave enjoyed protection sincecolonial times, and the pres-ent 130+ patches range insize from just a few to60,0000 hectares.

As in the Philippines andMadagascar, the time fordoing meaningful conserva-tion work in Indonesia andMalaysia is running out. Arecent editorial inConservation Biology reportson the devastation of thelowland forests from threedecades of intensive loggingand the fires that occur in theaftermath.

Photo

by M

ark W

atson

Native New Guinea womanwith young Papuan Hawk-Owl.

G O A L

Intervene in thethreateningextinction of theGyps vulture pop-ulations in theIndian sub-conti-nent and thepotential spread ofthis syndrome toother vultures inEurope and Africa.

continued on page 28

Cliff Vulture.

Photo

by M

unir V

irani

A s i a - P a c i f i c R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

A s i a - P a c i f i c R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

he Philippine Eagle is ahuge, incredibly beautifulforest eagle, which only hasever been known to occur on

four of the over 7,000islands making up thePhilippines. As a resultof human persecution,habitat modification,and, in many cases,total elimination of itsforest environment,eagle populations have

dramatically decreased. There isno doubt this species is therarest and most threatened withextinction of all the world’s

large forest eagles. In the Philippines

there exists a dedicat-ed, hardworking,innovative group total-ly committed to pre-serving the PhilippineEagle and its environ-ment—the Philippine

28

Philippine Eagle

taken until the cause ofincreased mortality amongvultures is understood.

Our objectives in 2000 wereto (1) establish field studies ingeographically widely separat-ed sites to measure vulturemortality and understand itscauses, and (2) sample deadand dying vultures and sendtissues to laboratories world-wide with the capacity to iden-tify the causes of mortality,especially the suspected (butunconfirmed) presence of aninfectious disease.

R E S U L T S

Since beginning work inJuly 2000, we have successfullyand cooperatively establishedfield projects at one site inNepal, three sites in India, andthree sites in Pakistan. Ourlargest effort is occurring inPakistan where a large popula-tion of White-backed Vulturesremains. It is here that we aremost likely to document andunderstand the mortality thathas already swept India andNepal, where only severelydepleted vulture populationsremain. Since November 2000,with the help of local studentsand biologists, we have beenstudying vultures at about2000 nests at three breedingsites, and at roosts and feedingsites. We are attempting totrap, radio-tag, and mark birds

so that they are individuallyrecognizable and can be fol-lowed to foraging sites. We arerecording behavior, breedingsuccess, mortality, and its caus-es. In Pakistan, our staff veteri-narian, Martin Gilbert, is col-lecting dead and dying birds,conducting necropsies, andsampling tissues for analysis inthe U.S. by collaborating avianvirologist Lindsay Oaks.

Results to date indicate thatunusual adult mortality isoccurring in the Pakistan vul-ture population, with higherfrequency closer to the Indianborder where the suspecteddisease has already devastatedthe Indian populations, and ata rate that appears to beincreasing. In the two-monthperiod from mid-November2000 to mid-January 2001, 42dead or dying White-backedVultures were observed ofwhich 67% were adults. Ofthose birds necropsied (morethan 20 and increasing daily),about 60% show signs of acuteavian visceral gout that areconsistent with early findingsfrom vultures in India. Thesuspected disease, however, isnot yet affecting birds inPakistan at a rate that could beconsidered epidemic. Largebreeding populations ofWhite-backed Vultures remainin the Punjab Valley. This situ-ation may change rapidly if

the postulated disease is onlynow entering the population,or if its effects are seasonal.

F U T U R E P L A N S

The first tissue samplesarrived in the U.S. in mid-February 2001, and importantresults are expected within thenext few months. Analysis oftissue in several laboratoriesworldwide is consideredimportant by avian virologists,who accept it may take aninternational team effort toidentify the disease quicklyand accurately.

We anticipate that initialfield and laboratory studieswill be completed during 2001and provide strong informa-tion on which to base furtherresearch and/or conservationinterventions. In preparationfor the possible event thatreintroduction will be neededto prevent the extinction ofthese birds and/or to restoretheir populations, we areworking with our partners inPakistan to be ready to estab-lish an isolated, disease-free,captive flock of White-backedVultures. These birds couldprovide the source for reintro-duction if and when the causeof the decline is resolved.Similar flocks of Slender-billedand Cliff Vultures potentiallycould also be established inIndia, Nepal, or elsewhere.

Asian Vulture Crisis (continued from page 27)

G O A L

Conservation ofthe PhilippineEagle and its

habitat.

Photo

by F.

R.E.E.

,ltd.

A s i a - P a c i f i c R a p t o r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m

Eagle Foundation (PEF). Wereport their results here, andThe Peregrine Fund stronglyendorses this group and its mis-sion. Although their amazingresults continue, they strugglefinancially because of thedepressed Asian economy, polit-ical turmoil, and conflict on theisland of Mindanao. For U.S.based donors who wish to assistthe PEF and receive tax benefits,we accept donations and thentransfer the funds. ThePhilippine Eagle Foundationcan be contacted at the ValLearning Village, Ruby St.,Marfori Heights, Davao City8000, Philippines; e-mail: sal-vador@dvo.info.com.ph; andthe web site: www.philippineagle.org.

R E S U L T S

2000:Captive Breeding

Production - Six eggs werelaid by captive Philippine Eaglesat the PEF propagation facility.Five of those were fertile, andtwo eaglets hatched and sur-vived. One eaglet was from anaturally breeding pair and thesecond the result of artificialinsemination.

Apprenticeship Program -Seven veterinary medicine stu-dents, six from the University ofSouthern Mindanao and onefrom Central MindanaoUniversity, were providedhands-on training. They wereexposed to different areas of

work, food preparation, animalhusbandry, egg incubation andchick rearing, and food stockproduction.

Research and ScienceField Research - The field team

continued the radio telemetrystudy of wild Philippine Eagleswhich was begun in 1999. It wasaccomplished at two sites: Mt.Sinaka where an adult femalewas captured and had a radiotransmitter attached and in Mt.Apo where a juvenile fledged in1999.

Publications - Three impor-tant publications were generatedand others submitted for publi-cation. Those published include:

Miranda, H.C., Jr., D.I.Salvador, J.C. Ibanez, and G.A.Balaquit-Ibanez. Summary ofPhilippine Eagle ReproductiveSuccess, 1978-98. Journal ofRaptor Research.

Miranda, H.C., Jr., D.I.Salvador, and G.L. Bueser. Onthe Population Biology andStatus of the Philippine Eagle.Proceedings, Joint Meeting ofthe Raptor Research Foundationand World Working Group forBirds of Prey.

Ibanez, J.C., D.S. Afan, G.L.Bueser, K.M. Gatil, G. Balaquit-Ibanez, D.I. Salvador, and H.C.Miranda, Jr. Observations onthe Breeding Behavior of a Pairof Philippine Eagles in MountSinaka, Mindanano.Proceedings, Annual Conferenceof Wildlife Conservation Societyof the Philippines.

Conservation EducationTeachers Training - The PEF’s

“Teachers’ Training” project,now operating in its fourth year,continued in 2000 with almost1,800 teachers from all cornersof Mindanao island participat-ing. This nationally accreditedtraining project educates teach-ers about the environment andimportance of conservation.Efforts are now underway toimplement this program on anational scale.

Visitors - The PhilippineEagle Center hosted 119,696 vis-itors in 2000. Of these, 54%were adults, 24% teens, and22% children. The majority ofthe teens and children were stu-dents on school-sponsored fieldtrips. Twelve B.Sc. students weretrained and helped with lecturesand tours. A drop of 30% in vis-itors occurred from 1999because of the Mindanao con-flict. Since 1991, the Center hashad 1,530,443 visitors!

Broadcaster’s Education onEnvironment and Development -This project’s aim is to reducehuman persecution ofPhilippine Eagles through thebroadcast media. There are 27AM radio stations participating.Radio and word-of-mouth arethe primary sources of informa-tion in rural communities.Following media workshops byPEF staff, posters, flyers, andradio messages were developed.This information is now beingdisseminated.

Community-Based InitiativesThe community-based initia-

tives are focused wherePhilippine Eagles are known toexist. They operate on the prem-ise that the long-term solution tosustainable resource conserva-tion is the empowerment of thecommunities in deciding howbest to conserve the natural envi-ronment on which they depend,and which they share with thePhilippine Eagle. These projectsare typically long-term, somelasting over 10 years, with thePEF working with the communi-ties first to identify their localresources and produce a commu-nity resource map that highlightsthe current condition of theirarea. Next the PEF staff will helpmanage these resources andteach the communities develop-ing new skills and knowledge tolive sustainably within, ratherthan to destroy, their forest envi-ronment. The PEF has several ofthese projects underway.

C O O P E R A T O R S

Conservation associates Jim andJoyce Grier work closely with BillBurnham and his co-workers on thisproject. Joyce has her own separateprojects directed at grade school agechildren—Classrooms That Make aDifference, Co-global StudentPartnership for Rainforest Conservation,and the Tropical Rainforest and thePeople. As a professor of biology atNorth Dakota State University and anexpert on eagles, Jim advises on sci-ence issues. Major financial support forthe project was provided by The WaltDisney Company Foundation.

29

Domingo Tadena candlesa Philippine Eagle egg tocheck embryonic develop-ment.

Photo

by C

hristi

an Fa

ckelm

ann

30

Balance Sheets • September 30, 2000 and 1999

ASSETS 2000 1999 CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 807,201 $ 781,036 Merchandise inventory 43,637 54,134 Grants receivable 478,142 229,161 Pledges and other accounts receivable 98,033 128,210 Prepaids and other current assets 81,786 58,295

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 1,508,799 1,250,836

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND ARCHIVES Land 1,513,000 1,513,000 Land improvements* 758,522 803,404 Buildings 6,160,879 5,173,753 Trailers 150,123 150,123 Equipment and vehicles* 1,223,928 1,488,408 Fixtures and displays 594,211 585,240 Construction in progress 23,465 768,321

10,424,128 10,482,249 Accumulated depreciation (2,976,964) (2,854,116)

7,447,164 7,628,133 Library 237,822 180,591 Archives 600,536 589,432

8,285,522 8,398,156 ENDOWMENT ASSETS Cash 21,710 549,929 Investments 8,841,295 5,567,333

8,863,005 6,117,262 $ 18,657,326 $ 15,766,254

LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES 2000 1999 CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $ 424,812 $ 53,255 Accrued taxes and expenses 716 620 Deferred restricted revenue 141,742 247,501

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 567,270 301,376

FUND BALANCES Unrestricted operating fund 941,529 949,460 Restricted endowment fund 8,863,005 6,117,262 Investment in property, equipment

and archives* 8,285,522 8,398,156 TOTAL FUND BALANCES 18,657,326 15,766,254

$ 18,657,326 $15,766,254

* Decrease reflects transfer of Hawaiian Bird Conservation Program to the Zoological Society of San Diego.

THE PEREGRINE FUND

Investment Income $41,419Tours/Admissions $75,141Sales $95,488In-Kind Donations $110,345Corporations $126,640vidualIndiv

sGifts9,281$799

onConservatioPrograms$1,273,003

Grants/Contracts$1,407,305

Foundations$2,424,035

SpeciesRestoration$2,797,036

Fund Raising $84,094Membership $88,714

Administration $177,863

Education/Information $324,119

COMEINCCOMEINC EI COMECOMEINCINCCOMECOMEINCINCCOMECOMECOMEINCINCINC

ENSEEXPEENSEEXP EE ENSEENSEEXPEEXPENSEENSEEXPEXPENSEENSEENSEEXPEEXPEXPcludes constructionexcd inventory for salesand

Many organizations and individuals contribute materials at no cost or at cost. Services contributed have been recorded at the amount it would have cost The Peregrine Fund.

Figures for this audited statement were provided by Balukoff, Lindstrom & Co., P.A., Certified Public Accountants. Full reports are available upon request.

$1,000 - $2,499

Mr. John B. BeineckeMr. and Mrs. Frederick BelandWill and Margaret BetchartDr. Richard Bierregaard and Ms.

Cathy DolanThe Bondurant Family Trust of the

Fidelity Investments Charitable GiftFund

Mr. Bill BoniDr. and Mrs. William BurnhamDr. and Mrs. Tom J. CadeCalifornia Hawking ClubJeff, Kathy, and Jack CilekMr. Robert A. DayMr. Charles de GanayMr. Paul DicksonMs. Katie DolanCharles W. Duncan, III and Mary Ann

Duncan DingusMr. and Mrs. Harold S. EastmanMr. and Mrs. Michael D. EisnerThe Eisner FoundationEnright Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Kevin A. FinnMs. Carol GeisMr. and Mrs. D. Wayne GittingerDr. Cathleen A. GodzikMr. and Mrs. Edward H. HarteMr. Fred P. HayesH.J. Heinz Co. FoundationMr. Stephen HillWalter C. Hill and Family FoundationMr. and Mrs. Richard HokinMr. and Mrs. J. Peter JennyMr. Summerfield K. Johnston, Jr.Key FoundationMr. and Mrs. Barron U. KiddMr. and Mrs. Harvey C. KingMs. Judith KingLuther King Capital ManagementIrving Kohn Foundation, Inc.Mr. Anthony LaphamMr. Frank Y. LarkinMad River FoundationDavid M. MalcolmMr. Stanley Marcus

Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. McElroyMr. and Mrs. James NelsonNorth American Falconers AssociationMr. and Mrs. William OakesMr. Jack OarMrs. Elizabeth B. ParksHans PeetersMr. Spence PorterMr. and Mrs. Charles S. RainwaterMr. and Mrs. Ken RichardsonMr. Godfrey A. RockefellerMr. Richard T. SchotteDr. Sheldon SeveringhausMrs. Sherwood SmithMr. William R. StewartTejon RanchDr. Thomas J. TempletonMr. Richard S. ThorsellPeter T. TootTucker FoundationMr. and Mrs. Robert WallickWallick Family Foundation

31

2000 Chairman’s Circle Members

We are pleased to honor this year’sChairman’s Circle members. Their unrestricted giftsallow flexible response to changing circumstancesand are critical to the organization’s operation.

+ denotes Patron members* denotes multi-year members

The Chairman’s Circle offers memberships at thePatron ($2,500) and Partner ($1,000) levels ofunrestricted annual gifts. If you would like moreinformation on the Chairman’s Circle, please callour membership office at (208) 362-3716.

Mr. and Mrs. FrederickBeland*

Bennu*Will and Margaret Betchart*Dr. Richard Bierregaard and

Ms. Cathy Dolan*Robert A. DayCharles de Ganay*Paul Dickson*Katie DolanMr. and Mrs. Charles W.

Duncan, III*Harold S. Eastman*Michael D. Eisner and The

Eisner Foundation*Ms. Rebecca Gaples and Mr.

Simon Harrison+*Mr. and Mrs. D. Wayne

Gittinger*Cathleen A. Godzik*Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Harte*

Florence Hegyi Family TrustStephen HillHank Kaestner+Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kayser+*Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King*Judith King*Luther King Capital

Management*Frank Y. Larkin*David M. Malcolm*Stanley Marcus*Elizabeth B. Parks*Spence Porter*Mr. and Mrs. Charles S.

Rainwater*Ken and Charlotte Richardson*Richard T. Schotte*Mrs. Sherwood Smith*Richard S. Thorsell*Robert and Joan Wallick*

$2,500 - $4,999

APS Foundation, Inc.Club 300Eyas FoundationMrs. Lillian FryMs. Rebecca Gaples and Mr. Simon

Harrison

Dr. Jay GlassHewlett-Packard CompanyThe Idaho Statesman and Gannett

Communities FundMr. Hank KaestnerMr. and Mrs. Donald Kayser

Microsoft Matching Gifts ProgramMill Pond PressJames NelsonPennzoil-Quaker State CompanyThe Timken Family Charitable TrustEstate of Barbara Winternitz

$500 - $999

Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. AinesMr. and Mrs. Stephen A. BeebeMs. Marilyn BickingAnne Gordon Harper Blanchard

Foundation, Inc.Dr. P. Dee BoersmaMrs. Erica K. BrobergThe Bullitt Foundation, Inc.Mr. Kurt BurnhamMr. and Mrs. Connor B. BurtonDr. Jack CarterMr. and Mrs. Allen ChaikinMr. Robert E. ColemanMr. Roger Crawford

Mr. F.W. CroppMr. Timothy DohenyDr. and Mrs. Phil EldredgeDr. and Mrs. James H. EndersonMr. and Mrs. Bill FreutelMr. Anthony GarrettMr. Stephen GattiGreen Hotels AssociationThe Hackborn FoundationMr. and Mrs. Ken HarrisonMs. Rosemary A. Barry HuntingtonMr. and Mrs. Jim InceMr. and Mrs. Gregory A. InskipIntermountain Gas Company

Jockey Hollow FoundationMs. Tracey Kehne and Mr. Terry

WaltherMr. and Mrs. Bob KoeberleinDr. Lee LenzThe Karla and Mike Lewis FundChristine Gempp Love FoundationMr. and Mrs. Jeff MaillouxMr. Stuart C. MartinSenator John McCainMr. David McMahonMr. Marshall B. Miller and Ms.

Claudia P. HuntingtonMrs. Paul L. Miller

Mr. and Mrs. James C. NelsonMs. Jean O'ConnorMr. Richard OlcottPeregrine Industries, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. John RobisonMr. Mark RockefellerMs. Maggie A. SacherSan Antonio Zoological Gardens &

AquariumMr. N. John SchmittMs. Cynthia S. SchotteDr. H. Irving Schweppe, Jr.Dr. Lucia Liu SeveringhausMr. and Mrs. Bailey Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Tom SmylieMr. and Mrs. Joseph UrbanoMr. John Newton WalkerMr. and Mrs. Wm. W. WessingerMr. and Mrs. Dana A. Wilke

2000 Donors

$20,000 or more

$10,000 - $19,999

J.A. & Kathryn Albertson FoundationBank of America FoundationThe Bobolink FoundationBoise Cascade CorporationMr. Frank BondThomas and Kate CanbyThe Estate of Mrs. Dorothy A.

CliffordT. Halter CunninghamMrs. Carolina Forgason

Globe FoundationIdaho Power CompanyKaytee Avian FoundationMr. and Mrs. Walt KleinMr. and Mrs. Jacobo LacsLedder Family Charitable TrustMr. Steve MartinMr. Hal MaxeyThe Moore Charitable FoundationMr. Peter O'Donnell, Jr.

Phelps Dodge CorporationDr. Sally SpoffordThe Steele-Reese FoundationThe Sunderland FoundationThe Tapeats FundTen Times Ten FoundationTrust for Mutual UnderstandingUnion Pacific FoundationMr. Duane H. Zobrist

$5,000 - $9,999

Atherton Family FoundationBank One, Arizona, NABennuDr. Robert BowmanSidney S. Byers Charitable TrustLTC Sidney Kent CarnieMr. and Mrs. Yvon V. ChouinardJames and Barbara Cimino

FoundationDan Cover

Mr. Ron CrawfordThe Walt Disney World Company

FoundationThe Fanwood FoundationMr. Norm FreemanMs. Florence HegyiFlorence Hegyi Family TrustMr. and Mrs. Mike MaplesMcInerny FoundationMr. and Mrs. Tom Nicholson

Chris ParishThe Salt River ProjectMr. and Mrs. Will ShorThe Summit FoundationThe Teddy FoundationThe Terteling CompanyTrus Joist, a Weyerhaeuser BusinessMr. and Mrs. William E. Wade, Jr.Daniel M. Ziff FoundationDirk E. Ziff Foundation

The Ahmanson FoundationAmerican Electric PowerLee and Ramona Bass FoundationArchie W. and Grace Berry

FoundationMr. Harry BettisThe Brown Foundation, Inc.Bureau of Land Management,

IdahoBurns Family FoundationCanon U.S.A., Inc.Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg

FoundationThe Robert Comstock CompanyLaura Moore Cunningham

Foundation, Inc.Roy Disney Family FoundationThe Walt Disney Company

FoundationThe Geraldine R. Dodge

FoundationThe Charles Engelhard FoundationExxon\Mobil Foundation

Grasslans Charitable FoundationMr. and Mrs. Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr.Hawaii Department of Land and

Natural ResourcesKaren and Tim HixonHouston Endowment, Inc.The Harry Bettis Fund of the Idaho

Community Foundation, Inc.Robert Wood Johnson 1962

Charitable TrustThe Kearney FoundationRobert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C.

Kleberg FoundationThe John D. & Catherine T.

MacArthur FoundationMr. and Mrs. Peter ManigaultMrs. Nobuko McClureHarry W. Morrison Foundation,

Inc.Mrs. Velma V. Morrison and Mr.

John J. HockbergerM. J. Murdock Charitable TrustMr. and Mrs. Brian Mutch

National Fish and WildlifeFoundation

Jim and Karin NelsonOffield Family FoundationMr. and Mrs. David ParkerPatagoniaHenry M. and Wendy J. Paulson

FoundationJane Smith Turner FoundationJohn and Vicki SwiftTurner Foundation, Inc.U.S. BankU. S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceMr. and Mrs. H.B. WallaceWallace Research FoundationArthur H. Weaver Family TrustMr. and Mrs. James WeaverMr. John WeaverWiancko Family Donor Advised

Fund of the CommunityFoundation of Jackson Hole

Wolf Creek Charitable FoundationMr. and Mrs. Ron Yanke

The Peregrine Fund is a not-for-profit organization and can only operate through the support of voluntary contributions. Because no work could have beendone without this financial support, the birds truly are in your hands. We are proud to list the individuals, businesses, organizations, foundations, and agen-cies who have contributed $100 or more, including gifts of goods or services, during 2000. We regret that space limits us to listing only those who havecontributed at that level and above. Every donor is very important to us, and your continuing participation makes the programs possible. We thank eachand every one of you for your partnership.

32

2000 Memorial Gifts andBequests

During 2000 dona-tions were received inmemory of the follow-ing individuals:

Admiral (a Peregrine Falcon)Mr. Patrick ClancyMr. Alan DannenbergMr. Malcolm EdwardsMr. Lloyd FullerMr. Bob GolleyMr. John Martin HallMr. Gerald D. HerrickMrs. Kathryn Swim HerrickMrs. Helen Beatrice LarsonMr. Carl NicholsonMrs. Richard PeturaMr. Jerry ScottMr. Woody Woodward

We hope you will con-sider The PeregrineFund in your estateplanning. Memorialgifts and bequests areplaced in our endow-ment fund so thatthese gifts can perma-nently support the con-servation of birds andtheir environments.We welcome inquiriesabout bequests at(208) 362-3716.If you wish to make aprovision in your will,the following generalform is suggested:

I give, devise, and bequeath toThe Peregrine Fund, Inc., anIdaho not-for-profit corporation,located on the date hereof atthe World Center for Birds ofPrey, 566 West Flying HawkLane, Boise, Idaho 83709,the sum of $____ (or specifi-cally described property).”

$200 - $499

$100 - $199

Mr. Richard E. AhrensMs. Marjorie A. AinesThe Morris and Bessie Altman

FoundationAmerican Association of

ZookeepersMr. Louis Ares, Jr.Stanley J. Arkin FoundationMr. Mark ArmstrongMr. Rick AshworthDr. Janet Jeppson AsimovMr. Gerhard AssenmacherMs. Lynne BachmanThe Backpackers ShopMs. Marna C. BaggsMr. Jerry BagnaniBank of New York and The George

Link, Jr. FoundationDr. Ann Bardeen-HenschelMr. and Mrs. Hatch BarrettMr. and Mrs. Ron BaumanDr. and Mrs. Herbert John BeilDr. Kurt BenirschkeThe Boeing CompanyMr. and Mrs. Dana Brabson, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. BradenMr. and Mrs. Jeffrey BrindaMs. Barbara BrownDr. Theresa L. BucherMr. and Mrs. Russell BuschertMr. Thomas CantellaDr. Steven B. CareMr. David C. CareyMr. and Mrs. Blake ChapmanMr. and Mrs. Jerry CilekMs. Esther CokeMr. and Mrs. John Cook

Dr. E. Newbold CooperMr. Andy CopeMr. John Robert CopeMr. and Mrs. Frank T. CurtinMs. Carolyn J. DanielsMr. George G. DanielsJamie and Thomas DaterMr. and Mrs. John DayMr. and Mrs. Jack L. DunsmoorMr. and Mrs. Chris duPontMrs. Susanna C. EastonMaryAnn EdsonMrs. John Taylor EllisMr. Donald B. EmeryMr. Frank ErhardtMr. and Mrs. Morris EvansThe William Ewing Foundation and

Grace Ewing HuffmanMr. Shawn FarryMs. Joan FaustMrs. George FearingMr. Dallas D. FordMr. and Mrs. Randy L. FordeThe John Francis FamilyMr. David FrankMr. Tim FreemanMr. and Mrs. Brian GallagherMr. Martin Peres GaratMr. and Mrs. John GeanMrs. Gretchen GellerGeneral Fire, Inc.Mr. James F. GilpinThe Gourmet RodentB. GrahamMs. Cynthia GrayMr. and Mrs. Peter W. Gray

Mrs. Helen K. GrovesMr. and Mrs. Gary W. GuntherMrs. James C. HagemanHageman Family FoundationMrs. Alan Harley and ChrisDr. and Mrs. Alan HarmataMr. J. Battle HaslamMr. and Mrs. William HeinrichMr. Kenneth HillLee and Dianne HodgesMr. and Mrs. Herb HoltHome BaseMrs. Grace Ewing HuffmanMr. Bill HuheeyMr. Hans Kurt HussongMr. and Mrs. Benton JenningsMr. and Mrs. Bryan JenningsMr. Roland JeskeMr. and Mrs. David Junkin, IIMr. and Mrs. Ben KiffMr. and Mrs. Brian KnoxMr. and Mrs. William KolbMs. Connie KulikLafayette ElementaryMr. Steven LaRueMr. and Mrs. Roger M. LebbinMs. Rita LehnertMs. Ruth LindsleyMr. and Mrs. Steve LoerchMr. and Mrs. Richard LueckelDr. William MacLeod, Jr.Fannie Mae FoundationMr. and Mrs. Gerry MandellMr. Andrew L. MartinMrs. Margaret MartinMr. David E. Mason

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. McGrathMrs. Margaret McMahonMrs. Mimi McMillenMerrill Lynch Matching Gifts

ProgramMr. and Mrs. Walt MinnickMitchell Energy & Development

CorporationMr. Angel MontoyaMr. and Mrs. Don MoserMr. Morlan W. NelsonNew York Times Company

Foundation, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Robert NicholsMr. Leonard NicholsonMs. Donna O'NeillMr. and Mrs. Peter O'NeillOhio Falconry AssociationMr. and Mrs. Gerald OndrF. Edward and Jeanne P. Osborne

Family Foundation, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Charles OsterbrinkMs. Carolyn OyerMr. Alberto PalleroniDr. Kurt PapenfusMr. Everett C. ParkerMs. Sara Jean PetersMr. and Mrs. Len PetersonMr. and Mrs. Jack G. PetersonMrs. Virginia C. PeturaMr. James PierceMs. Laurama PixtonMs. Frances PopeMr. C. Donald PowersMr. and Mrs. Ronald W. PrestfeldtProfessional Record ManagementMr. Sean Prosser

Public Lands InterpretiveAssociation

Punahou School -Grade 4Mr. and Mrs. Ira PurchisMs. Sarah RichardsDr. Beverly RidgelyMr. and Mrs. John RigbyMr. Ronald RogackiMr. Hal A. RossMr. Stanley M. Rowe, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Andrew SabinMr. and Mrs. Calvin E. SandfortMs. Jacqueline SchaferMr. and Mrs. Phil SchempfMr. and Mrs. Clee SealingMr. and Mrs. Peter SheldonMs. Sue SontagDr. Robert D. StorerMr. and Mrs. Casey TaubMs. Sally TongrenMr. J. Townsend TubbsMr. and Mrs. Ben TuttleMs. Benedicte ValentinerMr. and Mrs. Peter WachtellMr. Richard C. WalkerMr. James N. WallaceMr. and Mrs. Robert L. WallaceMs. Adele WebsterMr. and Mrs. Bill WeilerMr. and Mrs. Robert E. WerstMr. and Mrs. Douglas J. WiegleyMr. and Mrs. George WilliamsMs. Maxine A. WinerMr. Tom WitheringtonMr. and Mrs. Kenneth WoodMr. Kurt Young

Mr. and Mrs. Michael AchillesMr. and Mrs. Sam G. AdlerAerie Nature Series, Inc.Dr. Patricia AgreDr. and Mrs. Kevin AlbaughMr. David C. AllaisMs. Lori AllessioMr. and Mrs. Robert AllisAmerican Express FoundationMr. George A. Ammann, Sr.Mrs. Julie A. AndersonMr. and Mrs. Keith E. AndersonArizona Game and Fish DepartmentMr. Raphael ArnaudMs. Edith S. AronsonMr. Allen Asbury and Ms. Teresa

MaylorMr. David BallMr. and Mrs. William BallentineMs. Sylvia BarbarichMr. and Mrs. Albert P. BarkerMr. and Mrs. Mike BarkerMr. and Mrs. Matthew BarneyMr. and Mrs. Roy N. BathumMr. and Mrs. Philip BattMr. William BaxterMs. Lorraine BazanMr. and Mrs. Raymond BeatonMs. Pam BeaumontMr. and Mrs. Doug BeckerMrs. Sandra BeebeMr. and Mrs. Tim BehrmanMr. and Mrs. Bliss Bignall, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. J. Randolph BirchDr. and Mrs. Paul L. BlackMr. Steven G. Black and Ms.

Wendie A. WulffDr. and Mrs. Claude BlochMrs. Rolinda Loew BloomMs. Susan BoettgerMr. Patrick BollingerMr. and Mrs. Larry BomkeMr. and Mrs. Lorne V. BraunMr. William J. BreedMr. and Mrs. Bud BrownMr. Ronald E. BrownMr. Walt BrownMr. and Mrs. William H. BryantMr. Michael G. Buck and Ms.

Nancy GloverMr. Neil J. BuckleyMr. Andrew BullenMs. Barbara BunnMr. Robert Burinskas

Mr. Daniel ButlerMs. Kim S. CaldwellDr. David S. CampionMr. and Mrs. Lee A. CasebereMr. Thomas CastellaneMr. John A. CateyMr. George B. CauthenMr. and Mrs. George CawthonDr. and Mrs. David ChallinorDr. Mark A. ChappellDr. F. Lawrence ClareMr. Ronald G. ClarkeMr. and Mrs. David W. ClaryMs. Christina E. Clayton and Mr.

Stanley KolberMs. Mary E. ClemeshaCloverdale Nursery & Turf Farm, Inc.Dr. Jean W. CohnMr. and Mrs. Sean ColeMr. Bob CollinsMr. Scott A.B. CollinsMr. and Mrs. Kevin ConseyMr. and Mrs. Donald M. CooperMr. and Mrs. Tom CoulsonMr. Tim CrawfordMs. Verne CrawfordMr. John CrimMr. Alan CzarnowskyMr. and Mrs. Paul D'AndreaMr. and Mrs. Robert F. DailyMr. James A. DavidsonMr. and Mrs. Peter DavidsonMs. Letitia M. DavisMr. Wallace DaytonMrs. Joseph de AngelisMr. Dexter DefibaughMr. Curtis DiersDr. David E. DinesMr. Michael P. DiOrioMr. and Mrs. John DornMs. Barbara DouglasMr. and Mrs. Peter DoyleMr. and Mrs. John DullmeyerMr. R. David DuncanMr. and Mrs. Danny DurranceMr. Wade EakleMr. and Mrs. John B. EdgertonMr. and Mrs. William M. EdisonMs. Janice L. EdwardsMr. Lee EhmanMs. Catherine ElliottMr. W. Neil ElliottMrs. Ardythe K. EllisonMs. Barbara C. Elwood

The Peregrine Fund depends on contributions to fundour projects. Our Board of Directors has created anendowment, the interest from which funds our adminis-trative expenses so that 100% of your donation will beapplied directly to our projects. You can make a contri-bution through a direct gift, at work place giving cam-paigns, or through planned giving. The Peregrine Fundparticipates in many payroll deduction campaigns,including the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC#0945) through Earth Share, an alliance of national

and environmental charities and state environmentalfederations. You may also increase or even double yourcontribution to The Peregrine Fund by participating inyour employer’s matching gift program. Ask youremployer how you can participate.

To donate directly to The PeregrineFund, please use the envelope inside thisannual report or join via our web site atwww.peregrinefund.org.

a member of Earth Sharenn

2000 DonorsBecome a Partner

33If you do not find your name, or find it in an inappropriate location or incorrectly spelled, please let us know. Accuracy is very important to us and although we try hard, sometimes mistakes slip by.

$100 - $199

Mr. and Mrs. John EmrickMr. Floyd B. EutslerMr. Leo E. FaddisMs. Emily F. FairchildMrs. Lynae FearingMr. Jonathan FernaldMr. Charles FerrisMr. Clark FidlerMr. and Mrs. Frederick L. FidlerMr. and Mrs. Jack FieldsMs. Janie P. FinkMrs. Jean FischerMs. June FitzgeraldDr. and Mrs. Richard FitzgeraldMrs. C.D. FleischmanMr. John F. FlynnTom FoerstelMrs. Peggy FoleyThe Ford FoundationMs. Arleen ForgeyMr. George Forman, Jr.Fort Worth Zoo Chapter of American

ZookeepersMr. and Mrs. Mike FowlerMr. Scott FrancisFrank Family TrustMs. Linda FraserMrs. Kristy FrenchMr. Frank FuerstMr. Tim GallagherMr. Donald J. GalliganMr. and Mrs. David GardnerMs. Paula GavinMr. James GayMr. and Mrs. Gerald GeigerMr. John D. GerhartMs. Beverly GholsonMs. Martha GibbonsMr. and Mrs. Richard GidnerMs. Susan GieseckeMs. Catharine E. GlothMr. and Mrs. Robert GoldfarbMr. and Mrs. Eric GoodmanMr. and Mrs. Robert GoydenMs. Barbara GraceMr. and Mrs. Joseph J. GrazaitisMr. and Mrs. Wayne GreenstoneMr. Clint GriffieMr. and Mrs. Roger P. GrimshawMs. Nina B. GriswoldMs. Marianne Grob and Mr. Karl

JasparsMr. and Mrs. Steve GuinnMr. John A. Gwynne, Jr.Professor Frederick A. Hagar

Mr. Arthur HallDr. and Mrs. John D. HallahanDr. William L. HallahanMr. Dan HalstedMr. and Mrs. Bert HamersmaMr. A. Stuart HanischMr. and Mrs. Wallace Hardy, Jr.Mr. William HarmonMr. Ikuya HatanoHawaii Electric Light Co., Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. HayMr. and Mrs. Larry HaysDr. Alison M. HazelMr. and Mrs. Ross HealdMrs. Mimi HeibergMr. Daniel HeitkampMr. James HenryMr. and Mrs. Melvin S. HenryMrs. Barbara HessMr. Vaughan HetemMr. and Mrs. David H. HibnerMr. and Mrs. David HillMr. and Mrs. William K. HoffmanMr. and Mrs. Joseph HolbrookMs. Alice HolingerMs. Tracy HolmesMr. and Mrs. Scott HoltMs. Anne Hornung-SoukupDr. Patrick M. HouriganMr. Val T. HowardMr. and Mrs. Keith HuffmanL. Barrie HuntMrs. Nancy IllmerDr. Johan IngelsInternational Society of ArboricultureMr. and Mrs. Jim JamesMr. David JamiesonMr. Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.Ms. Beth JenkinsMr. Larry JensenMr. David C. JohannsenMs. Cathy JohnsonMr. David L. Johnson and Ms. Anne

NoblesMr. C. Richard JonesMs. Maggie JonesDr. and Mrs. Craig L. JordanMr. Irvine JordanMrs. Judith M. JoyMr. and Mrs. Paul D. JungMr. James F. KeenanMrs. Eleanor KelemenDr. and Mrs. Thomas KillipMr. and Mrs. Mel Lee Kirksey

Mr. and Mrs. Ken KitsonMs. Karen S. KleehammerMs. Cheryl KleinbartMr. Keith KlineMr. Robert E. KruegerMr. William B. KurtzMr. James LambeMr. Peter LandryMr. and Mrs. Bob LaneMr. John R. Lane and Ms. Inge-Lise

EckmannMr. and Mrs. Logan LanhamMr. and Mrs. Richard W. LawinMr. Kevin LearnedMr. and Mrs. Jeff LebensMr. and Mrs. Andy F. Lermer, Jr.Mr. Robert C. LillyMr. and Mrs. Bill LinkMr. Tibor LokeMr. David LowensteinMr. R. Dennis LundMr. Daniel LutenMs. Diane LynchMs. Nancy LysloMr. and Mrs. Craig MadsenMr. and Mrs. Gerald A. MakaMr. Michael C. Mallea and FamilyMr. and Mrs. Bill ManeyMr. David MaritzMr. and Mrs. Don MastersonDr. and Mrs. Allen W. MathiesMr. and Mrs. Edward MayerMr. Ernst MayrMs. Jill McIntireMr. and Mrs. Michael McIntyreMr. Steve McLellanMr. Michael P. McSweeneyMr. and Mrs. George H. MeadMr. and Mrs. George MellingMs. Deborah MeredithMr. and Mrs. Davis MerwinMs. Katie MichelMr. and Mrs. Rufus L. MileyMs. Beverly MillerMr. Henry G. MillerMr. and Mrs. Michael K. MillerMr. and Mrs. Pat MillerMs. Susan MillsMr. Karlo MirthMs. Elsie MogckMorrison Knudsen CorporationMs. Alida MorzentiMr. and Mrs. Bert MurrayMr. and Mrs. Bob Murray

Mr. Richard MusserMr. and Mrs. Amel MusticMr. Paul Napier and Ms. Lois MartinMr. Philip Naumburg, Jr.Mrs. Patricia Antoinette NeffMs. Amy C. NicholasMr. and Mrs. Mike NicholsMrs. Russell L. NicholsonMs. Mary NormandiaMs. Barbara Normington and Mr.

John TurnerMr. Mike O'CallaghanMr. William S. O'KeefeMr. Allen Olsen and Ms. Carol SilvaMrs. Beverly OlsonMr. John PachayMr. and Mrs. Michael PalmerMr. Richard PalmerMr. Raymond J. PappMr. Nicholas B. PaumgartenDr. and Mrs. Robert B. PeckPeregrine OutfittersMr. and Mrs. Rudolf PetersenMr. Gregory R. PiersonMr. and Mrs. Piet PietersMr. Dan PikeMs. Louise PlankCol. and Mrs. Walter W. PlummerMr. and Mrs. James PodsiadloMs. Tasha PravecekDr. and Mrs. Richard A. PrestonMr. Jay A. PruettMs. Douglass Rankin and Mr. Will

RugglesMr. Brad RatcliffMr. and Mrs. Robert E. RayMr. Bayard D. ReaMargaret W. Reed FoundationMrs. Karen Heiberg ReuterMr. Sidney ReynoldsMs. Bobbie L. RiceMr. Jeff RiddleMr. and Mrs. Richard C. Ripple, Jr.Ms. Rhonda R. RiveraMr. and Mrs. Frank RobertsonDr. Meg RobinsonMs. Lorelei RockwellMr. Gary RodeMrs. Mary RoehlingMr. Mike RoperMr. David Rorick, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. William E. RoseMs. Mavis S. RosellMr. and Mrs. John RosholtMr. Stephen Ross

Mr. and Mrs. Charles RothMr. and Mrs. Charles Rubens, IIMr. and Mrs. Glenn RuckdashelMr. and Mrs. Steven RussellMr. Guy G. Rutherford, Jr.Mr. John SangsterMr. and Mrs. Ernest W. SaundersMr. G. Brett SaundersMr. Michael V. ScalzoMr. and Mrs. Larry SchaadMr. and Mrs. Joel SchickMr. Ronald SchmidtMr. and Mrs. A. A. SchonderMr. and Mrs. Roger Allan SchultzMr. Scott SchwartzMr. and Mrs. Dan ScottMs. Katherine M. ScullyMr. and Mrs. Scott P. SeagrenMr. and Mrs. Jerry SeligMr. Jack D. ShannonMr. Mark SharkyMr. and Mrs. Henry W. SherrillMs. Kathleen ShoemakerMr. Allan ShoppMs. Beth SimsMr. and Mrs. Jeffrey SippleAugustine and Katherine SmytheMs. Mary SniderSociety for Preservation of Birds of

PreySouth Mountain Audubon SocietyMr. John H. SpeckmanMr. and Mrs. David SpencerMr. and Mrs. Rand S. SpiwakMr. and Mrs. Edward B. StablerMs. Susan C. StammMr. and Mrs. Ray StarkMs. Patricia C. SteinMr. Paul SteinMs. Wendy SteinerMr. Randy StevensMr. and Mrs. Edward StimpsonMr. Christopher Stinson and Ms.

Joan RudelMr. Kirk StodolaMr. and Mrs. Kent StottlemyerMr. Davis StraubMr. Stephen W. SubberMr. and Mrs. Dennis SullivanMr. Clark SumidaMr. Jon E. SwansonMr. and Mrs. David W. SwetlandMr. Robert W. Tafel, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. David Taft

Mr. Takashi and Mrs. ReikoKurosawa

Tara Foundation, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. John B. TestaMr. Platt ThompsonMr. Jerry ThorstromMr. Russell ThorstromMs. Leigh TomlinsonDr. Harrison TordoffMr. Clinton TownsendMr. and Mrs. Al TragerMs. Mary TrailMs. Mary TrapnellMr. and Mrs. Robert TroxellMr. John A. TrunnellMr. and Mrs. James Tumpane, IIIMr. William C. TuthillU.S. Bancorp FoundationU.S. West FoundationMr. and Mrs. Stephen M. UnfriedMr. John VandermeerMs. Elizabeth Crownhart VaughanMr. Enrique Alfonso VelascoDr. Pieter J. VermeerMrs. Emily WadeDr. George WadeMr. and Mrs. John W. WadeMr. Byron L. WalkerMr. Thomas WarrenMr. John WarrinerMrs. Winifred WashcoMr. and Mrs. Arnold WatsonCol. and Mrs. D. E. WattersonMr. and Mrs. Robert WeatherwaxMr. and Mrs. Leslie S. WeissMrs. Gillett WellesDr. and Mrs. James A. WellsMr. and Mrs. John WelshDr. James Wetzel, Jr.Mr. Henry WigginLinda P. Williams/Williams Family

FoundationMrs. and Mr. John WilliamsMr. John WinnMr. Mark WitmerMr. Edmund J. WlodarczykMr. and Mrs. Richard B. WoodburyMr. and Mrs. Dale C. WoolleyMr. and Mrs. William L. WoolleyMr. Lou WoyceMr. and Mrs. Michael A. YatesMr. Leonard YoungDr. Reto Zach

2000 Donors THE PEREGRINE FUND ANNUAL REPORT

© 2001Edited by Bill BurnhamDesign by AmySiedenstrang

Thanks to John Schmittfor donating illustrations.

Thanks to Robert Bateman andMill Pond Press, Inc., Venice,Florida, for cover artwork.

Production costs donated by members of the Board of Directors of ThePeregrine Fund.

T H E P E R E G R I N E F U N D S T A F F

The organization’s business-related activities are supported by PatBurnham (Administrator), Carol Pettersen (Bookkeeper), and ShaunOlmstead (Secretary/Receptionist). Linda Behrman is our MembershipDirector. Jack Cafferty, Program Executive, has recently joined our team.

U n i t e d S t a t e s

I n t e r n a t i o n a l S t a f f

Linda BehrmanRoy BrittonBill BurnhamKurt K. BurnhamPat BurnhamJack CaffertyJeff CilekRoss DickinsonMaryAnn EdsonNancy FreutelBill HeinrichJ. Peter Jenny

Lloyd KiffPaul MaloneKim MiddletonAngel MontoyaAmel MusticBrian MutchShaun OlmsteadNedim OmerbegovicSophie OsborneChris ParishCarol PettersenDalibor Pongs

Brenda RuckdashelCal SandfortRandy StevensRussell ThorstromRandy TownsendRick WatsonDave Whitacre

ArchivistS. Kent Carnie

AristideAndrianarimisa

Francisco BarriosAdrien BatouBe BerthinBonhommeJean de Dieu

ChristopheEloi (Lala) FanamehaBernabe FernandezMartin GilbertKathia HerreraLoukman KalavahaEugéne LadoanyJules Mampiandra

Lilia MendozaMöiseDavid MojicaAngel MuelaAlberto PalleroniRivo RabarisoaCharles Rabearivelo

(Vola)Simon

RafanomezantsoaBerthine RafarasoaNorbert RajaonariveloJeannette RajesyGérard RakotondravaoYves Rakotonirina

Gaston RaoelisonChristophe

RazafimahatratraHilario RodriguezLily-Arison Rene de

RolandSimon ThomsettGilbert TokahyJaneene TouchtonEdwin UrriolaUrsula ValdezJose VargasMunir ViraniZarasoa

D. James NelsonChairman of the Boardand Director President, Nelson ConstructionCompany

Paxson H. OffieldVice Chairman of theBoard and Director President and CEO,Santa Catalina IslandCompany

William A. Burnham,Ph.D.President and Director

J. Peter JennyVice President

Jeffrey R. CilekVice President

Julie A. WrigleyTreasurer and DirectorChairman of the Board,EmeritusChairman and CEO,Wrigley InvestmentsLLC

Ronald C. YankeSecretary and DirectorPresident, Yanke Machine Shop,Inc.

Tom J. Cade, Ph.D.Founding Chairman andDirectorProfessor Emeritus ofOrnithology, Cornell University

Roy E. DisneyChairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorVice Chairman, The Walt DisneyCompanyChairman of theBoard, Shamrock Holdings,Inc.

Henry M. Paulson, Jr.Chairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorChairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, The Goldman SachsGroup, Inc.

Lee M. BassPresident, Lee M. Bass, Inc.

Robert B. BerryTrustee, Wolf Creek CharitableTrust, Falcon Breeder,and Conservationist

Harry L. BettisRancher

P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D.Professor, University ofWashington

Frank M. BondAttorney at Law and Rancher

Robert S. ComstockPresident and CEO,Robert ComstockCompany

Derek J. CraigheadEcologist

Ronald CrawfordPresident, F/P Research Associates

Scott A. CrozierSenior Vice Presidentand General CounselPETsMART, INC

T. Halter CunninghamBusinessExecutive/Investor

Patricia A. DisneyVice Chairman,Shamrock Holdings,Inc.

James H. Enderson,Ph.D.Professor of BiologyThe Colorado College

Caroline A. ForgasonPartner,Groves/Alexander

Michael R. GleasonInvestor, Culmen Group, L.P.

Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr.Developer, G&N Management,Inc.

Karen J. HixonConservationist

Walter C. KleinCEO, Walt Klein &Associates, Inc.

Jacobo LacsInternationalBusinessman andConservationist

Patricia B. ManigaultConservationist and Rancher

Velma V. MorrisonPresident, The Harry W.Morrison Foundation

Ruth O. MutchInvestor

Morlan W. NelsonNaturalist,Hydrologist, andCinematographer

Ian Newton, D.Phil., D.Sc.Senior OrnithologistNatural EnvironmentResearch CouncilUnited Kingdom

Thomas T. NicholsonRancher andLandowner

Lucia L. Severinghaus,Ph.D.Research FellowInstitute of Zoology,Academia SinicaTaiwan

R. Beauregard TurnerFish and WildlifeManager, Turner Enterprises

William E. Wade, Jr.President (Ret.),Atlantic RichfieldCompany

James D. WeaverPast President, North AmericanFalconers’ Association,and Raptor Biologist

The Peregrine FundWorld Center for Birds of Prey5666 West Flying Hawk LaneBoise, Idaho 83709United States of America

Non-Profit OrganizationU.S. POSTAGE

PAIDBOISE, ID 83709PERMIT NO. 606

D I R E C T O R SO F F I C E R S & D I R E C T O R S

BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE PEREGRINE FUND

Business Office (208) 362-3716

Interpretive Center (208) 362-8687

Fax (208) 362-2376

E-mail Address tpf@peregrinefund.org

Web Site http://www.peregrinefund.org

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