Workshop on Community Development: “Increasing …...penggemukan sapi dan kerbau, pengembangan ternak kambing, budidaya ikan patin dalam keramba, pengolahan kelapa terpadu, dan pengolahan

Proceeding

Workshop on Community Development:“Increasing Community Income as an Effort to

Prevent Forest and Land Fires in South Sumatra”

Palembang, 28-29 June 2005

The Cooperation between South Sumatra Forest Fire Management

Project (SSFFMP) and Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian

(BPTP) Sumatera Selatan

AGRO INOVASI

Workshop on Community Development:

Increasing Commnunity Incomeas an Effort to Prevent Forestand Land Fires in South Sumatra

Workshop Proceeding(With Indonesian Summary)

Palembang, 28-29 June 2005

EditorsAndy Mulyana, A. Muslim, Djoko Setijono

Workshop on Community Development Program by SSFFMP, Palembang June 28-29, 2005 ii

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF .................................................................................. iv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................... vi

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1

A. Background ........................................................................................... 2

B. Workshop objectives................................................................................. 3

II. WORKSHOP PROCESS................................................................................... 4

A. Place and Time ....................................................................................... 4

B. Participants............................................................................................. 4

C. Organizing Method .................................................................................. 4

III. WORKSHOP RESULTS .................................................................................. 12

A. Phase I : Opening Ceremony and Presentations ........................................ 12

1. Opening Ceremony Resumes......................................................... 12

2. Paper Presentations ..................................................................... 14

B. Phase II: Working Group Discussions........................................................ 21

C. Closing Ceremony ................................................................................... 29

REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 30

PAPER PRESENTATION .................................................................................... 32

HANDOUTS OF PAPER PRESENTATION ............................................................. 113

ANNEXES ....................................................................................................... 131

Workshop on Community Development Program by SSFFMP, Palembang June 28-29, 2005 iii

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LIST OF TABLE

Table Page

1. Workshop schedule on community development program organized by SSFFMPin Palembang, 28-29 June 2005...................................................................... 5

2. Monitoring and evaluation of community development implementation in 2004and 2005 (Working Group I)……………………………………………………………………….. 23

3. Strengthening community development activity in gender perspective andadvocating by non-government organization (NGO) in 2005(Working Group II) …………………………………………………………………………………….. 27

4. Sustainability of community development in gender perspective(Working Group III)…………………………………………………………………………………… 29

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LIST OF PAPERS PRESENTATION

PageTOPIK I. PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI MELALUI SISTEM

USAHA TANI BERBASIS PADI DAN JASA ALSINTAN

TOPIC I. INCREASING COMMUNITY INCOME THROUGH PADDYCULTIVATION AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SERVICEUNITS

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dengan Sistem Usahatani Berbasis Padi danPengembangan alat dan Mesin Pertanian (Alsintan) untuk MeningkatkanPendapatan Masyarakat

Community development based on paddy cultivation and agriculturalmachinery applications to increase community income

Budi Raharjo, Yanter Hutapea, Edward Canto dan Subowo …………………………. 34

TOPIK II. PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI MELALUIPENGEMBANGAN USAHA PETERNAKAN

TOPIC II. INCREASING COMMUNITY INCOME THROUGH ANIMALHUSBANDRY

Pengembangan Usaha Peternakan Dalam Rangka Peningkatan Pendapatan Petanidi Sumatera Selatan

Development of Animal Husbandry to Increase Farmer Income in South Sumatera

Y. S. Pramudyati, J. Efendy, Waluyo, dan E. Canto …………………………………….. 48

TOPIK III. PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI MELALUISISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU

TOPIC III. INCREASING COMMUNITY INCOME THROUGH INTEGRATEDFARMING SYSTEM

Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat Melalui Sistem Pertanian Terpadu

Increasing Community Income through Integrated Farming System

Erizal Sodikin …………………………………………………………………………………………. 61

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Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Kegiatan Integrated Farming System antaraTernak dan Tanaman untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat

Community Development through Integrated Farming System Activities byCombining Animal Husbandry and Plant Cultivation to Increase CommunityIncome

Tumarlan Thamrin, Y. Suci Pramudyati, Muhadjir dan Subowo ……………………….. 71

Penanaman Tanaman Sela Diantara Tanaman Karet Sebagai AntisipasiPerladangan Berpindah

Alley Cropping System in Small-Holder Rubber Plantation in orderto Reduce Shifting Cultivation

A. Subendi, Jahidin Rosyid dan Arief Sidik P ………………………………………………… 78

TOPIK IV. PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI MELALUIPENGOLAHAN KELAPA TERPADU DAN PERIKANAN

TOPIC IV. INCREASING FARMER INCOME THROUGH INTEGRATEDCOCONUT PROCESSING AND FISHERY

Pemanfaatan Hasil Samping Tanaman Kelapa Di lahan Pasang SurutSumatera Selatan

The using of Coconut Waste Product for Producing Valuable Productsin Swampy Area, South Sumatra

Kiagus.Abdul.Kodir and Subowo,G …………………………………………………………… 90

Pelestarian Sumberdaya Perairan Melalui Budidaya Patin Dalam Keramba

Sustaining Water Resources through Patin Fish Farming in Keramba

Harnisah ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 98

SPECIAL TOPIC

Gender and Women Activities

Yandriani ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 110

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LIST OF PAPER PRESENTATION HANDOUTS

Page

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dengan Sistem Usahatani Berbasis Padi danPengembangan Alat dan Mesin Pertanian (Alsintan) untuk MeningkatkanPendapatan Masyarakat

Community development based on paddy cultivation and agriculturalmachinery applications to increase community income

Budi Raharjo, Yanter Hutapea, Edward Canto dan Subowo …………………………. 114

Pengembangan Usaha Peternakan Dalam Rangka Peningkatan Pendapatan Petanidi Sumatera Selatan

Development of Animal Husbandry to Increase Farmer Income in South Sumatra

Y. S. Pramudyati, J. Efendy, Waluyo, dan E. Canto …………………………………….. 118

Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat Melalui Sistem Pertanian Terpadu

Increasing Community Income through Integrated Farming System

Erizal Sodikin …………………………………………………………………………………………. 120

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Kegiatan Integrasi Farming System antaraTernak dan Tanaman untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat

Community Development through Integrated Farming System Activities byCombining Animal Husbandry and Plant Cultivation to increase CommunityIncome

Tumarlan Thamrin, Y. Suci Pramudyati, Muhadjir dan Subowo ……………………….. 122

Penanaman Tanaman Sela Diantara Tanaman Karet Sebagai AntisipasiPerladangan Berpindah

Alley Cropping System in Small-Holder Rubber Plantation in orderto Reduce Shifting Cultivation

A. Subendi, Jahidin Rosyid dan Arief Sidik P ………………………………………………… 126

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Pemanfaatan Hasil Samping Tanaman Kelapa Di lahan Pasang SurutSumatera Selatan

The using of Coconut Waste Product for Producing Valuable Productsin Swampy Area, South Sumatra

Kiagus.Abdul.Kodir dan Subowo,G …………………………………………………………… 127

Pelestarian Sumberdaya Perairan Melalui Budidaya Patin dalam Keramba

Patin Fish Farming in Keramba to Sustain Swampy Area

Harnisah ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129

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LIST OF ANNEX

Page1. List of workshop participants .................................................................. 132

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RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di Sumatera Selatan maupun wilayah lain diIndonesia selain disebabkan fenomena alam juga karena dibakar dengan sengaja untukmembuka lahan baru bagi usaha perkebunan maupun pertanian lain yang diharapkandapat memberikan keuntungan ekonomi. Penggunaan api yang tidak terkontrol,timbulnya kebakaran dan penyebarannya berkaitan dengan sebagian besar darikegiatan-kegiatan pengembangan baik di lahan basah maupun lahan kering. Daripenelusuran lebih mendalam berdasarkan beberapa studi yang dilakukan terungkapbahwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan terkait erat dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi dan perilakumasyarakat, antara lain karena tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat hidup dan tingkat ekonomidan pendapatan yang rendah, sehingga upaya untuk menyadarkan masyarakat akanbahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan dan mendorong partisipasi mereka untukmenanggulanginya semakin dianggap penting.

Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah kebakaran adalah denganmenciptakan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan atau menjadi sumber pendapatan bagimasyarakat pedesaan, sehingga masyarakat tidak perlu lagi mencari tambahanpendapatan dengan cara membakar hutan dan lahan. Mulai tahun 2004 SSFFMP (SouthSumatra Forest Fire Management Project) melaksanakan kegiatan pemberdayaanmasyarakat yang berwawasan gender dengan membuat contoh lapangan pada 6 (enam)desa di 3 (tiga) kabupaten prioritas rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan, yakni KabupatenMusi Banyuasin (MUBA), Banyuasin dan Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI). Selain memeliharakegiatan yang telah dikembangkan tahun 2004, pada tahun 2005 SSFFMPmengembangkan pula 5 (lima) contoh lapangan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakatyang berwawasan gender dan 4 (empat) kegiatan perempuan pada desa binaan yangbaru. Dalam aplikasinya di lapangan kegiatan tersebut dilaksanakan bekerjasama denganBalai Penelitian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) melalui pengembangan beberapa modelkegiatan, yaitu optimalisasi dan perbaikan teknologi budidaya tanaman padi di lahanpasang surut, pengembangan unit jasa alsintan pembangunan penggilingan padi,penerapan pertanian terpadu, penanaman tanaman sela di antara tanaman karet,penggemukan sapi dan kerbau, pengembangan ternak kambing, budidaya ikan patindalam keramba, pengolahan kelapa terpadu, dan pengolahan hasil samping sabut kelapa.

Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat akan dapat berkelanjutan hanya apabila melibatkanberbagai stakeholders, sehingga kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan perlu diketahui olehmereka yang berperan pada tahap awal. Hal ini penting agar masing-masing pihak akandapat memberikan kritik maupun masukan, maupun menentukan peran apa yang dapatmereka lakukan, sehingga akan sangat berguna bagi kelancaran dan kesuksesanpemberdayaan masyarakat di sekitar hutan pada masa mendatang. Untuk itulah kegiatanlokakarya pemberdayaan masyarakat oleh SSFFMP dilakukan.

Pelaksanaan lokakarya ini terdiri atas dua tahap, yaitu tahap I adalah pemaparan hasilpelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat di lapangan dan kemungkinanpelaksanaan sistem pertanian terpadu yang lebih tepat pada masa mendatang. Padasetiap sesi paparan dilanjutkan dengan tanya jawab dan diskusi oleh seluruh pesertadalam rangka memberikan masukan, kritik dan saran konstruktif, sekaligus pemantauanevaluasi terhadap proyek yang telah dilaksanakan pada tahun 2004 dan yang akandilakukan tahun 2005. Pembukaan dan pengarahan dilakukan oleh Wakil Kepala Dinas

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Kehutanan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Selanjutnya Pemaparan dari rencana 9 makalah,hanya 8 makalah yang akhirnya dapat dipaparkan, yaitu 1 (satu) paparan mengenaiaktivitas program gender, 6 makalah hasil pelaksanaan program pemberdayaanmasyarakat oleh BPTP dengan judul pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan sistem usahataniberbasis padi dan pengembangan alat dan mesin pertanian (Alsintan) untukmeningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat, pengembangan usaha peternakan dalam rangkapeningkatan pendapatan petani di Sumatera Selatan, pemberdayaan masyarakat melaluikegiatan Integrasi Farming Sistem antara ternak dan tanaman untuk meningkatkanpendapatan masyarakat, penanaman tanaman sela diantara tanaman karet sebagaiantisipasi perladangan berpindah, pemanfaatan hasil samping tanaman kelapa di lahanpasang surut Sumatera Selatan, pelestarian sumberdaya perairan melalui budidayapatin dalam keramba dan 1 (satu) makalah tentang peningkatan pendapatanmasyarakat melalui sistem pertanian terpadu oleh Fakultas Pertanian Unsri.

Tahap II adalah diskusi kelompok untuk memperoleh masukan terhadap kegiatanpemberdayaan masyarakat binaan yang telah dilaksanakan SSFFMP bersama stakeholderlainnya dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan mereka sebagai alternatif pencegahankebakaran hutan dan memformulasikan rekomendasi tindak lanjut kegiatan selanjutnyasehingga terjamin keberlanjutan pemberdayaan masyarakat berwawasan gender. Untukkeperluan ini, dibentuk 3 kelompok kerja, yaitu kelompok I tentang monitoring danevaluasi kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berwawasan gender tahun 2004 dan2005, kelompok II tentang pemantapan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat yangberwawasan gender serta pendampingan oleh LSM tahun 2005, dan kelompok III tentangkeberlanjutan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berwawasan gender. Hasil diskusikelompok dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kegiatan SSFFMP tentang program pemberdayaanmasyarakat yang berwawasan gender telah dilaksanakan cukup baik namun masih perlumelibatkan seluruh stakeholders secara lebih intensif lagi sejak awal kegiatan,memperbaiki beberapa kekeliruan yang telah dilakukan dan lebih mengedepankan peranmasing-masing stakeholders sesuai dengan fungsi dan keahliannya, pelatihan danpendampingan lebih diintensifkan lagi (dinamika, pengorganisasian dan manajemenkelompok, keuangan usaha, dan ekonomi rumah tangga (ERT), meningkatkan motivasimasyarakat untuk maju dan mandiri, melibatkan lebih banyak perempuan dalam setiapkegiatan CD, penerapan teknologi baru sesuai dengan kondisi spesifik daerah,menghasilkan produk akhir yang laku dijual di pasar lokal, dan perlu dicarikan kemitraandengan investor dalam bidang pemasaran.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The occurrence of forest and land fires experienced in South Sumatera and other regionin Indonesia are not only caused by natural phenomenon but also by traditional landclearing for agricultural activities which economically need less cost. The worst experiencewas widely occurred in wet and dry land. The past intensive studies revealed that mostforest and land fires in Indonesia related with socio-economy and community activitiesaround the forest, this is caused by knowledge and socio-economy level of the communityare low. Therefore the activities encouraging the community awareness and theirinvolvement to overcome environmental damages caused by forest and land fires areurgently important in order to prevent and reduce more fire incidences.

It is clear that one of the efforts can be carried out for preventing fires is by creatingactivities that would increase or become sources of income for rural people. In thatrelation, since 2004 SSFFMP (South Sumatra Forest Fire Management Project) hasimplemented community development (CD) activities with gender perspective by creatingpilot projets at 6 (six) villages in 3 (three) priority districts vurnerable for forest and landfires, namely Musi Banyuasin (MUBA), Banyuasin and Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI). Inaddition to maintaining the activities of 2004, the projects is also implementing 5 (five)field pilot projects in gender perspective in order to increase the community income and 4(four) women activities at new guided villages in 2005. The field implementations havebeen carried out jointly with Agricultural Technology Research Institute (Balai PenelitianTeknologi Pertanian/BPTP), through the development of several activity models, that areoptimizing and developing paddy field cultivation on swampy land, developing mechanicalequipment service units, constructing rice milling unit (RMU), applicating integratedfarming system, developing intercropping system between rubber trees, cattle and buffalofattening, goat production, patin fish farming, integrated coconut process, and coconutwaste products process.

The sustainability of community development will be quaranted if the activities involve allstakeholders from the begining of the program. Therefore each stakeholder know what heor she do and has a sense of responsibility of the role. They are also willing to discusshow to solve the problems, give constructive critisms, suggestion, and idea, so that thecommunity development activities around the forest wil be run smoothly and successfully.For this purpose, SSFFMP organized a two-day workshop about community empowermentin gender perspective to prevent forest and land fires.

This two-day workshop consisted of two phases. Phase I was presentations of the resultof community development activities and the opportunity of applying appropriateintegrated farming system in the future. These presentations were then followed by briefdiscussions to accommodate participants’ comments, constructive suggestion, andmonitoring and evaluation of the project conducted in 2004 and those will be conductedin 2005. Workshop opening and guidelines was conducted by the deputy of regionalforestry office of South Sumatera. It was then followed by 8 presentation out of 9 plannedpresentation. The first presentation explained gender activities, the other 6 presentationsdiscussed the results of community development activities conducted by BPTP. The topicswere community development based on paddy cultivation and agricultural machineryapplications to increase community income; Integrated farming system which combine

Workshop on Community Development Program by SSFFMP, Palembang June 28-29, 2005 xii

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animal husbandry and plant cultivation; Alley cropping system in small-holder rubberplantation in order to reduce shifting cultivation; the using of coconut waste product forproducing valuable products; Patin fish farming in Keramba to sustain swampy area. All 6papers mentioned above were presented by BPTP. Another 1 paper was about themethod of increasing community income by integrated farming system, presented byFaculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University.

Phase II was working group discussions to accommodate participant’s comment andsuggestion on community development activities organized by SSFFMP collaborating withother stakeholders. This aimed to increase their income as an alternative program toprevent forest fires and to formulate recommendation for the future activities, so thesustainability of community development activities with gender perspective wasguaranteed. To facilitate this session, participants were then grouped into 3 workinggroups. Each working group discussed different topics. Group I discussed aboutmonitoring and evaluation of community development activities in gender perspectiveimplemented in 2004 and 2005. Group II discussed about strengthening communitydevelopment activities in gender perspective and advocating scheme by non-governmentorganization (NGO). Group III discussed about the sustainability of communityempowerment in gender perspective. The working groups discussions concluded thatthe community development activities in gender perspective were conducted properly bythe project, but in future it should involve all stakeholders from the beginning of theprogram. The involvement and contribution should be based on function and capability ofeach stakeholder. Other conclusions were corrections of past mistakes, encouragement oftraining and advocating activities (group dynamism, organization, and management;finance, household economic), motivation of community to become advance and self-reliance, gender involvement in each CD activities, development of new technologysuitable for local characteristics, producing goods and services demanded at local market,building up business partnerships with investors, especially for marketing activities.

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Backgrounds

As one of environmental issues paid attentions by many parties, forest and land

fires in Indonesia has produced negative impacts in local areas as well as regional and

global areas. The losses accured from the disasters are significant with the vanishing of

important environment values such as wood and non wood product, biological resources,

carbon absorptions or tankers, water resources and water management control, erosion

and land conservation control, nutrient cycle and natural treatment, and ecotourism

aspects and its aesthetic values (Tim Konsultan SSFFMP, 2004).

The occurence of forest and land fires, beside natural phenomenon, is caused by

purposive firing in order to open the land for cultivation of cash crop plantations or other

agricultural activities which producing economic profit. Uncontrol use of fire, the

occurence of fires and its spread have a connection with major development activities on

wet and dry land. Case example in South Sumatera, during the dry season rural

community usually searching for additional income by fishing and planting paddy on

swampy land which firstly burned and this resulting forest fires. In deep study in this

case and from other cases there have been proven that forest and land fires have relation

with social and economic conditions of the community, for example because of lack of

knowledge, low of income and economic level of living. Therefore, the efforts of making

the people to realizing the danger of forest and land fires and to pushing their active

participation to overcome the problems become more important.

Other study carried out by Jurusan SEP Fakultas Pertanian Unsri and SSFFMP

(2005) in South Sumatra formulated some following conclusions. Firstly, opening the land

by burning the forest is traditional activitiy of the people surrounding the forest which

difficult to avoid. This is routine activity of the people during the dry season. It has been

inheritage pattern of land cultivation for many years and in this time still considered as

the effective and cheapest way of opening the land, no other method would effectively

replace thus burning method. Alternative methods are still not economically interesting

for the South Sumatra’s farmers and considered more difficult for them. The effort to

change the behaviour is not an easy task and take times, because it deals with the social

economic and tradition of the people.


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Secondly, the knowledge of South Sumatran about forest and land fires are

actually at good categories. More than 75 % of the people understood the meaning of

forest and land fires and their impacts to the human health and environment. In addition,

about 50 % of the people percepted that the cause of forest and land fires are purposive

burning and done in large scale, but about 40 % of them could tolerate control burning

for opening the land since the cost is low.

Therefore, the relevant recommendations are (1) need of government,

universities, and other parties supports in facilitating acitivities which creating additional

income for the people in the direction of preventing and controlling forest and land fires;

(2) improving the community’s economic level, especially for those live in near and

surround the forests with the agricultural activities of food crop, estate crop, fishery and

livestock so they can utilize the existing land effectively and reduce the activities in the

forests; (3) intensifying extension and campaign programs of preventing forest and land

fires for all of the people; and (4) increasing efforts for accompanying and making the

people more aware of the danger of forest and land fires caused by the practice of

purposive burning for land opening and cultivation.

It is clear that one of the effort can be carried out for preventing fires is by

creating activities that would increase or become sources of income for rural people. In

that relation, since 2004 SSFFMP (South Sumatra Forest Fire Management Project) has

implemented community development (CD) activities with gender perspective by creating

pilot projets at 6 (six) villages in 3 (three) priority districts vurnerable for forest and land

fires, namely Musi Banyuasin (MUBA), Banyuasin and Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI). In

addition to maintaining the activities of 2004, the projects is also implementing 5 (five)

field pilot projects with gender perspective in order to increase community income and 4

(four) women activities at new guided villages in 2005. The field implementation have

been carried out jointly with Balai Penelitian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), through the

development of several activitiy models, that are optimizing and improving cultivation

technology on swampy land, developing mechanical equipment service units, constructing

rice milling unit (RMU), applicating integrated farming system, planting intercropping

between rubber trees, cattle and buffalo fattening, goat norturing, cultivating patin fish,

processing coconut integratively, and processing coconut waste products.

Since it is realized that the community development activities only sustainable

whenever involving various stakeholders, certainly the previous activities should be


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acknowledged by those who had taken part in the beginning process. This is important in

order to enable them to monitor, evaluate, give critics and inputs, and to decide their

participative roles, so it will accelerate the process of community development activities in

the futures. For the above reasons the workshop on commnunity development was

carried out.

B. Workshop Objectives

The workshop on community development with the theme ‘ Increasing Community

Income as a part of Preventing Forest and Land Fires in South Sumatra” intended to:

1. Provide further socialization of SSFFMP field projects

2. Perform participative monitoring and evaluation on the activities and consolidate the

guidance of community development program in perspective gender which has been

implemented in 2004, and

3. Confirm the implementation of on going pilot project constructions for increasing

community income in perpespective gender and women activities in 2005.


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II. WORKSHOP PROCESS

A. Place and Time

This two-day workshop on community development was held at Swarna Dwipa

Hotel Palembang on June 28 -29, 2005.

B. Participants

This workshop was attended by about 75 participants from various community

components from government institutions and other stakeholders, such as :

1. Regional Government, which was represented by Vice Head of Regional Forestry

Office. The Heads of Regional Food Crops Office, Poultry, and Fishery and Plantation

Offices were represented by their staff who also become the participants

2. Community Development Specialist, Gender Specialist, Counterparts from Regional

Plantation and Forestry Offices,

3. Agribusiness Community Association of South Sumatra,

4. Coordinators of community development working group from multistakeholder forum

(MSF) MUBA, Banyuasin and OKI Districts

5. The Chief of non governmental organization (NGO) Consorcium, LSM representatives

of Working Group IV for community development, and NGO care for women,

6. The Vice Head of BPTP and lecturers from Sriwijaya University,

7. The local community representatives such as 6 Sub-districts’ heads covering the

priorities villages, 15 village’s heads which incorporated ini the project.

8. The technical responsible persons on the field from BPTP

9. Pers representatives.

C. Organizing Method

The workshop was organized in two phases, phase I was the presentation of the

implementation of community development on the fields and the opportunities of the

application of more suitable integrated farming system in the futures, divided in four

sessions in the first day. Directly after the presentation in each session, it was continued


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with discussion by the whole participants in order to collect constructive critics, inputs and

recommendations, and monitoring and evaluation of the program held in 2004 and being

implemented in 2005. The opening speech and the guidance were done by Vice Head of

Regional Forestry. Out of 9 (nine) papers, 8 (eight) papers was presented since Mr.

Bambang Setiaji did not present his paper. One paper discussed about gender program

activities, 6 papers from BPTP were about CD program, and one paper about integrated

farming system from Unsri. The schedule and paper titles presented during the workshop

is in Table 1.

Table 1. Workshop schedule on community development program organized bySSFFMP in Palembang, 28-29 June 2005.

Date/Time Topic Presenter/expert Chair/Moderator

Monday, 27June 2005

14.00 - 17.00Registration/Hotel check In

for those from outside ofPalembang

20.00 - 22.00 Preparation by OC

Selasa, 28June2005

08.00 - 08.30 Registration

Pembukaan Nat Co Director

Djoko Setijono08.30 - 08.40 Workshop report

CD Specialist

Workshop openingVice head of

Regional ForestrySouth

08.40 - 08.50

Nat Co-Dir SSFFMP Sumatra

Short presentation Yandriani, SSFFMP08.50 - 09.00

Gender & Women Activities Gender Specialist

09.00 - 09.20

Topic I: Increasing ofFarmer income throughfarm operations based onpaddy cultivation andAgricultural equipmentsservice unitCommunity developmentthrough farm operationsbased on paddy cultivationand Agricultural equipmentsservice unit to increasecommunity income.

Ir Budi Raharjo, Msidan Edward Canto

SP,MP (BPTP)

Moderator DR AndiMulyana/ DR A

Muslim

09.20 - 10.00 DiscussionModerator DR

Andi Mulyana/ DRA Muslim

10.00 - 10.30 Coffee Break


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10.30 - 11.00Topic II: the increase offarmer income throughanimal husbandry activity

Moderator DRAndi Mulyana/ DR

A Muslim

Development of animalhusbandry to increase farmerincome in South Sumatra.

Ir. SuciPramudyati & Ir.Jauhari Effendi,

M.Si.; Waluyo, M.Si;Edward Canto, SP,M.Si; and Ir. Renta

Uli NBPTP


A Muslim

11.00 - 12.00 Discussion IIModerator DR


12.00 - 13.00 Lunch

13.00 - 13.30Topic III: Increasing offarmer income throughintegrated farming system


A Muslim

Increasing of communityincome through integratedfarming system

DR. Erizal SodikinUNSRI


A Muslim

Community developmentthrough integrated farmingsystem by combining animalhusbandry and plantcultivation to increasecommunity income.

Tumarlan Thamrin,Y. Suci Pramudyati,

Muhadjir danSubowo (BPTP)


A Muslim

Alley cropping in small-holderrubber plantation as ananticipation of shiftingcultivation

A. Subendi, JahidinRosyid dan Arief

Sidik P


A Muslim

Discussion IIIModerator DR


14.30 - 15.00

Topic IV: Increasing offarmer income throughintegrated coconutprocessing and fishfarming


A Muslim

15'Increasing of communityincome through integratedcoconut process

DR Bambang Setiaji,MSc UGM


A Muslim


Final Report

The Use Of coconut sideproduct In swampy area ofSouth Sumatra

Ir Kgs. A. Kodir,BPTP


A Muslim

15'Sustaining SwampyResources through PatinFarming in Keramba

Ir Harnisah, BPTPModerator DR


15. 00 - 16.00 Discussion IVModerator DR


Wednesday,June 29, 2005

08.00 - 08.30 Working group explanation Moderator

08.30 - 10.00Working group discussionsession I-III

Group I : Monitoring andevaluation of communitydevelopment and womenactivities in 2004 and 2005

DR. A. Muslim

Group II : Strengtheningcommunity developmentactivity based on gender andadvocating by non-government organization(NGO) 2005

RZ Ramon

Group III : Sustainability ofcommunity developmentactivities with considerationon gender

DR. Andi Mulyana

10.00 -10.30 Coffee Break

10.30 - 12.00Working group discussionsession I-III


A Muslim

12.00 - 13.00 Lunch

Working grouppresentation I – III

13.00 - 13.10Working grouppresentation I

RepresentativeModerator DRAndi Mulyana

13.10 - 13.20Working grouppresentation II


13.20 - 13.30Working grouppresentation III


13.30 - 14.30Working group plenarysession

DR Andi Mulyana

14.30 - 14.45 Coffee Break

14.45 - 15.30 Conclusion and Closing ModeratorModerator DR



Final Report

In phase II on the second day, in deep discussions of the current and future

projects or activities were carried out. The participants were divided into three working

groups, which are:

1. Working Group I with the topic of the monitoring and evaluation of community

development in gender perspective in 2004,

2. Working Group II with the topic of the strengthening of community development

activities with gender perspective and field guidance by NGOs in 2005,

3. Working Group III with the topic of the sustainability of community development

program in gender perspective of the SSFFMP,

The general objectives of organizing the discussions are to:

1. obtain inputs regarding the community development activities for the selected

community have been implemented by the SSFFMP together with other

stakeholders in efforts of increasing their income as alternatives of preventing

forest and land fires,

2. formulate recommendations of advanced actions and alternative formats of the

community development which more activating the roles of all stakeholders.

Meanwhile, the specific objectives related to each topic are to:

1. Working Group I

a. obtain inputs regarding the community development performances carried out in

2004, the intensity of gender involvement, the problems, and the results,

b. formulate recommendations for activities or projects implementations in the next

period, including the arrangement of monitoring and evaluation,

2. Working Group II

formulate recommendations for strengthening community development activities in

gender perspective and field guidance by NGOs which were initiated by the SSFFMP,

3. Working Group III

a. find out the level of communities responses on the sustainability of the community

development activities initiated by the SSFFMP and the involvement of related

institutions and other stakeholders,

b. formulate recommendations of several efforts which can guarantee the

sustainability in the future of the community development programs in gender

perspective initiated by SSFFMP.


Final Report

There was a key question to be answered by each working group :

1. Working Group I: How was the the performance of the community development

activities carried out in 2004? (have they implemented gender perspective, how

were the results, what were the the problems, how were the monitoring and

evaluation effectivities, what are the efforts to be done to improve the

performance?)

2. Working Group II: What efforts should be carried out or improved in ordered to

strengthen the community develoment activities in perspective gender and their field

accompanions?

3. Working Group III: What condtions and efforts should be improved or created in

ordered to guarantee the sustainability of the community development activities

organized by the SSFFMP?

The discussion topics and each working group members are presented in the

following descriptions :


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Working Group I

Discussion Matrices:

No ImplementationPerformance

GenderInvolvement

Problems Results Recommendations

Facilitator: DR A. Muslim

The Working Group Member

No Name Institutions

1. Erizal Sodikin FP Unsri2. Budi Raharjo BPTP

3. Jauhari Effendi BPTP

4. Tumarlan BPTP

5. Marudut Sekdes Muara Medak

6. Indra Gani Sekdes Lebung Gajah7. Pudiyaka Majalah Agribisnis

8. Herry Dinas Perikanan & Kelautan Kab.MUBA

9. A. Subendi BPTP

10. Paisal WBH - OKI

11. Mustamal Dis Bayat Ilir

12. M. Sudirman Simpang OKI13. Sukur Riding

14. Agus Darma Dinas Kelautan SS

15. Dumyati Isro Dinas Pertanian OKI

16. Suhendro PMD Bayung Lencir

17. Yanter BPTP SS18. Ujang Keti Kades Ulak Kemang

19. Nadasyah Albar Ketua Kelompok Ternak Kambing

20. Ir Jahidin Balit Sembawa


Final Report

Working Group II


No StrengtheningCD activities

StrengtheningWomen Activities

Field Guidance byNGOs

Recommendations

Facilitator: RZ Ramon

Group Member

No Name Institution

1. Nurnajati ZA Yayasan Kemasda

2. Dian Maulina OWA

3. Waluyo BPTP

4. Jaka Sumitra Disnak OKI

5. Herman Kades Muara Telang6. Irwan Effendi LSM Puskokatara

7. Shita Wulandari Heifer Indonesia

8. Harnisah BPTP

9. Yuspirah PSW Unsri

10. Elva Dinas Kehutanan11. Rizal BPD Ujung Tanjung

12. Y Suci Pramudyati BPTP

13. Rusli Agri Media

14. Ali Haryono LSM

15. Ahmad Zulfikri Foslima OKI16. Wardah Pokja IV Banyuasin

17. Hirwansyah Tulung Selapan

18. Moh Aryandi Muara Telang

19. Ahmad Camat Pampangan

20. Muhadjir BPTP Sumsel


Final Report

Working Group III


No Targetedcommunity’sresponses

Relatedgovernmentinstitutioninvolvement

Otherstakeholders’involvement

Recommendations

Facilitator : DR Andi Mulyana

Group Member

No Name Institution

1. Suratinah Disbun Muba2. Tri Diah Disnak

3. Anung Riyanta Disbun

4. Candra Pokja IV BA

5. Kgs A.Kodir BPTP

6. Hermi Romli Distannak BA7. Samadin Sekdes Sungsang II

8. Yusrizal BPD Pagar Desa

9. Suwi Nungcik Kades Talang Lubuk

10. Edwar Canto BPTP

11. Yanter H BPTP12. Dikman Subari Dinas Pertanian Prop.

13. Atmodjo Dadas Dinas Kehutanan

14. Budi Raharjo BPTP

15. Mursyid Dishutbun BA

16. Ah Zaenal Fanani Yayasan Damar

17. Thamrin Arisondi Kades Makarti Jaya18. Ir. M.Zakir Pokja IV MSF Banyuasin


Final Report

III. WORKSHOP RESULTS

A. Phase I : Opening Ceremony and Presentations

1. Opening Ceremony Resumes

In his reports, the chief of organizing committee described that the SSFFMP

program in South Sumatra is carried out for five years period, from 2003 to 2007. Among

several activities have been designed, one effort to alternate the communities attention

from burning forest and land activities for farming purposes is implementing community

development (CD) program. This program has been started in 2004 in cooperation with

BPTP. Meanwhile, other stakeholders have not involved or being involved intensively in

the 2004’ activities. Even though the results were considerably good, there were several

things need to be improved by more intensively involving all of the stakeholders. For this

reasons, the workshop on community development program was held involving 75

participants. The participants consist of regional government officers, private business

associations, rice milling businessmen, university researchers, NGOs representatives,

working group coordinators, district government officers, the head of sub districts

governments, and the heads of village governments involved in the program. The

objectives of the workshop are to continue socializing the SSFFMP field projects, to

perform monitoring and evaluation of the progress of gender perspective CD projects,

strengthen the future activities, and to improve and consolidate new project packages.

In order to provide real and applicable recommendations from the workshop,

there were organized discussions sessions in three working groups by all participants. In

total, the community development program would be implemented in 15 (fifteen) villages,

that 6 (six) villages were done in 2004, 5 (five) villages are being applied in 2005, and 4

(four) villages are going to be applied in 2006. Beside granting production inputs and

infrastructures, the SSFFMP has also provided guidance and companion activities in

cooperation with government institutions and other stakeholders.

The Vice Head of South Sumatra’s Forest Office said that preventing forest and

land fires from bottom or low level is much better than overcoming the fires existence.

The experience in 1997 was a good example of the difficulties for overcoming forest and

land fires. Synergisms among stakeholders should be developed in order to continually


Final Report

carrying out activities for preventing forest and land fires by applying new alternative

formats which can provide the sources of income for the community in and surround the

forest. Not all locations in South Sumatra can be reached, so only three priority districts

were chosen, namely the District of Musi Banyuasin (MUBA), Banyuasin and Ogan

Komering Ilir (OKI). It is hoped that the 15 villages selected for the program would

utilized and implemented the grants seriously and effectively. Examples of good

applications of community development projects were also described, such as planting

rubber can produce latex and rubber woods, patin fish farming will produce the fish that

can reduce cholesterol (LDL) in human body since it has high HDL contents. Coconut

trees have obviously a lot of benefits coming from each element. Integrated farming

system (IFS) and machinery development suitable for the community are also examples

of good CD projects.

The opening ceremony session was continued with the presentation by gender

specialist (Yandriani) who described the community development in gender perspective

since women are both subjects and objects of the development process. The gender

analysis is not sex basis, but more focused on the roles that men and women can play

according to their potentials and the need of local areas. Women should also have the

access and control the natural resources, services and decision making process. The

implemented approaches are in the forms of women in development (WID) program

which mean special activities for women, gender and development (GAD) meaning that

involving women roles in development process even though imbalance with the men

roles, and gender mainstreaming which mean that gender activities from top to bottom

and gender awareness activities to each element of the community. Therefore, gender

perspective should be integrated in every community development activities. In 2004 the

gender team organized a workshop and awareness program of gender roles at sub district

level, and household economic training. The project had also implemented integrated

farming system (IFS) concepts for the self-reliance women groups in Bayat Ilir Village Sub

district of Bayung Lencir MUBA, virgin coconut oil (VCO) processing in Talang Lubuk

Village, Sub district of Muara Telang Banyuasin. Although the profit margin was low, the

better results were accrued from its integration with coconut fibers home industry.

Plaited mats from “purun” trees training was also held in Ulak Kemang Village, Subdistrict

of Pampangan OKI. In total, there were 4 activities in WID categories and 11 activities in

GAD categories.


Final Report

2. Papers Presentations

Topic I: Increasing Farmer Incomes through the Development of Paddy basedFarming System and Agricultural Machinery Services.

a. Papers

The first presentation by BPTP team described the implementation results of

community development through the technology improvement of paddy cultivation on

swampy land in 2004 which has low fertility. These activities had also carried out as an

alternative way for the farmers who were used to burning forest and land for farming

activities. One key step which was important in the method applied was the selection of

farmers to be involved and guided which should be in one spread out area, seriously

eager to implement the technology and roll on the fund grant.

The results in Muara Telang were in the form of a machinery equipment service

unit (UPJA) with the profit of Rp 4.2 million plus 10 bag of rice. The training of paddy

cultivation, machinery maintenance, and management of machinery service unit were also

held well since it increased the skills of the farmer. The plot demonstration results of

paddy showed the increase of husked rice from 1.5 – 2.0 tons per ha to 2.4 – 4.4 tons

per ha. The constraints were the micro water conditions which need improvement. The

construction of drying machines with rice husk burning materials and its accessories in

Upang and the training for its operation also performed good results. The rice conversion

factor increased and the drying cost decreased up to Rp 80.00 per kg. Paddy power

thresher can produce 150 bag of husked rice per day. Beside that, to reduce the

dependence of farmers on money lenders, the project tried to produce rice in packages to

be sold directly to consumers. The rice husk dust was also utilized as manure for

improving land fertility. In 2005 the project carried out community development activities

in Sungsang II Village District of Banyuasin II Banyuasin and Pagar Desa Village District of

Bayung Lencir MUBA. These activities are in the forms of technological assembling, the

practice of using hand tractor and paddy powertreshing, and farmers training in Sungsang

II. Meanwhile, in Pagar Desa is constructed rice milling unit (RMU) with double pass type

placed in the storehouse built by the farmers.

b. Discussions

Several important questions and comments raised after the presentations, first

from Edi S (Bayat Ilir) who supported the program, but expecting to involve in Gerhan


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program (national forest and land rehabilitation) for his village as an alternative

preventing forest and land fires, and wanting the improvement of transportation

infrastructures. Dimyati (OKU) stated that UPJA is important, but in the field its

development is more complicated, the management coordination among related

institutions were weak, payment directly after harvesting creates problems, and the

machine which only use for three months in a year is not efficient. Dikman Sobari (Food

Agricultural Office) informed that the projects of micro water management (TAM) started

in 1979, so the question is the SSFFMP field project inside the TAM area. If the land size

fewer than 100 ha, it could be helped, and the farmers can ask the extension officers to

propose the TAM projects, but the farmers should exist and steady. More over, Atmojo

Dadas (Forestry Office) pointed out that the agricultural machinery with the rice husk

energy is relevant for community development of preventing forest and land fires, 80 %

of field happenings were on purpose burning for preparing the land, and need CD

program which can directly prevent forest and land fires.

The answers from the team can be summarized as follows, (1) farmers to become

project members or participants need not necessarily live in the forest burning areas, (2)

the involvement of regional planning officers can be used for giving input of improving

infrastructures, (3) it is realized that the development of UPJA institution is difficult,

therefore one way to overcome the problem is to utilize the existence institutions, and

implement business diversification, (4) UPJA is granted to the village and turned to

become an operational joint system with the management, (5) increasing planting

frequency would optimize the UPJA utilization, (6) the macro condition of existence TAM

has already been developed, and (7) the base of all activities are the village people’s

proposals, and directed to relate with the efforts of preventing forest and land fires.

Topic II: Increasing Farmer Incomes Through the Development of AnimalHusbandry Business

a. Papers

Businesses in poultry subsectors were declared by BPTP team as side activities of

most of village people which were carried out unsystematically and unstructured. It can

be said that poultry activities only a small branch of the farmers’ main business, while

ideally the business can progress profitably if managed in poultry industry system.

Therefore, step by step by sure the business in that direction should always be


Final Report

accelerated seriously. The activities of livestock development in community development

program handled by the SSFFMP are implemented with the objectives of (1) creating

productive farming business and reducing unemployment, and (2) increasing ruminant

livestock, so that in the future would be created the commercial ruminant livestock

businesses.

The activities locations were in Mangsang Village of MUBA in the form of cattle

fattening 8 heads in 2004, Riding Village of OKI in the form of buffalo fattening 8 heads in

2005, again in Mangsang Village in the form of cut cattle raising 22 heads in 2005, and

Pagar Desa Village of MUBA in the form of goat raising 26 heads. Those activities used

intensive and semi-intensive technologies, and there were also some relevant trainings

taken place. The results were also good, the problems occured were the lack of money

capital, low level technology can be utilized, and transportation difficulties to and from the

locations. Buffalo fattening in Riding Village can not be started since the swamp water

level is still high.

b. Discussions

Irwan Effendi from NGO in MUBA questioned the reasons of buffalo fattening in

the location since the production and the market share are low, so he wondered if it could

increase the income of the farmers. Therefore the projects should consider other

productive farms which not only depend on the nature, but also can be intensively

managed. He also asked the methods to overcome problems over the livestocks such as

airy stomach catching the goat that causing them died.

Other participant, Rusli from MAI of South Sumatra stated that the approach of

community development which only focused on the technology has been proven to be

success in short run, but fail for the long run. After the project finish, the activities are

sustainable. Because of that, the human approach are more important through increasing

the community education system in order to change the people who used to be lazy and

passive become active, creative and self reliance.

Agus form Regional Fishery and Marine Office said that it is common that the

farmers very happy and enthusiastic whenever they involved in projects. Usually the

projects carried out by non governmental institutions were usually does not involve or the

government technical offices. However, the problems occured after the projects are

usually addressed to the tecnical offices. Marketing aspects should also be seriously


Final Report

considered since the beginning of the projects.

Other participant from Food Agricultural Office of OKI pointed out that the project

location is too far away and the technology of livestock rearing is low. He also

recommended to do farmer education including their institutions so that they can change

the behaviour not to depend only on the natural conditions.

The team responded that eventhough the locations are far away, the team

member could managed to come there because of the high potentials of the locations,

especially for local feed in the form of grasses. The conventional rearing system can be

improved with newer technology. Extension officers were not present in some villages, so

the project is recommneded to work together with the related offices to have the person

in working in the village. The team always closely accompanied and trained the village

people by involving related government offices and extension officers.

The buffalo fattening was carried out with the form of loosing them during the day

and put them in the stall during the evening, and given them rough rice by product as

feed supplement 3 kg per head every day. Buffaloes are the potential livestock of

Pampangan Subdistrict, and many watery areas are not problems for them since those

are their habitats. The selection of participative farmers was carefully done, so the

selected farmers were those who really seriously wanting to follow the program.

For overcoming the livestock diseases, the project already introduced medicines

and also utilized traditional medicine which easily found in the village working together

with extension officers. The statement of buffalo is not suitable for cutting livestock is not

true since the meat is in the second place for commercial meat consumption. The

sustainability of the project should not be questioned since the rearing technology is

simple. The guidance of cooperator farmers is done by visiting them every month and

trained them twice during the project.

Topic III : Increasing Farmer Incomes through Implementing IntegratedFarming System

a. Papers

The presentation by Erizal Sodikin started with the important of the application of

integrated farming system (IFS) as a method not only for alternating the interest of the

people near and in the forest to burn forest and land for agricultural cultivation, but also

for giving them diversified system of utilizing natural resources as sources of income


Final Report

which at the end will also increase their income. Thereby, the monoculture system,

whenever suitable, should be upgraded into IFS practice. The benefits of the system are

increasing the various uses of natural resources, reducing the loss risk for the farmer

since they can earn several outputs, reducing the reliance on outside energy etc.

However, the technology transfer should applied sustainability principle; the farm handled

should minimally provide food for the farmers’ households. It is also important to develop

firmed institution to guarantee the IFS implementation, since it related with the

processing and marketing of the outputs.

Tumarlan Cs. of BPTP team presented the application of semi IFS between

livestock and vegetable (long bean and chili) in Bayat Ilir Village of MUBA in 2005. This

activity aimed to create employment in the village in order to increase the farmer income.

The implementation just started with coordination and socialization of the project,

characterization of the location, empowerment the farmer in perspective gender,

improvement of the cultivation technology, and training of cooperator farmers. Therefore

there are no yet physical outputs.

A. Sobendi and Jahidin Rosyid presented the practice of planting paddy as rubber

intercropping in Kali Berau Village of MUBA. The rubber plants were selected since the

outputs do not intensely rely on the availability processing factories. No fertilizer rice

production was only 0.96 tons per ha. The rubber trees were planted after the paddy

harvesting period and so far they grow well.

b. Discussions

Hanung from Regional Plantation Office raised the question of low level paddy

production will increase the farmer income, and whether the team did farm analysis for

actual before project situation in Bayat Ilir. Also he wanted to know the combination of

livestock and oil palm farming system.

Ahmad Zainal Fanani from NGO Forum stated that the forest and land fires were

caused by social factors and forest degradation. While this activity stressed on social

aspect, there were no activity which directed to reduce forest degradation involving

forestry program such as agro forestry and national forest and land rehabilitation.

Indra Gani from Lebung Gajah Village said that rubber plantation was usually

developed by burning the forest and land since that was the cheapest method. Rusli from

MAI questioned the combination benefits of long-bean, chili, “gamal” and livestock. The


Final Report

combination of rubber and dry land paddy is not new pattern, the more important things

is the sustainability. Atmojo Dadas said that the concept of IFS should be gradually

implemented although have not yet touched forestry program, and its development need

to be facilitated with sufficient financing and technology application.

The responses by the presenters can be summarized as follows. The paddy

cultivation was not using fertilizer and consequently the output is low. It was difficult to

applied good rubber clones since the farmers were still lazy to hoe the soils. The

experience from smallholders rubber development project (SRDP) in Tulung Selapan OKI

can be used for developing rubber plantation in the future. Ducks farming can be

implemented on oil palm areas, but goats can not be reared on the rubber plantations

since these animals usually scratch their bodies to the trees which can damage the trees’

skin. Integrated Farming System will reduce monoculture plant production, but will

increase the total income. Of course, it takes time to adjust worker allocations, some

pilot projects of agro forestry or IFS based on forestry plants are needed and best

combination of plants and livestock in IFS areas should be calculated. The livestock and

vegetable plants were combined not for IFS application but rather as demanded by the

village people. However the system was directed to be managed according to IFS

concept although the cycle was not ideal and the farming analysis predicted low outputs.

Community development specialist, Joko Setijono, in his comments pointed out

that the projects activities based on bottom-up participations, and coincidentally the

selected villages did not choose agro forestry for the community development programs.

The SSFFMP did not want to dictate their wants, but gave the choices for the people to

develop their own business which can prevent forest and land fires, and involving the

people outside foresters. Indonesia can just implement controlled burning system in

opening the forest and land for agricultural cultivations.

Topic IV: Increasing Farmer Incomes through Integrated Coconut Processingand Fish Farming

a. Papers

The papers by Abdul Kodir Cs. described the utilization of coconut by products

such as the fibers and the shells in Talang Lubuk Village of Banyuasin in which the

coconut plantations are very potential. Beside that, the projects also carried out the


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training of processing coconut oil for household consumption and processing nata de coco

from coconut water. For the last product, actually the training was done by Dr. Bambang

Setiaji who could not come to the workshop. The villagers were enthusiastic to involve in

the activities, but the project could only manage to form one group for each activity. The

projects were well organized with prospective outputs, the product marketing have been

in facilitating process since it one of the constraints occurred in the location besides low

quality of the products and low prior motivation of the people.

The presentation by Harnisah Cs also from BPTP reveals the fishery farming

developed on swampy land of Ulak Kemang, Sub district of Pampangan OKI. This farming

was one of business alternative which can prevent the people from burning the forest and

the land. The method was by transferring technology of growing fish in the fish fence

made of bamboo, wood or wire. The physical grant from the projects were 20 fish

fences, each consist of 1000 patin fish, for 24 people, and formulated feed. The activities

in 2004 did not result good production since the water was contaminated by pesticides

used on the paddy land connected to fish growing location. However the farmer using

organism so called Gondang as fish feed obtained higher production than those did not.

This showed that the animal is good raw materials for fish feed. Based on the experience

it was also confirmed that escorting activities were important for ensuring that the

participants followed the recommended program.

b. Discussions

Zakir Hasan from Banyuasin questioned the ideal density or volume of fish

population in each fence, and the good feed composition. Yuspirah from Women

Research Center of Sriwijaya University said that the team needs to learn from good fish

farming in the fence carried out in Ogan Ilir and OKI Regencies; it needs also to select

relevant NGOs that have suitable capacity for working together with other stakeholders,

the gondang needed to be looked after. She also asked for the feed which can reduce

patin fish fats.

Agus Darma from Regional Fishery and Marine Office questioned about the

relationship between the title and contents of Harnisah’s paper, the fish farming which

environmental friendly, the fish sustainability by not taking the scarce organisms with the

activities of conserving water resources. It was also by Muhajir from BPTP who gave

comment on the important of role directions of each institution or stakeholders, the clear


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format of operational monitoring and evaluation and its technical institution, and the hope

of can continue to guide the previous groups by involving other stakeholders.

The BPTP team responded that the ideal density of the fish are 10 – 15 fish in size

of 5 -8 per m3 water in the fence, the feed composition are 25 % gondang, 30 % rice by

product called “dedak”, 25 % heads of small salty fish, and 20 % of corn and vegetables.

The failure of last year fish farming project was not caused by lack of coordination, but

the each party’s role in the field did not run as expected. The farmers still have high

motivations, but in order to gain higher profits, each of them needs 3 – 4 fish fences.

Gondang rearing was not recommended since it is an insect for paddy. Finally the team

stated that the sufficient fund for field applicators is very important so that they can work

more properly and productively.

B. Phase II : Working Group Discussions

The discussions organized in the second day were carried out in dinamic and

participative manners by three working groups. These in turn produced applicative

recommendations which described in the following tables :


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Table 2. Monitoring and evaluation of community development implementation in 2004and 2005 (Working Group I)

IMPLEMENTATION WOMENINVOLVEMENT

PROBLEMS OUTPUT RECOMMENDATION

ANIMALHUSBANDRY

Cow subsidy atBayat Ilir villagewas carried outas planned

Buffalo subsidyin 2005 is still inprocess.

Training ofanimalhusbandry wascarried out byadvocating teamand had kindlyresponse

Women havenot yet beeninvolved, justassisting theactivities(Mangsang)

Womeninvolvementwas at least20% (UjungTanjung)

Womeninvolvementwas at 70%(Bayat Ilir)

Womeninvolvement incooperatorfarmer wasreach 100%(Integratedfarming systemat Bayat Ilirvillage II)

Limited budget The quality of

lamb subsidywas low.

The quality oflamb subsidy atBayat Ilir villageI was low andmost of themwas small andscrawny

Training of goathusbandry wasnot carried outyet at Bayat Ilirvillage I.

Women at BayatIlir Village I wasnot involved yetin trainingactivities.

The result atMangsangvillage wasgood. Theincrease ofdaily bodyweight gain ofcow wasreach 96% ofthe target.

The result atBayat IlirVillage I wasnot optimal.

Increasing onbudget and qualityof lamb subsidy.

Goat productionwas necessarilyintegrated to corncultivation

Training should bedone as soon aspossible.

Coordinationamong concernedinstitutions isnecessary

Job descriptionamong non-governmentorganization(lembaga swadayamasyarakat/LSM),Agriculturaltechnologyresearch institute(Balai PenelitianTeknologiPertaninan / BPTP,Multi StakeholderForum(MSF)/”POKJA” etc.should be clearlydescribed

Providing ofmeeting hall atbuffalo husbandrylocation.

Drawing up amonthly report bycooperator farmer.


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PADDYCULTIVATIONANDAGRICULTURALTOOLS ANDMACHINERIES

Training fortechnique ofagricultural toolsand machineries(Alat dan mesinpertanian/Alsintan) wasgoing alongsmoothly.

Alsintan operatorhave beentrained

Unit PelayananJasaAlsintan (UPJA)activities atMuara Telang isworking.

Activity of riceplotdemonstration(‘demplot”) atMuara Telangwas carried out.

Lack Womenparticipation inAlsintanactivity.

Management“UPJA” atMuara Telanghad involvedwomen.

Trainingactivities hadinvolved manand women.

Less agriculturalextensionofficers at Upangand Sungsang II.

Understanding of“UPJA” asinstitution bymembers atUpang andSungsang II isstill low.

Watermanagementcondition is stilltraditional /simple, so itcould notoptimally supportfarm operationsat Muara Telangand Sungsang II.

Social conditionof localcommunity couldnot endorse theactivity (Theyneed evidence ofsuccessfulresults).

Dryingmachine isworking.

UPJA’ tractorat MuaraTelang couldserve 30ha/season.

Riceproductionincreaserange from50-100% atMuara Telang.

Increase yieldand income ofcooperatorfarmer about47%.

Plantingopportunitybecome twicea year byintroducingtractor atMuara Telangand SungsangII.

Commercialpackage ofrice productwas realizedby “UPJA” atUpang.

Warehouseand ricemilling unit(RMU)equipmentwas availableat PagarDesa.

Need moreagriculturalextension officers(penyuluhpertanianlapangan/PPL) andinfrastructures tosupport smoothrunning of theirworks.

Training aboutinstitutionmanagement“UPJA” is urgentlyneeded.

Construction anddevelopment ofmacro and microirrigation systemtogether withAgriculturaldepartment andpublic work (PU)are necessarilyneeded.

Business of riceprocessing needs tobe integrated withrice trading like atUpang village.

Rice marketing atUpang need trade-house inPalembang.

Need moreagriculturalextension anddissemination ofsuccessful results.


Final Report

FISHERY

Fish farm incage system(keramba)conducted in2004 was notgoing smoothlyas planned.

Training of fishproduction andgroup dynamicsis running on.

Womeninvolvement wasreach 50%,namely in feedingfish food.

Sustainability ofwater resourcesdoes notseriously payattention yet.

Group activitiesare less active.

Timing forintroducingfishes inKeramba waslate.

Strain of seed-fish in thesecond stagewas not sogood.

Water pHfluctuated andthe water washigh level ofmuddiness.

Less of financialcapital.

Aspect of fishfarming wasgood enough.

Fishproductionwas goodenough, butdid not fulfillbasicrequirementcommunity.

Fish mortalityis still high.

Fish growth islow.

It couldmotivatefarmer spiritingroup/organization activity

All concernedinstitutions atprovince and subdistrict level needto be involved.

Training andadvocating shouldbe intensified.

Seed-fish, whichresist to fluctuationof water pH, arestrongly required.

Need more financialcapital.


Final Report

PLANTATION ANDYIELD ROCESSING

There is stillweakness intraining fortechnologicalrubbercultivation andAlley croppingsystem.

Donation andtraining ofcoconut fiberprocessing isgoing onsmoothly.

The mostcooperators forcoconut fiberprocessing werewomen.

Agriculturalextensionofficers was notactive enough atKali Berau

Technology ofplant cultivationis not fullyapplied.

Genderdissemination isnot optimal atKali Berau.

Equipment forpressing Coconutfiber does notoptimally operateyet.

Marketing ofvirgin coconut oiland coconutfiber is not goingsmoothly.

Supportedinfrastructurelike electricityand hygienewater is stillbecomesproblems.

Location forprocessingactivities is toofar.

Result fordevelopmentof rubberplantation instage I isgood enough.

Specification,quality andquantity ofvirgin coconutoil productionare not stillsuitable toinvestor.

Virgin coconutoil package,which is readyto sell, wasproduced.

Technology ofplantation and yieldprocessing need tobe developedsystematically andcontinually in orderto increase farmerincome.

Need to involvemuch more womenin each plantationactivity.

Sustainability oftraining andadvocating aboutrubber cultivation isstill needed.

Private investor isneeded to marketvirgin coconut oil(VCO) andhandicraft based oncoconut fiber.

Continued trainingand advocating byinvolvingagriculturalextension officerswas necessary.

Providing ofelectricity andhygiene water inenough quantity.

E. GENERAL Coordination ofimplementationactivities amongconcernedinstitution is notoptimal.

Job descriptionfor eachstakeholder wasnot clearlydescribed.

Coordinationamong concernedinstitutions needsto be increased.

Training of forestfires prevention isstill urgentlyneeded.


Final Report

Table 3. Strengthening community development activity in gender perspective andadvocating by non-government organization (NGO) in 2005 (Working Group II)

PRINCIPALDISCUSSION

STRENGTHENINGCOMMUNITYDEVELOPMENT (WHATSHOULD BESTRENGTENED)

RECOMMENDATION

Implementationactivity by group(group target)

Strengthening ofmanagement “UPJA”and farmer group.

Group dynamic andorganization

Job description amongmanager UPJA is notclear

Institution “UPJA” isnot clear

UPJA members are notskillful.

Strengthening genderactivity andneighborhoodeconomic.

Marketing productaspect resulted byadvocated group(coconut fiberprocessing).

For developing of a new group,criteria of member electionaccording to participatory andgender aspects are required.

Training of group should beimproved (group dynamics,organization, and management,finance management, neighborhoodeconomic, gender involvement)

The activities how to motivate thecommunity to become advance andstand-alone are necessarily needed.

Group Involvement from planning,implementation, and monitoringand evaluation.

Arrangement of time scheduleactivity for each village priority.

Study tour to other advancelocation is also important.

Investor as business partners isobviously required, namely formarketing.

Advocating byconcernedinstitution.

The existing andinvolvement ofagricultural extensionofficers in the field.

Advising/advocating byconcerned institution.

Advising/advocating bylocal government (subdistrict)

Coordination of eachconcerned institution.

Agricultural extension officer’sinvolvement in field need to beimproved.

Establish of coordination andsynchronization for each concernedinstitution including localgovernment need in each activity

Training for cooperatives system. Implementation for each stage

should be done as planned. “MSF-Pokja” IV should function

optimally


Final Report

Introducing andadvocating oftechnology byAgriculturalTechnologyResearch Institute(Balai PenelitianTeknologiPertanian/BPTP)

Innovation of newtechnology togetherwith all componentsconcerned.

Introduction andadvocating oftechnology.

Patin-fish farming.

Involvement of all componentsconcerned in new technologicalinnovation should be improved.

Produce something, which is verymuch in demand in local market.

The technology introduced shouldbe easily operated.

Patin-fish farming technology needto be improved (selection of seed-fish which is suitable to theimplemented location)

Advocating ofcommunity by NGOand motivator.

Understanding ofNGO’s function andsocialization of theiractivity proposed

NGO should becompetent and suitableto group advocating.

Advocating of group byNGO

Activitiesimplementation in thefield based oncommunity approach.

Synchronization offunction between NGOand motivator at villagelevel.

Understanding ofmotivator function infield.

Program and frequencyadvocating.

There is work-contract betweenowner project and NGO beforeactivities implementation (jobdescription should be clearlydescribed).

NGO should know clearly projectactivities.

Routine advocating by NGO(organization, administration,financing, rolling business, net-workamong groups and othercomponents).

NGO advocating should be selectedbased on suitability of “UPJA” andgroup business.

Improving of quality and quantity ofadvocating by NGO.

Arrangement of time scheduleactivity and its information fromNGO should be clearly described.

Improving of quality and quantity ofadvocating by motivator.

Motivator function is clearlydescribed.

Continue meeting (twice a month). Continue advocating, namely in the

early phase of new activities.


Final Report

Table 4. Sustainability of community development in gender perspective(Working Group III).

Stakeholderinvolvement

Sustainability aspect shouldbe paid attention

Recommendation

Communityresponse

Business guarantee The availability of

financial capital postproject.

Mechanism of businessrolling

Regeneration of targetcommunity.

The community responseis positive but they arepasive (They needevidence of successfulresults).

community organization. Advocating staffs who

could stay longer in thelocation.

Investors /associations are urgentlyneeded.

Transparancy of financial aspect isobviously needed.

the rolling mechanisms according tocommunity participation need to beformulated.

Expansion of communitydevelopment activities to othersvillages.

The CD activities should becontinued

Advocating institution should be anstand alone institution.

Approach technique by informalcommunity activities ( regular socialgathering whose members contributeto and take turns at winning anaggregate sum of money (arisan) , amember of society meeting(musyawarah), religious gathering(pengajian), etc.)

Job description for each componentshould be clearly described (technicaldepartement, BPTP, Non GovermentOrganization, University, etc.)

The advocating staff is better to stayfor a long time in the location.

Involvementof concernedinstitution

Need to be established They are still in

coordination stage. The institution involved is

only institution exist in thelocation area.

Coordination betweenSSFFMP program andMSF representative.

Effectiveness of POKJA,because of some activityis PKJA’s responsibility,but it was directly carriedout by SSFFMP.

Optimalization of the involvement ofconcerned institution in all level fromthe preliminary activity, such astrading and industry departementcould facilitate yield processing andmarketing.

Coordination with MSF in oder toprovide budget from concernedinstitution or any other resources tosupport sustainability program.

SSFFMP distribute the activities whichcould be done by POKJA, directly tothe “POKJA”.


Final Report

Otherstakeholdersinvolvement

Optimization of otherstakeholders involvement.

involvement of nongoverment organization(NGO) and University inadvocating program

In the advance advocation, theinstitution involvement is pointedbased on the suitability of their joband function.

The establisment of supported facilitylike trade-room in village level isnecessarily needed.

NGO and university need to beinvolved in advocating activities.

C. Closing Ceremony

The closing ceremony attended by Mr. Karl Steinmann concluded several

important things as follows:

1. It become obligatory for all stakeholders to continue the activities by constructing

network and working together proactively,

2. There were many solutions for problems occurred in the fields presented but still

many questions to answer for the community program,

3. The problems were realized so complex, but learning from the field experience

these can be overcome. The examples from the selected villages can be applied

to other villages on self reliance basis or by involving fund sources, guiding

institutions and facilitators,

4. The recommendations are the main results of the workshop, so it needed follow

up actions for formulating right recommendations. Small team have done this,

5. The project would produce proceedings with international Standardized Book

numbered (ISBN) on the book and distributed among the workshop participants,

6. There will be certificates for all of the participants.


Final Report

REFERENCES

Tim Konsultan SSFFMP. 2004. Sistem Usahatani Terpadu (Integrated Farming System).Solusi Bagi Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Keluarga Petani. dalamKumpulan Materi Pelatihan Sistem Usahatani Terpadu. Palembang, 11-12 Oktober2004.

The Sosek Team. 2005 . Pengetahuan Dan Persepsi Masyarakat Sumatera SelatanTerhadap Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan. Kerjasama Jurusan Sosial EkonomiPertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya dengan SouthSumatera Forest Fire Management Project (SSFFMP) 2004

Prosiding Lokakarya Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat SSFFMP, Palembang 28-29 June 2005 33

TOPIK I

PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI MELALUI SISTEMUSAHA TANI BERBASIS PADI DAN JASA ALSINTAN


PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN SISTEM USAHATANI BERBASISPADI DAN PENGEMBANGAN ALAT DAN MESIN PERTANIAN (ALSINTAN)

UNTUK MENINGKATKAT PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT

Budi Raharjo, Yanter Hutapea, Edward Canto dan SubowoBalai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Selatan

ABSTRAK

Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Proyek PengendalianKebakaran Hutan Sumatera Selatan (SSFFMP) merupakan salah satu usaha untukmeningkatkan kemampuan petani dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya melalui kegiatandi bidang pertanian, yang merupakan salah satu usaha mengurangi peluang pembakaranhutan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada 4 (empat) desa yaitu Desa Upang Kecamatan MakartiJaya, Desa Muara Telang Kecamatan Muara Telang dan Desa Sungsang II KecamatanBanyuasin II di Kabupaten Banyuasin, serta Desa Pagar Desa di Kecamatan BayungLencir Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Kegiatan dimulai sejak tahun 2004 dan diharapkanberakhir pada tahun 2007. Lingkup kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi: perbaikan budidayatanaman padi pasang surut, introduksi alsintan pra dan pasca panen. Hasil kegiatan yangtelah dilakukan menunjukkan (i) di Desa Muara Telang terjadinya peningkatanketerampilan petani peserta dalam melakukan budidaya padi dan adanya manfaat teknologiintroduksi budidaya padi dengan nilai MBCR 1,47. (ii) di Desa Upang, hasil rendemengiling rata-rata dari tiga varietas (Ciherang, IR42 Manggar dan Tiga Dara) sebesar 64,00%.Angka tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil penjemuran (60 %) dan Dryer BBM(62 %) pada penelitian sebelumnya. Persentase beras kepala rata-rata dari tiga varietassebesar 69,96% juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil penjemuran (34,83%) danDryer BBM (64,75%). Biaya pengeringan rata-rata dari tiga varietas sebesar Rp. 20,21/kgGKP lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan penjemuran dan Dryer BBM berturut-turut Rp.40,00/kg GKP dan Rp. 80,00/kg GKP, (iii) Di Desa Sungsang II dan Pagar Desa telahditetapkan disain teknologi yang akan diterapkan dan pelatihan petani. Diharapkan manfaatyang dapat dirasakan langsung oleh petani peserta, dapat dirasakan oleh petani laindisekitarnya pada tahun berikutnya melalui sistem perguliran.

Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan masyarakat, Teknologi Introduksi, Pendapatan.

PENDAHULUAN

Sebagai salah satu sumber daya untuk memacu pertumbuhan produksi pertanian,dimanfaatkannya lahan rawa pasang surut merupakan langkah yang strategis karena jenislahan ini mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi lahan produktif jika dikeloladengan teknologi yang tepat dan teknologi untuk itu relatif tersedia (Pasandaran danSwastika, 1998). Namun dilaporkan bahwa Perkebunan dan perladangan yang dikelolamasyarakat juga merupakan areal yang mengalami kebakaran dalam tahun 1997 diKabupaten MUBA yang luasnya mencapai 615,50 ha (Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sumsel,2003). Kegiatan pembakaran lahan di wilayah pasang surut terjadi pada saat pembukaanlahan cadangan di sekitar lokasi transmigrasi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memperluas arealtanam sebagai upaya menambah hasil usahatani. Sebenarnya aktivitas pembakaran tersebutdapat dihindari jika petani sebagai bagian yang sering terlupakan selama ini lebihdiberdayakan dalam mencukupi kebutuhan minimum hidupnya.


Pengembangan pertanian di lahan pasang surut merupakan perwujudan dari upayapemanfaatan potensi alam secara optimal berbasis pertanian pangan dan diharapkanmemberi sumbangan besar terhadap peningkatan produksi untuk mencapai ketahananpangan terutama beras (Ananto et al

Documents

Workshop on Community Development: “Increasing …...penggemukan sapi dan kerbau, pengembangan ternak kambing, budidaya ikan patin dalam keramba, pengolahan kelapa terpadu, dan pengolahan