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padtec.com
Workshop - New Paradigms for Routing in Optical Networks
Efficient routing for high capacity, flexible optical networks with different classes of service
Douglas Aguiar
July 2015
2 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Summary
1. Photonic Networks
2. Classes of Service in Optical Networks
3. Routing for Optical Restoration
4. The Future and its Challenges
3 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Summary
1. Photonic Networks
2. Classes of Service in Optical Networks
3. Routing for Optical Restoration
4. The Future and its Challenges
4 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Photonic Networks
Photonic network Optical network able to route lightpaths
Lightpath Optical path inside a photonic nework
Even in today’s quasi-static networks ROADMs provide the efficient use of the network capacity
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5 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Topology virtualization
With proper planning complex topologies with virtual point to point links can be established
Physical layer
DWDM layer
• Traffic growth uncertainty can be more effectively addressed (Traffic Engineering)
• Imposes greater complexity during network planning.
• Allow the planning of complex protection architectures
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6 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
ROADM site building block
Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS) are key elements for current ROADM architectures.
• Flexgrid capability (ITU-T G.694.1)
• Switching time
• Port to port isolation
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7 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
ROADM architecture
Mux
WSS
WSS
Splitter
Demux
Split
ter
Mux Demux
WSS Splitter
Mu
x
Dem
ux Line
Interface
Add/drop interface
Interconnection Structure
Direction
Transponders
Transponders
Client Equipment*
*IP Router, SDH ADM
Long reach Interface
Short reach Interface
Optical Amplification CDC
Demux CDC Mux
Optical Full
Mesh
Broadcast and Select Architecture Multifiber Patch
Cord
Single Fiber Patch Cord
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8 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Summary
1. Photonic Networks
2. Classes of Service in Optical Networks
3. Routing for Optical Restoration
4. The Future and its Challenges
9 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Typical classes of service
• Unprotected service (1+0)
• Restorable service (1+R)
• Protected service (1+1)
• Protected and restorable service (1+1+R)
Classes o
f service in o
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10 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Unprotected service (1+0)
Classes o
f service in o
ptical n
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1. Two unprotected services with possible protection provided by client layer;
2. Possible to allocate a 1+0 service disjoint to an already provisioned service.
11 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Restorable service (1+R)
Classes o
f service in o
ptical n
etwo
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RSVP-TE Signaling For GMPLS Restoration LSP draft-gandhi-ccamp-gmpls-restoration-lsp-03
1. Restoration LSP is signaled after the failure of the working LSP is detected.
2. Restoration LSP may share resources with the failed working LSP.
12 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Protected service (1+1)
Classes o
f service in o
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2
1. Two disjoint LSPs are established 2. Traffic is transmitted through both paths 3. In case of failure both receivers switch to the protection LSP
13 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Protected and restorable service (1+1+R)
Classes o
f service in o
ptical n
etwo
rks
2
RSVP-TE Signaling For GMPLS Restoration LSP draft-gandhi-ccamp-gmpls-restoration-lsp-03
1. Restoration LSP is signaled after the failure of the working LSP and/or protecting LSP; 2. Restoration LSP may share resources with the failed working/protecting LSP; 3. Restoration LSP provides protection against a second order failure for 1+1+R.
14 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Summary
1. Photonic Networks
2. Classes of Service in Optical Networks
3. Routing for Optical Restoration
4. The Future and its Challenges
15 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Planning for the DWDM layer
Ro
utin
g for O
ptical R
estoratio
n
3
Physical Layer 1+R 100G Services
BSA (16)
FTL (10)
SPO (06)
RJO (05)
PAE (01)
BHZ (07)
CCR (14)
BSA (16)
FTL (10) 10
SPO (06) 10 10
RJO (05) 10 10 10
PAE (01) 4
BHZ (07) 4 4
CCR (14) 4 4
MNS (20) 4 4 4
1+1+R 100G Services
BSA (16)
FTL (10)
SPO (06)
RJO (05)
PAE (01)
BHZ (07)
CCR (14)
BSA (16)
FTL (10) 1
SPO (06) 1 5
RJO (05) 5 5 5
PAE (01) 1
BHZ (07) 5 1
CCR (14) 1 1
MNS (20) 5 1 1
16 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Planning for the DWDM layer
Ro
utin
g for O
ptical R
estoratio
n
3
Physical Layer DWDM Layer
17 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Efficient Network Planning
In order to maximize restoration availability and minimize cost, one can make use of:
• Efficient Routing and Wavelength Assignment algorithms
• Regeneration pools
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utin
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ptical R
estoratio
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18 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Summary
1. Photonic Networks
2. Classes of Service in Optical Networks
3. Routing for Optical Restoration
4. The Future and its Challenges
19 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Technologies
• Flexible transponders
• Software Defined Networks
• Spatial Division Multiplexing
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20 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Physical dimensions
Peter J. Winzer , Making spatial multiplexing a reality
Nature Photonics 8, 345–348 (2014)
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21 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Flexible transponders
Advanced and flexible modulation formats allow to balance between
• Reach
• Performance
• Spectral occupation
Modulation Format
Spectral efficiency [bit/s/Hz]
Bits per symbol
OOK 0,5 1
BPSK 0,5 1
QPSK 1 2
16-QAM 2 4
DP-QPSK 2 4
DP-16QAM 4 8
2 x 1 bit/symbol DP-BPSK
1 bit/symbol OOK
2 x 2 bit/symbol DP-QPSK
2 x 3 bit/symbol DP-8QAM
2 x 4 bit/symbol DP-16QAM
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22 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Centralized control benefits
• Simpler HW
• Open to third party development
But transport networks has always been centralized (!)
Differences are:
• Standards (??)
• Open to third party
EMS/NMS
Dados Dados Dados
Dados
CP
Dados
CP
Dados
CP
Software Defined Networks
SDN
Dados Dados Dados
Distributed control in packet networks
Centralized control via EMS/NMS in transport networks
Centralized control via SDN in transport networks
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23 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Spatial Division Multiplexing
• Bandwidth growth need is a fact
• To achieve Tbps channels SDM might be useful.
D. J. Richardson, J. M. Fini & L. E. Nelson, Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres, Nature Photonics 7, 354–362 (2013)
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padtec.com
Thanks!
25 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
ROADM interfaces
• Colorless (C) Any port in any unrepeatered wavelength
• Directionless (D) Any port to any direction
• Contentionless (C) Any port in any wavelength
*Interconnection Structure
IS*
Line interfaces
Add/drop interfaces
Dir
ecti
on
A
Direction C
Directio
n E
A/D 1 A/D 2 A/D n
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ROADM Add/Drop interfaces CDC
Demux CDC Mux
Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless interfaces
Sw
Sp Sp Sp Sp Sp
Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw Splitter Coupler
Splitter WSS
8x5
Mu
ltic
ast
Swic
th
Co
lorless an
d D
irection
less in
terface
Sw
Sp Sp Sp Sp Sp
Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
CD interface for 8 channels in a 5 degree ROADM Node
CDC interface for 8 channels in a 5 degree ROADM Node
To/F
rom
dir
ecti
on
B
To/F
rom
dir
ecti
on
A
Fro
m d
irec
tio
n B
Fr
om
dir
ecti
on
A
To d
irec
tio
n B
To
dir
ecti
on
A
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27 Padtec S/A © 2015 Todos os Direitos Reservados
Flexible transponders and networks
• Flexible grid
• Superchannels
• Network defragmentation
• Interference in Colorless interfaces
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