Workshop 2 – Integrated development in cities, rural and specific regions

TiPSE – Territorial Dimensions of Poverty and Social Exclusion

Petri Kahila

ESPON Internal Seminar 2013

“Territorial Evidence for Cohesion Policy 2014-2020and Territorial Agenda 2020”

• Generally we may recognise a urban-rural divide in the risk for social exclusion and poverty NMS: poverty and social exclusion higher in rural areas EU-15: poverty and social exclusion higher in urban areas

• Rurality as such does not indicate poverty or social exclusion Other risk factors such as poor accessibility, sparse population,

structural problems may lead to development problems

• We should not get entrapped in urban and rural framing

Regions for inclusive development

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Developments on national level

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Acores

Guyane

Madeira

Réunion

Canarias

MartiniqueGuadeloupe

Zagreb

Valletta

Budapest

Bratislava

Roma

Riga

Oslo

Bern

Wien

Kyiv

Vaduz

Paris

Praha

Minsk

Tounis

Lisboa

Athina

Skopje Ankara

MadridTirana

Sofiya

London

Berlin

Dublin

Tallinn

Nicosia

Beograd

Vilnius

Kishinev

Sarajevo

Helsinki

Warszawa

Podgorica

El-Jazair

Stockholm

Reykjavik

København

Bucuresti

Amsterdam

Luxembourg

Bruxelles/Brussel

Ljubljana

Change in At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate

>-0.25

-0.25 - 0.25

>0.25

# NUTS 2 Increasing

# NUTS 2 Decreasing

Background shading: comparison of the (national) average ARoP rates during 2005-07 and 2009-11.

Pies: Where NUTS 2 data exists for both periods the pies show the number of regions increasing (red) and decreasing (blue).

Patterns of Poverty across Europe (2011)

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Acores

Guyane

Madeira

Réunion

Canarias

MartiniqueGuadeloupe

Zagreb

Valletta

Budapest

Bratislava

Roma

Riga

Oslo

Bern

Wien

Kyiv

Vaduz

Paris

Praha

Minsk

Tounis

Lisboa

Athina

Skopje Ankara

MadridTirana

Sofiya

London

Berlin

Dublin

Tallinn

Nicosia

Beograd

Vilnius

Kishinev

Sarajevo

Helsinki

Warszawa

Podgorica

El-Jazair

Stockholm

Reykjavik

København

Bucuresti

Amsterdam

Luxembourg

Bruxelles/Brussel

Ljubljana

Per Cent of Population

3.4 - 9.9

10.0 - 14.9

15.0 - 19.9

20.0 - 24.9

25.0 - 44.3

ARoP Rate: Share of population with less than 60% of the median equivalised household disposable income (after welfare transfers).

• Cities form one extreme and rural/sparsely populated areas the other extreme both have typical social problems and implications on the economic potential

Opportunities and challenges in regions

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CitiesGentrification processesSegmented housing and labour markets

Rural/sparsely populated areasPoor employment possibilitiesDepopulation and ageingPoor access to services

• However, there are common challenges across the territorial ‘urban’ and ‘rural’

• Risk of poverty and social exclusion is more related to region’s characteristics than to it’s centrality or peripherality

National/regional values hide local difference

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• Strong differentiation within larger regions

• Differences greater in Germany and UK than in Nordic

• Poverty is clearly both urban and rural issue

National/regional values hide local difference

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• Many policies are macro-economic and have been launched on national level

• There is an obvious need to appreciate the emergence of regional/local differentiated aspects of social exclusion

• Current governance approaches are not capable to tackle the right problems

• Geography of social exclusion and poverty is complex It is influenced my many dimensions and policy areas – not only

by welfare policies Importance of regional/local informal/voluntary community based

solutions are emphasised Joint working and integration of policies are crucial factors in

pursuing long-term efforts

Approaches in policies towards social exclusion and poverty

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• The role of cities and regions is important, as it is the local level where integrated and holistic responses to social exclusion and poverty are formed Naturally coherence on higher governance levels is required for

policy integration

• Poverty, social exclusion and welfare provision are regional/local challenges

• Basic question is, if territorial dimensions of social exclusion and poverty are driving forces for inequality?

What is importance of social and economic forces in the society?

• Does the AROP indicator tell the full story – or is income poverty only one aspect of a broader, more complex problem?

(Additional) Territorial approaches needed

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