Tallin, 9th-10th of October 2008

WORKING TIME WORKING TIME SATISFACTION+ IN AGING SATISFACTION+ IN AGING

NURSESNURSES

Camerino D., Samantha Sartori, Camerino D., Samantha Sartori, Campanini P., Conway M.P. and Campanini P., Conway M.P. and

Costa G.Costa G. And NEXT GROUP And NEXT GROUPDepartment of Occupational Department of Occupational

Health, University of Milan (Italy) Health, University of Milan (Italy)

P lo t o f Means and Conf. In te rva ls (95 ,00%)

W ork Ability Index Total score - Time 0

poor s leep m odera te s leep good s leepda y wo rk re gu l a r h ou rs

da y wo rk o t he rssh i ft w ork wi t h ou t n i g h t s

sh i ft w ork wi t h n i g h t son l y n i gh t sh i f t

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f "W

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Aging policies

Working time satisfaction

Satisfaction with working Satisfaction with working time*time*

such satisfaction could depend from basic factors:

sufficient time for leisure (currently associated with mental integration and wellbeing), working preferred shift schedules (thanks to some influence on planning rota), no or few work/family conflicts, and/or good sleep quality and quantity.

Workers’ success to arrange life, relaxation and Workers’ success to arrange life, relaxation and sleep times without detriment at worksleep times without detriment at work.

AgeAgeing workers could be:ing workers could be:

• Satisfied with working time since they have been adapting to shiftwork thanks to refined coping strategies and/or suitable shift schedules.

• On the contrary, they may have developed shift work intolerance as a consequence of different expectations or worsening heal

HypothesisHypothesis

Is “satisfaction with working time” a protective factor for the work ability of older nurses?

Does “satisfaction with working time” with respect to well being and private life differ through age groups as a consequence of underlying different boundaries due to social role and health? And are these variations consistent across the six European countries?

Are working hours, job demands, time for leisure activities and restorative sleep, control on working hours and on work/family balance, good predictors of satisfaction with working time?

PARTICIPANTS AND PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

The sample includes 3174 nurses3174 nurses from 6 European countries (Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, France, Italy, Poland), working in general general hospitalshospitals, , nursing homesnursing homes and home care institutionshome care institutions, selected from the baseline (2002-2003) and follow-up (2003-2004) assessments of the Nurses’Early Exit StudyNurses’Early Exit Study (NEXT). (NEXT).

All were femalefemale and were engaged on rotating 3-shift schedules (nights rotating 3-shift schedules (nights includedincluded); their mean age was 35.7 years (SD 7.5), 12.95 % were over 4512.95 % were over 45 years of age, and the mean work seniority was 13.2 years (SD 7.7). Most of them (80.9% ) were married or living with a partner; only 14.2% were living alone; 36.1% of them had no children, 22.9% had one child, 31.3% had two children, and 9.7% had three or more children.

MEASURESMEASURES

OUTCOME VARIABLES 1. Work Ability Index

2. Satisfaction with working time with respect to: well well being and to private life being and to private life

PREDICTORS (1) Weekly Working Hours;

(2) Influence on planning rota:

(3) Time spent for leisure time “partner/family, “friends and relatives”, “relaxation”, “sport, hobbies or courses”;

(4) Work/family conflicts

(5) Sleep

(6) Job Demand:

CONTROL VARIABLES (1) Age

(2) Family status

(3) Number of children under 7 years of age

(4) Satisfaction with working time” measured at time 0

influenceinfluence

partnerpartner

Friend and relativesFriend and relatives

relaxationrelaxation

Sport and Sport and hobbieshobbies

Work family conflictWork family conflict

Qualitative –quantitative Qualitative –quantitative sleepsleep

Is “satisfaction with working time” a Is “satisfaction with working time” a protective factor for the work ability of protective factor for the work ability of

older nurses?older nurses?

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age bands

WA

I

wellbeing satisfied withworking time (wellbeing)

wellbeing low satisfaction withworking time (wellbeing)

personal satisfied with workingtime (private life)

personal low satisfaction withworking time (private life)

Well-being satisfiedsatisfied with working time

Well-being not satisfied with working time

Private life: satisfiedsatisfied with working time

Private life not satisfiednot satisfied with working time

Plot of Means and Conf. Intervals (95,00%)

20-29 30-39 40-49 >50

age bands

2,7

2,8

2,9

3,0

3,1

3,2

3,3

3,4

3,5

3,6V

alue

s

satisfaction with working time with respect to well-being

satisfaction with working time with respect to private life

Does “satisfaction with working time” Does “satisfaction with working time” differ through age groups? differ through age groups?

are these variations consistent across the six are these variations consistent across the six European countries?European countries?

satisfied work time: df F p-value

BEwell being 3/ 202 1.458 .227

private life 3/ 201 1.211 .307

DE well being 3/ 404 .302 .824

private life 3/ 405 .886 .448

FR well being 3/107 3.774 .013

private life 3/ 107 3.296 .023

IT : well being 3/ 1033 1.364 .252

private life 3/ 1007 4.606 .003

NL well being 3/ 421 3.526 .015

private life 3/ 418 4.437 .004

POL well being 3/ 918 .780 .505

private life 3/ 913 1.100 .348

Are working hours, job Are working hours, job demands, time for leisure demands, time for leisure activities and restorative activities and restorative sleep, control on working sleep, control on working hours and on work/family hours and on work/family balance, good predictors balance, good predictors of satisfaction with of satisfaction with working time?working time?

Estimation of the relevance of covariates on the explanation of the outcome variable: “Satisfaction with working time with regard to well-being” by Random Forest.

Estimation of the relevance of Estimation of the relevance of covariates on the explanation covariates on the explanation of the outcome variable: of the outcome variable: “Satisfaction with working “Satisfaction with working time with regard to private time with regard to private life” by Random Forests.life” by Random Forests.

Satisfaction with working time with regard to “well-being” and “private life” demonstrated a protective effects on work ability, particularly in older nurses.The differences observed in the age relationship with “Satisfaction with working time” throughout the different countries support the hypothesis that ageing management and policy act differently to maintain their older personnel at job.Work – family conflict turned out to be the most important predictors of “satisfaction with working time”. followed by “Quality and quantity sleep”. Coherently, the predictors of “Satisfaction with working time” with regard to private lifeprivate life involved more covariates related to family status, time spent at work and with the partner; while “Satisfaction with working time” related to well-beingwell-being involved to a lower extent variables such as “demand at job” and “time on relaxation”.

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

ConclusionConclusion

We can conclude that “Satisfaction with working time” is an informative variable to be considered in planning intervention focused on maintaining work ability and intention to work of ageing workers. More than concrete elements about length of working hours and shift characteristics, it seems that their adverse impact on work-family conflicts, quantitative and qualitative sleep plays a major role on “satisfaction with working time” and consequently on the maintenance of work ability.