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Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions. Universitat de Girona. Albert Plà , Beatriz López, Javier Murillo. eXiT. Line up. Introduction WMS The Auction Experimentation & Results Conclusions. Introduction Workflow Management System Workflow Resource Allocation: The Auction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
1
Workflow Resource Allocation through AuctionsUniversitat de Girona
Albert Plà, Beatriz López, Javier Murillo
eXiT
16/7/2011
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
2
Line up•Introduction
•Workflow Management System
•Workflow Resource Allocation: The Auction▫Workflow Agents: The Auctioneers▫Resource Agents: The Bidders
•Experimentation and Results
•Conclusions and Future Work16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
3
Introduction
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Introduction
Resources16/7/2011
Cost Reduction
Organization Interactions
Decentralized Production Chain
Schedules & Deadlines
Business Processes
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Resources4AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
5
Introduction• Decentralization of the production processes.
▫ Distribute production plants▫ Service outsourcing▫ Third party elements▫ Some tasks can not be Scheduled (e.g. faults)▫ Unknown service providers schedule
• Customer oriented production methodologies▫ Lean Manufacturing▫ Avoid unnecessary work▫ Interaction between customer & provider▫ Production under demand▫ Production flexibility ▫ Resource allocation in real time
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Introduction Dynamism
DecentralizationThird Party OustourcingContingency Robustness
Customer OrientationProviders Privacy
Process Planing:+ Uncertainity+ Complexity
16/7/2011 6
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Introduction Dynamism
DecentralizationThird Party OustourcingContingency Robustness
Customer OrientationProviders Privacy
Process Planing:+ Uncertainity+ Complexity
16/7/2011 7
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
8
Introduction
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Unknown # of online workflows
DynamismDecentralization
Third Party OustourcingContingency Robustness
Customer OrientationProviders Privacy
Process Planing:+ Uncertainity+ Complexity
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Example:•Hospital device maintenance service
16/7/2011 9
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Fault Reparatio
n
Internal technicians
Outsource technicians
Company 1
Comp. 2
Comp. n
…?
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
10
Our proposal:• Resource allocation using:
• Workflow Management System (WMS)
• Multi-Ageng Systems (MAS) technolgoy
• Auctions
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
11
Introduction
Background?
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Our proposal:
16/7/2011
Workflow Management System
OrganizationResource Providers
Auction
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
12
Workflow Management System
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Workflow Management System•Workflows modeled using Resource-
aware Petri Nets (RAPN)▫Resource requirements included in
the model
16/7/2011 13
Type: Technician AResources Capacity: 2Currently used resources: 1
Pla A. et al. Petri Net Based Agents for Coordinating Resources. Rome 2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Workflow Management System•Monitoring using agents [1]
▫1 Workflow agent for each workflow typology
▫1 Resource agent for each resource
16/7/2011 14
WF Agent
AWF
Agent B
WF Agent
C
WF Agent
D
Resource Agent
1
Resource Agent
2
Resource Agent
n
Resource Agent
n-1
…
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Pla A. et al. Petri Net Based Agents for Coordinating Resources. Rome 2011
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Workflow Management System• A workflow agent monitors and manages
all the instances of a workflow type▫Call for auctions when they need
resources
16/7/2011 15
Resource Agent
1
Resource Agent
2
Workflow Agent A
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Resource Type A
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Pla A. et al. Petri Net Based Agents for Coordinating Resources. Rome 2011
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Workflow Management System• A workflow agent monitors and manages
all the instances of a workflow type [1]▫Call for auctions when they need
resources
16/7/2011 16
Resource Agent
1
Resource Agent
2
Resoruce
Agent A
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Resource Type A
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Pla A. et al. Petri Net Based Agents for Coordinating Resources. Rome 2011
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Workflow Management System
16/7/2011 17
Resource Agent
1
Resource Agent
2
Resoruce
Agent A
• A workflow agent monitors and manages all the instances of a workflow type [1]▫Call for auctions when they need
resources
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Resource Type A
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
Workflow Management System
16/7/2011 18
Resource Agent
1
Resource Agent
2
Resoruce
Agent A
AUCTION!
• A workflow agent monitors and manages all the instances of a workflow type [1]▫Call for auctions when they need
resources
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Resource Type A
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
19
Workflow resource allocation: The Auction
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Agent: The Auctioneer•Different attributtes to be fullfilled
▫Time Restritctions (Starting & Ending Time)
▫Resource Category (E.g. Tehcnician License)
•Minimize costs16/7/2011 20
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Agent: The Auctioneer• Reverse Sealed Auction
▫ First Price
• Penalty Mechanisms:▫ Fraudulent bids▫ Delays▫ Agreement Repudiation
• Attribute Promotion:▫ Different strategies
▫ Winning Determination Problem (WDP)
16/7/2011 21
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Auctioneers Strategies• Balanced Strategy:
▫WDP: Lowest Bid Price
▫Balanced market price
▫Providers equilibrium
▫Decrease costs for workflow agent
▫Suitable for internal & external providers
▫+ Delays16/7/2011 22
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Auctioneers Strategies• Delay Prevention Strategy
▫WDP: Takes into account task ending time
▫Shortens workflow timings
▫Reduces number of delays
▫Indicated for dealing with internal providers
▫Arises cost
▫Faster providers can increase their prices16/7/2011 23
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Resource Agents: The Bidders•Characterized by:
▫Their categories (1 or more)
▫List of scheduled tasks (private agenda)
▫Estimation of times needed to perform tasks based on past experience (mean, std deviation, etc)
16/7/2011 24
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Resoruce Agents: The bidders• The Bid:
▫ Agents evaluate their agenda Find gaps for new tasks Enter to auctiosn
▫ Choose price (Agent character): Arise the price when winning Decrease when losing Reinforcement learning
▫ Evaluate benefits of winning the auction They can cancel scheduled activitys if the benefit of
realizing a new task compensates the cancellation penalty.
Risky bids16/7/2011 25
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
26AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Experimentation and Results
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Experimental Setup• Workflow Simulation
▫200 t.u. simulations▫Workflow probability p = 0.2
• Evaluation:▫Economic cost▫Delays produced▫Workload balance
• Strategies:▫Balanced Strategy (BS)▫Delay Prevention Strategy (DPS)▫First available resource of a sorted list (FRQ)
16/7/2011 27
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Experimental Setup• Scenario 1:
▫4 Resource Agents▫Each resources can perform, at least, 3
different tasks▫Competition between some resources▫Workflow instances > resources
• Scenario 2:▫4 Resource Agents▫Each resource can perform all the tasks▫High competition between all resources▫Workflow instances >> resources
16/7/2011 28
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Results Scenario 1 Scenario 2
16/7/2011 29
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Results: Delays Scenario 1 Scenario 2
16/7/2011 30
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Results: Costs•Workflow agents budged
16/7/2011 31
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Results: Workload Balance•Scenario 2
16/7/2011 32
Balanced Strategy
FIFOResource
Queue
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
33
Conclusions and Future Work
16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Conclusions•How to allocate internal and foreign
resources under demand in a decentralized production process?▫Workflow Management System
Business Process Resources
▫Multi Agent Systems Useful in distributed environments
▫Auctions Minimize costs Reduce production times Balance resource occupation
16/7/2011 34
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Conclusions•2 Kind of agents:
▫ Resource Agents Bidders
▫ Workflow Agents Auctioneers Different strategies
Resource costs (Balanced Strategy) Workflow timings (Delay Prevention Strategy)
• Improve simple schedules methods
16/7/2011 35
Cost Reduction
Delay reduction
Balanced market price
Balanced workload
Balanced St.
Delay Prevention
St.
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
Further work•Vickery auctioning mechanism
▫Incentive compatibility▫Fight cheating agents
•New auctioning strategies▫Multi-attribute
•Improve MAS capabilities▫Trust▫Historical data
16/7/2011 36
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
37AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona 16/7/2011
Introduction
WMS
The Auction
Experimentation & Results
Conclusions
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona
38
Workflow Resource Allocation through AuctionsUniversitat de Girona
Albert Plà, Beatriz López, Javier Murillo
eXiT
16/7/2011
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona 16/7/2011 39
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona 16/7/2011 40
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona 16/7/2011 41
WMS Architecture
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona 16/7/2011 42
• Multiple Reactive Maintenance Intervention (MRMI)
Maintenance action
generated in the
system
Classifying the action
Locating the source
of the action
Ranking the action (assigning
a level)
Assigning to in-house technicians
Assigning to an external service
provider
Device returned to the medical
center
Concurrent Solution
Sequential Solution
Technician 1
reparation
Technician 2
reparation
Device Check Out
Technician 1
reparation
Technician 2
reparation
Technician Type A Technician Type BResoruces:
Workflow Resource Allocation through Auctions – Universitat de Girona
AILOG 2011 - Barcelona Universitat de Girona 16/7/2011 43
P1 P2 P3
P4
P5T1 T2
T3T4
T5