Work Package 2Task 2.7 Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) oriented sustainable re-design of existing buildings

Dr Ed Suttie and Dr Flavie Lowres

Life Cycle Analysis

Life Cycle Analysis

TASK 2.7 LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS (LCA) ORIENTED SUSTAINABLE RE-DESIGN OF EXISTING BUILDINGS

Calculation of embodied impacts of proposed refurbished systemsLinked to harmonised approach for Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)Deploy LCA methodology

• Material embodied impact of systems• Reasonable maintenance• End of life scenarios

Link to operational scenarios T2.3, T2.4 and T2.5Baseline of existing building materials embodied and operational impactsThe results of these calculations will show which options are likely to produce the lowest overall impacts for the complete life cycle.

Life Cycle Analysis

BACKGROUND

• EPD compliant with the requirements of EN 15804• Whole building LCA best way to assess environmental impacts of construction works.• Focus on the energy saving anticipated and the associated environmental benefit in the

reduced operational carbon impacts of the building.• Environmental impacts of the refurbishment or retrofit especially in terms of the new

embodied carbon being added to the building as materials, products and more complex systems.

• Holistic view is possible with whole building impact assessment and scenarios can be explored to optimise the approach for a specific buildings situation.

Life Cycle Analysis

LCA DATA IN WHOLE BUILDING LEVEL ASSESSMENT

Data

Data

Data

x 100m2

x 60m2

x 20m2

x 40m2

Life Cycle Analysis

IMPACTwba.com

– Building level assessment methodology

– Integration of LCA (eg: kgCO2/m2) and/or LCC (eg: £/m2) data in BIM models or web-based tools

– Consistent data and calculations

– Designed to be in existing BIM tools – no exporting

– Earns BREEAM/HQM credits

– IES-ve and eTool now available

http://www.impactwba.com

IMPACT BUILDING LEVEL ASSESSMENT

Life Cycle Analysis

MODULAR APPROACH TO LCA

Life Cycle Analysis

MODELLING THE IMPACTS OF THE IKVA SHOPPING CENTRE

Life Cycle Analysis

THE BASELINE

• The assessment was carried out in accordance with EN 15978:2011• Global Warming Potential (GWP)• The study defined as Whole Life Carbon (WLC) as it covers the operational and embodied

carbon impacts associated with the cradle-to-grave stages (Stage A-B-C)• 3D AutoCAD model was used to calculate areas and volumes of building elements• 45 year study period• Operational energy use (IKVA)• Carbon emissions from energy consumption (Hungary)• Building floor area (IKVA)

Life Cycle Analysis

GEOCLIMADESIGN BLUEMAT

• Post Retrofit: 565m2 to First Floor Ceiling

• Service Life: 15 years

• Bluemat material produced by GeoClimaDesign

• Mass and composition of materials for components

such as the PP-R pipework and ancillary materials

such as metal fixings, suitable proxy data in the

modelling software was used to represent complex

components such as the pump.

• Suspended ceiling

Life Cycle Analysis

INSULATION

• Insulation data was used from an average of 6 different EPS products taken from IBU

EPD (to EN 15804) to estimate the value for the Caperol EPS which will be used.

• The EPS insulation was modelled in the current study following the below criteria:

– Post Retrofit: 120mm thickness over 497m2 to First Floor external wall

– Service Life: 45 years

– Carbon data source: BRE IMPACT generic EPS insulation

• EJOT Dowel fixings for EPS insulation were modelled

– 8 No./m2 over 287m2 to First Floor external wall

– Carbon source: EPD-EJO-20140128-IBD1-DE EJOT

• Render over the EPS board

Life Cycle Analysis

SURFACE COATING – CLIMASAN PAINT

• Data on the Climasan paint was taken from the EPD for the product

modelled to EN 15804 EPD-DIV-20140147-IBG1-DE

• A value of 0.344 kgCO2/m2 is to be used for the paint

• The area painted was 90m2 using 25litres of paint

Life Cycle Analysis

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

• Photovoltaic Panels were modelled in the current study following the below criteria:– Roof: 131 units – Polycrystalline PV 201.7m2 total area– Service Life: 20 years

• Carbon data source: ecoinvent Version 3.2

Life Cycle Analysis

THREE SCENARIOS MODELLED

• Scenario 1 (Prior retrofit) – the existing building• Scenario 2 (Post retrofit) – the building after the Ecoshopping project retrofit• Scenario 3 (Best practice retrofit) – retrofit after Ecoshopping extended to the rest of the

shopping centre plus windows and door upgrades plus additional roof insulation.

Life Cycle Analysis

WHOLE LIFE CARBON (WLC) BREAKDOWN

Stage A1-A3 Stage A4 Stage A5 Stage A1-A5 Stage B1-B5 Stage A-B-C

EmbodiedCarbon

TransportCarbon

SiteImpact

Practical Completion

In Use Stage

Carbon

WLCover 45 years

kg CO2e kg CO2e kg CO2e kg CO2e kg CO2e kg CO2eSubstructure 547,450 24,020 9,760 581,230 0 581,230Superstructure 2,340,280 109,920 41,740 2,491,940 0 2,491,940Internal Finishes 487,440 14,640 8,690 510,770 212,530 723,300Envelope 263,370 9,590 4,700 277,660 126,990 404,650Operational EnergyB6 4,684,520

Operational Water B7 21,830End of Life C1-C4 119,330Total 3,638,540 158,170 64,890 3,861,600 339,520 9,026,800

Life Cycle Analysis

CARBON AT PRACTICAL COMPLETION WHOLE LIFE CARBON OVER 45 YEARS

Life Cycle Analysis 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

PriorRetrofit

PostRetrofit

Best PracticeRetrofit

kg C

O2e

/m2

Existing fabric Product A1-A3 Construction A4-A5 In Use B1-B5

End of Life C1-C4 In Use B6 In Use B7

AssumingOperational Energy

30% reducionover Post Retrofit

34%reduction

37%reduction

Life Cycle Analysis

EMBODIED CARBON OF TYPICAL INSULATION MATERIAL OPTIONS (EN 15978:2011 - STAGES A1-A3)

54.1

11.7

7.54.7 4.4

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Aerogel44mm tck

0.015 W/(mK)

XPS97mm tck

0.033 W/(mK)

PIR62mm tck

0.021 W/(mK)

EPS100mm tck

0.034 W/(mK)

Phenolic Foam53mm tck

0.018 W/(mK)

kg C

O2e

/m2

IKVAretrofit

Life Cycle Analysis

SUMMARY

• A whole life carbon approach was deployed to model the embodied and operational within the same units to capture savings and impacts across the life cycle of the building.

• The IKVA Shopping Centre was modelled following three scenarios:– Prior Retrofit– Post Ecoshopping Retrofit: 34% whole life carbon saving that equates to approximately

3068 tonne CO2e or 990 kg CO2e/m2– Best Practice Retrofit: 37% whole life carbon savings that equate to approximately 3380

tonne CO2e or 1090 kg CO2e/m2