Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Aluminium is an important material in a large cross section of industries. It is suitable for forming, welding and
machining, and provides the following advantages.
High specific strength
High corrosion fatigue resistance
Low specific gravity (2.70g/cm ) approximately one third of steel
Highly economic to recycle
Good electrical conductivity; about 60% that of copper but reduced by the presence of alloying elements
Non magnetic
Although available in a number of grades, Aluminium can be divided into two major categories of wrought alloys.
Work hardening alloys i.e. Non heat treatable, include commercially pure aluminium and the alloys including manganese
or magnesium. The degree of work hardening is expressed as a temper H. These alloys can be fully or partly softened
by annealing (at 350 - 400 c).
3
0
Work Hardening Alloys
0
New Symbol
O
F
H12
H14
H16
H18
H22
H24
H26
Description
Annealed, soft
As fabricated
Strain-hardened, quarter hard
Strain-hardened, half hard
Strain-hardened, three quarter hard
Strain-hardened, fully hard
Strain-hardened, partially annealed, quarter hard
Strain-hardened, partially annealed, half hard
Strain-hardened, partially annealed, three quarter hard
Old BS Symbol
O
M
H2
H4
H6
H8
H2
H4
H6
Heat Treatable Alloys
Heat treatable alloys or precipitation hardening alloys include copper, magnesium, zinc and silicon as important
constituents. For these alloys, the designation system uses the letter T following the grade.
T6 The designation applies to products which are not cold worked
after solution heat-treatment, or in which the effect of cold work in flattening or straightening may not be
recognised in mechanical property limits.
T7 . This designation applies to products which are
artificially aged after solution heat-treatment to carry beyond the point of maximum strength to provide
control of some significant characteristic other than mechanical properties.
T8 The designation applies to products which
are cold worked to improve strength, or in which the effect of cold work in flattening or straightening is
recognised in mechanical property limits.
T9 This designation applies to products
which are cold worked to improve strength.
Solution heat-treated and then artificially aged.
Solution heat-treatment and then artificially aged
Solution heat-treated, cold worked and then artificially aged.
Solution heat-treated, artificially aged and then cold worked.
T3
The designation applies to products which are cold worked to improve strength after solution heat-
treatment, or in which the effect of cold work in flattening or straightening is recognised in
mechanical property limits.
T4
Solution heat-treated, cold worked and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition.
Solution heat-treated and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition.
T651 (permanent set 0.5% to 3 %
for sheet, 1.5% to 3 % for plate, 1% to 3 % for rolled or cold-finished rod and bar) and then artificially
aged. The products receive no further straightening after stretching.
Solution heat-treated, stress relieved by stretching a controlled amount
Typical Characteristics and Suitability for Processing - Wrought Aluminium
European Specifications with British Standard Comparison
KEY:
E = Excellent V = Very Good G = Good F = Fair D = Dark colours only N = Not recommended
* = As actual figures depend on size and form of material, these typical figures should only be used to compare alloys.
0.2%
Proof
Stress*
N/mm2
Tensile
Strength*
N/mm2
Inert Gas
Shielded
Arc Oxy-Gas
Resistance
to
Atmospheric
AttackFormability Machinability
Suitability For
Resistance
Spot ,Sea ,etcBrazing Soldering Protective Colour
Joining Anodising
55
133
60
115
143
280
255
255
420
70
140
185
140
250
285
87
150
190
100
200
225
90
180
130
270
1B
1B
1C
1C
1C
FC1
FC1
H15
H15
N3
N3
N3
N8
N8
N8
N4
N4
N4
N51
N51
N51
H9
H9
H30
H30
75
146
80
125
160
340
340
410
470
112
155
195
312
335
375
180
220
250
250
275
295
155
210
225
310
V
V
V
V
V
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
F
F
V
V
V
V
G
G
V
G
V
G
E
F
E
V
F
F
F
G
F
E
V
F
G
F
F
V
G
G
V
G
G
V
G
GG
F
G
F
F
G
E
E
G
V
F
F
G
G
V
V
G
G
V
G
V
V
G
G
G
V
V
V
V
V
V
N
N
N
N
V
V
V
E
E
E
V
V
V
E
E
E
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
N
N
N
N
V
V
V
F
F
F
V
V
V
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
V
V
V
V
V
N
N
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
N
N
N
N
V
V
V
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
VV
G
G
V
V
V
V
V
N
N
N
N
V
V
V
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
G
G
G
G
E
E
V
V
V
F
F
F
F
G
G
G
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
G
G
E
E
V
V
V
F(D)
F(D)
F(D)
F(D)
G
G
G
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
G
G
1050A-0
1050A-H8
1200-0
1200-H4
1200-H8
2011-T3
2011-T6
2014A-T4
2014A-T6
3103-0
3103-H4
3103-H8
5083-0
5083-H2
5083-H4
5251-0
5251-H3
5251-H6
5454-0
5454-H2
5454-H4
6063-T4
6063-T6
6082-T4
6082-T6
Old BS
DesignationMaterial
Designation
EN 485 - 1
EN 485 - 2
EN 485 - 3
EN 485 - 4
EN 515
EN 573 - 3
EN 573 - 4
EN 755 - 1
EN 755 - 2
EN 755 - 3
EN 755 - 4
EN 755 - 5
EN 755 - 6
EN 755 - 7
EN 755 - 8
Pr* EN 755 - 9
Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
Mechanical properties
Tolerances on shape and dimensions for hot rolled products
Tolerances on shape and dimensions for cold rolled products
Temper designations
Chemical composition
Forms of products
Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
Mechanical properties
Round bars, tolerances on dimension and form
Square bars, tolerances on dimension and form
Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimension and form
Hexagonal bars, tolerances on dimension and form
Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimension and form
Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimension and form
Profile tolerances on dimensions and forms
British StandardContent
BS 1470:1987 BS 1474:1987
Pr* - Due for publication
EN Number
Plate, Sheet and Strip Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties
Material Designation
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties
Temper
Elongation
On 50mm Material Thicker ThanTensile Strength
Thickness
Over
mmUp to & inc-
luding mmEuropean
Standard
Old BS
Standard
1050A
3103
5251
5454
6082
1B
N3
N4
N51
H30
F
O
H12
H14
H18
F
O
H12
H14
H16
H18
F
O
H22
H24
H28
F
O
H22
H24
O
T4
T6
T451
T651
3.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.0
0.2
3.0
6.0
25.0
6.0
25.0
90.0
115.0
25.0
6.0
6.0
12.5
3.0
25.0
6.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
25.0
3.0
25.0
25.0
90.0
25.0
90.0
115.0
150.0
-
60
130
175
215
-
80
180
200
-
120
115
255
240
115
115
240
240
230
220
-
160
200
225
255
-
215
250
270
-
200
200
295
295
200
200
295
295
285
275
-
200
240
275
285
-
285
305
325
155
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
25.0
6.0
6.0
12.5
3.0
25.0
6.0
6.0
12.5
6.0
3.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
55
80
100
135
-
90
120
140
160
175
-
95
115
135
-
-
22
44
3
-
25
6
5
3
-
30
8
6
4
-
32
9
6
4
-
32
9
8
-
-
20
5
3
2
2
-
18
4
3
2
-
23
6
4
3
3
-
18
5
4
3
-
24
7
5
4
4
-
18
6
5
3
-
24
9
6
4
4
-
20
8
5
4
-
25
9
7
4
-
-
20
8
5
4
-
12
4
3
-
14
5
4
-
16
7
5
-
18
8
6
-
14
-
-
16
15
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
15
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
15
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
15
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
130
145
175
195
-
0.5mmmin %
0.8mmmin %
1.3mmmin %
2.6mmmin %
3.0mmmin %
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.50
0.70
0.10
0.9-1.5
0.30
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.40
0.50
0.15
0.10-0.50
1.7-2.4
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.25
0.40
0.10
0.50-1.0
2.4-3.0
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.7-1.3
0.50
0.10
0.40-1.0
0.6-1.2
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.25
0.40
0.05
0.05
0.05
Zn
Ti
Others
0.07
0.05
0.03
Cr
Zn
Others
0.10
0.20
0.015
5083 N8 F
O
H22
H24
3.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
25.0
80.0
6.0
6.0
-
125
235
270
-
275
310
345
-
350
375
405
-
12
5
4
-
14
6
5
-
16
8
6
-
16
10
8
-
16
8
6
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.40
0.40
0.10
0.40-1.0
4.0-4.9
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.05-0.25
0.25
0.15
0.15
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.05-0.2
0.25
0.20
0.15
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.25
0.20
0.10
0.15
Properties in the F condition are given for information only.
Bars, Extruded Round Tube and Sections Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.50-0.90
0.50
3.9-5.0
0.40-1.2
0.20-0.80
Cr
Ni
Zn
Ti
Others
0.10
0.10
0.25
0.15
0.15
T4
T6/T651
-
-
-
150
-
-
150
200
200
150
200
25
150
200
-
100
130
120
150
195
150
15
13
16
13
8
8
6
13
12
14
-
7
7
-
14
1213
11
-
20
75
150
-
20
75
150
20
75
150
200
20
75
150
200
230
250
250
230
370
435
420
390
370
390
390
370
435
480
465
435
11
11
9
8
7
7
7
7
10
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H152014A
Material Designation
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties
Temper
ElongationTensile Strength
Thickness
Over
mmUp to & inc-
luding mmOn 50 mm min %
European
Standard
Old BS
Standard
0
F
0
F
T4
T5
T6
-
-
70
70
110
160
130
140
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-150
150
125
130275
280-
-
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.40
0.40
0.10
0.40-1.0
4.0-4.9
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.05-0.25
0.25
0.15
0.15
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.20-0.6
0.35
0.10
0.10
0.45-0.9
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.15
5083
6063
N8
H9
0
F
T4
T5
T6
200
200
150
200
6
20
150
240
170
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
110
190
170
270
295
310
280
-
-
120
100
230
255
270
240
-
-
-
150
-
-
20
150
16
13
16
13
9
8
8
5
14
12
14
-
8
7
-
-
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
0.7-1.3
0.50
0.10
0.40-1.0
0.6-1.2
Cr
Zn
Ti
Others
0.25
0.20
0.10
0.15
6082 H30