Work and Power

PhysicsMrs. Coyle

What is the direction of the component of the force that causes the sled to

move?

What component of F applied causes this object to move?

Work• The work done on an object by an external

constant force:

W= F d cos

• is the angle between the displacement d and the force F.

Work

• Is a scalar quantity.

• Unit: Joule= Newton meter ∙• J= N m∙

• James Prescott JouleEnglish, 19thCentury

• When the force is in the direction of thedisplacement, =0o:cos 0= 1 => W= F d and work is positive

Which force acting on the sled does positive work?

When the force acts opposite to the direction ofthe displacement, =180o:cos 180 = -1 => W= F d and work is negative

Which force acting on the sleddoes negative work?

When the force acts perpendicular to thedisplacement,

then the work done by that force is zero.

What force(s) acting on the sled does no work?

Question

• Does the centripetal force do work?

Meaning of Sign of Work

When the work done by an external force onto the system is:

+ : the system gains energy - : the system loses energy

Example 1• How much work was done by

the 30N applied tension force to move the 6kg box along the floor by 20m? (A: 300J)

• How much work did the weight do in the same case?

• If µ=0.2, how much work did the friction do? (Hint: Use Fxnet to calculate N)(A: -136J)

Work done by Resultant

W= W1+ W2+ Wn

Since work is a scalar, the net work done by a resultant force is equal to the sum of theindividual works done by each individualforce acting on the object.

Example 2

• How much total work is done on a sled that moves at constant velocity?

Work is the area under an F vs d graph.

Power,

P= W = Fdcos t t • Rate

• Scalar

• Unit : J/s = W ( Watt)

• James Watt (18th Century) developed the steam engine.

Power

P= W = FdcosFvcos t t

kiloWatt hour∙Does a kWatthour (kWh) measure:

Power

or

Work

Pile Driver

Example 3

A pile driver drives a pile in 10 m with a force of 2000N in 0.05s.1. Calculate the work done by the driver. (A: 2 x104J)

2. Calculate the power of the driver. (A: 4x105W)

Example 4

• An engine moves a boat through the water at a speed of 12m/s. The force exerted by the engine is 5500N. What is the power of the engine?

• Answer: 6.6 x 104 W