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Wood‐Steel Hybrid‐BuildingsPast, Present and Future
Solomon Tesfamariam – UBC Okanagan&
Thomas Tannert – UBC Vancouver
Thanks to:
• CollaboratorsSiegfried Stiemer and Marjan Popovski
• StudentsJohannes Schneider Xiaoyue Zhang Matiyas Bezabeh Pooja Bhat Caleb Goertz Michael FairhurstTobias Fast Riasat AzimCarla Dickof Adam Gerber
Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
• Introduction
• Infill system
• FFTT system
• Composite floors
• Outlook
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Objective‐based Building Code since 2005
Encourages the use of alternative solutions
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
6‐storey Light‐Frame‐Wood Construction
> 70 buildings constructed, and > 130 in design phase
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Introduction of CLT to Canada
> Over 50 CLT buildings built across Canada
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
“Tall Wood” Initiative
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Challenges for Tall Wood Buildings
• Stiffness for wind loads
• Design factors for seismic load
(ductility Rd and overstrength Ro)
• Acoustic/vibration performance for mixed uses
→ Solu on: Wood‐based Hybrid‐Buildings
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Hybrid‐Buildings Wood‐Steel
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
• Introduction
• Infill system
• FFTT system
• Composite floors
• Outlook
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill System
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill System – Modelling
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill system – Conventional Connections
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill system – Connections Damages
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Pull‐out failure Net tension failureShear failure
Edge break out Group tear‐outWood crushing
Infill system – Innovative Connections
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill System – Force Based Design Factors
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Inertia forces caused by earthquake motion equivalent lateral forced (ELF), NBC 4.1.8.6:
V = S(Ta)MVIEW/(RdRo)
Infill System – Force Based Design Factors
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill System – Archetype Building
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
4/3)(137.0 na hT
DhT n
a
155.0
Infill System – Building Height Considered
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
MISD (%)
Stor
ey h
eigh
t (m
)
EQ-iMeanMean+1SD
0 5 10 150
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MISD (%)
S T(T=0
.5s)
[g]
SCT = 4g
SMT = 0.5g
CMR = 4/0.5 = 8
Infill System – Force Based Design Guideline
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Infill System – Displacement Based Design
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
• Introduction
• Infill system
• FFTT system
• Composite floors
• Outlook
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
FFTT System
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
FFTT System ‐ Embedment
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
FFTT System – Wall connections
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
FFTT System – Modelling
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
FFTT – ductility
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Empirical CDF
Inter‐storey Drift (%)
Rd=1.5Rd=2Rd=2.5Rd=3Rd=3.5Rd=4Rd=4.5Rd=5Rd=5.5Rd=6
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
FFTT System – Hold Downs
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
• Introduction
• Infill system
• FFTT system
• Composite floors
• Outlook
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Advantages of composite floors
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
• Improved structural performance
• Advanced construction process
• Improved building physics performance
300+ tests small scale shear tests
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
18 full scale bending tests
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
9 ongoing long‐term tests
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
• Introduction
• Infill system
• FFTT system
• Composite floors
• Outlook
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
What will the future bring?
• Increased pre‐fabrication
• Increased use of digital design tools
• Increased desire for multi‐functional components
• → Increased use of hybrid materials and structures
“The Future is here”
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
“The Future is here”
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
“The Future is also elsewhere”
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
We Need:
• Close academic‐industry collaboration
• Develop design guidelines
• Develop Canadian hybrid benchmark buildings
• Exited Individuals
• NewestBuildS+
Tesfamariam/ Tannert Wood‐Hybrid‐Structural‐Systems
Wood‐Steel Hybrid‐BuildingsPast, Present and Future
Solomon Tesfamariam – UBC Okanagan&
Thomas Tannert – UBC Vancouver
