Wood in Modern School Construction - WoodWorks › wp-content › uploads › Readling-wood-… · Reasons for demolition: 1. Changing land value. 2. Building does not meet current

Wood in ModernWood in ModernSchool ConstructionSchool ConstructionPresenter: Bryan Readling, Professional EngineerPresenter: Bryan Readling, Professional Engineer

Westlake Academy – Westlake, TXWestlake Academy – Westlake, TX

“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for b th AIA b d AIA b il bl tboth AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education As such it does not include content that may be deemededucation. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentationaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,

distribution, display and use of the presentationdistribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

© The Wood Products Council 2011

APAb. 1933

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives1. Participant will learn how, through sustainable local forests, carbon footprint

and pollution are reduced.

2 Participant will review various structural wood elements typically utilized in a2. Participant will review various structural wood elements typically utilized in a modern wood-frame projects and see examples through case-studies.

3. Participant will learn the three building types that allow wood in the IBC and height and area limitations and will understand fire-rating strategies for wood structures that provide equivalent fire-safety to "noncombustible" construction

4. Participant will review fundamentals of designing for permanence in wood structures.

5 P ti i t ill l f t id b d bi hili d i i d5. Participant will learn of current evidence-based biophilic design using wood.

1. Through sustainable local forests, carbon g ,footprint and pollution are reduced.

L b di d Low embodied energyAbsorbs CO2, releases oxygenCleaner production processesCleaner production processes Thermally superiorAdds feelings of warmth to interiorsAdds feelings of warmth to interiorsRecyclable and biodegradable Forests add to Aquifer replenishment Provides habitatRecreational use Sustainable

Sustainability in the U.S.(recent history)

• From 1953 to 1997 (44 yr) forest inventories grew 36% *

• Over 50 million wood frame homes were built during• Over 50 million wood-frame homes were built during this period

4 200 000 trees planted daily in U S That’s 6 trees per• 4,200,000 trees planted daily in U.S. That’s 6 trees per person annually!

The biggest contributors US deforestation are:• The biggest contributors US deforestation are: Development and Agriculture

* Source: U.S. Forest Service



2 Participant will review various structural wood elements typically utilized in a2. Participant will review various structural wood elements typically utilized in a modern projects and see examples through case-studies.




Non-School – Private SectorNon School Private Sector

Wood Recaptures Segments of Hotel Construction - early 1990’sTraditionally Concrete and Masonry

Hampton Inn - Bixby, OK Hampton Inn - Anderson, SC

Fairfield Inn by Marriott - Commerce, GA

Wood Offices

15,000 s.f., Savannah, GA

Wood in Senior LivingWood in Senior Living

Germantown, TN – 430,000 s.f, type V

90% of the project - Type VA

Germantown, TN Assisted Living

80,000 s.f. Convalescence Center Nashville, TN,

Mixed-use Pedestal Slab

• 2 - 4 Stories of Type-V Wood atop Concrete• Birkdale Village 2003

Wood on Masonry/Bar-joist

Village at Sandhill Mixed-use 2006

5-Story Wood (Type III A)y ( yp )Fire retardant wood exterior walls

Atlantic Station - 2006

Goodwynn at Town BrookhavenBD&C January 2011

Wood-Frame RetailMixes well with Residential

Village Park – Lake Oconee, GA, 2007

Products:Wood Structural Panels

plywood oriented strand board

Plywood Acoustic PanelsPlywood Acoustic Panels

•Sound dispersion•Added warmth and soul

El Dorado, AR, High School 2010

Fire Retardant Wood, Type III A

Eon at Lindbergh - 2007

Wall Sheathing Shear and UpliftWall Sheathing - Shear and Uplift Fewer metal connectors

ref. APA form SR-101

Products:Wood I joistsWood I- joists

I-joistsCommonly available in:

•Depths to 24”•Lengths to 48’-0

I-joists CompartmentalizeNo sprinklers required within the floor cavity

(NFPA type-13, less than 160 cu. ft.)

Precut HolesPrecut Holes

Mechanical Furr-downs • Less Interruptions in Ceiling

N Fi d @ l i t• No Fire dampers @ supply registers• Reduced noise transmission

Products:Laminated Veneer Lumber

LVL Floor BeamsLVL Floor Beams LVL Wall FramingLVL Wall Framing

GlulamGlulam Beams

available in:•Stock sizes

•Custom shapes and sizesI-Joist CompatibleI-Joist Compatible

“STOCK” Glulam

Glulam Beams• Stock Glulam Beams – very economical• Easy connections to other components

Exposed “Stock” Glulamp•Economical aesthetic

•Greater learning potential

Steel in Tension Connections add

Interest

Square Headed Boltsq Washerless Carriage Boltsg

Specialized ConnectorsSpecialized Connectors

Ti b i tTimber rivets

Raleigh-Durham AirportRaleigh Durham Airport

Exposed GlulamExposed GlulamExposed GlulamExposed Glulam

Goodman Middle School – Gig Harbor, WA

Cross-Laminated Timber

Structural Insulated Panels

SIPs in Schools Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives1. Participant will learn how, through sustainable local forests, carbon footprint


2 Participant will review various structural wood elements typically utilized in a2. Participant will review various structural wood elements typically utilized in a modern wood-frame school and see examples through case-studies.)

3. Participant will learn the height and area limitations of three building types that allow wood in the IBC, and will understand fire-rating strategies for wood structures that provide equivalent fire-safety vs. "noncombustible" construction



IBC Building Types for Wood School Construction

TYPE III: Noncombustible Walls allows wood floors and roofs

TYPE IV: Heavy Timber

TYPE V: Wood Frame

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

• Sprinklered• Sprinklered

• 30’ open space all sides, min.

• No fire walls required

• 30’ open space all sides, min.

• No fire walls required

Building Type One-story Two-story

qq

g yp y yIII A 111,625 sf 176,250 sf

IV (HT) 121,125 sf 191,250 sfV A 87,875 sf 138,750 sfV A 87,875 sf 138,750 sf

Average School SizesAverage School Sizes

Elementary: 76,200 SF

Middle: 125,000 SF

High schools: 302,000 SF

Equivalent Fire Safety Provided by IBC

H i ht & A M difi ti (IBC 705 1)Type VA, Education

Occupancy Example

Height & Area Modification (IBC 705.1)

Occupancy Example1 Story, Sprinklered

Max. Area(100% frontage)

IBC(100% frontage)

87,875 ft2

Equivalent Fire Safety q yProvided by IBC

H i ht & A M difi ti (IBC 705 1)Height & Area Modification (IBC 705.1)Type VA, Education

Occupancy Example Fi llOccupancy Example1 Story, Sprinklered

Fire walls (IBC Table 705.4)

Max. Area(75% f t )

Max. Area(75% f t )

Max. Area(50% f t )

IBC(75% frontage)

83,250 ft2(75% frontage)

83,250 ft2(50% frontage)

78,625 ft2

Combined area = 245,125 ft2


Roof

3-hour rated fire wall

Fire walls (IBC Table 705.4)

3-hour rated fire wall

Foundation



EGRESSEGRESSEGRESSEGRESSEGRESSEGRESSEGRESSEGRESS







PermanencePermanence

D liti St d (N id ti l)Demolition Study (Non-residential)

gsB

uild

ing

mbe

r of

Nu

Age Class – YearsSource: Demolition Study – Forintek Canada Corporation, Vancouver, B.C., Canada


D liti St d (N id ti l) Findings suggest no significant relationship between the

structural system and the actual useful life of the building.

Demolition Study (Non-residential)

y g Reasons for demolition:

1. Changing land value.2 Building does not meet current needs2. Building does not meet current needs.3. Lack of maintenance of non-structural components.

Source: Demolition Study – Forintek Canada Corporation, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

Permanence

Proper design and maintenance prevents issues related to mold and termites

Wood buildings last just as long as theirjust as long as their non-wood counterparts

Reinli Stave Church - Norway, 13th Century

BELLEVIEW-BILTMORE HOTEL

Clearwater, FL, ca. 1897, 820,000 s.f.

Gibson InnApalachicola, FL

Circa 1907Circa 1907


D i PlDrainage Plane1. Layered in shingle

fashion2. Space for water to drain3. Water exits to daylight

Windowopening


M i t C t lMoisture Control Termite Control – The 6S Approach

1. Suppression (destroy existing nests)1. Suppression (destroy existing nests)2. Site Management (remove tree stumps)3. Soil Barrier (chemical or physical)4. Slab/Foundation (shields, ground spacing)5. Structure (treated wood as necessary)6 Surveillance (routine inspection)6. Surveillance (routine inspection)

Resources at www.woodworks.orgg

Durabilityy

Lee High School – Baton Rouge, LA







Exposed Wood Enhanced LearningExposed Wood Enhanced Learning

Biophilia - term coined by German psychologist Erich Fromm and popularized by American biologist Edward O. Wilson, “An instinctive bond

that exists between human beings and other living systems.”

“People are attracted to wood due to its visual variety including its naturalPeople are attracted to wood due to its visual variety, including its natural irregularity and expressiveness.”

- Duo Dickinson, AIA, Madison, Conn

Evidence-Based Design

Evidence-based design is a movement in healthcare building design that puts anemphasis on scientifically defendable design for optimal outcomes for patientsemphasis on scientifically defendable design for optimal outcomes for patients,

staff, and other stakeholders (Zimmerman, 2009).

• Ulrich (1984) found that hospital patients with a view to nature recovered fasterthan patients with a view to another building.

• Lohr et al (1996) brought nature indoors by studying the effects of plants on• Lohr et al. (1996) brought nature indoors by studying the effects of plants on stress and task performance in the built environment. Plants are now an established means of bringing the benefits of nature indoors

• Fell (2010) test for a stress-reducing effect of wood in the built environment. A stress-reducing effect for wood was found in this study with respect to nervous systems when compared to non-wood environments.

Wood in the Human Environment : Restorative Properties of Wood in the Built IndoorProperties of Wood in the Built Indoor

EnvironmentResearch by David Fell PhD. – Univ. of B.C., 2010

Building Design + ConstructionR t J ’ Mi i t f Ed ti t th t d k f li fReports: Japan’s Ministry of Education asserts that wood evokes feelings of warmth, softness, and "positive sensations" among students and teachers.

Completed EntranceExposed Wood - BeautyCompleted Entrance

Milgard Lower School – University City, WAMilgard Lower School – University City, WA

Exterior Wood

Elementary School – San Diego, CAElementary School – San Diego, CA

Protected Wood FraminggCosts Less

Material costsate a costs

Time and labor

Insurance

Energy

Ballou Junior High School – Puyallup, WA

Seismic Advantages

•Low mass

In California approx. 50% of schools are wood

•Good ductility•High damping•Excellent structural redundancy

Dougherty Valley High School – San Ramon, CA

Jefferson Junior High School, Long Beach, CA Jefferson Junior High School, Long Beach, CA -- March 11, 1933March 11, 1933March 11, 1933March 11, 1933

Dougherty Valley High School – San Ramon, CA

I-joist Roof – Reinforced CoreI-joist Roof – Reinforced Core•1-story with I-joist roof – easy to insulate•Mechanical easily routed within conditioned space•Reinforced concrete and masonry corridor storm shelter•Local labor•Commodity materialsCommodity materials•Under budget at $108.00/s.f.

Newport Elementary School – Newport, AR

Case Study: Wood School Eld d A kEldorado, ArkansasOpened August 2011

.

Case Study: Wood School Eld d A k

“Structurally, we made the decision during the design development phase to extend the use

Eldorado, ArkansasOpened August 2011

of wood products to save money. Historically, we have done steel-frame floor and roof construction. However, we changed the exterior walls to wood-frame and used wood I-joists for the floor and roof construction to save money—and it did. These changes alone saved the School District $2.7 million.”

Type III A

Blakely C. Dunn, AIA, NCARB, principal of CADM Architecture, Inc.

•Type III-A, •Fully sprinklered •One-hour fire rated structure

Classroom FramingClassroom Framing

Classroom Framing

2

Classroom Framing

2-I-joist Floor and Roof Joists

Reinforced CMU corridor with precast slab – Storm Shelter

Wood walls between Fire Retardant wood class roomsexterior walls

El Dorado High SchoolExterior Walls

5/8” Type X Gypsum 2X6 studs, 16 OC 15/32” plywood Building wrapg p 5/8” gypsum 1” foam insulation 1” air space 1 air space Brick veneer

El Dorado High SchoolClassroom floor

24” I-joist @ 16” on centerjo st @ 6 o ce te 23/32”plywood

Sound RatingsSound Ratings

Acoustic Mats

Self Leveling Topping

El Dorado High SchoolClassroom ceiling

I l ti Insulation Resilient channels 5/8” gypsum type X5/8 gypsum, type X Drop ceiling

El Dorado High SchoolFirst floor corridor

Masonry walls Concrete floor above Functions as storm

shelter

El Dorado High SchoolSecond floor corridor

15/32 t 15/32 category plywood Impact resistant p

gypsum over plywoodC ili ili t Ceiling – resilient channels & Type X gypsum

Exposed Wood TrussesExposed Wood TrussesExposed Wood TrussesExposed Wood Trusses

High School Gym, Eldorado, AR

The intent was always to use exposed wood products in the building, as “an acknowledgment of where we are in Arkansas. Wood is easy to work with and has great aesthetic qualities. But really, our decision to extend the use of wood g q y,into the non-exposed areas of the building was purely based on our efforts to reduce the overall cost of the school.” Blakely C. Dunn, AIA, NCARB, principal of CADM Architecture, Inc.

High School Gym, Eldorado, AR

A Gathering PlaceA Gathering Place

“Architecturally, we chose to expose the wood products where it was appropriate, but we concentrated on the principal circulation areas and public spaces,” - Blakely C. Dunn, AIA, NCARB, principal of CADM Architecture, Inc.

Questions?This concludes The American

Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

APA help desk:

Bryan T Readling P E

[email protected]

Bryan T. Readling, [email protected]

(704) 892-7538

Wood Products Council 866.966.3448 [email protected]

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Wood in Modern School Construction - WoodWorks › wp-content › uploads › Readling-wood-… · Reasons for demolition: 1. Changing land value. 2. Building does not meet current