WOOD 120“Topics in Forestry”

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Global Distribution of Forests

www.iisd.org/wcfsd/currentforests.png

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Softwoods Hardwoods

(www.agpix.com)(Ellis)

(Côté)(Côté)(BC Wood Specialties) (http://woodcrafterplus.com)

• Gymnosperms

• Evergreen

• Coniferous

• Angiosperms

• Deciduous

• Non-Coniferous

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Global Distribution of Forests

www.iisd.org/wcfsd/currentforests.png

18%

25%17% 12%

7% 21%

Forest Harvest (Global)

• Subsistence (Domestic Survival)

• Non-subsistence (Industrial)

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Forested Lands in Canada

Biogeoclimatic Zones of BC

7(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

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British Columbia - Forest Regions

Coast

Northern Interior

Southern Interior

(BC Ministry of Forests and Range, 2003)

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“Forest”

“A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a more or less dense and extensive tree cover, often consisting of stands varying in species composition, structure, age class, and associated processes, and commonly including meadows, streams, fish and wildlife.”

(Society of American Foresters, 1998)

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48%

34%

12%

1% 5%

Forested land

Non-forested land

Protected areas

Other Federal land

Private land

Land types in British Columbia

(BC Ministry of Forest and Range, 2003)

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Forest Land Ownership

Federal Provincial Private

BC 1% 96% 3%

Canada 14% 78% 8%

USA 37% 63%

(Canadian Forest Service, 2001)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada

Canada

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The “Politics” of Canadian Forests

• Federal Ministry of Natural Resources• Provincial Ministry of Forests, Lands and

Natural Resource Operations• Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM)• Canadian Forest Service

“To promote the sustainable development of Canada's forests and competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector for the well-being of present and future generations of Canadians.” (Natural Resources Canada, 2005)

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Examples of Associations and NGOs

• Council of Forest Industries (COFI)• Truck Loggers Association (TLA) • Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC)

• Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) • Greenpeace Canada• Sierra Club of BC

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Canada’s Balance of Trade (2012)

(Statistics Canada)

Canada’s Balance of Trade (2004-2012)

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Agriculture & fishing

Energy

Forest Products

Industrial goods

Machinery & equipment

Automotive products

Other

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$, Billion

(Statistics Canada, 2013)

Some BC Forest Facts

• In 2011, forest products made up 30 percent of all B.C.

exports, with a value of roughly $9.95 billion a year.

• Forestry is the number-one industry in BC’s northern

interior region producing more than one fifth of Canada’s

softwood lumber each year.

• Direct employment in the forest industry in 2010

averaged 55,500 positions, representing 2.5 percent of

total provincial employment.

• Half of softwood produced in Canada comes from BC

(52.5% in 2010)

17(Council of Forest Industries, 2011)

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BC Commercial Timbers

Softwoods (94%)• Lodgepole pine • Spruce• Hemlock• Balsam fir• Western red cedar• Yellow cedar• Douglas-fir• Ponderosa pine• Larch• White pine

• Hardwoods (6%)• Aspen• Red alder• Western white birch• Bigleaf maple

(Council of Forest Industries, 2000)

Timber volume in BC’s forests by species

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Forest Fires in BC

(Vancouver Province) (Top News)

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1783

2473

2394

976

2570

16062023

3064

1673

655

1659

1706

# of fires1333

Mountain Pine Beetle

(Natural Resources Canada)

Mountain Pine Beetle

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Mountain Pine Beetle

(Natural Resources Canada)

Mountain Pine Beetle

NRCan

Innovation Canada

Blue-Stained Pine

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www.designsbyjessica.ca

www.painterforum.com

Total Area Affected by Mountain Pine Beetle in Western Canada

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC

(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC

(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC

(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC

(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

First Nations

• Tsilhqot-in First Nation granted title to more than 1,700 km2 of land in BC.

• Land covered is greater than traditional reserve.

• Impact on current and future natural resource development (forestry, mines) is uncertain.

Global Economic Downturn• Real estate “bubble”

• Over optimism (real estate, stocks, etc.)

• Sub-prime mortgages → defaults

• Single family housing starts (USA)

2005 = 2.0 million; 2009 ≈ 0.5 million

• Home inventories (USA)

2006 = 5 million; 2009 = 10 million

• Demand for Canadian lumber ↓↓↓

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US Housing Starts and Lumber Prices

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BC Interior Lumber Production

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