WOMEN’S COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS A Strategic Discussion for Probation Trusts Tuesday 25 th September 2012

WOMEN’S COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS

A Strategic Discussion for Probation Trusts

Tuesday 25th September 2012

WELCOME AND CONTEXT

Mike Maiden Chief Executive

Staffordshire & West Midlands Probation Trust

Programme for the Day

10.30 Welcome - Mike MaidenChief Executive Staffordshire and West Midlands Probation Trust

10.35 Introduction - Jackie RussellDirector, Women’s Breakout

Desistance, Research and Data

10.40 Desistance and WomenProfessor Loraine GelsthorpProfessor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Cambridge

11.10 The Social Return on Investment for Women’s Community SolutionsNatalie NichollesNew Economic Foundation

11.25 Payment By Results PilotsMike Maiden

11.35 Discussion Moderated by Mike Maiden

12.20 Lunch & Refreshments

Women’s Voices in Provision

13.00 Cleanbreak Theatre Performance

13.15 A National Picture - Jackie Russell, Director Women’s Breakout

13.30 Service Users VoiceJoy Doal, Anawim & Emma Stazaker, Brighter Futures

Commissioning and Co-commissioning

13.55 Context -Mike MaidenChief Executive Staffordshire and West Midlands Probation Trust

14.05 Expectations of Trusts in Delivering Services for WomenColin Allars- National Offender Management Service

14.25 Commissioning for Criminal Justice and Health outcomesNicola Benge - Birmingham East and North PCT, NHS

14.50 Roundtable Discussion

15.20 Closing Remarks- Mike Maiden and Jackie Russell

15.30 Close

WELCOME AND CONTEXT

Jackie Russell

Director, Women’s Breakout

INTRODUCTION

Public Sector Equality Duty‘A public authority must, in the exercise of its functions, have due regard to the need to ….. advance equality of opportunity between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it’

NOMS Commissioning Intentions‘Ensure that appropriate provision is in place to enable women offenders to complete their sentences and reduce their risk of offending.’

A continuing focus on women offenders

DESISTANCE AND WOMEN

Professor Loraine Gelsthorp

Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice

University of Cambridge

Conference for Probation Practitioners, Birmingham. September 25th, 2012

Loraine Gelsthorpe, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge ([email protected])

Stopping and refraining from offending

Spontaneous or ‘natural’ desistance Assisted desistance (and what works) Primary and secondary desistance The problems of measuring desistance

People’s resources for the journey are often limited (cf. SEU, 2022)

Their change pathways are often blocked

Temptation and provocation…

From Bottoms and Shapland (2011: 70)

They are complex processes, not events, characterised by ambivalence and vacillation

The involve re-biography (at the time or post hoc); changing identities (narratives); more than learning new cognitive skills

Prompted by life events, depending on the meaning of those events for the offender; inherently subjective, hence individualised, sensitive to difference/diversity

Solicited or sustained by someone ‘believing in’ the offender (or prevented by someone giving up on the offender?)... Hope

An active process in which agency is discovered and exercised

Requires social capital (opportunities) as well as human capital (capacities/ skills)

Desistance einforced through ‘redemption’ or restoration (de- labelling); finding purpose in generative activities (constructive reparation)

Desistance research is not a different form of ‘what works?’ research and is not in direct opposition to ‘what works’ research

Rather, it helps us to understand the process that such models, practices, programmes exist to support◦ More analogous to research on child/ individual

development than research on teaching methods; more in common with recovery literatures than treatmentliteratures.

◦ Its about the journey, not the vehicle Desistance research does not produce or prescribe a single

practice model, or a programme, or a solution

Practice Systems

Realism Individualisation Hope Relationships Strengths and resources Self-determination Social capital Recognition

Sentencing? Prisons? Probation (Discovering

Desistance)? Families? Communities? Civil Society? The State?

Judicial

Moral

Social

Personal

Systematic review of the literature: catalogues - > screen by words - > screen by abstract - > full article/ report screen = 45 items > 17 articles/ reports eligible. (some failed of the 45 failed to distinguish between men and women)

Small scale studies

Cross- cultural differences

The need for meta- analyses

The importance of participating in research – to build up a picture

Bui and Morash (2010) The Impact of Network Relationships, Prison Experiences, and Internal Transformation on Women’s Success After Prison 20 interviews with women on parole (USA study) > material resources (housing and finance/ dealing with debts)> ending abusive relationships> time with pro –social friends

Cobbina (2010) Reintegration Success and Failure (file study + interviews of 50 women; USA)> stable positive family, practical support with finances and

childcare> being listened to, encouraged + practical help re finding

jobs> access to post release services (help with housing,

managing money

Difficult to sever ties with other family members who were offending and abusive partners

Lack of attention from parole officers (probation officers) who had very large caseloads

The variety of competing demands for time and energy upon release from prison

Study based on 25 mentees and 26 mentors. Conclusions point to the benefits of

mentoring:- personal agency- dealing with shame- shaping a ‘replacement self’

Based on interviews with 69 women 12 months after their release from prison in Australia (only 23 claimed to have been desisting after 12 months)- success or failure in dealing with drug addiction determined

success or otherwise regarding desistance- self- efficacy of the women- support from family

Study of 97 women and 83 men – life histories (USA study)

‘Cognitive transformation’:- openness to change- hooks for change (catalysts)- the creation of a ‘replacement self’ (a new ‘me’)

A study of 34 women in England and Wales Methodological weaknesses Three strategies of change:

- redirection … awakening of ‘personal agency’

- recognition … success, acceptance, satisfaction & increased

self- esteem- reciprocal relationships …interdependence and equality

Study 138 young women and 138 young men 14- 15, 18- 19, 22- 25 years olds – self

reports and interviews Samples drawn from two Scottish towns Females – more likely to cite moral rationales

for stopping offending than males (image of being law abiding)

Females more likely to emphasise the relational aspects of desistance

Dissociation from offending peers important for the young women

Human agency (‘resolve’ and timing) Supportive relationships (emotionally and

materially supportive relationships which encourage interdependence)

Severing relationships with abusive partners/ offending peers

Dealing with practical problems Reasons to stop offending & ways to continue

desistance

Desistance as a process not an event Group support; self- efficacy; resilience Fix problems + build on human and social

‘capital’ ‘Normal- smiths’ to convey to women that

they are capable of achieving aspirations of pro- social, conventional roles (Rumgay, 2004)

The benefits of centres and services for women 1. Women only2. Mixed provision (offenders and non- offenders)3. Focus on empowerment4. Use of effective learning styles5. Holistic stance6. Facilitate links with mainstream agencies7. Provision for ‘top ups’8. Supportive milieu9. Practical help with transport and childcare

Supportive relationships Pro- social modelling Learning new skills/ new ways of being Practical management of life Empowerment

Huge potential for women’s centres to contribute to desistance

Lack of robust research findings Different theoretical models in play A focus on the practical (service delivery) & the

need for greater emphasis on models of change The need for consistency in approach in regard

to research evaluations Encouragement for research evaluations of the

work of centres and services What counts? Reconvictions plus and in the new

context of commissioning there is still scope to define the ‘plus’…which is encouraging…

But there is need to do this NOW!

Bottoms, A.E. and Shapland, J. (2011) Steps towards desistance among male young adult recidivists in S. Farrall, M. Hough, S. Maruna and R. Sparks (eds) Escape routes: contemporary perspectives on life after punishment. (Routledge, pp. 43-80).

Gelsthorpe, L. ‘Working with women offenders in the community: A view from England and Wales’ in R. Sheehan, G. McIvor and C. Trotter (eds0 Working with Women in the Community. Willan Publishing, pp 127-50)

Gelsthorpe, L. (2010) ‘What works with women offenders?’ in Transnational Criminology Manual (vol. 3) edited by M. Herzog- Evans (Wolf Legal Publishers pp 223- 40)

McIvor, G., Sheehan, R. and Trotter, C. (2009) ‘Women, resettlement and desistance’, Probation Journal, 56, 4, pp 347-61

Rumgay, J. (2004) ‘Scripts for safer survival: Pathways out of female crime’, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, pp405-19)

As indicated, much of the work on desistance has been based on men. The following may nevertheless be of interest:- The road from crime (film):http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/the-roadfrom-crime

- Follow the Desistance Knowledge Exchange blog:http:/ / blogs.iriss.org.uk/ discoveringdesistance- Farrington, D.P. (2007) ‘Advancing knowledge

about desistance’ Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23,1, pp125- 134.

THE SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT

FOR WOMEN’S COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS

Natalie Nicholles

New Econonic Foundation

SROI for Women’s Community Solutions

1


Social Return on Investment for Women’s Community Solutions

Natalie Nicholles

nef consulting (new economics foundation)

25th September 2012


2


Social Return on Investment (SROI)

Founded in 1986

Economics Think Tank working to promote high well-being, environmental sustainability and social justice

Developed by nef in mid 2000s

Holistic form of cost benefit analysis

Measures things hard to measure

Popular with 3rd sector, Local Authorities, NHS, government

SROI = Outcomes = £1:£2Investment


3


SROI Research

• Capacity-build 5 Women’s community organisations over 12 months– January 2011 – March 2012

– Organisations do the work, supported by nefconsulting

• Organisations applied best practice and latest sophistication in social research – they did this research themselves

• Academic input from Lorraine Gelsthorpe, Institute of Criminology at University of Cambridge


4


Objectives • Strengthen and capacity build 5 organisations in Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodology continue to deliver effective and sustainable services relevant to their local context.

• Contribute to evidencing the sector’s value in a wider context to demonstrate the value of women’s community solutions to policy and decision makers.

5 Women’s Community organisations:

Inspire Project (Brighton)

Trust (London)

Women at the Well (London)

New Dawn New Day (Leicester)

SWAN Project (Northumberland)


5


Research stages

1. Theory of change: qualitative research & stakeholder engagement

2. Data collection: quantitative research on outcomes (distance-travelled at two points in time over 3 months, surveyed a representative sample of service users and scaled up to annual population

3. Valuation: of distanced-travelled through empirical research

4. Secondary research on impact and longevity of outcomes

5. Building an economic model

6. Communication: presenting findings, writing final reports and outputs


6


Today 1. How women’s community solutions create change: theory of change

2. How much change they create for each women

3. Socio-economic impact of change

4. What this means for commissioning

5. Next steps


8


Time

Awareness of additional support

builds

Beginning to trust

Begin to hope and plan for the future

Activities/Nature of Provision

Direct Outcome/Initial Change

Longer Term Outcomes

Optimism

Trust and belonging

Begin to build relationships

(caseworker & peers)

Feel valued

Increase in self worth, and self esteem

Supportive relationships

Autonomy

Meaning and Purpose

Provision of appropriate physical

space

Recreate family environment

(support alongside boundary setting)

Resilience and self-esteem

Positive Functioning

Accept there is an alternative way of

living

Setbacks/lose contact

Measurable changes

Well-being domains

Build/reconstruct supportive relationships & avoid

destructive relationships

Build resilience – interrupt destructive pattern of behaviour

Develop longer term outlook, optimism builds

Control over own life


9


How much change?

• 91 women sampled 535 women in services. BEFORE / AFTER.

• Journey of change NOT linear:

1. Reach of overall movement (forward/backwards/maintained)

2. Significance or magnitude of change (size)

Intervention Future

Time

Ch

an

ge


10


Reach of overall movement

• Overall direction of change after three months’engagement (average movement per woman)


What would have happened anyway?


12


Significance or magnitude of change

• Average degree of change for all women per outcome domain (3-month measurement only)


13


Socio-economic impact

• Attribution asked directly: 55% on average

• Stakeholder:– Women outcomes monetised

– State unit costs calculated

Total savings from decreased demand£2,970,000

Women’s community solutions = 55%£1,620,000


14


Socio-economic impact

• SROI Ratios varied for every £1 invested £3.44 to £6.65 of social value is created.

• Cost of community organisation ranged £1,700 - £2,300 per woman per year.

• These services create meaningful change (that’s damn hard to achieve) in a cost-effective way.

So, what next?


15


What does this mean for commissioning?

• Women’s community solutions is a uniquely effective model.

• Local commissioners understand their local need.

• Well-being changes created by Women’s Community Solutions needs to understood sustainable, demonstrable change

• Local commissioners measure what matters, not what is easy to measure lead to good, strong Value for Money.

• NOMS Commissioning Intentions 2013-14 intermediary outcomes are highlighted: well-being outcomes.


16


Mapping nef’s well-being domains



OptimismMeaning and

Purpose

Meaning and Purpose

Optimism

Autonomy

Supportive relationships


18


Next steps • Women’s community solutions should be commissioned and measured on:– Resilience and optimism– Autonomy and self-efficacy– Meaning and purpose– Supportive relationships

• Joint commissioning framework to cut across silos and lead to sustainability

• nef and CIFC publishing report on these findings, aimed at raising awareness among local commissioners.

Invest small / value is huge. This is not a false economy, it’s a real one.

Thank you

PAYMENT BY RESULTS

PILOTS

Mike Maiden

Chief Executive

Staffordshire & West Midlands Probation Trust

A NATIONAL PICTURE

Jackie Russell

Director, Women’s Breakout

Our starting point• The majority of women imprisoned should not be there.

• To prevent and reduce crime committed by women gender specific approaches delivered in women only community based organisations work best.

• To achieve equitable outcomes for the majority of women, they need to receive different interventions to the majority of men.

Women’s Community Solutions

How do women flourish best?• Women only, easily accessible environments• Non authoritarian, co-operative, collaborative settings• Empowered to engage, holistic and practical• Address complex and multiple needs together• Address women-specific factors – child care, health,

mental health, relationships, sensitive to trauma• On-going access

Women’s Community Solutions• Where do we work?

• Early intervention – causes of crime• Diversion from custody• Support for women on remand• Supporting community sentences• Access into on-site services• Referral and accompany to other organisations

• Total number of referrals (2010/11) 3,496• Women with multiple needs 82%

Women’s Community Solutions• Enabling women to access support for amongst other things housing,

training, drug and alcohol addiction, benefits and debt advice, can be a

key turning point in the cycle of offending

• More than half of the women who have accessed Women’s Community

Service have consistently engaged with projects for longer than three

months

• In 2010 a higher proportion of women than men completed their

community sentence successfully, or had their sentences terminated

for good progress on both community orders (69%) and suspended

sentence orders (74%) versus 65% on both orders for men.

AnawimBirmingham

Lau

gh

terSWAN, Escape, Blythe – Fire Academy

Personal ch

allenge

ASHA, WorcesterAchievementSWAN, Escape, Blythe

Working together

Anawim, BirminghamProductive

engagementHopes

ASHA, WorcesterSWAN, Escape, Blythe

Pride and ownership

I have been addicted to alcohol for the past 10 years. I have been sober now for

6 weeks. I have started to gain more confidence in myself and started to like myself more since coming here. In the

past I have found it hard to trust anyone. Since coming to ISIS it has helped slowly

gain trust in people again.

Women’s Voices – ISIS, Gloucester

Evolve were there with me every step. I have never felt such fear, but again it all went how my Caseworker told me it would. It was adjourned for pre-sentencing reports. Saying goodbye to Philip and my family and friends was dreadful. I couldn’t believe I might not be going home with them. It was frightening. I can’t put into words how scared I was. I was shaking, felt sick. The judge told me to sit down as I couldn’t stand any longer.

Women’s Voices – EVOLVE, Halifax

Believe me I did not want to come. So I was dragged here kicking and screaming by my probation officer. I told her flat out I didn’t want to

come to a place full of men hating hippies and would rather go back to jail than attend this place. So I came along with my P.O with a face like

a slapped arse and the insolence of a 13 year old, adamant that I would not like it and rather do 6 weeks in jail, yet here I am just over a year later, with my DRR finished and only one week of probation left.

I come of my own accord now, I have no probation, court orders to answer to, I come just because I want to. I’m not saying it has been easy, far from it, but every time I have slipped up ISIS has helped me

back on my feet again, without any judgments or condemnation. They have just brushed me down and pointed me in the right direction.

Women’s Voices – ISIS, Gloucester

Women’s Community Solutions• Distinct approaches tailored to local circumstances

• External evaluations

• NOMS Quarter 3 Performance Review 2011/12

• NOMS Commissioning Intentions 2013/14 – ‘Where possible services should be delivered in women only groups’ – ‘it is unrealistic to expect that a single service must always demonstrate

an impact on reconviction without taking into account the other circumstances of an offender’s life’.

Women’s Community Solutions

• 50 member organisations• Different ‘offers’ but core characteristics• Generally good relations with Trusts • Negotiate and work with our members• Sign post your providers to us• Visit our web site• Listen to our members

Women’s Voices in Provision

Emma Stazaker – Brighter FuturesJoy Doal – Anawim

Long history of working with Probation 3 offender managers benefits Breach High engagement rates, high completion of orders Extremely low re-offending rate of 3% for those

completing SA Orders

Co-location

Partnership SWMPT, Anawim & BSMHFT New team – specialist OM, Anawim caseworker &

Band 7 MHP Aim-to increase the use of the Mental Health

Treatment Requirement & create pathways into CMHTs

Mental Health Pilot

Integrated Offender Management (IOM) Information Sharing Joint visits Holistic approach Troubled Families Agenda IOM enforcement

Partnership Approaches

Provide a safe, gender specific environment Provide alternatives to custody Gender educated staff Holistic approach Partnership working to deliver your outcomes Office space for co-location

How can Women’s Community Services help?

Hand-outs

Questions?

Case Study

Joy [email protected]

Emma Stazaker – Chepstow [email protected]

Contact Details

EXPECTATIONS OF TRUSTS IN DELIVERING SERVICES FOR

WOMEN

Colin AllarsNational Offender Management

Service

COMMISSIONING FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH OUTCOMES

Nicola BengeBirmingham East & North PCT, NHS

Commissioning for Criminal Justice and Health outcomes

Nicola BengeNHS Cluster Director Public Health

Birmingham and Solihull

Choices?Why

WorryAbout

My Health

Commissioning for health:• Health is not about the absence of ill health• Its well being – physical, social, psychological

and mental• Its about supporting people to make the right

choice• Its about increasing access to good quality

care• Prevention

How do we reduce health inequalities• Biggest impact education• Early parenting• Early intervention• Keeping families together – where possible• Increase expectations• Reduce teenage pregnancies• Increase access to work and homes

Highly Vulnerable Women

• What's the view of health care?

• Supportive• Non judgemental

Violence to women and children –the NHS role

• Not a universal or systematic approach• Need to understand local need, not normalise• Early identification• Use of independent interpreters • Success and outcome measures

– Suicide– Mental health admissions– Addiction– Family cohesion– Education

Commissioning landscape

• Clinical commissioning groups• National commissioning boards• Local authority• Public health• JSNA• Health and well being boards

SAFE • Sex workers project• Sex trafficking has become a lucrative and ever

increasing problem for the City.• Those who sell sex have a range of complex

physical and mental health needs• The association between sex workers and

substance misuse is well known• It does not just have an impact on the women

but also her family, friends and community

Aims and Objectives• To make contact with sex workers across both markets via

targeted outreach provision• To provide a range of advice and information on sexual health and

substance misuse related issues• To provide clean injecting equipment and condoms• To help sex workers enter into structured treatment, and offer

counselling, prescribing services, health screening and access to detoxification/rehabilitation services– With outcomes that

• To reduce antisocial behaviour• To reduce the number of women engaging in sex work• To improve sexual health• To enable sex workers to become drug free and live meaningful

lives

Outcomes• Over the last 12 months:• The Outreach Team made contact with over 234

female sex workers . • The project helped 67% of women to disengage

from sex work. • 69% of clients ceased injecting• Distributed 4410 condoms.• 90 client attended GUM Clinics.• 63% of clients were tested for STI’s.• 38% of clients received dental work

Successes in joint commissioning

• Understanding what local women really want• Keep the focus on women and their families• Start to develop a shared language• What's the evidence, who are we missing?• Consistent story• Jointly funding – against broad definitions of

health

Thank You

Plenary Three : Commissioning and Co-commissioning

Do you have examples of productive co-commissioning for women; where are the opportunities ?

New Directions for Criminal Justice

CLOSING REMARKS

MIKE MAIDEN & JACKIE RUSSELL

Documents

WOMEN’S COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS A Strategic Discussion for Probation Trusts Tuesday 25 th September 2012