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WOMEN’S HEALTH IN ETHIOPIA: FACTS &
FIGURES
412
Maternal mortality
ratio
1.2%
HIV Prevalence among women
73%
Child delivery at home
86.1
Cancer Incidence Rates
per 100,000
January 2019
ealthy population is essential to achieving an empowered, inclusive and transformed Ethiopia, leaving no one behind. This powerful linkage between women’s health and development is valid worldwide.
Ethiopia has made strides especially in addressing maternal mortality, which has been halved between 1990 and 2010. However, the current mortality rate, 412/100,0001 is far from the SDG target of 70/100,000 by 2030. In addition to women’s structural health issues, breast and cervical constitute the most prevalent cancers in Ethiopia, among the entire adult population2.
Having accurate statistics on women’s health is essential to formulating and implementing the right mix of policies and programmes to meet their health needs.
This brochure provides insights into women’s main health issues in Ethiopia e.g. reproductive health; breast and cervical cancer; violence against women and girls, because of the related health issues and HIV/AIDS. It outlines the trend in women’s health care, the inequality in access to health services based on location and socio-economic status.
The brochure is made up of infographics to provide quick, simple yet compelling insights into women’s major health needs in Ethiopia along with self-contained messages on the latter.
INTRODUCTION
1 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 20162 The National Disease Prevention and Control Directorate (Federal Ministry of Health), 2017
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
4.62.3
5.2
4.8
4.6
4.82.6
5.5
UrbanNational Rural
Total fertility rate 15-49 years
2016
2011
5.42.4
6.0
5.42005
5.53.0
6.0
5.52000
Modern contraceptive methods are the most commonly used among married women in Ethiopia, and this has increased almost six fold from 2000 to 2016.
Any modern method
2000 2005 2011 2016
Current Use of Contraceptives among Married Women (%)
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Disaggregations by wealth, residence and education
13.6
11.3
26.5
24.4
23.5 12.2
Bottom 20% Top 20%
Urban Rural
Primary or no education
Secondary or Higher
Regional distribution of family planning unmet need in 2016 (%)
Tigray AfarAmharaOromia SomaliBen-Gumz SNNPGambela Harari Addis Ababa
Dire Dawa National
18.0 17.217.428.9 12.621.1 20.823.0 21.3 10.519.4 22.3
Unmet need for family planning among married women (%)
2016201120052000
22.326.336.136.6
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2000 - 2016
Total fertility rate by education level in 2016
2016
5.7
4.2
2.2
1.9
No education
Primary
Secondary
Higher
Trends of unmet family planning over the years
2009-2016
2030 SDG Target
2004-2011
1998-2005
1993-2000
Year
871
678
673
412
70
(DEATHS PER 100, 000 LIVE BIRTHS)
2013/2014
Hemorrhage Obstructed LaborHypertensiveDisorders ofPregnancy
SepsisAnemia
2014/2015 2015/2016 2016/2017 2017/2018
Despite a steady decline by 20% from 2006 to 2010, hemorrhage continues to be the main cause of maternal death in Ethiopia.
Source: Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) System, 2013-2018.
Maternal mortality ratio has decreased by more than half from 2000-2016 but further progress at accelerated pace is needed to reach the SDG target of 70 by 2030.
The share of live births taking place in health facilities has increased �vefold from 2000 to 2016. However, more than two-third still deliver at home.
Percentage of live births in the 5 years preceding the survey by place of delivery
Tigray
Afar
Amhara
Ormiya
Somali
BenshangulGumz
SNNP
Gambela
Harari
Addis Ababa
Dire Dawa
Nat ional 2005
2016
<0.1
1.5
95 94 90 73
5 5 10 26
2000 2005 2011 2016
Percentage of Women who have experienced obstetric �stula
Source: Demographic Health Survey, Ethiopia, 2000 - 2016
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2000- 2016
1.6
1.0
0.5
1.2
< 0.1
0.6
1.5
1.1
0.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
Causes of Maternal Mortality over Time (%)
Maternal mortality
HIV – Mother to Child Transmission (%)
Pregnant women have got antenatal care (ANC) from a skilled provider at least once in 2016
62
HIV +received ARV to reduce risk of MTCT
59
HIV exposed infants who recieved ARV prophylaxis
36
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016
58 5764
69
3235
4349
2000 2005 2011 2016
Men Women
Percentage men and women who have knowledge of HIV prevention methods (%)
HIV Prevalence by Sex and Region in 2016 (%)HIV
Men
Women
Somali
SNNP
Oromia
Amhara
Tigray
Afar
Ben-Gumz
Harari
Dire Dawa
Addis Ababa
Gambela
<0.1
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.7
1.2
0.3
1.3
1.3
2.2
3.7
0.1
0.5
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.6
3.5
3.5
4.2
5.7
Source: HIV Strategic Plan Mid Term review 20171.2 0.6
National HIV Prevalence in 2016
CANCERTop Four Breast and Cervical Cancer A�ected Regions
Cancer Incidence Rates (CIR) per 100,000 population and estimated number of cases in 2015 for the commonest cancer
types among women in Ethiopia
Source: Abate SM, Yilmaz, Assefa M, Tigeneh W (2016) Trends of Breast Cancer in Ethiopia. Int J Cancer Res Mol Mech 2(1): doi http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/2381-3318.121; Abate SM (2015) Trends of Cervical Cancer in Ethiopia. Cervical Cancer 1: 103. doi: 10.4172/2475-3173.1000101
Solomon Tessema Memirie, Mahlet Ki�e Habtemariam, Mathewos Asefa, Biniyam Tefera Deressa, Getamesay Abayneh, Biniam Tsegaye, Mihiret Woldetinsae Abraha, Girma Ababi, Ahmedin Jemal, Timothy R. Rebbeck, and Stéphane Verguet. “Estimates of Cancer Incidence in Ethiopia in 2015 Using Population Based Registry Data”, Journal of Global Oncology, 4: 1-11.
Breast Cervix UteriOvaryColorectalLeukemia Others
Source: Ethiopian Sara Survey, 2016
Availabilityof all items
Availability of essential items
72%
47%61%
2%
Trained Sta�
Serviceavailability
Service availability for cervical cancer screening
28.2
12.2
4.94.33.8
32.7
50
100
150
200
50
100
150
200
Addis Ababa Oromia Amhara SNNP1997 2012 1997 2012 1997 20121997 2012
Addis Ababa Oromia Amhara SNNP1997 2012 1997 2012 1997 20121997 2012
Number of Cervical Cancer Cases
Number of Brest Cancer Cases
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Share of Men and Women Justifying Wife Beating (%)
Proportion of women who experience violence
75
52 45
28
85 8168 63
2000 2005 2011 2016
Men Women Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation (%)
79.8 79.953.9
2000 2016 2000 2016
Urban Rural
HARMFUL PRACTICESBeforeage15
Beforeage18
Beforeage15
Beforeage18
Survey conducted on women 20-49 years
Survey conducted on women 25-49 years
Age at �rst marriage (%)
23.354.2
25.958.3
Women’s median age at marriage by educationAge at �rst marrage among Women 20-49 and 25-49Median age at �rst marriage
among women age 25-49
16.3 17.8 22.4 24.0
No education Primary Secondary More than secondary
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2000- 2016
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
23.3%10.1% 26.3% 33.8%
Ever experienced physical violence since age 15
Women who ever experienced sexual violence
Physical or sexual violence committed by husband/partner
Physical or sexual or emotional violence committed by
husband/partner
68.4
All forms of Violence
Intimate Partner Violence
2016
2016
2016