Women Nobel Prize Winners in Science

By: Beth Hooper Karlota Owen

Joanie Schmidt Brenda Shephard-Ross

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Table of ContentsMarie Curie 1867-1934By: Karlota OwenSlides 3 – 5

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1910-1994

By: Joanie SchmidtSlides 6 - 8

Barbara McClintock 1902-1992

By: Brenda Shephard-RossSlides 9 - 11

Gertrude Elion 1918-1999By: Beth HooperSlides 12 - 14

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Reference Slides 15 - 19

Marie CurieBorn Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw,

Poland on November 6, 1867Both of her parents were teachersIn 1891, Curie attended the

Sorbonne in Paris1893, received a Bachelor’s Degree

in Physics and MathematicsIn July 1895, She married Pierre

Curie, Professor in the school of Physics

In 1896, She received a Teacher’s Diploma 3

(Portrait of Marie Curie)

The Works of Marie CurieIn 1897, after publishing a paper

on the magnetism of steel, she began to study uranium

According to Pais (2006), she discovered that “Thorium oxide is even more active than metallic uranium”

In July 1898, with the help of her husband, Curie discovered and named Polonium

In December of 1898, they discovered and named radium

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(Portrait of Marie and Pierre Curie)

The Works of Marie Curie Cont.In 1903, Marie and Pierre Currie were

awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work with uranium, making her the first woman to win a Nobel Prize

Awarded the Davy Medal of the Royal Society

Became the Head of the Physics Laboratory at Sorbonne

In 1906, She became the first woman Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences

In 1911, She became the first woman to win a second Nobel Prize, this one in Chemistry

In 1934, She died of radiation poisoning

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(Portrait of Marie Curie in her

Chemistry lab)

Dorothy Crowfoot HodgkinBorn in Cairo on May 12, 1910Found an interest in chemistry

and crystals at the early age of 10

Took a special course in crystallography and did research in x-ray crystallography

Received her education in chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford

Obtained PH.D. at Cambridge University in 1937

Teacher in chemistry for women’s colleges and university lecturer 6

(Portrait of Dorothy Hodgkin)

The works of Dorothy Hodgkin“Hodgkin studied the

structures of cholecalciferol (vitamin D2) and lumisterol and, with C.H. Carlisle, she correctly analyzed cholesterol iodide, the first complex organic molecule to be determined completely by X-ray crystallography.” (Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot, (2008))

Working with x-ray analysis some of her discoveries were:Cholesterol in 1937Penicillin in 1945Vitamin B12 in 1954Insulin in 1969

Vitamin B12 Structure(Mills, 2008)

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The works of Dorothy Hodgkin Cont.

In 1964 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of the Vitamin B12 structure

In 1965 she was the second woman ever to receive the honor of being admitted to the Order of Merit

Lenin Peace Prize in 1987

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(Hodgkin with vitamin structure)

Barbara McClintockBorn in Connecticut on June

16, 1902Found a love for science while

in high schoolParents not fond of post high

school education for womenReceived her BS degree in

Botany in 1923/ from Cornell College of Agriculture

Barbara was awarded her Nobel Prize in 1983 in the category of Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of genetic transposition 9

(Portrait of Barbara McClintock)

The works of Barbara McClintock“She indentified two new

dominant and interacting genetic loci that she named Dissociator (Ds) and Activator (Ac)”. (http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock)

While studying the chromosomes of corn kernels she discovered that both loci could change positions or transpose on the chromosome

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(Barbara McClintock with Corn)

The works of Barbara McClintock Cont.During Barbara’s

research she showed how genes were responsible for turning physical characteristics on and off during transposition

Since women were not allowed to major in genetics Barbara earned her MA and PhD in botany

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(Barbara McClintock Postage Stamp)

Gertrude Elion (1918) Born in New York City to

immigrant parents.

(1941) Graduated with Masters from New York University in Chemistry.

(1944) Became assistant to George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome Co.

(1950) Synthesizes Purinethol a drug that cures childhood leukemia when used with drugs later developed.

(1959) Imuran an immunosupressant helps organ transplantation become a viable option for patients.

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Portrait of Gertrude Elion

Gertrude Elion’s Later Career (1969) Receives Honorary Doctorate from George

Washington University.

(1970’s) Helps create Zovirax, the first drug to treat viral infections.

(1984) Elion’s lab creates AZT the only AIDS drug treatment until the 1990’s.

(1988) Shares Nobel Prize with George Hitchings for their work on drug design and discoveries about chemotherapy.

(1999) Dies at the age of 81 in North Carolina.

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Other Notable Works:Zyloprim which is used in

the treatment of Gout.

Daraprim which was designed for the treatment of Malaria.

Septra which is used to combat meningitis, septicemia, and bacterial infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts.

Zovirax which is used for the treatment of viral herpes.

14 Gertrude Elion at her lab.

References[Barbara McClintock Postage Stamp]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock

[Barbara McClintock with Corn]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.fembio.org/images/uploads/WF-barbara-mcclintock.jpg

Burkhardt, C. (n.d.). Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. Retrieved January 12, 2010 from http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/hodgki.html

Citizendium.http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock [Web] Retrieved February 9, 2010

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. (2010). Retrieved January 21, 2010 from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/hodgkin-bio.html

Dorothy Hodgkin. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin

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References (Cont.)Froman, N. (1996, December 1). Marie and Pierre Curie and the

Discover of Polonium and Radium. Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/curie/index.html

[Gertrude Elion.](n.d.). Digital image. Academy of Achievement. Web. 14 Feb. 2010. <www.achievement.org>.

[Gertrude Elion.](n.d.). Digital image. Web. 14 Feb. 2010. <www.nobelprize.org>.

Glusker, J. P. (2006) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-1994). In N. Byers & G. Williams (Eds.). Out of the Shadows: Contributions of twentieth-century women to physics (pp 240-261). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot (1910-1994). (2008). In Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Retrieved from McGraw-Hill Access Science Encyclopedia of Science & Technology Online. Retrieved February 5, 2010 from http://www.accessscience.com

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References (Cont.)[Hodgkin with Vitamin Structure]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/A/V/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin.jpg

Jewish Women's Archive. "JWA - Gertrude Elion - Timeline." <http://jwa.org/exhibits/wov/elion/tmline.html> (February 14, 2010).

Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1988, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, [Nobel Foundation], Stockholm, 1989

Marie Curie. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-faq.html

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References (Cont.)Mills, B. (2008). [Stick model of cyanocobalamin]. Cyanocobalamin-

3D-sticks. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:cyanocobalamin-3D-stick.png

Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967. Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-bio.html

Pais, A. Marie Curie (1867-1934). In N. Byers & G. Williams (Eds.). Out of the Shadows: Contributions of twentieth-century women to physics (pp 43-54). New York: Cambridge University Press.

[Portrait of Barbara McClintock]. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttp://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/bio3/people/mcclintock.gif

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References (Cont.)[Portrait of Dorothy Hodgkin]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/Portraits/images/hodgkins2c.jpg

[Portrait of Marie Curie]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-faq.html

[Portrait of Marie and Pierre Curie] (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-photo.html

[Portrait of Marie Curie in her Chemistry lab] (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-photo.html

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