Women Empowerment Intro

8/13/2019 Women Empowerment Intro

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INTRODUCTION

WOMENS ROLE IN FAMILY

Women dutifully play the role of a mother, wife, daughter-in-law, sister and so on an so forth

within the household, she cooks for the households, cleans the household, fetches water, apart

from this she also cleans the milch animals, their sheds, milks the cow and supplies to milk co-

operatives and for the needy household. Between 6 to 7 am one can see the farm women in

the field after completing her routine above mentioned work.

In India 50 percent of the population is comprised of women. The role of women in economic

development of our country is as equally important as that of man. Rural women have been

actively paying various roles in supplementing the family economy. Moreover women were

considered to be the conservators of family traditions, apart from participating in domesticwork she is partner with male in productive work I agriculture and allied activities.

The rural women are excellent entrepreneur in agriculture and allied activities. For example,

the U.N. commission for Africa, reports that many parts of Africa, women have placed a major

role n production of food. They cultivate, weed and spend much time of milking and watering

the cows and taking care of sheep, goats and some of them transport animals.

Women are fully engaged in some task or the other which directly or indirectly contributed to

the family economy. Mechanization of agriculture, rural development programmers and market

oriented economy has accelerated the active participation of rural women at home and also in

agriculture and allied activities. But she is not economically empowered.

FEMALE PARTICIPATION RATE AND ITS NEED

In India, the female participation rate as labour force has been lower than male participation

rate because of the institutional barriers. In the advanced countries, economic development

had been accompanied with the elimination of institutional barriers and improved womens

participation in the economic activities. In our country, through development has taken placeconsiderably, it is not followed b increased participation of women in prodctive works.

Prosperity of a countruys economy is correlated with women participating in the process of

economic growth. The backwardness of the Indian women could be elucidated with reference

to illiteracy and low enrolment rations in the educational inistitution, the female school

enrolment ratios in inda are found to be lower than those of the advanced nations, there are

also differences in the levels of enrolment of male and femeale students. An educated


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housewife is less likely to provide a home atmosphere conducive to respect for education an

literacy, less likely to be an effective home builder, and less likely to be able to participate in

family planning programmes, an urgent need in most of the countries of Asia. Also according to

Lewis, the transfer of womens work from the household to commercial employment is one of

the most features of economic development.

Men and women are to be prepared equally for playing their roles in the process of economic

development. The idle women power has to be converted into the producing means of

production. The services of women have to be fully utilized for increasing the output of

different commodities and services. The empirical study indicates that the proportions of

female workers are less than those of males both in rural and urban areas. It shows the lower

participation rates of females in working force as compared to males. The participation rate in

productive works by the woman power is much lower in urban areas than in rural areas, but theproportions of male and female workers are more in rural area than in urban areas. Even

among males, the active labour force forms only a smaller ratio out of the persons in the

category of working age group. This ratio is still lower for females who are contributing very

little to the productivity of the country. Therefore, what is required is the mobilization of

woman power and its better utilization in improving the productivity of different sectors of the

economy.

HIGHER PARTICIPATION RATE: MALE WORKERS AND FAMILY CHARACTERS

The participation of males is absolutely as well as proportionately higher than the females in all

the economic activities. There are certain factors which determine the participation of women

in labour force. It has been explained by correa that, relatives scarcity of labour, per capita

income and economic structure also influence the participation of women in the labour force.

In India, there is no scarcity of labour and the per capita income is also very low. The limited

participation of women in productive works is mainly a sociological problem. The custom,

tradition, culture, religion, caste, etc, are acting against the active participation of women in

productive works. Only in recent times, the outlook of women has been changing towards

engaging themselves in employments and that is due to economic compulsory only. Improved

standard of living and investment in human capita can result in the increased participation of

women in the labour force. In the education of women, conflicts will tend to arise between

those who stress womens freedom of choice their need for more earning opportunities and

equality with men in pay and access to jobsand those who emphasize better services in home

and family, such as improved nutrition and hygiene for children. The pleas of the womens


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liberation movement are in conflict with the pleas of those who call for an improvement in the

specially femeinine roles of wife and mother.

The term manpower includes womanpower also. The evolution of women with some

progressive intension so do productive works is the most important societal change India needs

for the present. They could make revolutionary enhancement in the productivity of different

sectors with their active participation in the production process. With their enormous

productive potential, the woman could help to get better results with speedy economic

development. In the advanced economics, the second major group they have been able to draw

to increase their work force has been married women, primarily those living in metropolitan

communities.

HIGHER PARTICIPATION OF SCHEDULED CASTES WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE

The womens participation in the agriculture occupation is considerable and the reason being

the involvement of the scheduled castes women in farming operations. Out of sheer necessity

and economic compulsion, women of the weaker section of the village community are taking

up agriculture operations for trying to make both ends meet.

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN PRODUCTIVE WORKS: RURAL AND URBAN

In the rural sector women move shoulder to shoulder with men, even economically at par witthem and contribute the wellbeing of their households. When women move from lower to

higher areas of living, from rural to urban areas, the traditional division of labour between men

and women cases to exist.

In the primitive society, women worked with their men folk in agriculture, as well as in

household crafts and provided valuables assistance in family life. They joined their male

members of their families in cattle grazing, the processing of agriculture produce spinning, cloth

weaving, etc. At the same time, they prepared articles for family requirements, brought up the

children and cooked their meals.

COMPLEXITY OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN

Most of the women wage earners in village work out of compelling economic necessity and a

very large portion of these women are poverty ridden, women have considerable potential

both in agriculture production and in other service activities and hence they should be involved

in the development process. Efforts should be made to reach men and women of difference


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socio-economic levels, castes and communities and made them involved in some productive

works. This would help for the development of vulnerable sections of farm and nonfarm

population, women and children.

WOMANPOWER OF INDIAN PERSEPTIVE

In india women constitute 54.16

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