WLAN acc. RED - Rohde & Schwarz · listed in the „NANDO“ list WLAN acc. RED; Test Method Examples. List of Notified Bodies 14 2017-05-08-Downloaded-List-of-NBs-index.pdf External

WLAN acc. RED

Wireless devices:

Normative requirements and test cases when

operating in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band

WLAN acc. RED; Test Method Examples 2

Introduction

Declaration of Conformity

Market Surveillance

Notified Bodies

Essential Requirements

Test Methods

Declaration of Conformity

3

Applied harmonized standardsand or other technical specifications

Who declares?

What item?

Identification of the apparatus

..in conformity with directive……2014/35/EU (=LVD)2014/53/EU (=RED)

Notified Body (NB) involved in conformity assessment

2014/30/EU (=EMCD)

Applicable for radio equipment: NB must be involved if the harmonized standard used is not referring to art. 3.2 of 2014/53/EU, if no harmonized standard is used, if test methods are changed, etc.The manufacturer can do the conformity assessment without NB, if in every respect a harmonized standard with referrence to RED can be applied.

From June 13, 2017 no reference to R&TTE any more!

WLAN acc. RED; Test Method Examples

Declaration of Conformity Example by Google

4

Who declares?

What item?

Identification of the apparatus

..in conformity with directive……2014/35/EU (=LVD)2014/53/EU (=RED)

Notified Body (NB) involved in conformity assessment

2014/30/EU (=EMCD)

Notified Body with ID #0560 =

On page 2 � Applied harmonized standards and or other technical specifications

Telefication B.V. also trading under the names KiwaTelefication and Kiwa EMCEdisonstraat 12A6902 PK ZEVENAARNetherlands


Declaration of Conformity Example by Google

5

Applied harmonized standardsand or other technical specifications

Draft version of standards are considered as „other technical specifications“.

Overview for selected standards


Declaration of Conformity Example by Fujitsu with Photos

6

There has no NB been involved in the conformity assessment.

The head lines help to refer to the essential requirements of the RED in a more structured way.


Advanced Search in ETSI Portal

7WLAN acc. RED; Test Method Examples

Advanced Search in ETSI Portal


Advanced Search \ Technical Body \ BRAN


Advanced Search: Details and Download


Advanced Search: Details and Download \ Current Status


Advanced Search: Details and Download \ Current Status


RED, Article 4: Information on the Compliance

13

DoC

REDArt. 3

Conformity Assessment

Result=DoC

Combination of Radio Equipment &

Software

Precisly identified combination ofradio equipment and software

Art. 17

Annex VI

Essential Requirementsof Art. 3 are met

yes no

including dated reference to..harmonized standard or

to other technical specification

Precondition

- Test Reports- Documentation

- Solutions adopted to meetthe essential requirements

- and more

Manufacturer(sole responsible)

Notified bodies can be approached for consultance, testing, conformity assessment.NBs must be registered with a number and listed in the „NANDO“ list


List of Notified Bodies

14

2017-05-08-Downloaded-List-of-NBs-index.pdf

External file


Market Surveillance by TCAM / ADCO

15

ADCO / TCAM

Check of test reports,Check of DoCsPurchase of radio equipmentTest of radio equipment

Regulators of the EU + EFTA member states

DoCDUT identificationList of applied standards

Investi-gates

on random

Mismatch?Indication and

information exchangebetween member states

The last ADCO report has been a summary of the investigations of following 23 members:

Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom

TCAM: Telecommunication Conformity Assessment and Market Surveillance Committee. 3+ meetings per year.

ADCO: Group of ADministrative CooperationADCO supports and complements work of TCAM.Common data base.


Essential Requirements: How the Harmonized Standards refer to RED articles 3.x

16

Article 3 of 2014/53/EU

Essential Requirements

Specific(art. 3.3)

Health &Safety

(art. 3.1a)

Radio(art. 3.2)

EMC (art. 3.1b)

If the radio equipment complies to anapplicable harmonized standardwith reference to directive 2014/53/EU then the radio equipment is presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements set out in article 3.2 of the RED.

If the radio equipment complies to an applicable harmonized EMC standardwith reference to directive 2014/53/EU then the radio equipment is presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements set out in article 3.1 b of the RED.

Article 3 of the RED has an „umbrella“ function.


Art. 3.2 for Radio

Scenario for DoC

17

R&TTE = 99/5/EC

Art. 3.1 (b) for EMC

Art. 3.2 for Radio

Art. 3.1 (b) for EMC

H.S.Version

xy

Scenario Description:

Harmonized Standard Version xy refers to R&TTE

New version >xy already published.before 13 June 2017..

H.S.Version

>xy

before 13 June 2017 *) 13 June 2017

Target Date: Citation in the Official Journal of the EU

H.S. Version xy can be applied

H.S. Version >xy to be applied

*) individual date per standard

RED = 2014/53/EU

ETSI Work Programme

See description below!

STOP!No reference to R&TTEfor market placements from June 13, 2017.

Reference to …

Reference to …


Test Methods

18

In order to show conformity with the essential requirements set out in the radio part (in art. 3.2) of the RED typically following test methods can be applied. The individual harmonizedstandard specifies technical parameters, limits, etc. where applicable.

Summary from H. Mellein, R&S News 215


19

Test Methods

Wireless devices:

Normative requirements and test cases

when operating in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band


20

Examples of wireless equipment


21

Why is Regulation necessary?

Regulation

radiated electromagnetic waves as Radio Frequencies are limited natural resources

� therefore usually the usage of electromagnetic waves is right of the state

governmental applications

civil applications

ITU regulates all frequencies from 9 kHz to 400 GHz


22

The role of ISM Bands

Intended emissions• Radio communication• Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) equipment ISM

Unintended emissions• household appliances, electric tools, electrical lighting, automotive,

information and telecommunication technology, and multimedia equipment, radio and TV receivers EMI


EU Directive 2014/53/EU

23

RED


24

Data transmission equipment operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band 5 GHz high performance RLAN


ETSI EN 300 328

Test Cases

25

RF output power

Duty cycle, Tx-sequence, Tx-gap

Accumulated Transit Time, Frequency Occupation and Hopping Sequence

Hopping Frequency Separation

Medium Utilization (MU) factor

Adaptivity

Occupied Channel Bandwidth

Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain

Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain

Receiver spurious emissions

Receiver Blocking

Geo-location capacity


ETSI EN 301 893

Test Cases

26

Center Frequencies

Nominal Channel Bandwidth and occupied Channel Bandwidth

RF output power, Transit Power Control (TPC) and power density

Transmitter unwanted transmissions

Receiver spurious transmissions

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)

Adaptivity

Receiver Blocking

User Access Restriction

Geo-location capacity


RF Output Power

ı a fast power sensor suitable for 2.4 GHz and capable of 1 MS/s must be used. ı The measurement duration is defined for both non-adaptive and adaptive equipment, in order to

improve accuracy. While either the radiated or conducted measurement method can be used, they all need to follow similar data acquisition steps to obtain the results. For conducted measurement on devices with one transmit chain � sample the transmit signal, and store the raw data� For conducted measurements on devices with multiple transmit chains � measurements

need to be made at all transmit ports simultaneously, and the power of the individual samples of all ports needs to be stored and summed.

� For radiated measurements, the DUT must be configured and antenna(s) positioned for maximum e.i.r.p. levels towards the measuring antenna, including smart antenna systems and systems capable of beam forming. The fast power sensor is also required for the measurement; a spectrum analyzer should not be used.


RF Output Power

ı The start and stop times of each burst are stored, and should be used to calculate the RMS (Root Mean Square) power over the burst period. The maximum e.i.r.p. calculation to determine the RF Output Power (P) sums three measured values, the highest Pburst value (A), antenna assembly gain (G) and the additional beam forming gain (Y), as given by the formula:

P = A + G + Yı The required measurement time is equipment dependent and could be more than 12s. ı Example: 830 hopping frequencies x 15ms dwell time = 12450ms ı With 1MS the data to handle is 12.45 million measurements per port. 49.8 million

measurements for a four port MIMO device


RF Output Power



ı shall only be performed for non-adaptive equipmentı For each burst calculate the product of (Pburst / 100 mW) and the TxOn time. Pburst is expressed

in mW. TxOn time is expressed in ms

MU = (P / 100 mW) × DC

ı Medium Utilization is the sum of all these products divided by the observation period (expressed in ms). This value, which shall comply with the limit shall be recorded in the test report.

ı If operation without blacklisted frequencies is not possible, the power of the bursts on blacklisted hopping frequencies (for the calculation of the Medium Utilization) is assumed to be equal to the average value of the RMS power of the bursts on all active hopping frequencies.





ı shall only be performed for non-adaptive equipmentı The start and stop times are defined as the points where the power is at least 30 dB below the

highest value of the stored samplesı The observation period is equal to ‘the average dwell time multiplied by 100’ or ‘the average

dwell time multiplied by 2 times the number of hopping sequences (N)’ (whichever is greater)ı Duty Cycle (DC) is the sum of all TxOn times between the end of the first gap (which is the start

of the first burst within the observation period) and the start of the last burst (within this observation period) divided by the observation period

ı For equipment using blacklisting, the TxOn time measured for a single (and active) hopping frequency shall be multiplied by the number of blacklisted frequencies. This value shall be added to the sum calculated above.

ı For non-adaptive FHSS equipment, the Duty Cycle shall be equal to or less than the maximum value declared by the manufacturer. In addition, the maximum Tx-sequence time shall be 5 mswhile the minimum Tx-gap time shall be 5 ms.




Power spectral density

ı Connect the DUT to the spectrum analyzer and use the specified settingsı Repeat the measurement for each of the transmit ports. For each sampling point (frequency

domain), add up the coincident power values (in mW) for the different transmit chains and use this as the new data set

ı Add up the values for power for all the samples in the file using the formula below:

�� = ∑ ��

with k being the total number of samples and n the actual sample numberı Normalize the individual values for power (in dBm) so that the sum is equal to the RF Output

Power (e.i.r.p.) measured beforeı Starting from the first sample PSamplecorr(n) (lowest frequency), add up the power (in mW) of

the following samples representing a 1 MHz segment and record the results for power and position (i.e. sample #1 to sample #100). This is the Power Spectral Density (e.i.r.p.) for the first 1 MHz segment which shall be recorded.


Power spectral density


Accumulated Transit Time, Frequency Occupation and Hopping

Sequenceı The output of the transmitter shall be connected to a spectrum analyzer or equivalent. The

analyzer shall be set as specified.ı Identify the data points related to the frequency being investigated by applying a thresholdı Count the number of data points identified as resulting from transmissions on the frequency

being investigated and multiply this number by the time difference between two consecutive data points

ı The result is the Accumulated Transmit Time which shall comply with the limit and which shall be recorded in the test report

ı Complying with the Frequency Occupation requirement:� Make the following changes on the analyzer and repeat the steps

Sweep time: 4 × Dwell Time × Actual number of hopping frequencies in use Example : 4 x 10ms x 830 = 33.2s, with 32000 sweep points of the analyzer the resolution is < 1ms, bursts may be 100µs or less � HD measurement required



ı Standard gives two optionsı The output of the transmitter shall be connected to a spectrum analyzer or equivalent. The

analyzer shall be set as specified.ı Use the marker function of the analyzer to define the frequencies corresponding to the lower -

20 dBr point and the upper -20 dBr point for both hopping frequencies F1 and F2. This will result in F1L and F1H for hopping frequency F1 and in F2L and F2H for hopping frequency F2. These values shall be recorded in the report

ı Calculate the center frequencies F1C and F2C for both hopping frequencies using the formulas below. These values shall be recorded in the report

�1� =��

� �2� =

��

�

ı Calculate the Hopping Frequency Separation (FHS) using the formula below. This value shall be recorded in the report

�� = �2� − �1�



ı Compare the measured Hopping Frequency Separation with the limit defined. In addition, for non-Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, the Hopping Frequency Separation shall be equal to or greater than the Occupied Channel Bandwidth

FHS ≥ Occupied Channel Bandwidth


Adaptivity

ı The DUT shall connect to a companion device during the test. The interference signal generator, the unwanted signal generator, the spectrum analyzer, the DUT and the companion device are connected using a set-up equivalent to the example given below


Adaptivity

ı Configure the DUT for normal transmissions with a sufficiently high payload resulting in a minimum transmitter activity ratio (TxOn / (TxOn + TxOff)) of 0,3. Where this is not possible, the DUT shall be configured to the maximum payload possible.

ı Using the defined procedure, it shall be verified that, for equipment with a dwell time greater than the maximum allowable Channel Occupancy Time, the DUT complies with the maximum Channel Occupancy Time and minimum Idle Period defined

ı During the testing, a Wide Band noise signal is injected into the DUT’s antenna port, such as an interference signal centered on the hopping frequency or the operating frequency being tested. The interference signal must be a band limited noise signal that has a flat PSD.


Adaptivity


Adaptivity


Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domainı This measurement is performed by using the Time Domain Power Measurement function on a

spectrum analyzerı The measurement detector is set for RMS, and at least 5000 sweep points are required. The

measurement frequency range depends on the DUT’s Operating Bandwidthı With a Resolution Bandwidth of 1 MHz and SPAN set to 0 Hz, the Time Domain Power

measurement needs to be repeated at each center frequency that is 1MHz from the edge of each defined ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band frequency range

ı Similar to the RF output power measurement, the declared antenna assembly gain “G” in dBimust be added to the results for each of the 1 MHz segments

ı For equipment with multiple transmit chains, the measurements need to be repeated for each of the active transmit chains. The highest value in each 1 MHz segment is the highest transmitter spurious emissions in the OOB domain

ı Final measurement in time domain power means setting markers to start and end of each individual burst and evaluate it

ı Example: 20MHz WIFI � 240 measurements with several bursts in each measurement


Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain



ı In a first step a pre-scan is performed to identify the emissions over the range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and over the range 1GHz to 12,75GHz

ı After that the individual unwanted emissions identified during the pre-scan measurements are accurately measured. This method assumes the spectrum analyzer has a Time Domain Power function.

ı Set a window where the start and stop indicators match the start and end of the burst with the highest level and record the value of the power measured within this window. If the spurious emission to be measured is a continuous transmission, the measurement window shall be set to match the start and stop times of the sweep

ı The value shall be compared to the defined limits




Receiver spurious emissions

ı In a first step a pre-scan is performed to identify the emissions over the range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and over the range 1GHz to 12,75GHz

ı After that the individual unwanted emissions identified during the pre-scan measurements are accurately measured. This method assumes the spectrum analyzer has a Time Domain Power function.

ı Set a window where the start and stop indicators match the start and end of the burst with the highest level and record the value of the power measured within this window. If the spurious emission to be measured is a continuous transmission, the measurement window shall be set to match the start and stop times of the sweep

ı The value shall be compared to the defined limits


Receiver blockingı Measurement requirement may provide the biggest challenge for compliance. Since this testing

is a new requirement most equipment and manufacturers do not have readily available test setup and firmware to support this testing.

ı To properly exercise and evaluate this testing customers must be able to monitor Packet Error Rate (PER), ideally conducted through the antenna port, on all data rates/ modes of operation.


Receiver blocking

ı For non-frequency hopping equipment, the UUT shall be set to the lowest operating channelı The blocking signal generator is set to the first frequency as defined in the appropriate table

corresponding to the receiver category and type of equipmentı With the blocking signal generator switched off, a communication link is established between

the DUT and the associated companion device using the shown test setup. ı The attenuation of the variable attenuator shall be increased in 1 dB steps to a value at which

the minimum performance criteria as specified is still met. The resulting level for the wanted signal at the input of the DUT is Pmin. This signal level (Pmin) is increased by the value provided in the table corresponding to the receiver category and type of equipment

ı The blocking signal at the DUT is set to the level provided corresponding to the receiver category and type of equipment. It shall be verified and recorded in the test report that the performance criteria is met

ı Repeat for each remaining combination of frequency and level for the blocking signal


Channel Access Mechanism


Channel Access Mechanism


Measurement Quality


Measurement Quality


Manufacturers’ responsibilities

under the REDV1.9.1 weglassen


55

OSP-B157

Spectrum Analyzer

Signal Generator

Vector Signal Generator

System Design: Overview

WMS32 & EMC32-K97x Software and Controller


56

TS8997 new Module OSP-B157W coming soon


Documents

WLAN acc. RED - Rohde & Schwarz · listed in the „NANDO“ list WLAN acc. RED; Test Method Examples. List of Notified Bodies 14 2017-05-08-Downloaded-List-of-NBs-index.pdf External