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Without reference, identify basic facts about hospital safety practices pertaining to
biological, chemical and fire hazards with at least 70 percent accuracy.
SAFETY OBJECTIVE
Fire Behavior Fire Triangle
Items required toSupport combustion
FuelOxygenHeat
Remove any one item and the fire goes out
FIRE SAFETY
Fire Types Type A
Flammable solids Type B
Flammable liquids Type C
Energized electronics Type D
Flammable metals
FIRE SAFETY
Types of Fire Extinguishers Water
Known as APW (Air Pressurized Water) extinguishers Used on type “A” fires only
Carbon Dioxide Filled with carbon dioxide gas Used for class B and C fires only
FIRE SAFETY
Dry Chemical Usually designed for class ABC fires Also called ABC extinguishers Most common type
FIRE SAFETY
Chemical forms and exposure hazards All chemicals exist in 3 basic forms:• Solid - dust and fumes• Liquid - vapors and mist• Gas
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Hazards• Physical - cause explosion, fires, violent chemical
reactions or other hazardous situations• Health - cause illness or injury when inhaled or
swallowed, or contact with the eyes or skin Exposure routes
Breathing/inhalation Skin/eye contact Skin absorption Swallowing/ingestion
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Degree of hazard depends upon: Toxicity of the chemical - low, medium, high Exposure route - more toxic by one route than
another Dosage - how much, long, often for exposures Individual differences• Work practices• Age and size• General physical and emotional health• Allergies and sensitivities• Level of exertion
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Types of physical and health hazards Physical Hazards• Compressed gases• Explosives
• Fire hazards• Pyrophorics - ignite in air below 130° F• Flammable liquids - ignite below 100° F• Combustible liquids - ignite between 100-200° F• Oxidizers - supply the O2 required to start or support
a fire
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Unstable/reactive chemicals Decomposition hazards - easily break up into simpler
substances Polymerization hazards – self react, causing heat Water reactive - react violently with water
Health Hazards Irritants - cause redness/itching Corrosives- eat away flesh Cryogenics - freeze tissue
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Organ/system specific Reproductive hazards
Mutagens - damage genes in egg or sperm cellsTeratogens - damage fetus during development
Sensitizers - cause allergic-like responses Carcinogen - cause cancer
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Controlling Chemical Hazards Engineering Controls• Substitution - steam instead of solvent• Isolation• General ventilation• Local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)• Protective gloves and clothing• Eye and face protection• Air purifying respirators• Air supplied respirators
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Administrative Controls Documentation, information, training Work practices Housekeeping Monitoring - check effectiveness of other controls
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Must contain
Name, address, phone number of company Name of chemical material as it appears on the
warning label Health hazards of the chemical including signs and
symptoms of exposure precautions for safe handling and use Any applicable control measures
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Labels and Hazardous Chemical Inventory HAZCOM standard requires the use of labels that
include Name and identity of the chemical that matches the
inventory and MSDS All appropriate hazard warnings
Transport containers that are filled and emptied in the same shift do not need labels
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Hospital infection control procedures must cover: Equipment Personnel Work Site and Tools
Equipment general precautions Equipment will be cleaned by USER prior to being
accepted for maintenance, especially:• Equipment that is contaminated with body fluids• Equipment used in isolation rooms
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Items that cannot be properly cleaned before turn in, i.e. internal spills, will be disassembled and cleaned using personal protective equipment
Areas within the hospital that merit more stringent equipment precautions Laboratory Surgery Laminar Flow Hoods
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Includes:• Gloves• Mask• Scrubs• Eye shields
Gloves• Wash hands before and after use• Disposable• Ensure no skin is exposed
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Protective apparel Disposable coverall or a solid front gown
Long sleeves and tight fitting cuffs Not worn outside work area Changed immediately if Contaminated• Shoe and hair covers
Work site• Work area should have eyewash fountain or sink and
appropriate first aid equipment if hazardous materials are present or used
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Tools• Ensure tools are in good repair• Clean tools after use, especially when working on
contaminated or equipment suspected of contamination
• No eating at bench while performing repair• Report any mishaps immediately
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY