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With a partner near you…
• On a sheet of paper in your notes, come up with what you think defines a mineral. Make a list of properties.
• What makes a mineral different from a rock?
What is a Mineral?
What is a mineral?
• Solid
• Not liquid, gas, or plasma
What is a mineral?
• Naturally-occurring
• Not man-made
What is a mineral?
• Inorganic
• Never alive
What is a mineral?
• Fixed chemical composition: an element or a compound
What is a mineral?
• Crystal structure: atoms or molecules in an orderly pattern
Examples of minerals
Quartz
Halite (rock salt)
Mica
Not minerals
Most minerals are compounds
• Quartz: silicon and oxygen –SiO2
–Most abundant in earth’s crust
• Halite: sodium and chloride –NaCl
Native Minerals
• Made up of single elements
Copper
Gold
SulfurSilver
Important Mineral Facts…
• There are more than 2,000 kinds of minerals, but fewer than 20 are common minerals that form rock
• 10 minerals make up 90% of the earth’s crust
• Ex. Quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite
2 Main Groups of Minerals
• Silicates
• Non-Silicates
Silicates
• They contain atoms of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).
• Forms a tetrahedron (see drawing)
• Many contain one or more kind of atom
• Ex. Feldspar – silicon and oxygen with potassium
• SiO2 - Quartz• *96% of the crust is made of
silicates
Non-silicates
• 6 Groups
#1 Native Elements
• One type of atom
#2 Halides
• K, Na, or Ca cation, with a Cl or F anion
Halite (NaCl)
#3 Sulfides
• Contains S atom
Pyrite (FeS2)
#4 Carbonates
• Contains CO3 as part of the compound
#5 Sulfates
• Contains SO4 as part of the compound
Gypsum (CaSO42H2O )
Gypsum Caves
• Largest Crystals in the World are found in Northern Mexico in the Cave of Crystals
Cave of Crystals Video
Oxides• Contains O atom except for silicates,
carbonates, and sulfates.
Hematite (Fe2O3 )