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May 10, 2018
FollowUpReportonFoodandHousingInsecurities–WisconsinHOPELabStudy
Background
2Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
• Ongoingresearchinhighereducationhasshedlightontheprevalenceoffoodandhousinginsecuritiesamongstcollegeanduniversitystudents.
• ThreenationalstudieshavebeenconductedbytheWisconsinHOPELabtobetterunderstandthesechallenges.
• Findingsfromthesestudiessuggestbasicneedsinsecuritycannegativelyinfluencestudents’abilitytolearn,develop,andsucceedincollege.
• Thestudiesconcludethatinstitutional,state,andnationalpoliciesshouldworktoaddressthebarrierspresentedbypovertyinordertoimproveeducationalsuccess.
SurveyHistory
3Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
• ThefirsttwostudiesconductedbytheHOPELabfocusedoncommunitycollegestudents,whiletheirmostrecentstudyexpandedtoincludestudentsfromfour‐yearuniversities
• HungrytoLearn,2015• Surveyed4,000studentsat10communitycolleges
• SDCCDrepresented4ofthe10communitycolleges• Foundthat39%ofrespondentsreportedloworverylowfoodsecurity,52%
werehousinginsecure,and13%experiencedhomelessness
• HungryandHomelessinCollege,2016• Surveyed33,000studentsat70communitycolleges• Foundthat56%ofstudentsexperiencedloworverylowfoodinsecurity,51%
werehousinginsecure,and14%experiencedhomelessness
• StillHungryandHomelessinCollege,2017• Surveyed43,000studentsfrom66institutionsacrossthenation
• 31communitycolleges• SDCCDrepresented4oftheparticipantcolleges
• 35four‐yearuniversities• Foundthat36%ofuniversitystudentsand42%ofcommunitycollege
studentsexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,46%werehousinginsecure;12%ofcommunitycollegestudentsand9%ofuniversitystudentsexperiencedhomelessness
BasicNeedsSecurityMeasures
4Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or the ability toacquire such foods in a socially acceptable manner. Themost extreme form is often accompanied with physiological sensations of hunger.
Housing insecurity includes a broader set of challenges such as the inability to pay rent or utilities or the need to move frequently.
Homelessness means that a person is without a place tolive, often residing in a shelter, an automobile, an abandoned building, or outside.
NationwideOutcomes
5Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
• Foodinsecurity• 36%ofuniversitystudentswerefoodinsecureinthe30days
precedingthesurvey.• 42%ofcommunitycollegestudentswerefoodinsecure,compared
to56%inthe2016study.
• HousingInsecurity• 36%ofuniversitystudentswerehousinginsecureinthelastyear.• Housinginsecurityaffected46%ofcommunitycollegestudents,
comparedto51%inthe2016study.
• Homelessness• 9%ofuniversitystudentswerehomelessinthelastyear.• 12%ofcommunitycollegestudentswerehomeless,comparedto
14%inthe2016study.
NationwideOutcomes(Continued)
6Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
• Thedataindicatethatbasicneedsinsecuritiesdisproportionatelyaffectmarginalizedstudentsandareassociatedwithlongworkhoursandhigherriskofunemployment.
• Thelevelofacademiceffort,inandoutsidetheclassroom,isthesameregardlessofwhetherornotstudentsaredealingwithfoodandhousinginsecurity.
• Itiscriticallyimportanttomatchstudentcommitmentswithadequatesupporttoensurestudentsuccessanddegreecompletion.
SDCCDOverallOutcomes
7Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
City College
Mesa College
Miramar College
Continuing Education
2017 Food Insecure
2015 Food Insecure
56%
44%
44%
39%
36%
40%
42%
28%
Housing insecure* 53% 46% 40% 49%
Some form of homelessness* 15% 12% 10% 10%
All three forms of basic needs insecurity
9% 8% 7% 6%
*Note:Duetochangesinsurveyinstruments,onlythefoodinsecuritymeasureissuitableforcomparison
SurveySample
8Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
Note: Response rates were too low for findings to be considered representative of the general college populations.
City College
201participants
6.1% response rate
Mesa College
226participants
6.8% response rate
Miramar College
190participants
5.8% response rate
Continuing Education
103participants
3.1% response rate
• Invitationstocompletethequestionnaireweresentbyemailto3,300studentsfromeachofthecollegesandContinuingEducation
ParticipantProfile
9Sources: Wisconsin HOPE Lab and SDCCD Information System
44%56%
33%
66%
26%
71%
Male Female
Gender
SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey
7%
37%
16%
31%
5%5%
28%
16%
27% 24%
11% 14%
5%
54%
15%
Black Hispanic Asian White Mixed/Other
Ethnicity
SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey
20% 23%13%
40%
27% 23%14%
36%35%25%
14%
26%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
Age
SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey
ParticipantProfile(Continued)
10Sources: Wisconsin HOPE Lab and SDCCD Information System
50% 50%37%
63%
45%55%
Yes No
PellGrantRecipient
SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey
7%
93%
10%
90%
5%
95%
Yes No
MilitaryStatus
SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey
2%
98%
3%
97%
4%
96%
Yes No
FosterCareStatus
SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey
FoodInsecurity11
FoodInsecurityOverall
12Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
Studentswereclassifiedashavinglowfoodsecurityiftheyansweredaffirmativelyto3‐4oftheitemsbelow,andclassifiedashavingverylowfoodsecurity iftheyansweredaffirmativelyto6‐10oftheitemsbelowwithinthetimeperiodspecified.
Food Insecurity Inventory (In the Past 30 Days)
IworriedwhethermyfoodwouldrunoutbeforeIgotmoneytobuymore.
Icouldn'taffordtoeatbalancedmeals.
ThefoodthatIboughtjustdidn'tlastandIdidn'thavemoneytogetmore.
Didyouevercutthesizeofyourmealsorskipmealsbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?
Didyouevereatlessthanyoufeltyoushouldbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?
Wereyoueverhungrybutdidn'teatbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?
Didyouevercutthesizeofyourmealsorskipmealsbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?(For3 ormoredays)
Didyouloseweightbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?
Didyouevernoteatforawholedaybecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?
Didyouevernoteatforawholedaybecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?(For3 ormoredays)
FoodInsecurityOverall
13Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity:
36%
20%
CityCollege
Very Low Low
29%
15%
MesaCollege
Very Low Low
22%
14%
MiramarCollege
Very Low Low
29%
13%
ContinuingEducation
Very Low Low
FoodInsecuritybyGender
14Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,bygender:
35%
48%
Male Female
MesaCollege
41% 42%
Male Female
ContinuingEducation
36% 37%
Male Female
MiramarCollege
57% 55%
Male Female
CityCollege
FoodInsecuritybyEthnicity
15Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,byethnicity:
62%
59%
54%
34%
65%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
CityCollege
57%
43%
37%
37%
54%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
MesaCollege
14%
45%
42%
29%
36%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
MiramarCollege
45%
46%
43%
43%
32%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
ContinuingEducation
*Note:Groupswith5orlessstudentshavebeensuppressedfromcharts
FoodInsecuritybyAge
16Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,byage:
55% 59%67%
52%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
CityCollege
32%
58%
47% 44%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
MesaCollege
28%
39% 39% 38%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
MiramarCollege53%
50%
38%
21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
ContinuingEducation
FoodInsecurityCollegeComparison
17Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
56%
44%
36%42%
43%
City College Mesa College Miramar College Continuing Education
FoodInsecurity
Other 2‐YearInstitutions
HousingInsecurity18
HousingInsecurityOverall
19Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
Studentswereclassifiedashousinginsecureiftheyansweredaffirmativelytoatleastoneoftheitemsbelowwithinthetimeperiodspecified.
Housing Insecurity Inventory (In the Past 30 days/Past 12 months)
Hadarentormortgageincreasethatmadeitdifficulttopay
Movedinwithotherpeopleduetofinancialproblems
Didnotpayfullamountofutilities
Livedwithothersbeyondtheexpectedcapacityofthehousing
Didnotpayfullamountofrentormortgage
Movedtwoormoretimes
HousingInsecurityOverall
20Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants:
53%
44%
CityCollege
Past Year Past Month
46%
37%
MesaCollege
Past Year Past Month
40%
32%
MiramarCollege
Past Year Past Month
49%44%
ContinuingEducation
Past Year Past Month
HousingInsecuritybyGender
21Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,bygender:
39%
50%
Male Female
MesaCollege
45%49%
Male Female
ContinuingEducation
49%56%
Male Female
CityCollege
41% 40%
Male Female
MiramarCollege
HousingInsecuritybyEthnicity
22Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
64%
50%
38%
53%
65%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
CityCollege
57%
46%
30%
46%
52%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
MesaCollege
57%
46%
45%
33%
31%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
MiramarCollege
36%
58%
53%
50%
40%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
ContinuingEducation
*Note:Groupswith5orlessstudentshavebeensuppressedfromcharts
PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byethnicity:
HousingInsecuritybyAge
23Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
38%
54%64% 61%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
CityCollege
28%
45%
56%63%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
MesaCollege
28%35%
57% 53%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
MiramarCollege67%
50%44%
21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
ContinuingEducation
PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byage:
HousingInsecurityCollegeComparison
24Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
53%
46%40%
49%46%
City College Mesa College Miramar College Continuing Education
HousingInsecurity
Other 2‐YearInstitutions
Homelessness25
HomelessnessOverall
26Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
Studentswereclassifiedashomeless iftheyansweredaffirmativelytoatleastoneoftheitemsbelowwithinthetimeperiodspecified.
Homeless Inventory(In the Past 30 Days/Past 12 Months)
Notknowingwhereyouweregoingtosleep,evenforonenight
Stayedinanabandonedbuilding,car,otherplacenotmeantforhousing
Thrownoutofhome
Stayedinashelter
Evictedfromhome
HomelessnessOverall
27Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants:
15%
8%
CityCollege
Past Year Past Month
13%
7%
MesaCollege
Past Year Past Month
11%
6%
MiramarCollege
Past Year Past Month
10%
6%
ContinuingEducation
Past Year Past Month
HomelessnessbyGender
28Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
8%
15%
Male Female
MesaCollege
13%10%
Male Female
ContinuingEducation
13%16%
Male Female
CityCollege
13%
9%
Male Female
MiramarCollege
PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,bygender:
HomelessnessbyEthnicity
29Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
14%
19%
8%
6%
17%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
CityCollege
14%
7%
7%
10%
23%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
MesaCollege
14%
17%
11%
5%
13%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
MiramarCollege
*Note:Groupswith5orlessstudentshavebeensuppressedfromcharts
27%
12%
0%
8%
8%
Black
Hispanic
Asian
White
Mixed/Other
ContinuingEducation
PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byethnicity:
HomelessnessbyAge
30Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
15% 15%12%
18%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
CityCollege
5%
21%19%
13%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
MesaCollege
10%8% 9%
13%
18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
MiramarCollege27%
20%
7%
21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30
ContinuingEducation
PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byage:
HomelessnessCollegeComparison
31Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
15%
13%11% 10%
12%
City College Mesa College Miramar College Continuing Education
Homelessness
Other 2‐YearInstitutions
StudentHardships
32
StudentHardships
33Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
SDCCDstudentsexperiencedhardshipsinthepastyearthatimpactedtheirbasicsecurity:
46%
24%
9%
5%
1%
Borrowed from friends/family to pay bills
Account in default or collections
Left household because unsafe
Thrown out of home by someone in household
Summoned to appear in housing court
CityCollege
38%
15%
9%
7%
3%
Borrowed from friends/family to pay bills
Account in default or collections
Left household because unsafe
Thrown out of home by someone in household
Summoned to appear in housing court
MesaCollege
33%
11%
5%
3%
2%
Borrowed from friends/family to pay bills
Account in default or collections
Thrown out of home by someone in household
Left household because unsafe
Summoned to appear in housing court
MiramarCollege
33%
13%
5%
4%
0%
Borrowed from friends/family to pay bills
Account in default or collections
Thrown out of home by someone in household
Left household because unsafe
Summoned to appear in housing court
ContinuingEducation
StudentHardships
34Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab
54%
47%
43%
38%
City Mesa Miramar Continuing Education
ReceivedPublicAssistanceintheLastYear
CampusSupportServicesforStudentFoodandHousingNeeds
35
StudentSupport
36
• ThecollegesandContinuingEducationmaintainalistoflocalresourcestoprovideinformationtostudentsinneedofshelterorameal.
• Emergencyfoodresourceshavebeenestablishedateachofthecollegestosupportstudents’abilitytoconcentrateandsuccessfullycompletetheirclasses:
CityCollege
• CreatedaFoodPantrythatsupportsenrolledstudentsinneedbyprovidingfree,pre‐packageditemssuitableforanon‐campuslunchormeal.
• TheFoodPantryisoperatedbystudentinternsandsupportedthroughdonationsfromthestaffandfacultyofCityCollege,communitypartners,privateindividuals,neighbors,andfriends.
StudentSupport(Continued)
37
MesaCollege
• EstablishedTheStand,whichprovidesfreefoodandproducetostudents.
• PartneringwithFeedingSanDiegotofacilitateamonthlyfarmersmarkettoprovidefruitsandvegetablestotheMesaCollegecommunity.
• DevelopinganMOUwithSanDiegoFoodBankinordertoexpandthefarmersmarketresourcesandprovidenonperishablemealitems.
• PartneringwithCalFresh toprovideresourcesandsupporttoourstudentstoapplyforCalFresh resources.
StudentSupport(Continued)
38
MiramarCollege
• EstablishedaFoodPantrytoprovidestudentswithnonperishablefooditems,toiletries,andgentlyusedclothing.
• Hostedmealsoncampusperiodicallyprovidingstudentswithahotmeal.
• ContinuingEducation
• SanDiegoHHSAOutstations:CalWORKs/CalFresh Eligibility.• FormedpartnershipswithProjectNewVillage,FeedingSan
Diego,andSanDiegoRescueMission.• SupportSDCEats FoodPantryandFarmer’sMarket
• ASBAnnualFoodDrive