Wireless Networks in Libraries Workshop Slides.ppt

Wireless Wireless LibrariesLibraries

Bill DrewBill DrewSUNY Morrisville College LibrarySUNY Morrisville College [email protected]@BillDrew.Net

http://www.palinet.org/

Wireless Libraries -- Bill Drew Copyright 2004

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From Unshelved:


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Need help?Need help?• Have you been wondering Have you been wondering

when/whether your library should when/whether your library should consider adopting wireless consider adopting wireless technology? technology?

• Planning to remodel or build and Planning to remodel or build and need to understand the networking need to understand the networking options for the future, short- and options for the future, short- and long-term? long-term?


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Rules for this workshopRules for this workshop1.1. Ask questions! There are no stupid Ask questions! There are no stupid

questions.questions.2.2. Tell me to slow down if I go too fast.Tell me to slow down if I go too fast.3.3. Interrupt me to ask questions. Interrupt me to ask questions. 4.4. I don’t know everything so feel free I don’t know everything so feel free

to add your ideas.to add your ideas.


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What we will cover:What we will cover:• What is a Wireless What is a Wireless

Network?Network?• History.History.• How it works.How it works.• Standards & Standards &

TechnologiesTechnologies• SecuritySecurity• Why do it or possible Why do it or possible

uses?uses?

• Myths.Myths.• Some Wireless Some Wireless

DevicesDevices• Case Studies.Case Studies.• Considerations.Considerations.• Planning .Planning .• Resources.Resources.• The Future.The Future.


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What is a Wireless What is a Wireless Network?Network? Enables your device to stay Enables your device to stay

connected to your wired network connected to your wired network without a wire or network cable.without a wire or network cable.


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A Brief HistoryA Brief History• 1894 – Marconi 1894 – Marconi

experimented with experimented with radio waves.radio waves.

• 1901 – signals 1901 – signals transmitted across transmitted across the Atlantic.the Atlantic.

• 1942 – Frequency 1942 – Frequency Hopping Patent.Hopping Patent.

• 1939 - broadcast TV 1939 - broadcast TV started.started.

• 1945 – first public 1945 – first public mobile telephone.mobile telephone.

• 1971 - first wireless 1971 - first wireless LAN.LAN.

• 1977 – first cellular 1977 – first cellular phone system.phone system.

• 1982 – commercial 1982 – commercial cellular.cellular.

• 1990s – laptops and 1990s – laptops and PDAs.PDAs.

• 1997 – IEEE 802.11 1997 – IEEE 802.11 Standard.Standard.


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Hedy Lamar ConnectionHedy Lamar Connection• Wireless based on Wireless based on

an idea patented an idea patented by Hedy Lamar by Hedy Lamar and composer and composer George AntheilGeorge Antheil

• Frequency Frequency hopping or hopping or spread-spectrum.spread-spectrum.


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Parts of a WLANParts of a WLAN

Access Point (AP):

Wireless LAN transmitter/receiver that acts as a connection between wireless clients and wired networks.


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Parts of a WLANParts of a WLANNetwork Interface Card (NIC):

hardware installed in computing device that enables it to communicate on a network.


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How wireless worksHow wireless worksUsed with permission of ™ZDnet PC Magazine, March 28, 2000; ©2001http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/stories/reviews/0,6755,2482910,00.html


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Peer to PeerPeer to Peer• Two can talk to each other Two can talk to each other

without a formal networkwithout a formal network• Graphic courtesy of ProximGraphic courtesy of Proxim


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Client and Access PointClient and Access Point• Connecting to Connecting to

the LAN via the LAN via WLANWLAN

• Graphic courtesy of ProximGraphic courtesy of Proxim


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Multiple Access Points Multiple Access Points • Multiple Access Points and RoamingMultiple Access Points and Roaming• Graphic courtesy of ProximGraphic courtesy of Proxim


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Extension Points Extension Points Graphic courtesy of ProximGraphic courtesy of Proxim


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StandardsStandards• 1997 - IEEE wireless standard : 802.11 1997 - IEEE wireless standard : 802.11 • Revised in 1999Revised in 1999

– 802.11a – Not yet widely used – here is why -802.11a – Not yet widely used – here is why -• 5 GHz range is not available in every country 5 GHz range is not available in every country • segments controlled by military segments controlled by military • segments used for other purposessegments used for other purposes

– 802.11b – widely used802.11b – widely used• 2.4 GHz range is globally available2.4 GHz range is globally available• Speeds up to 11 Mbps Speeds up to 11 Mbps


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802.11 Standards802.11 Standards• 802.11a - 5GHz- ratified in 1999802.11a - 5GHz- ratified in 1999• 802.11b - 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz, ratified in 1999802.11b - 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz, ratified in 1999• 802.11d - World Mode and additional regulatory 802.11d - World Mode and additional regulatory

domains - ratifieddomains - ratified• 802.11e - Quality of Service – voice, video802.11e - Quality of Service – voice, video• 802.11f - Inter-Access Point Protocol - 802.11f - Inter-Access Point Protocol -

interoperability among different vendorsinteroperability among different vendors• 802.11g - Higher Data rate (>20 Mbps) 2.4GHz – 802.11g - Higher Data rate (>20 Mbps) 2.4GHz –

approved in July 2003approved in July 2003• 802.11h - Dynamic Frequency Selection and 802.11h - Dynamic Frequency Selection and

Transmit Power Control mechanismsTransmit Power Control mechanisms• 802.11i - Authentication and security (approved 802.11i - Authentication and security (approved

July 2004)July 2004)


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IEE 802.11 b most widely IEE 802.11 b most widely used in U.S.used in U.S.

• Ratified as Standard in Sept, 1999.• 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz, Direct Sequence • 11 US channels• Virtually approved for world wide use


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IEE 802.11a IEE 802.11a • Ratified as Standard in Sept, 1999• Provides similar technology to HiperLAN2• Data rates to 54 Mbps defined• Provides 8 indoor WLAN channels• Regulations differ extensively across countries


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IEEE 802.11gIEEE 802.11g – – •Approved June 2003 by IEEE•Provides higher data rates @ 2.4 GHz•Similar speeds as 802.11a•Backward compatible with 11 Mbps (802.11b)•Wi-Fi Alliance approved many products


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Other Standards:Other Standards:Hiperlan/1 and /2 - ETSIHiperlan/1 and /2 - ETSI

• 5 GHz wireless network.5 GHz wireless network.• supports ATM and Ethernet.supports ATM and Ethernet.• Compatible with IEEE 802.11a.Compatible with IEEE 802.11a.• Potentially 53 Mbps.Potentially 53 Mbps.• Primarily a European standard.Primarily a European standard.


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• ports ATM and Ethernet.ports ATM and Ethernet.• Compatible with IEEE 802.11a.Compatible with IEEE 802.11a.• Potentially 53 Mbps.Potentially 53 Mbps.• Primarily a European standard.Primarily a European standard.


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Other Standards- Other Standards- BluetoothBluetooth

• 2.4 GHz wireless network.2.4 GHz wireless network.• range - about 30 feet and range - about 30 feet and

speed - 2 Mbps.speed - 2 Mbps.• focused on home and focused on home and

personal area networks personal area networks (HANs and PANs)(HANs and PANs)

• Connects all the digital Connects all the digital gadgets one has to other gadgets one has to other digital gadgets.digital gadgets.

• wireless personal wireless personal network (wPAN) focusing network (wPAN) focusing on the “personal on the “personal operating space”operating space”

• good alternative for good alternative for localized wireless localized wireless network.network.

Courtesy of ABA Legal Technology Resource Center


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Technologies Technologies • InfraredInfrared

– line of site onlyline of site only– 3 feet to 20 feet3 feet to 20 feet– Usually limited to single roomUsually limited to single room

• Radio FrequencyRadio Frequency– Pass through most obstaclesPass through most obstacles– 150-300 feet from access point150-300 feet from access point– Indoors, outdoors and building-to-buildingIndoors, outdoors and building-to-building

Courtesy of ABA Legal Technology Resource Center


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TechnologiesTechnologies• Frequency Hopping v. Direct Frequency Hopping v. Direct

SequenceSequence– DSSS transmits data fasterDSSS transmits data faster

• FHSS limited to 2 MbpsFHSS limited to 2 Mbps– DSSS more resistant to interferenceDSSS more resistant to interference– DSSS has higher potential bandwidthDSSS has higher potential bandwidth– DSSS now best option for 802.11bDSSS now best option for 802.11b


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Wireless SpectrumWireless Spectrum

2.4 GHz 5.8 GHz902 MHzInstrumentation Scientific Medical (ISM) Bands of Radio Spectrum

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Why do it?Why do it?


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Why do it or Possible Uses Why do it or Possible Uses (Part 1)?(Part 1)?

• Flexible configuration of rooms using laptops.Flexible configuration of rooms using laptops.• Allow users to bring in their own wireless Allow users to bring in their own wireless

devices.devices.• Can be cheaper than wired.Can be cheaper than wired.• Fast installation.Fast installation.• Greater productivity and service.Greater productivity and service.• U.S. – twice as many wireless devices as PCs U.S. – twice as many wireless devices as PCs

(Forrester Research).(Forrester Research).


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• Access networked resources at meetings.Access networked resources at meetings.• Extend virtual reference desk to all users .Extend virtual reference desk to all users .• Allow myLibrary service users to keep their Allow myLibrary service users to keep their

myLibrary on their own device. myLibrary on their own device. • Enhance experience of users in study groups.Enhance experience of users in study groups.• Provide printing from anywhere in the library.Provide printing from anywhere in the library.• Place computers where needed not just where Place computers where needed not just where

there is wire.there is wire.


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• Web based camera to send video back over Web based camera to send video back over network for security.network for security.

• Wireless devices for OPAC queries and other Wireless devices for OPAC queries and other access.access.

• Bar coding and other scanning (shelf reading, Bar coding and other scanning (shelf reading, inventory).inventory).

• Allow reference staff to roam with access to Allow reference staff to roam with access to network and library resources.network and library resources.

• Circulate laptops / PDAs with wireless.Circulate laptops / PDAs with wireless.


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Security: Look out Security: Look out for Piratesfor Pirates• Current protocol uses Current protocol uses Wired Wired

Equivalent Privacy algorithm, or Equivalent Privacy algorithm, or WEPWEP

• Weaknesses of WEP:Weaknesses of WEP:– Signals not encrypted.Signals not encrypted.– Anyone walking by with proper Anyone walking by with proper

equipment could use the network.equipment could use the network.Source: Zdnet News:Source: Zdnet News:http://zdnet.com.com/2100-11-527906.html?legacy=zdnnhttp://zdnet.com.com/2100-11-527906.html?legacy=zdnn


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Security – what to do?Security – what to do?From From Secure your WLAN by Chris Kozup, Zdnet Tech Update, Dec. 28, 2001; Secure your WLAN by Chris Kozup, Zdnet Tech Update, Dec. 28, 2001; http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/ 0,14179,2835133,00.htmlhttp://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/ 0,14179,2835133,00.html

1.1. Audit: know location of all access Audit: know location of all access points.points.

2.2. Authentication: require all users to log Authentication: require all users to log in. Treat same as physical network. in. Treat same as physical network. Can use Kerberos, LDAP, RADIUS, etc.Can use Kerberos, LDAP, RADIUS, etc.

3.3. Confidentiality: encrypt your data . Confidentiality: encrypt your data . Can be done using VPNs (virtual Can be done using VPNs (virtual private networks).private networks).


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Security SolutionsSecurity Solutions• 802.11i- new security standard802.11i- new security standard

– Provides new encryption and Provides new encryption and authentication schemes.authentication schemes.

– Available Now from a few vendors.Available Now from a few vendors.• Third party solutions available now Third party solutions available now


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Selected Recommendations from NISTSelected Recommendations from NIST

1. Develop a security program.

2. Have a complete inventory of all access points.

3. Change default settings on access points.

4. Enable all security features of your WLAN.

5. Use encrypted authentication and VPNs.

6. Consider using a firewall between WLAN and rest of network.


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W.E.P. ? - W.E.P. ? - Wired Equivalent Privacy

Uses 10 or 26 character key password

•Difficult to set up

•Most equipment requires entering hexadecimal codes:

•64A7BFCFC3104A0B98841C3545

•Must be entered on every computer & access point on the network


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W.P.A.? - W.P.A.? - Wi-Fi Protected Access

•Uses password ( pre-shared key) – can use regular text to enter it. Use 12 characters or more!•Uses the key to generate new keys on other devices on the network.•Part of Wi-Fi certification of equipment since Sept. 2003. All equipment on network should meet that certification. Older equipment may require software update.•Set up for WPA may be hidden. Look for it!


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Myths Myths (from Larry Glover – with permission)(from Larry Glover – with permission)

• It won't work.It won't work. • It costs too much.It costs too much. • I don't know how to hook up a wireless I don't know how to hook up a wireless

network.network. • Anybody can read my data or hook into my Anybody can read my data or hook into my

network.network. • Planes, trains, truckers on their CBs, and Planes, trains, truckers on their CBs, and

storms will cause my network signal to storms will cause my network signal to break up.break up.


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MythsMyths• Only works in metal free buildings.Only works in metal free buildings. • Unreliable.Unreliable. • Too slow to surf the web.Too slow to surf the web. • ? ?


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Some Wireless DevicesSome Wireless Devices

Compaq iPAQ 3650

•Thin, lightweight, design with brilliant color screen.

•Audio record and playback – Audio programs from the Web, MP3 music, or voice notations

•Rechargeable battery that gives up to 12 hours of battery life

•Ethernet wireless card optional.

•32 MB RAM.


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Some Wireless DevicesSome Wireless Devices

Compaq iPAQ 3650


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Some Wireless DevicesSome Wireless Devices• Windows CE 3.0 device Windows CE 3.0 device • aimed at original aimed at original

equipment equipment manufacturers sell it manufacturers sell it under their own brand. under their own brand.

• built-in wireless local built-in wireless local area network support.area network support.WebDT 380


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Some Wireless DevicesSome Wireless DevicesIBM ThinkPad IBM ThinkPad

with Raylink with Raylink Ethernet cardEthernet card

http://www.pc.ibm.com/us/thinkpad/

http://www.raylink.com/


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Some Wireless DevicesSome Wireless Devices• Palm VIIxPalm VIIx• 6.7 oz.6.7 oz.• 8 MB.8 MB.


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Case StudiesCase Studies• Indiana State UniversityIndiana State University• Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public Library• Morrisville College LibraryMorrisville College Library• Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochester Institute of Technology• University of Colorado, Health Sciences University of Colorado, Health Sciences

Center, Denison LibraryCenter, Denison Library• Laman Public Library, North Little Rock, Laman Public Library, North Little Rock,

ArkansasArkansas

Library Mobile Computing Library Mobile Computing ProjectProject(Project Mercury)(Project Mercury)

Indiana State University LibraryIndiana State University Library

Windows Media Audio/Video file

Copyright ISU Library


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ISU BackgroundISU Background• Comprehensive Comprehensive

universityuniversity

• 11,000 students11,000 students

• Students from rural Students from rural areas and lower areas and lower socioeconomic socioeconomic backgroundsbackgrounds



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ISU LibraryISU Library• Current building opened in 1973.Current building opened in 1973.• Over 1 million volumes on five Over 1 million volumes on five

floors.floors.• Graduate and faculty carrels are Graduate and faculty carrels are

not currently networked.not currently networked.• Over 60 databases available Over 60 databases available

through the library home page.through the library home page.


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The Mobile Project PlanThe Mobile Project Plan

• Mobile Project Plan.Mobile Project Plan.

• Planned workstation Planned workstation syncing prototype. syncing prototype.

• Investigate wireless Investigate wireless LAN’s. LAN’s.



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Project Plan Goals & Project Plan Goals & ObjectivesObjectives

• Team approach.Team approach.• The goals.The goals.• Problems encountered.Problems encountered.

– Networking.Networking.– Security.Security.– Usability.Usability.– Costs.Costs.


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ScenarioScenario

• A patron enters the library and using a A patron enters the library and using a mobile computing device, the patron:mobile computing device, the patron:– searches the on-line catalog, searches the on-line catalog, – interacts with others on the network interacts with others on the network – takes and records notestakes and records notes– Locates books and other materialsLocates books and other materials



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ScenarioScenario

• Parts 1 and 2 – Install wireless networkParts 1 and 2 – Install wireless network– Part 1 – “wire” faculty carrelsPart 1 – “wire” faculty carrels– Part 2 – “wire” rest of buildingPart 2 – “wire” rest of building

• Part 3 – Test handhelds and PC cardsPart 3 – Test handhelds and PC cards• Part 4 – Set up mobile web sitePart 4 – Set up mobile web site• Part 5 – Install reference chat roomPart 5 – Install reference chat room• Part 6 – Develop book locator softwarePart 6 – Develop book locator software



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Setting up the networkSetting up the network

• Wireless network access in all faculty carrels. Wireless network access in all faculty carrels. – High potential for mobile device usage.High potential for mobile device usage.– Lower cost than wiring 54 carrels. Lower cost than wiring 54 carrels. – A combination of 802.11b components from Cisco A combination of 802.11b components from Cisco

and Compaq. and Compaq.



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Wireless LAN Site SurveyWireless LAN Site SurveyCopyright ISU Library


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Carrel Wireless CostsCarrel Wireless Costs

• Total hardware including 7 Cisco access Total hardware including 7 Cisco access points, and 10 wireless cards: $8,123.00.points, and 10 wireless cards: $8,123.00.

• Total installation costs including wiring, Total installation costs including wiring, and power: $2,100.00.and power: $2,100.00.

• We conducted the site survey ourselves to We conducted the site survey ourselves to determine the number and location of determine the number and location of access points.access points.



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Rest of Library Wireless Rest of Library Wireless CostsCosts• Total hardware including 17 Cisco Total hardware including 17 Cisco

access points, 8 Compaq access points, 8 Compaq PCI/software access points cost: PCI/software access points cost: $18,042.00.$18,042.00.

• Total installation costs including Total installation costs including wiring, and power: $5,100.00.wiring, and power: $5,100.00.


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Handheld SpecificsHandheld Specifics

• Compaq iPAQ 3650 PDA.Compaq iPAQ 3650 PDA.• Includes expansion pack Includes expansion pack

for PC cards.for PC cards.• Compaq WL100 wireless Compaq WL100 wireless

network card.network card.• Syncs via USB cradle to Syncs via USB cradle to

download workstation.download workstation.



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Handheld Costs Handheld Costs

• Compaq iPAQ handheld with Compaq iPAQ handheld with wireless cards and expansion packs wireless cards and expansion packs costs 2 @ $720.00: $14200.00.costs 2 @ $720.00: $14200.00.



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Scenario– Part4 – Scenario– Part4 – developing a web interface for handhelds only.



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Scenario Two, Part 5 – Scenario Two, Part 5 – Reference ChatReference Chat• While in the stacks, the student can ask a While in the stacks, the student can ask a

question of a staff member via chat question of a staff member via chat software.software.

• Used chat software which could be Used chat software which could be accessed from more than one accessed from more than one workstation.workstation.

• Restricted by IP authorization.Restricted by IP authorization.



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Scenario Two – Part 6Scenario Two – Part 6 Book Locator Book Locator

• While in the stacks the user can While in the stacks the user can search the catalog for a book, find search the catalog for a book, find a call number, then use Book a call number, then use Book Locator to determine which floor Locator to determine which floor and shelf the book occupies.and shelf the book occupies.


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ConclusionsConclusions• Mobile computing in Mobile computing in

the library is feasible the library is feasible and may serve users and may serve users better than wired better than wired networking in specific networking in specific cases.cases.

• The library is a good The library is a good place to prototype place to prototype mobile computing on mobile computing on campus.campus.


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Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public LibraryStatistics*Statistics*

• Founded 1822Founded 1822• Pop: 55,000Pop: 55,000• Circ: 497, 827Circ: 497, 827• Income: Income:

$2,921,166$2,921,166• Holdings: Holdings:

– Bks: 101,619Bks: 101,619– Per Subs: 463Per Subs: 463

From American library directory; : a classified list of libraries in the United States and Canada, with personnel and statistical data. New York,:Bowker. 2002.

http://www.lpl.org/general.html


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Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public Library• Partnering with Partnering with

school district.school district.• Uses same hardware Uses same hardware

as school.as school.• Accessible by Apple Accessible by Apple

Powerbook using an Powerbook using an Airport card.Airport card.



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Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public Library• Accessible also via Accessible also via

any Windows laptop any Windows laptop with a 802.11 with a 802.11 compatible card.compatible card.

• Students from high Students from high school can use their school can use their laptops in the public laptops in the public library.library.

• Also loan laptops.Also loan laptops.



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Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public Library"The goal of the laptop "The goal of the laptop

partnership is to give partnership is to give Liverpool Central School Liverpool Central School District students District students transparent access to transparent access to network resources using network resources using their laptops in the their laptops in the library." -- Library library." -- Library Director Sharon Director Sharon Nottingham.Nottingham.



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Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public Library• Costs:Costs:

– 10 blueberry iBooks: 10 blueberry iBooks: $14,990$14,990

– 10 Airport cards: $89010 Airport cards: $890– Airport base station: Airport base station:

$269. $269. – Cisco Access Point 340: Cisco Access Point 340:

$927.$927.– Bretford laptop storage Bretford laptop storage

cart : $464.cart : $464.• Able to use fund Able to use fund

balance, not budget.balance, not budget.



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Liverpool Public LibraryLiverpool Public LibraryUpdateUpdate

• Currently one Cisco 340 and Currently one Cisco 340 and three Apple AirPort access three Apple AirPort access points. points.

• Replace with new Cisco 1100 Replace with new Cisco 1100 series.series.

• 1100 supports VLANs and are 1100 supports VLANs and are upgradeable to future flavors of upgradeable to future flavors of 802.11 and hardware-based 802.11 and hardware-based security. Can also receive security. Can also receive power over Ethernet so no need power over Ethernet so no need to worry about electrical to worry about electrical outlets.outlets.



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Morrisville CollegeMorrisville College

• Residential college of agriculture and technology Residential college of agriculture and technology offering two- and four-year degrees in more than offering two- and four-year degrees in more than 70 academic programs and options.70 academic programs and options.

• Founded 1908Founded 1908

• Approximately 2,900 full time studentsApproximately 2,900 full time students

• More than 102 full-time facultyMore than 102 full-time faculty

• Mission: provide access to quality Post-secondary Mission: provide access to quality Post-secondary education to all who can benefit.education to all who can benefit.

http://www.morrisville.edu/thinkpad/index.htm


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Morrisville College Library: Morrisville College Library: The Laptop ProgramThe Laptop Program

• All in a laptop All in a laptop program get IBM program get IBM laptop (laptop (T40T40 )) and and Raytheon wireless Raytheon wireless cardcard

• Over 27 curriculumsOver 27 curriculums• Over 50% of the Over 50% of the

student bodystudent body• Can be covered by Can be covered by

financial aid.financial aid.

• 1.3 GHz Pentium-M Centrino 1.3 GHz Pentium-M Centrino Processor Processor (2.0 GHz equivalent)(2.0 GHz equivalent)

• Lithium Ion Battery Lithium Ion Battery • 512 MB of Memory512 MB of Memory• 2 USB Ports (v 2.0)2 USB Ports (v 2.0)• 40 GB Hard Drive40 GB Hard Drive• 14.1" TFT XGA Display14.1" TFT XGA Display• 56 K Modem56 K Modem• CDRW\DVD Combo DriveCDRW\DVD Combo Drive• 32 MB ATI Mobility Radeon 7500 32 MB ATI Mobility Radeon 7500 • 4.9 LBS total weight4.9 LBS total weight


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Morrisville College Morrisville College LibraryLibrary

• more than 90,000 books; 12,000 more than 90,000 books; 12,000 microfilms; 400 serial titles; 1,500 microfilms; 400 serial titles; 1,500 audio and video cassettes.audio and video cassettes.

• Open 82 hours per week.Open 82 hours per week.• OnLine Catalog: ALEPH 500OnLine Catalog: ALEPH 500• 5 full time librarians5 full time librarians• Online databases and full text Online databases and full text

resourcesresources• Wireless and network connections for Wireless and network connections for

usersusers


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Morrisville College VisionMorrisville College Vision“The State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology at Morrisville aspires to be an academically challenging , business-oriented, technology-focused entrepreneurial learning community.”


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Morrisville College: Network and Morrisville College: Network and Computing InfrastructureComputing Infrastructure

• Backbone : Gigabit Ethernet.Backbone : Gigabit Ethernet.• To the Desk Top: 10 base T (100 To the Desk Top: 10 base T (100

Megabit capable).Megabit capable).• All class rooms wired with at least one All class rooms wired with at least one

port.port.• All Faculty and Staff Offices wired.All Faculty and Staff Offices wired.• Wireless – all academic buildings and Wireless – all academic buildings and

dorms plus all dining areas. More to dorms plus all dining areas. More to follow.follow.


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Morrisville College: Network and Morrisville College: Network and Computing Infrastructure - WirelessComputing Infrastructure - Wireless

• Raytheon Raylink CardRaytheon Raylink Card• 2 Mb Shared (IEE 802.11 Standard)2 Mb Shared (IEE 802.11 Standard)• Covers entire collegeCovers entire college• 70 times faster than phoneline70 times faster than phoneline


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Morrisville College Library: Morrisville College Library: Conclusions & the FutureConclusions & the Future

• Changed Library Changed Library Instruction.Instruction.

• Redesigned website Redesigned website to better fit laptop.to better fit laptop.

• Librarians using Librarians using laptops and laptops and wireless.wireless.

• Proactive instead of Proactive instead of reactive.reactive.

• Opportunities not Opportunities not problems.problems.

• Participate in trials of Participate in trials of Pocket PCsPocket PCs

• Carry instruction to Carry instruction to the faculty and the faculty and students; not just in students; not just in the library any more.the library any more.

• Need to use the new Need to use the new technology ourselves.technology ourselves.

• Look at Bluetooth and Look at Bluetooth and other new things on other new things on the horizon.the horizon.


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Rochester Institute of Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)Technology (RIT)

•7 Colleges7 Colleges•12,500 students12,500 students•Diverse ProgramsDiverse Programs•AAS-Ph.D. programsAAS-Ph.D. programs•Career-OrientedCareer-Oriented•Technology basedTechnology based

Copyright RIT


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RIT: Wallace Library Stats RIT: Wallace Library Stats 2000-012000-01

• Holdings (vols.) Holdings (vols.) 400,000400,000• Staff Staff

• 44 permanent44 permanent• 120+ student workers120+ student workers

• Total Budget Total Budget $4.3 Million $4.3 Million • SubscriptionSubscription $800,000$800,000• BooksBooks $300,000$300,000• Electronic MediaElectronic Media $450,000$450,000

Copyright RIT


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RIT: Project DescriptionRIT: Project Description• Experiment with wirelessExperiment with wireless• Use LaptopsUse Laptops• Circulate from reserve deskCirculate from reserve desk• Test for campus wide useTest for campus wide use• Explore network management Explore network management

issueissue

Copyright RIT


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RIT: Project DescriptionRIT: Project DescriptionRequirementsRequirements

• Had to be:Had to be:– easy to useeasy to use– low maintenancelow maintenance– flexibleflexible– low cost low cost – scaleablescaleable

Copyright RIT


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RIT: WHY?RIT: WHY?• Mobility possibilitiesMobility possibilities• Cost of fixed connectionsCost of fixed connections• Service to usersService to users• Experience with the technologyExperience with the technology• Leadership on campusLeadership on campus

Copyright RIT


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RIT: HOW:RIT: HOW:the big picturethe big picture• Ad hoc group- Library and Ad hoc group- Library and

ComputingComputing• Environment scan- on/off campusEnvironment scan- on/off campus• Tied into the Bookstore Tied into the Bookstore • Test bed for broader initiativeTest bed for broader initiative• Raised general interest on campusRaised general interest on campus

Copyright RIT


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RIT: HOW:RIT: HOW:operational viewoperational view• Systems Support:Systems Support:

– floor coveragefloor coverage– IP allocations-DHCPIP allocations-DHCP– security on hubsecurity on hub– insuring software stabilityinsuring software stability– additional hardware/ suppliesadditional hardware/ supplies– software availabilitysoftware availability

Copyright RIT


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RIT: HOW:RIT: HOW: operational view operational view• Circulation SupportCirculation Support

– length of timelength of time– securitysecurity– replacement costreplacement cost– check out mechanicscheck out mechanics– Recharge/refreshRecharge/refresh

Copyright RIT


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RIT: ResultsRIT: Results

• Lots of useLots of use• Lots of good PRLots of good PR• Lots of visibility for the libraryLots of visibility for the library• Puts us on the wireless pathPuts us on the wireless path• Leverage space- after hoursLeverage space- after hours• Campus wide initiativeCampus wide initiative

Copyright RIT


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RIT: Results: Circulation of RIT: Results: Circulation of laptopslaptops• Checkouts Jan 1 -Sep 25, 2001Checkouts Jan 1 -Sep 25, 2001• > PC Laptop 1500> PC Laptop 1500• > MAC Laptop 400> MAC Laptop 400• roughly 220 a monthroughly 220 a month

Copyright RIT


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RIT: Lessons Learned: RIT: Lessons Learned: • Freedom/mobilityFreedom/mobility• Take advantage of laptopsTake advantage of laptops• Flexibility of space and Flexibility of space and

functionalityfunctionality• Low costLow cost• Increased serviceIncreased service• Experience with the technologyExperience with the technologyCopyright RIT


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RIT: Lessons LearnedRIT: Lessons Learned• Speed of connectionSpeed of connection• Changing fastChanging fast• Does cost time and moneyDoes cost time and money• Compatibility across other wireless Compatibility across other wireless

devicesdevices• Maintenance and user supportMaintenance and user support

Copyright RIT


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RIT: Lessons LearnedRIT: Lessons Learned• Sometimes it’s just luckSometimes it’s just luck• Timing importantTiming important• Tie into community importantTie into community important• Students are cleverStudents are clever• Students very receptive to the Students very receptive to the

serviceservice• Ahead of the user curveAhead of the user curveCopyright RIT


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RIT: FuturesRIT: Futures• Circulate cardsCirculate cards• Add more laptops and cheaper Add more laptops and cheaper

devicesdevices• Campus wide installationsCampus wide installations• Plan on upgradePlan on upgrade• Look at other standardsLook at other standards

Copyright RIT


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison LibrarySciences Center, Denison Library

• 8 Dell laptops with 8 Dell laptops with wirelesswireless access to the access to the Internet. Internet.

• Use own laptop on wireless network with card Use own laptop on wireless network with card purchased from library.purchased from library.

• Use own laptop after getting own card Use own laptop after getting own card registered in library.registered in library.


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless Getting to Wireless

• 1. Library Director informed Department Heads that CU 1. Library Director informed Department Heads that CU Technology Funds were available for small projects. Technology Funds were available for small projects.

• 2. Education/LRC Department Head asked for ideas from 2. Education/LRC Department Head asked for ideas from department staff and faculty. Proposal for Wireless Transmitters department staff and faculty. Proposal for Wireless Transmitters and 10 Laptops with NICand 10 Laptops with NICcards was chosen by Director and his cohorts in the Office of cards was chosen by Director and his cohorts in the Office of Academic Affairs as the most likely to be funded. Academic Affairs as the most likely to be funded.

• 3. Specific budget information is put together -- original budget 3. Specific budget information is put together -- original budget needed boosting since ESS wanted to be included.needed boosting since ESS wanted to be included.


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• 4. Proposal is co-written by Director of ESS and 4. Proposal is co-written by Director of ESS and Education/LRC Dept. Head and approved for funding.Education/LRC Dept. Head and approved for funding.

• 5. Campus Network Services gets involved They feel 5. Campus Network Services gets involved They feel that they need to approve the project and spend months that they need to approve the project and spend months on the following:on the following: - telling us that we don't really understand wireless & - telling us that we don't really understand wireless & that it won't work that it won't work - comparing and testing products - comparing and testing products - finally, they approve the very product that we had - finally, they approve the very product that we had originally proposed.originally proposed.


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• 6. Wireless Transmitters, Laptops, NIC 6. Wireless Transmitters, Laptops, NIC cards are ordered.cards are ordered.

• 7. Wireless Transmitters are installed in 7. Wireless Transmitters are installed in the library and tested ad infinitum.the library and tested ad infinitum.


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• 8. Education/LRC Department spends months 8. Education/LRC Department spends months getting the laptops with NIC cards to work getting the laptops with NIC cards to work with our network, creating borrowing rules, with our network, creating borrowing rules, creating instructional handouts, building a creating instructional handouts, building a Web page, and holding Brown Bag sessions to Web page, and holding Brown Bag sessions to introduce the service. introduce the service.


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless Getting to Wireless • 9. Announcing to our users that we're ready to 9. Announcing to our users that we're ready to

go...then waiting for people to check things go...then waiting for people to check things out. We announced this service the week of out. We announced this service the week of June 18 and we've had 4 checked out so far -- June 18 and we've had 4 checked out so far -- not bad for summer session.not bad for summer session.

• 10. Project Status Report will be presented to 10. Project Status Report will be presented to Library Director in December of this year.Library Director in December of this year.

Comments from E-mail exchange with Lisa Traditi, [email protected], Head, Comments from E-mail exchange with Lisa Traditi, [email protected], Head, Education and Learning Resources Center, Denison Library. Education and Learning Resources Center, Denison Library.


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library Sciences Center, Denison Library – – Possible UsesPossible Uses

• Work in quieter areas of the library, eg Study Rooms, Back StacksWork in quieter areas of the library, eg Study Rooms, Back Stacks • Search citation databases in close proximity to the Denison journals Search citation databases in close proximity to the Denison journals

collectioncollection • Save all your work to zip or floppy disks, eliminating the need to tote Save all your work to zip or floppy disks, eliminating the need to tote

your own laptopyour own laptop • Software includes MS Office 2000, Netscape, Internet ExplorerSoftware includes MS Office 2000, Netscape, Internet Explorer • Files may be saved to the c: drive, however the laptops will be Files may be saved to the c: drive, however the laptops will be

cleaned up and files removed on a weekly basis.cleaned up and files removed on a weekly basis. • Print to laser printer either in LRC or in 1st Floor Reference. 10¢/page Print to laser printer either in LRC or in 1st Floor Reference. 10¢/page

with copy cardwith copy card


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library Sciences Center, Denison Library – Policy – Policy

• Library Use Only!Library Use Only!• 4 hour checkout, renewable twice4 hour checkout, renewable twice • Checkout & Return in 3rd Floor LRC ONLY (not 1st floor Circulation Desk)Checkout & Return in 3rd Floor LRC ONLY (not 1st floor Circulation Desk) • Never leave a laptop unattendedNever leave a laptop unattended • Every component of the laptop will be checked out on our systemEvery component of the laptop will be checked out on our system including including

power cord, peripheralspower cord, peripherals • LAPTOPS MUST BE RETURNED AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE LIBRARY CLOSING.LAPTOPS MUST BE RETURNED AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE LIBRARY CLOSING. • Legally, the laptops fall under the same laws as anything else you check out Legally, the laptops fall under the same laws as anything else you check out

from the library. Laptops not returned will be sent to Collections. All users sign from the library. Laptops not returned will be sent to Collections. All users sign this statement when they get their library card:this statement when they get their library card:

"I acknowledge responsibility for library material borrowed on this card. I "I acknowledge responsibility for library material borrowed on this card. I understand that I am liable for lost or damaged items and that fines may be understand that I am liable for lost or damaged items and that fines may be assessed on overdue materials."assessed on overdue materials."

• Users are liable for damages beyond normal wear and tear.Users are liable for damages beyond normal wear and tear.


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library Sciences Center, Denison Library – Observations – Observations

• Connection speed seems faster than through conventional LAN Connection speed seems faster than through conventional LAN • Windows 2000 is very reliable compared with Windows 9x Windows 2000 is very reliable compared with Windows 9x • Nevertheless, it is a good idea to save early & save often, make backup copies Nevertheless, it is a good idea to save early & save often, make backup copies

of all files of all files • Batteries will not be issued at full charge. Laptops charge while plugged in; Batteries will not be issued at full charge. Laptops charge while plugged in;

they should charge for at least one hour before you work from the battery they should charge for at least one hour before you work from the battery alone. alone.

• Count on a full battery running the laptop for 2-3 hours Count on a full battery running the laptop for 2-3 hours • Switching peripherals takes practice. There are instructions for this process Switching peripherals takes practice. There are instructions for this process

included in the case. The CD-ROMs seem particularly tricky. The main problem included in the case. The CD-ROMs seem particularly tricky. The main problem with an incorrect switch is that the machine may lock up and you may lose with an incorrect switch is that the machine may lock up and you may lose data. A foolproof way to switch peripherals is to power down and switch, data. A foolproof way to switch peripherals is to power down and switch, instead of trying to hot-swap. instead of trying to hot-swap.

• The battery slots are different than the peripheral slots. You cannot put The battery slots are different than the peripheral slots. You cannot put anything but a battery in the battery slot. anything but a battery in the battery slot.

• Switching batteries is a different procedure from switching peripherals. Switching batteries is a different procedure from switching peripherals.


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University of Colorado, Health University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library Sciences Center, Denison Library – Conclusions – Conclusions

Conclusion from final report:Conclusion from final report:This project has proven that a wireless network is a viable solution to the mobile This project has proven that a wireless network is a viable solution to the mobile

needs of UCHSC users. needs of UCHSC users. The areas of frustration and delay on this project can be attributed to a lack of The areas of frustration and delay on this project can be attributed to a lack of

interdepartmental communication and trust. LRC faculty and staff had to interdepartmental communication and trust. LRC faculty and staff had to convince Information Systems staff that we were determined to go forward on convince Information Systems staff that we were determined to go forward on this project and that we had done our homework. Lack of communication this project and that we had done our homework. Lack of communication between Educational Support Services staff and LRC faculty and staff about between Educational Support Services staff and LRC faculty and staff about hardwire and peripheral requirements resulted in delaying the date when the hardwire and peripheral requirements resulted in delaying the date when the library could begin checking out the laptops. All of these issues could have library could begin checking out the laptops. All of these issues could have been resolved through improved relationships with all parties involved. Once been resolved through improved relationships with all parties involved. Once the hardware and network were fully installed, we have had very few the hardware and network were fully installed, we have had very few problems.problems.


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Laman Public LibraryLaman Public Library North Little Rock, Arkansas North Little Rock, Arkansas

Statistics*Statistics*

• Founded 1945Founded 1945• Pop: 64,388Pop: 64,388• Circ: 230,037Circ: 230,037• Income: Income:

$1,532,913$1,532,913• Holdings: Holdings:

– Bks: 141,881Bks: 141,881– Per Subs: 231Per Subs: 231

*From American library directory; : a classified list of libraries in the United States and Canada, with personnel and statistical data. New York,:Bowker. 2002.


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• Needed more Needed more computers but did not computers but did not want more furniture nor want more furniture nor more electrical wiring more electrical wiring nor more conduits.nor more conduits.

• Decided to go Decided to go “wireless”.“wireless”.


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• For library computers For library computers BreezeCom: 802.11B.BreezeCom: 802.11B.

• For “free” public network: For “free” public network: Linksys 802.11GLinksys 802.11G

• 4 different WLANs4 different WLANs– Patrons: patron owned Patrons: patron owned

Laptop/PDA to access Laptop/PDA to access InternetInternet

– OPAC & Internet access for OPAC & Internet access for patrons (library owned patrons (library owned desktop computers)desktop computers)

– Word processing for patrons.Word processing for patrons.– Circulation terminals/ staff Circulation terminals/ staff

use.use.


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• Future –Future –– Wireless bridge between Wireless bridge between

main library and branch.main library and branch.– Video, voice, dataVideo, voice, data– New computers will all be New computers will all be

on wireless networkon wireless network• Conclusions-Conclusions-

– No down sideNo down side


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ConsiderationsConsiderations• Cost - Per seat cost can be lower.Cost - Per seat cost can be lower.• Speed - slower than some Ethernet Speed - slower than some Ethernet

wired LANs (<100 Mbps); Potential of wired LANs (<100 Mbps); Potential of 802.11a is over 100 Mbps.802.11a is over 100 Mbps.

• Wireless bandwidth is less than wired.Wireless bandwidth is less than wired.• Reliability - limited points of failure.Reliability - limited points of failure.• Security – encryption. need to use same Security – encryption. need to use same

care as with wired network.care as with wired network.


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ConsiderationsConsiderations• Mobility - allows a user to move from access Mobility - allows a user to move from access

point to access point through a building point to access point through a building without losing connectivitywithout losing connectivity

• Compatibility - Products are PC focused and Compatibility - Products are PC focused and may not include Apple support.may not include Apple support.

• Interoperability - Interoperability - Wi-Fi certified (will work Wi-Fi certified (will work with other WiFi certified equipment).with other WiFi certified equipment).


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Planning – some qualifiersPlanning – some qualifiers• Few libraries Few libraries

willing to share willing to share planning planning experiences.experiences.

• Few planning Few planning resources resources available.available.

• Small libraries do Small libraries do not need formal not need formal planning planning documents(?).documents(?).

• Many libraries Many libraries part of larger part of larger institutions and institutions and piggy backed on piggy backed on their efforts.their efforts.


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Planning : LAN RequirementsPlanning : LAN Requirements• Coverage/MobilityCoverage/Mobility• Application Application

RequirementsRequirements• Number of UsersNumber of Users• End-User Device End-User Device

TypesTypes• Battery LongevityBattery Longevity

• System InterfacesSystem Interfaces• Information Information

SecuritySecurity• EnvironmentEnvironment• ScheduleSchedule• BudgetBudget

From : http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/tip/1,289483,sid7_gci509511,00.html


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Planning – Planning – 10 Step Program10 Step Program• From: “From: “Look Ma, No Wires! or The 10 Look Ma, No Wires! or The 10

Steps of Wireless Networking”Steps of Wireless Networking” by James L. "Larry" Glover ,

Computers in Libraries, Vol. 21, No. 3 March 2001

• Used with permission of Larry Glover and Computers in Libraries


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Planning – Planning – 10 Step Program10 Step Program

• Step 1. Measure the building. • Step 2. Map out your stationary computer stations

(i.e., four-top tables and such). • Step 3. Compute your distances vs. bandwidth needs

(and remember to find out what's in your wall construction).

• Step 4. Check with your software vendors for any known "issues" regarding wireless transmission of their data. (This is not really a problem with anything in the last 3 years.)


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Planning – Planning – 10 Step Program10 Step Program

• Step 5. Order hardware and assorted supplies. (Remember the assorted part.)

• Step 6. Pray to the gods of nerds and paychecks. • Step 7. Install. • Step 8. See step 6 again. • Step 9. Turn it on. • Step 10. Accept the praise of your colleagues and

patrons and that nice big new pay raise.


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Resources: Discussion Resources: Discussion Groups (LibWireless)Groups (LibWireless)

To subscribe, use the web form To subscribe, use the web form at: at:

http://people.morrisville.edu/~drewwe/http://people.morrisville.edu/~drewwe/wireless/libwireless.htmlwireless/libwireless.html


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Resources: Wireless Librarian Resources: Wireless Librarian WebsiteWebsite

• http://people.morrisville.edu/~drewwe/wireless/http://people.morrisville.edu/~drewwe/wireless/• Contains:Contains:

• Article bibliography; links to full text for some.Article bibliography; links to full text for some.• Book bibliographyBook bibliography• Useful linksUseful links• List of libraries with wireless networks with links.List of libraries with wireless networks with links.• Vendors with linksVendors with links

• Being replaced by Wireless Libraries Being replaced by Wireless Libraries blog.blog.


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http://people.morrisville.edu/~drewwe/wireless/http://people.morrisville.edu/~drewwe/wireless/


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Wireless Libraries BlogWireless Libraries Blog• http://wirelesslibraries.blogspot.comhttp://wirelesslibraries.blogspot.com


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http://wireless.lisnews.com/http://wireless.lisnews.com/


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Resources: Resources: Organizations -- Vendors, Organizations -- Vendors, Standards & TradeStandards & Trade

• WLANA (Wireless LAN Association) – www.wlana.org

• WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) – www.wirelessethernet.org

• More at: www.wlana.org/direct/matrix.htm


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The FutureThe Future• Wireless devices as the ultimate thin client.Wireless devices as the ultimate thin client.• Devices talking to each other.Devices talking to each other.• Costs coming way down below wiredCosts coming way down below wired• Librarians using laptops and wireless.Librarians using laptops and wireless.• Carry instruction to the user; not just in the Carry instruction to the user; not just in the

library any more.library any more.• Use the new technology ourselves.Use the new technology ourselves.• Look at Bluetooth and other new things on the Look at Bluetooth and other new things on the

horizon.horizon.


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The FutureThe Future• 802.11n, MiMo: Holds promise of 802.11n, MiMo: Holds promise of

increased speeds. Still not increased speeds. Still not approved by IEEE.approved by IEEE.

• WiMax – 802.16d – long range WiMax – 802.16d – long range wireless broadband. Will provide wireless broadband. Will provide the “last mile” connection. the “last mile” connection. Approved but not quite there yet.Approved but not quite there yet.


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Future GrowthFuture Growth


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Is this the future of wireless?

Documents

Wireless Networks in Libraries Workshop Slides.ppt