WIRELESS INTELLIGENTNETWORKING

(WIN)

FATİH ERTÜRK

2010514027

• Today's wireless subscribers are much more sophisticated telecommunications users

than they were five years ago. No longer satisfied with just completing a clear call,

today's subscribers demand innovative ways to use the wireless phone. They want

multiple services that allow them to handle or select incoming calls in a variety of

ways.Wireless Intelligent network is developed to drive intelligent network

capabilities such as service independence, separation of basic switching functions

from service and application functions and independence of applications from lower-

level communication details into wireless networks. The primary weapon for

empowering providers to deliver distinctive services with enhanced flexibility is

Wireless Intelligent Networks (WINs).

• In the 1980s it was considered a rare to see someone walking down the street and

talking on a wireless phone. The connections were not great but consumers were

thrilled with the new capability. Today it is more unusual when someone does not

have a cellular phone.

INTRODUCTION TO WIN

• (WIN) is a concept being developed by the Telecommunications Industry Association

(TIA) Standards Committee TR45.2. The charter of this committee is to drive intelligent

network (IN) capabilities, based on interim standard (IS)-41, into wireless networks. IS-41

is a standard currently being embraced by wireless providers because it facilitates

roaming. Basing WIN standards on this protocol enables a graceful evolution to an IN

without making current network infrastructure obsolete.

• Enhanced services are very important to wireless customers. They have come to expect,

for instance, services such as caller ID and voice messaging bundled in the package

when they buy and activate a cellular or personal communications service (PCS) phone.

Whether prepaid, voice/data messaging, Internet surfing, or location-sensitive billing,

enhanced services will become an important differentiator in an already crowded,

competitive service-provider market.

• Enhanced services will also entice potentially new subscribers to sign up for service

and will drive up airtime through increased usage of PCS or cellular services. As the

wireless market becomes increasingly competitive, rapid deployment of enhanced

services becomes critical to a successful wireless strategy.

• Intelligent network (IN) solutions have revolutionized wireline networks. Rapid

creation and deployment of services has become the hallmark of a wireline network

based on IN concepts. Wireless intelligent network (WIN) will bring those same

successful strategies into the wireless networks.

BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT NETWORKS

• The main benefit of intelligent networks is the ability to improve existing services

and develop new sources of revenue. To meet these objectives, providers require the

ability to accomplish the following:

1)Introduce new services rapidly

IN provides the capability to provision new services or modify existing services throughout

the network with physical intervention

2) Provide service customization

• Service providers require the ability to change the service logic rapidly and

efficiently. Customers are also demanding control of their own services to meet their

individual needs.

3) Establish vendor independence

• A major criterion for service providers is that the software must be developed

quickly and inexpensively. To accomplish this, suppliers must integrate commercially

available software to create the applications required by service providers.

4) Create open interfaces

• Open interfaces allow service providers to introduce network elements quickly for

individualized customer services. AIN technology uses the embedded base of stored

program-controlled switching systems and the SS7 network. The AIN technology also

allows for the separation of service-specific functions and data from other network

resources. This feature reduces the dependency on switching system vendors for

software development and delivery schedules. Service providers have more freedom

to create and customize services.

WIN SERVICES

• WIN services are related to AIN services. AIN was first introduced for the wireline

industry in late 1980’s. The best known AIN application is the "800 service" which opened

the door to a host of new services offered on a platform other than the switch. WIN,

enhancing the AIN concept with the mobility management aspect of wireless

communication, will offer services consistent with what wireline AIN offers. Furthermore,

WIN still needs to address:

• Personal and terminal mobility,

• Internetwork handoff,

• Security,

• Fraud prevention and detection.

1. HANDS-FREE, VOICE-CONTROLLEDSERVICES

• Voice-controlled services employ voice-recognition technology to allow the wireless

user to control features and services using spoken commands, names, and numbers.

There are two main types of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Speaker-dependent

requires specific spoken phrases unique to an individual user. Each user is required

to train the ASR system by recording samples of each specific phrase. The other is

speaker-independent ASR, which requires the use of specific spoken phrases that are

independent of the speaker. The individual user need not train the system.

2. VOICE CONTROLLED DIALING (VCD)

• VCD allows a subscriber to originate calls by dialing digits using spoken commands

instead of the keypad. VCD may be used during call origination or during the call

itself.

3. VOICE-CONTROLLED FEATURE CONTROL (VCFC)

• VCFC permits a calling party to call a special VCFC directory number, identify the

calling party as an authorized subscriber with a mobile directory number and

personal identification number (PIN), and specify feature operations via one or more

feature-control strings. This service is similar to remote feature control (RFC) except

that the subscriber is allowed to dial feature-control digits or commands using

spoken words and phrases instead of keypad digits.

4. VOICE-BASED USER IDENTIFICATION (VUI)

• VUI permits a subscriber to place restrictions on access to services by using VUI to

validate the identity of the speaker. VUI employs a form of ASR technology to validate

the identity of the speaker rather than determine what was said by the speaker. VUI

requires that the subscriber register the service by training the ASR system by

recording a word or phrase. When a user attempts to access a service, the ASR

system prompts the user to say the special phrase.

5. INCOMING CALL-RESTRICTION/CONTROL

• Incoming calls to a subscriber may be given one of the following termination

treatments: the call is terminated normally to the subscriber with normal or

distinctive alerting; it is forwarded to voice mail or to another number; it is routed to a

subscriber-specific announcement; or it is blocked. These kinds of services help

subscribers control incoming calls and their monthly airtime bills. From a marketing

standpoint, they entice cost-conscious customers who might not want unlimited

access from callers.

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORKS

• The wireless intelligent network mirrors the wire line IN mode. But the distinction

between the wireless and wire line network is that many of the wire line call activities

are associated with movement, not just with the actual phone call.

THE COMPONENTS OF WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORK ARE SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM

MSC: - The mobile switching center used for switching function portion of the network.

SCP: - Provides a centralized element in the network.

IP: - Gets information directly from the subscribes. PSTN:-Public Switching Telephone Network

STP: - packet switching in the signaling network. BSC:-Base Station controller

EXAMPLES OF WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORKING SERVICES

• Enhanced services are increasing in popularity. At this point, various carriers within

different servicing areas are implementing them using available IN protocols and

concepts. Some of them are:

• Hands Free, Voice Control Services (VCS)

• Voice Control Feature Control (VCFC)

• Voice Based User Identification (VUI)

• Incoming call restriction

• Calling Name Presentation

PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORK

SS7 PROTOCOL STACK

MTP (MESSAGE TRANSFER PART) 1, 2, 3

MTP level 1 defines the physical electrical and functional characteristic of the

digital signal.

MTP level 2 implements flow control message sequence validation and error

checking.

MTP level 3 specifies a path between signaling point in the SS7 network. It

diverts the routes from the failed lengths when congestion occur.

ISDN USER PART(ISUP) AND TELEPHONE USER PART(TUP)

• TUP and ISUP both performs the signaling required to set up and tear down

telephone calls.TUP support only plain old telephone service (pots) calls. SUP

supports both pots and ISDN calls.

SIGNALING CONNECTION CONTROLPORT(SCCP)

• It is used to connect the radio related components in cellular network and for inter

ssp communication supporting class services. SCCP translates the global title

address into a destination point code and subsystem number.

*Global Title (GT) is an address used in the SCCP protocol for routing signaling

messages on telecommunications networks. In theory, a global title is a unique address

which refers to only one destination, though in practice destinations can change over

time.

* Point code :An SS7 point code is similar to an IP address in an IP network

TRANSACTION CAPABILITIES APPLICATIONPART(TCAP)

• Its primary purpose is to facilitate multiple concurrent dialogs between the same

sub-systems on the same machines, using Transaction IDs to differentiate these,

similar to the way TCP ports facilitate multiplexing connections between the same IP

addresses on the Internet.

ATTACKS IN WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORK

• BLACK HOLE ATTACK

• WORMHOLE ATTACK

BLACK HOLE ATTACK

• Black hole attack is also an important and suspicious attack in wireless intelligent

networks. It sends false routing information to the source node that it has fresh

routing path from source to destination. In this attack a malicious node gives illusion

for having shortest path to the node whose packet it wants to intercept.

WORMHOLE ATTACK

• Wormhole attack is a silent and severe type of attack since it simply copies the

packet at one location and replays them at different location or within the same

network.

• So, in wormhole attack, there are two neighbour nodes. They copy the packet at one

location and replay the same packets without any changes in the content at different

location or within the same network.

PREVENTION FOR THE ATTACKS

• Trust Model

• Wormhole Evasion

TRUST MODEL

• Accuracy and sincerity of immediate neighboring nodes are being monitored by

each node in this model. The sending node verifies the integrity of the accepting

node, if succeed the data is sent otherwise data is sent via other path.

WORMHOLE EVASION

• When the search is made for a route, firstly we check cache that any route is available

or not if it is available the Dijkstra's algorithm is used to find the shortest path among

available nodes, otherwise search algorithm is executed to find the routes with

maximum trust level. If search algorithm finds any wormhole nodes the cost of that

node is set to infinity. This ensures that wormholes nodes are avoided in all future

data connections.

SECURITIES USING WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORKS

• Wireless CCTV technology reduces cost and increases safety for towns and citizens

• Prevent unauthorized access to resources in schools and colleges using highly secure

WiMAX wireless networking solutions

• Use mobile cameras to increase security and reduce vandalism on public transport

• Deliver real-time images from any, even remote, locations

CONCLUSION

• Wireless Intelligent Networking allows the service provider to rapidly introduce new

services. Mobile Pre-Pay is a common application. There are two overall standards

employed today – CAMEL and WIN.

Maintaining and monitoring the Common Channel Signaling (CCS) network is critical to

its success. Understanding and troubleshooting the SS7 protocol is a key part of that

success.

This article covered the different technologies to increase the safety. SAFE WIMAX

techniques can be used to counter the risks of accessibility.

*CAMEL(Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic)

*WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a family

of wireless communications standards initially designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-

second data rates,

REFERENCES

• http://www.teletopix.org/gsm/advantages-of-intelligent-network-in/

• http://www.teletopix.org/category/news-telecom/

• http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/30/getting-a-clear-picture-of-a-computer-

networks-security/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1

• https://tr.scribd.com/doc/98544205/WIN-Wireless-Intelligent-Network-Full-Report

• http://www.slideshare.net/ijimit/win-47398350

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Intelligent_Network

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Title

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_code