Wireless Encrypted Data Transmission Synopsis

CONTENTS

Certificate

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Introduction

Block Diagram

o Transmitter Unit

o Receiver Unit

Blocks in Brief

o Transmitter Unit

o Receiver Unit

Note

Working in Brief

Components Used in detail

o PS2 Port

o PS2 Keyboard

o ATMEGA 168/328

o Liquid crystal display

o Transmitter and Receiver

o Supply Block

Voltage Regulator IC 7805

Bridge Rectifier

Step Down Transformer

Software Component

o Arduino Compiler

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is a project synopsis of “WIRELESS ENCRYPTED SECURED DATA TRANSMITTER USING KEYBOARD” we are very thankful to our project guide Prof. DILIP SHARMA, Department of Electronics and communication engineering, Ujjain engineering college, Ujjain for his invaluable guidance and assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been possible. We also thank him for giving his opportunity to explore into the real world and realize the interrelation.

We extend our most sincere thanks to Dr. BHAWNA JHARIYA (HOD of Electronics & communication Engineering) for their cooperation during the project work and also we are thankful to all the professor and teacher for their support and cooperation.

It is our privilege to express our gratitude to Dr. C.D. PATIL, Principal of Ujjain engineering college, Ujjain for providing me an excellent environment to complete my work successfully.

Abhishek Bhatt(0701EC111001)

Rahul Patidar(0701EC111038)

Rohit Gupta(0701EC111044)

Shri Krishna Jatiya(0701EC111051)

ABSTRACT

The Aim of this project is to provide secure Data/Message transmission between any two devices. In this project we learn about Cryptography, how to Encrypt and Decrypt the data. Due to Encryption the benefit is that not anyone can decrypt the message, only authentic receiver can Decrypt the message. So, we can say the key learning of the project is Cryptography.

We also learn about Microcontroller and how to program it for Encryption and Decryption, Arduino, RF transmitter and receivers.

INTRODUCTION

Today, we live in an age of wireless revolution where every effort is directed towards getting rid of wires. Removing wires not only makes things easy but also improves speed of operation. Challenging thing is that to provide data security and secured transmission.

This project is used to communicate or transmit a text message from one place to another place through wireless RF medium in a secure way. The text message entered via keyboard is encoded by microcontroller and the written (encoded) message will be transmitted through wireless. This is a very secure way of data transmission because before transmission we encrypt the messages.

At the receiver end the signal will be received by the standard receiver and the analog signal was fed to the microcontroller and which will be decoded by the microcontroller and the message will displayed over the LCD display.

We can use multiple receivers and multiple messages sent from the transmitter and received at the various receivers at the same time. Receiver can be accessed separately by its address. The micro-controller is used to do the above work. It gets data from the Keyboard and encodes it with a private algorithm and at the receiver end the microcontroller decodes it with the same algorithm and displays the data over the LCD display. At the receiver end there is a button (switch) on pressing which we can get the original data.

Encoding and Decoding process is performed by software. Encoding is the process in which plaintext message is converted into not code word and decoder converts the not code word data in the text form (if same algorithm is used as encoder).

Block Diagram :

Transmitter Unit :

Receiver Unit :

BLOCKS IN BRIEF

PS2 Keyboard

PS2 Keyboard

TransmitterTransmitterMicrocontrollerMicrocontroller

POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY

ReceiverReceiver MicrocontrollerMicrocontroller LCD DISPLAY

LCD DISPLAY

POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY

DE-ENCRPTION CONTROL SWITCH

DE-ENCRPTION CONTROL SWITCH

Transmitter Unit:

PS2 Keyboard:

This is keyboard interface with buttons having alphabets, numeric, special characters and control buttons. User can write any type of data with it. This data is encrypted by some other unit and transmit the data in a easy and secure manner to the receiver.

Microcontroller :

This consists of the controller ATMEGA168 which is being programmed to take the input and generate the desired output. It is intermediate part of PS2 Keyboard and transmitter. It is connected with keyboard as well as transmitting antenna. Once the data entered by user with the help of Keyboard it immediately encrypt the data with the help of algorithm fed by user in the Microcontroller than only those person can decrypt the message who have the correct knowledge of algorithm used in encryption unit that why it is secure and also easy way to communicate in a secure manner.

Power Supply :

This block provides the power to the various parts of the transmitting unit in a uniform way so we can perform the task of transmission in a comfort manner.

RF Transmitting Antenna :

This is basically 434MHz carrier wave antenna which will transmit the encrypted data wirelessly.

LCD : This is a 16X2 B/W LCD used to display the data.

Receiver Unit:

RF Receiving Antenna:

This is basically 434 MHz RF frequency receiver which will receive the data wirelessly.

Microcontroller Unit :

This consists of the controller ATMEGA168 which is being programmed to take the input and generate the desired output. Basically, its work is to convert the encrypted data into an original data or message. Also this unit controls the various parts of receiver.

Decryption Button :

Its use is to decrypt the message and showing of correct message on the LCD.

LCD: This is a 16X2 B/W LCD used to display the data.

Power Supply :

This block provides the power to the various parts of the transmitting unit in a uniform way so we can perform the task of transmission in a comfort manner.

WORKING IN BRIEF

The main function/working part of the project is controller via programming that is PS2 protocol, According to the efficient programming

done and interfacing if the user types anything on keyboard that will be display on LCD in the transmitter block. The controller checks for this protocol efficiency. As the user press the enter key on the keyboard the data is encrypted as per coding and transmitted to remote location receiver. The receiver receives the data as it is and gives it to the controller which is displayed on the receiver LCD in encrypted form. There is a control switch pressing the encrypted data will be de-encrypted and displayed on the LCD.

The back bone of this project is Encryption and Decryption of data via a program/algorithm fed in the Microcontroller via a Arduino IDE Software.

With the help of this project we can send different messages or different data on a different receiver separately. All the receivers have separate address to access. So, transmitter can easily access those receivers on which they want to send a message but receiver can only access the data when it uses the same algorithm used to encrypt the data.

COMPONENTS USED IN DETAIL

Hardware:

The major components used in this project are

Keyboard (PS2) PS2 Port Microcontroller RF transmitter and receiver LCD Display Power Supply

PS2 PORT :

The PS/2 connector is a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector used for connecting some keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system. Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers, with which it was introduced in 1987. The PS/2 mouse connector generally replaced the older DE-9 RS-232 "serial mouse" connector, while the PS/2 keyboard connector replaced the larger 5-pin/180° DIN connector used in the IBM PC/AT design. The PS/2 designs on keyboard and mouse interfaces are electrically similar and employ the same communication protocol. However, a given system's keyboard and mouse port may not be interchangeable since the two devices use a different set of commands.

Nowadays this pin has one modified form which is USB. USB is better than PS2 pin due to its comfort ability to plug in and out. Also it gives fast response compare to PS2 but due to some specific properties it still used at some places.

1. CLOCK

2. GROUND

3. DATA

4. N/C

5. Vcc

6. N/C

PS2 KEYBOARD :

It is a basic Keyboard used in computers which have numeric, alphabetic, special characters and some control keys.

ATMEGA 168/328 :

The Atmel AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be

accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.

The Atmega168 provides the following features: 16 Kbytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes of EEPROM, 1 Kbyte of SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte oriented Two wire Serial Interface, a 6-channel ADC (eight channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages) with 10-bit accuracy, a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscillator, an SPI serial port, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM; Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.

The Power down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next Interrupt or Hardware Reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running

while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low-power consumption.

Liquid Crystal Display :

This is a 16x2 Black and White LCD for the display of the data at the transmitter as well as receiver unit.

The 16x2 Black and White LCD have

16 pins all have different

functions described below:

pin 1: ground

pin 2: 5V

pin 3: 3.3kΩ resistor

pin 4: digital pin 12

pin 5: ground


pin 7: nothing

pin 8: nothing

pin 9: nothing

pin 10: nothing





pin 15: 5V

pin 16: 47Ω resistor

The Digital Pins are used to feed data in the LCD through Arduino with the help of programming.

RF transmitter & receiver :

Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons. Firstly, signals through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable for long range applications. Also, while IR mostly operates in line-of-sight mode, RF signals can travel even when there is an obstruction between transmitter & receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and

reliable than IR transmission. RF communication uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are affected by other IR emitting sources.

This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter. The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system, the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).

The RF module is often used along with a pair of encoder/decoder. The encoder is used for encoding parallel data for transmission feed while reception is decoded by a decoder. HT12E-HT12D, HT640-HT648, etc. are some commonly used encoder/decoder pair ICs.

Pin Diagram:

Pin Description:

RF Transmitter

Pin No

Function Name

1 Ground (0V) Ground2 Serial data input pin Data3 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc4 Antenna output pin ANT

RF Receiver

Pin No

Function Name

1 Ground (0V) Ground2 Serial data output pin Data3 Linear output pin; not connected NC

4 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc5 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc6 Ground (0V) Ground7 Ground (0V) Ground8 Antenna input pin ANT

Power Supply Block :

The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.

Voltage Regulator IC 7805

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V

regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.

Pin Description:

Bridge Rectifier : Its work is to convert AC power supply into DC power.

StepDown Transformer :

Pin No

Function Name

1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input2 Ground (0V) Ground3 Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) Output

Its work is to reduce the AC voltage from 220V to 12V(or lower voltage). There are two types of Transformers i.e. Step Up and Step Down. If number of windings in primary side is more than it is Step Down transformer. Similarly, if more winding is in secondary side than it is Step Up transformer.

SOFTWARE COMPONENT:

ARDUINO COMPILER :

The Arduino IDE is a cross-platform application written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and the Wiring project. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading programs to the board with a single click. There is typically no need to edit make files or run programs on a command-line interface. Although

building on command-line is possible if required with some third-party tools such as Ino.

The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library called "Wiring" (from the project of the same name), which makes many common input/output operations much easier. Arduino programs are written in C/C++.

APPLICATIONS :

Secretly Transmit Messages. Wireless data acquisition with security. Military applications. It can be used as a zero cost online pager. Car security system Sensor reporting Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Wireless Alarm and Security Systems Long Range RFID Automated Resource Management

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Vibha Tiwari “INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING” Cryptography : Encryption And Decryption

R.S.Sedha “APPIED ELECTRONICS” Basic Electronic Component : B JT, 7805 Voltage Regulator IC, Special Purpose Diode, Bridge Rectifier

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography/Encoder and Decoder

http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/rf- module-transmitter-receiver

https://www.sparkfun.com/Basic 16*2 Character LCD Black and White 5V

http://www.electronichub.org/understanding-7805-ic-voltage regulator

embeddedsoftdev.blogspot.com/p/arduino.html

http://www.rsa.com/

http://www.sunrom.com

http://www.webopedia.com/

http://www.alldatasheet.com/

http://www.cs.colostate.edu/

http://www.alldatasheet.com/

http://www.electronichub.org/understanding-7805-ic-voltage

http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/rf-

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Wireless Encrypted Data Transmission Synopsis