Wireless Communication for Industry 4.0 – Technologies ... · Use Cases Source: Wireless Communications for Industry 4.0, Dr. Andreas Müller, Berlin 28.05.2015 (BMWi), and Netzkommunikation

PMR-R & D GmbH

1

Wireless Communication for Industry 4.0 – Technologies,

Use Cases and ChallengesDipl.-Ing. Milan Popovic,

Director Business Development and Sales, PMR R&D Gm bHMember of the Council “Radio Communication Systems” (VDE/ITG)

Berlin, 8.09.2016

PMR-R & D GmbH

2

Subject: The company originated from the former DETE WE Funkwerk Koepenick. We design and manufacture customer-tailo red products, applications, solutions and implement tur nkey projects in areas such as, telemetry, monitoring & control.

The development of hardware and embedded software i s a focus of our research and design activities. Areas of applic ations include energy systems, public transportation, smart lighti ng & buildings, industry 4.0, internet of things and military solut ions.

Foundation: 2009

Contact: Koepenicker Strasse 325, House 201, 12555 BerlinPhone: +49 30 2000 362-0, Fax.: +4030 2000 362-30

Points of Contact: Karl-Heinz Ruback, Managing [email protected]

Milan Popovic, Sales [email protected]

Who is PMR R&D?

PMR-R & D GmbH

3

Competence and Experience

• Design and manufacture of products(hardware, and software)

• Customer tailored applications and solutions to fulfil specific requirements

• Monitoring and control systems (sensors, actors)

• International standards for professional mobile radio communication such as MPT, TETRA and DMR

• Experience with highest requirements (military, ATEX certified systems etc.)

• Secure communication for critical infrastructure, industry and military

PMR-R & D GmbHProducts

Wireless Communication:• Platforms and Gateways for Radio based Monitoring

& Control System (for license free bands according to the LORA standard)

• Point-to-Point and Point to Multipoint Systems for fixed and mobile applications for voice and data communication

Digital Mobile Radio (TETRA Standard):• Stand-alone Trunking Station (PICO Cell) • TETRA Radios (Handheld, Mobile, Data Modem)

Analogue Radio (MPT Standard):• MPT Radios and Gateways

Distribution as authorized Partner

4

PMR-R & D GmbH

5

LoRaWAN Network Architecture

Source: LoRaWAN – what is it? A technical overview; LoR a Alliance, 11/2015

• Long range star network • Complete solutions with gateways and network server

PMR-R & D GmbH

1. What means “Industry 4.0” for Industrial Automati on?

2. Why Radio Communication? Typical Use Cases

3. Requirements for Radio Systems in Industrial Envi ronments

4. Radio Communication Technologies

5. Challenges

6. Reliability and Security

7. Ongoing Efforts (Research and Standardization)

8. Conclusions

6

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

7

Industry 4.0: Development and Objectives

Source: Kagermann a.o. 2013

Smart factories, where CPS support flexible and uni que products and production through networking, decentralized contro l mechanisms, intelligent data procession and integration of cust omers and partners.

PMR-R & D GmbH

“Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are integration of computation with physical processes. Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical process, usually with feedback loops where physical processes affect computation and vice versa.”

Source: “Cyber-Physical-Systems: Design Challenges” A.Lee 2008

Combinations of the real and virtual world. Physical systems are connected with open and very often global computing networks being in continuous contact among each other (i.e. Internet).

Source: acatech 2012

8

What are Cyber-Physical-Systems?

Source: acatech – Deutsch Akademieder Technikwissenschaften

PMR-R & D GmbH

• Smart Grids

• Car-to-X Connection (traffic networks)

• eHealth Systems (medical information systems)

• “Smart City” Solutions

• Industrial Automation / Industry 4.0

9

Cyber-Physical-Systems - Examples

PMR-R & D GmbH

10

Industry 4.0 - Benefits

1. To improve competitiveness2. More efficient use of energy and resources3. To reduce innovation cycles and innovation costs4. More complex products5. To improve flexibility in the production (individ ual mass

production)6. To increase productivity of organizations and valu e chains

PMR-R & D GmbH

11

New Industrial Automation Structure for Industry 4.0

The classical hierarchicalstructure will be graduallytransformed intoconnected, and de-centralorganized or self-organizedservices and processes.

Source: Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen au s Sicht der Automation, VDI/VDE GMA, April 2013

PMR-R & D GmbH

12

Industry 4.0 – Reference Architecture Model

Source: Umsetzungsstrategie Industrie 4.0 Ergebnisbe richt, April 2015

PMR-R & D GmbH

13

Industry 4.0 – Reference Architecture Model

Source: Plattform Industrie 4.0

PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

14

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

• Smart Products

• Flexible Production

• Autonomous Systems

• Simple Installation and modification (no cabling)

• Mobile End Devices

15

Why Radio Communication?

PMR-R & D GmbH

16

Overall industrial Communication Network (Architecture)

Source: Funktechnologien im industriellen Umfeld, P rof. Dr. Ingo Wolff, Berlin 28.05.2015

Production Line 1

Production Line 2

Production Line 3

MES: Control and Monitoring

Technologies

Management and Planning

ERP System

Warehouse (Material, Parts)

DispatchingCustomer Service

Communication withvarying coverage:From 100 m up tomore than 20 km

ProcessControl

PMR-R & D GmbH

Examples:

• Mobile Robots (motion control)• Monitoring and Control of Systems• Augmented Reality (data glasses)• Smart Products• Localization

Different use cases means different communication r equirements:real-time (latency), data rates, reliability, range s (m or km), energy consumption etc.

17

Use Cases

PMR-R & D GmbH

18

Technical Requirements for Typical Use Cases

Source: Wireless Communications for Industry 4.0, D r. Andreas Müller, Berlin 28.05.2015 (BMWi), and Netzkommunikation für Industrie 4.0, Pla ttform Industrie 4.0, 4/2016

Motion ControlCondition

MonitoringAugmented Reality

Latency / Cycle Time250 µs

– 1 ms100 ms 10 ms

Reliability (PER1) 1e-8 1e-5 1e-5

Data Rate kbit/s – Mbit/s kbit/s Mbit/s - Gbit/s

Range 100 m 1 km 100 m

Battery Lifetime n/a 10 years 1 day

PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

19

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

20

Typical Requirements for Industrial Radio

1. Flexibility (Ad-Hoc Networks)2. Interoperability (co-operation with other systems )3. Data Processing Capabilities (intelligent gateway s and end-

devices)4. Support of Devices (interfaces for sensors and ac tors etc.)5. Energy Consumption (low)6. Quality of Services (real-Time capabilities, bit- error and data rates)7. Robustness (resistance against interference or ja mming)8. Co-Existence Management9. Handling and Adaptability (plug & play, modificat ion of systems)10. Data Security11. Miniaturization12. Frequency Band (license free, world wide availab le)

PMR-R & D GmbH

Wireless communication solutions shall use a shared medium to fulfil all their application communication requirem ents (in the same location, time and frequency)

Some Methods:

• Frequency Hopping, TDMA• Black listing of frequency bands• Listen before Talk (increases latency)• MIMO-Technologies (multiple input, multiple output)

21

Wireless Communication Co-Existence

PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

22

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

23

A Comparison of Wireless Technologies

Source: LoRaWAN – what is it? A technical overview; LoR a Alliance, 11/2015

Local Area NetworkShort Range

Communication

Low Power Wide Area(LPWAN)

Internet of Things

Cellular NetworkTraditional

M2M

Battery liveProvisioning

Network cost & dependencies

Well established standardsIn building

Low power consumptionLow cost

Positioning

Existing coverageHigh data rate

AutonomyTotal cost of ownership

Low data rateEmerging standards�

☺

PMR-R & D GmbH

24

Wireless Communication Technologies


0,1 1 10 100

Datenrate

Mobilität

LTE

UMTS

HSDPA

WLAN

EDGEGSMGPRS

XDSL, CATV, Fiber

HSPA+

IEEE 802.16e(Wimax mobil)

IEEE 802.16a,d(Wimax)

Bluetooth

DECT

GSMGPRS

Zug300 km/h

Auto150 km/h

Auto50 km/h

Fuß-gänger

Nomade

Stadt

Person

Inhaus

Unb

eweg

tB

eweg

tFa

hrze

ug

1000 Mbit/s

LTE-A

PMR-R & D GmbH

ISM (Industry, Science and Medicine) und SRD (Short Range Devices Bands):

13,56 MHz-Band: SRD-Band used for RFID

433 MHz-Band: SRD-Band, only Region 1 (Europa, Africa, CIS States) for Low Power Devices with 10 mW ERP, 0,5 – 2 km, 69 frequencies available until end 2022.

860 MHz-Band: SRD-Band, only Region 1, transmission power 5 mW, 10 mW, 25 mW with different band width and Duty Cycle, with proprietary technologies like LoRa up to 15 km zu 15 km.

900 MHz-Band: ISM Band, only Region 2 (North- and South America)

2,4 GHz-Band: world wide available, transmission power max 25 mW ERP, up to 100 mTechnologies: WLAN (IEEE 802.11b, DSSS – CCK, 802.11g, OFDM – BPSK/QPSK/QAM, 38/140 m), IWLAN (IEEE 802.11n, MIMO-OFDM – BPSK/QPSK,QAM, 70/250 m), Bluetooth, (IEEE 802.15.1, FHSS), Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4), Wireless USB, DSSS, Wireless Hart (IEEE 802.15.4), WISA (TDMA, FH), WSAN-FA der PNO as well as proprietary technologies. Very often used to capacity.

5 GHz-Band: Increasingly used. Technologies: WLAN 802.11a (OFDM – BPSK/QPSK/QAM, data rates 54 Mbit/s, distances up to 35/120 m) und IWLAN 802.11n (MIMO-OFDM – BPSK/QPSK/QAM, data rates up to 450 Mbit/s, distances up to 70/250 m), proprietary technologies.

24 GHz-Band: Scarce in use for industrial applications.

60 GHz-Band: Subject of research and development

25

Frequency Bands


PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

26

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

Requirement for new networked wireless communication solutions:

An increasing number of sensors and actors is predi cted. Data rates are expected to increase significantly also d ue to new applications (Internet of Things). Existing technol ogies (WLAN, Bluetooth) lack resistance to interference, securit y, real-time requirements.

27

Challenges

Source: Plattform Industrie 4.0, Diskussionspapier „Netzkommunikation für Industrie 4.0“, 4/2016

PMR-R & D GmbH

Flexible and secure end-to-end connections

Continuous connections over different networks. Req uirements for „Industry4.0“ suitable gateways include:

• Tunneling and security protocols can be configured• Priority Management for different applications• Translation of QoS Parameters between different syst ems

28

Challenges


PMR-R & D GmbH

Administration shell for networked communication (Industrie 4.0 Verwaltungsschale)

The administration shell need to support:

• Management of end-to-end communication between indu stry 4.0 components

• Initialization and configuration of new components ( bootstrap) ideally with minimal administration effort

29

Challenges


PMR-R & D GmbH

International Standardisation

Standards needs to be globally adopted. Number of a pplied standards shall be reduced (consolidated).

Remark: a wireless band for industrial radio where all requirements for future radio communication has been demanded by ZVEI and already presented against ITU. There shall be no critical restraints for industria l applications (such as listen before talk).

30

Challenges


PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

31

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

32

Reliability and Security

Source: IT Sicherheit für die Industry 4.0. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie; Abschlussbericht, 01/20 16

Challenges through core features of Industry 4.0:

1. International and intra-organizational connection of information and communication (ICT) technologies; processes are bec oming more dynamic

2. Amount of data exchanged between entities is incr easing and includes confidential data and crucial information

3. Decision will be taken more and more by autonomou s systems and “augmented” operators.

PMR-R & D GmbH

33


Source: UTILIZATION OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IN PROD UCTION FACILITIES FOR INDUSTRY 4.0, Friedrich K. Jondral, 07/2016

Operational Security

Transmission of defective or faked sensor data, lea ding to an erroneous evaluation in a control center, shall not become, b y means of incorrect actions, hazardous for operational staff or environ ment.

PMR-R & D GmbH

34



Transmission Security

Transmission security requires the mastering of sev eral technologies:

• Application of resistant transmission methods to av oid pertubatingeffects from production activities, e.g. rotation m achines or switching operations.

• Protection against jammers.

• Protection against spoofing may be achieved by auth entication procedures (that certainly affect real-time communi cation).

PMR-R & D GmbH

35



Data Security

Data security algorithms and methods protect data a nd services against unauthorized access, alteration, or damage. We have to distinct active and passive attacks upon data security:

• As active attacks we identify in this connection de nial of services, misuse of resources, spoofing (input of false data, modification of messages), and the disclosure of confidential infor mation.

• Passive attacks are traffic analysis and wiretappin g.

Means of data security are identification of commun ications partners, authentication of messages, nonrepudiation of dispa tch (e.g. by digital signature), access control of network subscribers, integrity, availability, jamming resistance, and interception resistance.

PMR-R & D GmbH

36



Conclusions:

1. If transmission and data security are important, the employment of jamming resistant transmission modes (spread spectr um technologies), trunked radio, and possibly mechanical protection b y absorption walls or reflectors should be taken into consideration.

2. If crypto methods are applied, a precise strategy (hazard analysis, threat hierarchy, responsibilities etc.) becomes necessary . Moreover, the relevance of external consulting as well as experti se within the own organization gets paramount importance.

3. Recommendations to overcame security issues inclu de technical (see above), organizational (like risk management) and j uridical matters (international laws as well as confidentiality agre ements between entities such as NDAs).

PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

37

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

Empfehlung NE-9: Koexistenz von Funkanwendungen (Aus zug)

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0 ist die Kommunikation zwischen räumlich und organisatorisch verteilten Einheiten, die oft a us Flexibilitätsgründen oder wegen der Mobilität de r Einheiten per Funk erfolgen muss. Die Funkkommunika tion nutzt eine Ressource, die in der Regel nicht exklusiv für eine einzige Anwendung zur Verfü gung steht. Eine Priorisierung der Funkanwendungen findet gegenwärtig nur durch die Fr equenzvergabe durch die Regulierungsbehörden statt, wobei auch hier eine Fl exibilisierung angestrebt wird.

Um eine hohe Verfügbarkeit der stark wachsenden Anz ahl an Funkanwendungen im industriellen Bereich gewährleisten zu können, ist ein Koexistenz -Management erforderlich, das die Kommunikationsanforderungen der technischen Prozess e und der Geschäftsprozesse berücksichtigt. Es gilt Konzepte festzulegen, die d en Koexistenzaspekt sowohl im Lebenszyklus eines industriellen Funkprodukts als auch im Lebens zyklus einer industriellen Funkkommunikationsanlage einbringt. Mit der Norm IE C 62657 22 wird ein wichtiger Schritt in diese Richtung unternommen.

Die Entwicklungen bei Software Defined Radio (SDR) u nd Cognitive Radio (CR) haben dasPotenzial für ein automatisiertes Koexistenzmanagem ent über Funktechnologiegrenzen hinweg.Hierfür sind noch ein Referenzmodell zur Mediumsnut zung, Bibliotheken für verschiedeneFunktechnologien sowie die Spezifikation einheitlic her Dienste erforderlich, um einen weitgehendautomatisierten Informationsaustausch zwischen den Funkanwendungen sowie zwischen Funkanwendung und technischem Prozess bzw. Geschäft sprozess zu realisieren…“

38

German Industrie 4.0 Standardisation Roadmap

Source: VDE / DKE. Die deutsche Normungsroadmap Indu strie 4.0, 12/2013

PMR-R & D GmbH

Empfehlung TL-2: Funktechnologien„Die für die Heim- und Bürokommunikation entwickelte n Funktechnologien decken zum Teil auch Anforderungen industrieller Automatisierungsan wendungen ab. Allerdings gibt es auch solche, für die diese IT-Lösungen nicht geeignet si nd. Deshalb sind in den Normen IEC 61784 2, IEC 62591 (WirelessHART), IEC 62601 (WIA-PA) spezie lle Festlegungen für die Automatisierungstechnik getroffen worden. Für Entwi cklungen, wie z. B. Near Field Communication (NFC) oder Software Defined und Cognit ive Radio (SDR/CR), aber auch für neue Mobilfunkstandards ist zu prüfen, für welche A nwendungen sie unverändert eingesetzt werden können, oder ob z. B. Profile zu deren Anwen dung im industriellen Bereich festzulegen sind. Denkbar sind vereinheitlichte Festlegungen zu r Konfiguration der Funkgeräte sowie zur Diagnose und Fehleranalyse. Dies trifft insbesonder e für IT-Lösungen zu, bei denen andere Konzepte und Lösungen verfolgt werden als im indust riellen Bereich. Auf jeden Fall sind Maßnahmen erforderlich, um auf neuen Technologien b eruhende Funkanwendungen im Koexistenzmanagement berück-sichtigen zu können.

Im Zuge der Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0 wird auch ei n spezieller Funkstandard für die Kommunikation in der Fertigungszelle bzw. im Bereich der Fertigungsmaschine erforderlich werden. Spezifikationsarbeiten finden h ierzu bereits statt.“

39

German Industrie 4.0 Standardisation Roadmap

Source: VDE / DKE. Die deutsche Normungsroadmap Indu strie 4.0, 12/2013

PMR-R & D GmbH

ZDKI Projekte (aus dem Förderprogramm IKT 2020)

1. DEAL: Drahtlose, zuverlässige Echtzeitkommunikatio n für Automatisierung, Produktion & Logistik in der Industrie

2. ProWLAN; Professional Wireless Industrial LAN3. HiFlecs: Hochperformante, sichere Funktechnologien und deren

Systemintegration in zukünftige industrielle Closed-Lo op-Automatisierungslösungen

4. OWICELLS: Zuverlässige, drahtlose Kommunikation in der Industrie5. Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut6. KoI: Koordinierte Industriekommunikation: Zuverläs sige, drahtlose

Kommunikation in der Industrie7. T r e u F u n k: Zuverlässige Funktechnologien für i ndustrielle Steuerungen8. ParSec: Parallele Sicherheit9. S B D i s t: Sichere und latenzarme Breitbandübertra gung über kurze Distanzen

40

ZDKI : „Zuverlässige drahtlose Kommunikation in der Industrie“

PMR-R & D GmbH

• Software Defined Networking (expected to support fl exible production and administration). Control and data pl ain will seperated lowel communcation levels virtualized (Networ k Function Virtualization, NFV). Secure Virtual Privat e Networks (VPN) shall be established “ad-hoc”.

• Mobile Communication Standard 5G: first networks ex pected by 2020. Deterministic network with latency times o f around 1 mesc). High bandwidth and data rates. Integration w ith industrial ethernet envisaged. Shall support cloud a nd edge computing.

• Ultra Wide Band Technologies (using higher frequenc y ranges up to 60 GHz.

41

Outlook to Future Communication Standards

PMR-R & D GmbH

Members of the Working Group (founded 4/2016):

1. Dr. Nadia Brahmi, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim2. Prof. Dr. Armin Dekorsy, Universität Bremen3. Michael Doubrava, nash technologies, Nürnberg4. Frank Hakemeyer, Phoenix Contact GmbH, Blomberg5. Dr. Frank Hofmann, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim6. Dr. Mike Heinrich, Fraunhofer ESK, München7. Stefan Hiensch, Bundesnetzagentur, Mainz8. Dr. Gerhard Kadel, Deutsche Telekom AG, Darmstadt9. Prof Rüdiger Kays, TU Dortmund10. Dr. Claus Keuker, nash innovations, Nürnberg11. Dr. Michael Meyer, Ericsson Research, Herzogenra th12. Dr. Andreas Mueller, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgar t13. Prof. Dr. Stephan ten Brink, Universität Stuttgar t14. Milan Popovic, PMR-R & D GmbH, Berlin15. Dr. Lutz Rauchhaupt, Institut für Automation und K ommunikation e.V., Magdeburg16. Prof. Dr. Hans D. Schotten, Universität Kaisersla utern17. Christoph Wöste, Bundesnetzagentur, Mainz18. Prof. Dr. Ingo Wolff, IMST GmbH, Kamp-Lintfort19. Prof. Erich Zielinski, Alcatel-Lucent Stiftung fü r Kommunikationsforschung, Stuttgart

42

VDE (ITG)Working Group „Funktechnologien in Industrie 4.0“

PMR-R & D GmbH





5. Challenges



8. Conclusions

43

Agenda

PMR-R & D GmbH

1. Horizontal integration of the value chain

2. Consistent engineering over the life cycle (desig n to recycling)

3. Vertical integration of the company IT

4. Systems on different hierarchical levels

5. Development of new human-social working infrastru ctures

6. Development and improvement of cross-sectional te chnology in order to improve their products through the application:- Communication Technologies- Electronics- Methods and Technologies for security, safety and privacy

7. Security and Safety Issues are critical

8. International Standards (the German Standardizati on Roadmap for Industry 4.0 has been published by DKE / DIN in 12/ 2013)

44

Industry 4.0 - Fields of Action

Sources: Plattform Industrie 4.0 Germany: Whitepaper FuE Themen Industrie 4.0, 4/2015Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation, VDI/VDE GMA, 4/2013

PMR-R & D GmbH

• Wireless enables Industry 4.0 key concepts. New tec hnologies and concepts need to be developed.

• There is a wide range of application with highly di verse requirements

• Key goals include inter-connectivity, security, ult ra-low latency, high reliability & scalability

• Co-Existence management and dedicated frequency ran ges will be crucial for success

• Integration of telecommunication and industrial aut omation experts will be necessary

45

Conclusions for Wireless Communication in Industry 4.0

Source: ITG/VDE Workshop „Funk für Industrie 4.0, 5/ 2015 im BMWi in Berlin

PMR-R & D GmbH

46

Thank you for your attention

Questions and Answers

Milan PopovicDirector Business Development and Sales

[email protected]

Koepenicker Str. 325House 201D-12555 Berlin

Documents

Wireless Communication for Industry 4.0 – Technologies ... · Use Cases Source: Wireless Communications for Industry 4.0, Dr. Andreas Müller, Berlin 28.05.2015 (BMWi), and Netzkommunikation