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of the American Mosquito Control Association fl by the Florida Mosquito Control Association
Vol 2 No 1 Spring 1991
~middot ampau Editor~ Dr Charlie Morris f lorida Medical Entomology ~aborelory IFAS-Unlvarslly of Florida 200 9th Street SE 32962 ~071778-7200
Assistant EdilorJulie Tucker McClary Vero Bch FL
Photo Edilor Alan Cbulltrll~ Vero Beach FL
Graphics Editor Bonnie K llnllok Vero Beach FL
FMCA MAGAZINE COMMITTEE Glennon Dodd Vero Beach FL lltellie euro1herson Gainesville r t Gene lemlrc C11llir Naples FL David Miller Jocksonvillc FL Or Carlisle Rathburn Po nom~ Cily f1 jim Robinson Odessa fl joe RuH Panama Cily f1 Scot Taylor Tilusville Ft Sue Whitaker Sarasota Fl Neil Wilkinson Fort Myero Ft Pete Pedcrsou Ahooua f l
AMCA- MA GAZINE COMMITTE F llr Ma jor Dhillon Rtvorsido CA M a ltgaret Pa rsOI5 ~uoabull OH Cyrus Lesser Salisbury MO Or Lewis Nielsen Sail l~k d tv UT Or Charles Apperson Raleigh NC Or john Howard Syr11cll$e NY Or Chesler Moore Fort Collins CO S~lly Wagner Saginaw M I Or Wayne Kramer Lincoln NE )ames McNeil)bull Cape M~y Courthouse N) DI Alice Anderson A~antic leach NC llr Edward Walker EM Lansing Ml Dr William )any lahasllta PA Lucas Terracina lake Charlci bA Kern Walcher Va ldosla CA Dr Bruce Eldndgc Davis CA
FLORIDA MOSQUITO CONTROl ASSOCIATION P 0 Box 11067 Jacksonville fL 32211 9047~31482 FAX ~1)4743-6879
1990middot91 Board of Directors PRESIDENT J Clarke Hudson Orlando Fl PRESlfJENTmiddot ELlCT Oscar T fullz Savannah GA VICE PR ESIDENT George Wlchlerman fl My~trs fl SCRETARYbullTREASURER tls~b~h Deck
facksonvillc ft IMMEDIATE PAST-PRESIDENT Frank OS ~gtvans
Ft Pier~e FL NW REGIONAL DIRECTOR Gene Bakor
Tallahassee IL Nft REGIONAL DIRECTOR Joe Cosh Flagler Beach FL SW REGIONAL DIRECTOR Michael Mahlur
nartow rL SE REGIONA L OIRECTOR Marion Nelms Miaml FL
AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 707 East Prien Lale Road P 0 nogt~ 5416 Lake Charles LA 70606-5416 316147 4middot2723 FAX 316478middot9434
1990middot91 Board of Directorso PRESihENT Dr Robrl 0 Sjogre11 SJ Paul MN PR ESOENT ELECT Mallhew M Yaltts Baton
Rouge LA VICE PRESIDENT Cyrus R Lesser Salillury MD PRES I DENT 1959 Judy A Hbullnsbull n Cape May Court
House NJ PRESIDENT 1988~ Or Rrucc P Eldrldgc Davis CA TREASURER lohn S 6illodeaux Jennings lA EXECIJrtVE DIRECTOR Dr Ha rold C Chapman
Lake Charles [A
REGIONAL DIRECTORS Canada Or Murry H Colbo Sl Johns
Newfoundla nd North Atlantic Thomas Conrlelett i Borncsal NJ MldmiddotAllanllc Or Nolan H Newlon Raleigh NC South Atlantic Or John A Mulruonon lr
jadsonvillc FL North Central Dr Oau D Arown Decatur IL South Central Cha rles T Palmisano Slidell IA West Centralgt Jltelth Watwbullrr Midvalo UT North Paclnc Peter DeChant Portland OR Snulh Pacific fl fred Oearru Sa111a Ana CA LuUn AmencanmiddotCaribbean n Marco F Suarez
CONTENTS Fly Wheels The New Generation from London 4 by James Robinson and joe Ruff
Heres a column that provides an independent evaluation of mosquito control equipment that you cant find in print anywhere else In this issue Floridas JRs examine the London Fog of 1991 a break from the past
Chip Chat Windows on the f uture bull 7 by Glennon Dodd
Computer technologies continue to get bigger foster more user-friendly and less confusing to the non-technicrat Here ore the recommendations for a computer system that will not only meet the needs of most mosquito control programs for years to came but will also help get the computer-phobics on-line
Going Public Making Society Mosquito-Wise 20 by Neil Wllkinson
As public pressure mounts against environmental contamination mosquito control comes under 1ncreosing scrutiny for the way it uses pesticides Educashytion is the surest way to have an informed public Here is how Florida mosshyquito control programs are addressing this timely and critical issue
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it ain t football 12 by Charlie Morris PhD
Putting a foot in your mouth can spoil your day but to put your tongue-inshycheek can make it special Here for your enjoyment iS one mosquito control story that Is on the light side - the first edition of Pest Asides
Leading Edge RADAR A Cure for Your Rainy Day Blues 14 by Scott Ritchie PhD
Sometimes the solutions to problems ore right in front of our eyes but we do not see Scott Ritchie has seen the light or rather he hasnt seen the rain but he knows where it fell without the aid of rain gouges or weather watchers Heles his secret and possibly the solution youve been looking for
The Florida Mosquito Control Association has not tested any of the products advertised or referred to in this publicalion nor has it verified any of the sta teme nts made in any of the advermiddot tisements or articles The Association does not warrant exptmiddotessly or implied the fitness of any product advertised or the suitability of any advice or stalements contained herein
1991 Florida Mosqu ito Control Association All rights reserved Reproduction in whole or part without pemtission is prohibited
WING BEATS Published quarterly as the official publication of the Florida Mosquito Control Association and the American Mosquito Conlrol Association This publication is intended to keep al l interested parties informed on matters as they relate to mosquito control particularly in the United States
EDITORIAL Address all correspondence regarding tec hnical editorial matters to Or Charlie Morris Editor Wing Beats magazine Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IF AS-University of Florida 200 9th St SE Vero Beach FL 32962 telephone 407778middot7200 FAX 407778middot7205
ABOUT THE COVER A fou rth ins tar larva of Orthopodomyia pulchripolpis from Orgosolo Sarshydinia The a rtistry is by LE Munstermann PhD University of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana
Fly Wheels The New Generation from London
James Robinson and Joe Ruff
London Fog the name itself conjures visions of dark nights shrouded in a thick veil of mist too thick to see through yet too thin to cut What a great handle for mosquito adulticiding equipment
Certainly Minnesota seems a likely enough place to build mosquito control sprayers Home to Hendersons Mosshyquito Days celebration its also home to our wonderful president Bob Sjogren and the largest individual mosquito control operation in the country These peoshyple should certainly undershystand mosquitoes
Well these good folks from the far north are at it again They have broken with their tradition of thershymal foggers and high pressure air atomizing equipment to design a high air flowlow pressure ULV (ultra low volume)
The London Aire Model 18-20 is akin to a brides costume something old something new something borrowed and (in this case) something red The engineblower layout uses Roots double-lobe blower that has been around enough to be the industry standard The pear-shaped nozzle that sets the machine off is a brand new twist using some proven technology London Fog has used FMI metering pumps to regulate insecticide on their ULV machines for years but this time the pump is electrified Finally the red item that defines the number 18 in the Model 18-20 is Kohlers Magnum 18-horse power twin-cylinder engine
Fresh out of the crate the unit was easy to install on our 12 ton 4x4 pickup The frame has mounting holes tucked under the channel frame at the
corners There are no vibration isolators provided on the engine blower unit but the entire assembly could be set on rubber mounts When erecting the nozzle and r iser you might want to put some hi-temp silishycone gasket gel on the flanges before bolting them together The upper 4 bolt flange at the nozzle body is another likely silicone candidate
The arrangement of the various comshyponents engineblower metering
equipment and tanks is not quite in the conventional order The gasoline tank and the insecticide metering pump are located at the rear of the unit The polyethylene insecticide and flush tanks are mounted at the front while the engineblower hookup straddles the middle The whole unit is short enough (48 inches) to be mounted transversely in a full-sized pickup This orientation will place the nozzle closer to the rear of the truck
Kohlers 18-horse twin is quite similar to the more familiar Briggs amp Stratton counterpart This engine however has a more square bore stroke ratio and produces slightly more torque (290 versus 278) than its
4
Milwaukee neighbor Certain difshyferences include cast-iron cylinder barshyrels that are removable from the aluminum crankcase and both crankshyshaft main bearings are pressureshylubricated sleeves
The electric starter is equipped with a solenoid switch that permits quick starts from the remote cab panel With pesticide awareness such an important issue this is a nice touch to be able to shut the engine down while passing
pedestrians A remote elec- tric choke is also provided
but its functioning was very sporadic and was never needed after the days inshyitial start up You should Loctite the throttle setting after getting the proper blower pressure
The oil filter fuel system and spark plugs are very handy for servicing Howshyever the obscure placement of oil drain plugs on this engine will surely lead to some very long service inshytervals Plan on installing
an extension pipe with a tight cap The air filter seemed to have the shakes at certain revs but it always stayed put
Fuel consumption is a modest 093 galhour at 2200 rpm with just slightly more than 6 psi at the nozzle This pressure will handle high label rate apshyplications of malathion at 10 mph With six gallons of usable fuel supply one can expect about 5 12 hours of continuous operation
The Roots-Dresser Model 45middotRA1 rotary lobed blower needs very little inshytroduction Its a solid reliable hunk of iron that requires little servicing if treated vith care The drive coupling and filter are both quality components
Text continues on page 6
Fll WHEELS SPEC SHEET
LONDON FOG MODEL 18-20 ULV AEROSOL GENERATOR
MANUFACTUitER I ~ middot--
London Fog Incorporated 505 Brimhall Lane Long Lake Minnesota 55356
I ENGINE II
Yfanufacturer Kohler Co Yiodel Magnum 18 JYpe Alum block iron cylinders
opposed twin electric start Valvetrain L-head 2-valvecyl Displacement 422 cu in691 cc Bore x stroke 312 in275 in Horsepower 18 bhp 3600 rpm Torque 290 lb-ft 2600 rpm Lubrication pressure wfilter
I CHASSIS I Layout direct drive Frame steel hat-sectionbox Mounts engineblower mounted
solid to frameskids
DIMBNSIONS
Length 48 Width 38 Height (nozzle 45deg) 46 Weight (dry) 460 lbs209 kg
I REMOTE CONTRO~ I Switch(es) Spray SprayFlush
Ignition OnOff Start Choke Indicator Lights none
I DIDPLBTSPICTRUM
I PRICE I Base Price $6850 FOB Long Lake
MN Price as Tested $6882 (inc battery)
I BLOWB-COMPRESSOR I Manufacturer Roots-Dresser Model 45 Universal RAI JYpe cast iron rotary double-lobe
positive displacement Displacement Output ( 2500 RPM60 PSI)
241 CFM Max speed 3050 RPM Max Pressure 10 PSI68 kPa Filter Solberg (pleated wire gauze)
element 30-SS
FLUID CAPACITIES
Fuel capacity 62 gal2347 liter Engine oil 35 pints17 liter InsecHcide tank 15 gal568 liter Flush tank 2 gal47 liter
I INSTampUMBNTATION I Pressure liquid filled gauge blower Flow Rate scale on pump base Safety cut-off blower pressure switch
(Cythion 76deg-78degF by Teflon slide wave 25 feet)
Flow Rate (ozml) MMD (avg3) Largest Droplet 43127 1627 4200 mu 43127 1560 4025 mu 86254 1827 5250 mu 43127 1334 3150 mu 86254 1478 5025 mu
Pressure (manometer) 50 60 60 70 70
5
NOISE LEVELS
RPW Truck Cab 2000 82 dBA 2200 85 dBA 2400 88 dBA
I FUEL CONSUMPlION
1800 RPM 058 GPH 2000 RPM 076 GPH 2200 RPM 093 GPH 2400 RPM 117 GPH
Sidewalk 89 d BA 92 dBA 96 dBA
I FLOW CONTROL ACCURACY
(through nozzle 60 PSI) Setting Range (scale) (mllmin)
5 256-265 10 360-360 25 857-684 50 941-950
[ GAUE ACCURACY
Average (mllmin)
262 360 661 943
Gauge Manometer (nozzle) Speed 40 PSI 33 (27 PSI 1490 RPM 50 PSI 43 (36) PSI 1700 RPM 60 PSI 55 (46) PSI 1910 RPM 70 PSI 64 (54) PSI 2070 RPM 80 PSI 75 (63) PSI 2225 RPW 90 PSI 86 (72 PSI 2345 RPM
NEW GENERATION Continued from page 4
that should be about as trouble free The distinctive element of the 18-20
and what jumped London Fog into thi~ foray is its interesting-appearing nozzle The inverted cone housing holds several pieces of nylon with a stainless tube through the middle The external shape was apparently chosen to create a smoother introduction of the airblast at the point of discharge The design strays from the more common Hession patent by not using a center venturi to draw the liquid into the swirl area The swirl effect for the air blast is created by angular holes drilled in the center nylon body and not the more common turning vanes The insecticide is carshyried by a 14-inch 00 stainless tube passing through the center of this nylon assembly terminating in the swirl area There are no small passages to plug up here
The droplet tests that we perform on these units are designed to create the toughest possible scenario to which they likely will be subjected American Cyanamids Cythion which is a very viscous material applied at high rates is cooled to 76deg-78degF to simulate the lower range at which this product will be used On cold days the heat of the engine warms the insecticide to about this level Normally the check slide is scanned for 200 droplets however we also scan the entire slide for the largest droplet that can be found Unless this droplet falls in the first 200 it is not included in the MMD (Mass Median Diameter) calculations but is noted on the specification sheet The MMD is averaged for three slides while the largest droplet is the extreme found on any one of the three slides
The new nozzle in combination with an overly baffled muffler which serves as the riser from the blower helps keep the 18-20 a relatively quiet machine We measured only 85 decishybels (2200 rpm) in the truck cab with the windows down The elevated nozshyzle position should help to keep the spray plume clear of disturbed air curmiddot rents created by the truck cab at
elevated spraying speeds The insecticide-handling chores have
been turned over to a Fluid Metering Inc rotary piston pump This is a conshystant flow system that can survive corshyrosive liquids while being able to supply more flow than the nozzle ever needs The pump is equipped with a pressure safety cutoff and a pulse dampener all located within the flow control box
The FMJ Model QB-2-CSY pump head uses a ceramic piston turning in a carbon liner encased in a stainless steel case This is a high-precision quality unit that with a little care and clean insecticide can last forever The pumps electric motor drive relies on a constant electrical system voltage to maintain its fixed speed The engines alternator is equipped with a regulator that during our testing held the voltage within a very narrow range
The table on flow control accuracy has been replaced with flow repeatshyability because the system doesnt display the flow rate Calibration of the pump is pretty much cut-and~try middot but once it is locked down the repeatabilshyity was exceUent If the vehicles elecshytrical system is used to replace the batshytery on the sprayer make sure that the truck engine is running while youre performing flow checks
Both the formulation and flushing systems are controlled with electric solenoid valves The valves are normiddot mally closed then opened through actuation of the cab-mounted control panels onoff switch Selection (spray t1ush) is done with a double throw switch on the panel as well Liquid fi ltration is handled by a properly sized fine mesh filter placed in the line after the solenoid valves You may want to remount this filter right side up to facilitate cleaning without dumping inshysecticide over the sprayer
A slick way to purge the lines filters and valves during maintenance work is to reverse the motors polarity (swapshyping the red and black leads on the tershyminal strip) and pump the insecticide back into the tank Dont forget to reconnect the motor leads properly before using the sprayer again
Simplicity has a habit of enduring
6
The 18-20 was built arouoc ~ strong basic components witpoundshyfrills to be operator-friendlv ~ trol function the operator be_ shyneed is available in the remomiddot The engine and blower are a ~ combination that should g~J -- tance This is a very sc-bull shymachine that has few surp- maintenance personnel Lonl - -shyULV units have always been C and this one is no exception
Long Lake Minnesota mabull - shyalong the River Thames nu~ middotmiddot _ land that brags of 1000 ferocious mosquitoes must SL~~ a role in the development of ]a~~ insect adulticiding equipme~ - =shyour perspective London Fopound ~-shycommitted to developing ~-_ based on input from the frisr~ ple having to use it
Jim Robinson is Director u Pasco County Mosquito Con District Odessa Florida aod Co-director of the WHO r laboraing Center for Test and Evaluation of Pesticide pshyplication Equipment
Joe Ruff is the Director of Dog Fly Control Program or Florida Department of Hea and Rehabilitative Servi~ Panama City He bas worked mosquito control equipm~ development and calibrah with mosquito control distrk for over 20 years
Chip Chat
bull Windtows on the Future Glennon Dodd
mphecy is usually riskier for the ~ipient than the prophet Oracles are =mous for their two-edged ambiguity ~-~d studies have shown that astrology
Tlltks because people only remember len the predictions are right and
middoto-get all the times they are wrong ~ ake enough guesses and you are mnd to be right some of the time
So without fear originality or warshy-anties of any kind I now predict the __ ture of the small business computer IJi the next five years
fOLLOW THAT BANDWAGON
The fundamental microcomputer of ile next half-decade will be an ISA ~BM-type using a 386 computer chip 2nd running MS-DOS and Microsoft
middotvindows As predictions go this is Jrudent and without the tragic gotshyha ambiguities of old-time oracles n fact its a little like characters in Pogo predicting that Eisenhower will oefeat Stevenson in 52 [past history is so much safer to predict than future tistory) Its a done deal
In the remainder of this article Im ~ong to discuss a few of the whys vf Windows and the whats of the ~uipment needed to run it
HCROSOFT SHOULD PAY ME fOR T HIS PART
Windows is a program manager a p-ogram integrator a memory manshyger and a Graphical User Interface GU D for computers running the stanshy
card MSPC-DOS operating system As = program manager it allows you to 5ta rt programs by pointing and -~ooUng with a mouse More imporshyu=ntly it allows you to switch quickly u-nong programs (each running in its ~parate window as though it had
the entire computer to itself) without having to close one before starting the next Some programs can run in the background while you are using another
As a program integrator Windows allows you to cut and paste data from one program to another some proshygrams written especially to run under windows can share data (including graphics) directly Also in this role Windows provides a set of services and rules for all programs so users learn how to start a program print reports find Help and save data only one time
As a memory manager Windows allocates each program the memory it needs including those mysterious realms of Expanded and Extended memory If necessary programs and data can be shjfted to and from hard disk aJUtomat ically as needed
As a graphical user interface it provides a picture-based environment where you seldom use memorized commands fnstead the system is mouse-driven as much as possible and provides menus visual clues and promp1ls to guide you to the next step The graphical interface also allows you to see several windowed programs at the same time
Bid Deal say Macintosh owners who have had services Like this for years Big Lawsuit say Apple exshyecutives (accompanied by gleeful Big New Car exclamations from Apples and Microsofts and everyone elses lawyers) Old Hat says Steve Jobs and the three people who bought NeXt computers last year- and everyone at Xerox I[ who just released a new user inshyterface based on the metaphor of an ofshyfice building) agrees Rats say the developers of Desqview which proshyvides ~ervices simjlar to Windows but is not going to win the -race
7
Well it is old hat But it is a comfortshyable fedora that fits a bunch of people and doesnt clash with the existing wardrobe (Translation most current DOS programs will work under Windows)
Besides in computing you only want the very latest when its obsolete But still why is Windows so important and so inevitable The first answer is cirshycular it is important because imporshytant people-users and program develshyopers-think it is important The number and quality of programs that require Windows 30 is going to skyrocket Second and more imporshytant like the Macintosh Desqview and other windoweduser interfaces it brings the computer closer to the way people really work During the day we are always reviewing multiple data sources entering new data into various files and we are always being intershyrupted A computer that can handle only one program at a time gets in the way almost as much as it helps A windowed computer however is no longer a tool it is a work environment that can easily tolerate the impulsive human indiscipline of the real workshyplace Third it is a standard In the future when a program claims to run under Windows and lists the Windows services it can use you will have some assurance it will install simply and work cooperatively with other winshydows-based programs without crashshying the system
BUT THEY DIDNT
Microsoft Windows 30 is inexpenshysive (under $100 from most discount houses) and largely bug-free but it is not perfect Installation is much easier than earlier versions but many will
Continued on page 9
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
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cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
-~ middot~ r- middot t~ c-r bull bull 1 ~
KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
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headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
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10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
~middot ampau Editor~ Dr Charlie Morris f lorida Medical Entomology ~aborelory IFAS-Unlvarslly of Florida 200 9th Street SE 32962 ~071778-7200
Assistant EdilorJulie Tucker McClary Vero Bch FL
Photo Edilor Alan Cbulltrll~ Vero Beach FL
Graphics Editor Bonnie K llnllok Vero Beach FL
FMCA MAGAZINE COMMITTEE Glennon Dodd Vero Beach FL lltellie euro1herson Gainesville r t Gene lemlrc C11llir Naples FL David Miller Jocksonvillc FL Or Carlisle Rathburn Po nom~ Cily f1 jim Robinson Odessa fl joe RuH Panama Cily f1 Scot Taylor Tilusville Ft Sue Whitaker Sarasota Fl Neil Wilkinson Fort Myero Ft Pete Pedcrsou Ahooua f l
AMCA- MA GAZINE COMMITTE F llr Ma jor Dhillon Rtvorsido CA M a ltgaret Pa rsOI5 ~uoabull OH Cyrus Lesser Salisbury MO Or Lewis Nielsen Sail l~k d tv UT Or Charles Apperson Raleigh NC Or john Howard Syr11cll$e NY Or Chesler Moore Fort Collins CO S~lly Wagner Saginaw M I Or Wayne Kramer Lincoln NE )ames McNeil)bull Cape M~y Courthouse N) DI Alice Anderson A~antic leach NC llr Edward Walker EM Lansing Ml Dr William )any lahasllta PA Lucas Terracina lake Charlci bA Kern Walcher Va ldosla CA Dr Bruce Eldndgc Davis CA
FLORIDA MOSQUITO CONTROl ASSOCIATION P 0 Box 11067 Jacksonville fL 32211 9047~31482 FAX ~1)4743-6879
1990middot91 Board of Directors PRESIDENT J Clarke Hudson Orlando Fl PRESlfJENTmiddot ELlCT Oscar T fullz Savannah GA VICE PR ESIDENT George Wlchlerman fl My~trs fl SCRETARYbullTREASURER tls~b~h Deck
facksonvillc ft IMMEDIATE PAST-PRESIDENT Frank OS ~gtvans
Ft Pier~e FL NW REGIONAL DIRECTOR Gene Bakor
Tallahassee IL Nft REGIONAL DIRECTOR Joe Cosh Flagler Beach FL SW REGIONAL DIRECTOR Michael Mahlur
nartow rL SE REGIONA L OIRECTOR Marion Nelms Miaml FL
AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 707 East Prien Lale Road P 0 nogt~ 5416 Lake Charles LA 70606-5416 316147 4middot2723 FAX 316478middot9434
1990middot91 Board of Directorso PRESihENT Dr Robrl 0 Sjogre11 SJ Paul MN PR ESOENT ELECT Mallhew M Yaltts Baton
Rouge LA VICE PRESIDENT Cyrus R Lesser Salillury MD PRES I DENT 1959 Judy A Hbullnsbull n Cape May Court
House NJ PRESIDENT 1988~ Or Rrucc P Eldrldgc Davis CA TREASURER lohn S 6illodeaux Jennings lA EXECIJrtVE DIRECTOR Dr Ha rold C Chapman
Lake Charles [A
REGIONAL DIRECTORS Canada Or Murry H Colbo Sl Johns
Newfoundla nd North Atlantic Thomas Conrlelett i Borncsal NJ MldmiddotAllanllc Or Nolan H Newlon Raleigh NC South Atlantic Or John A Mulruonon lr
jadsonvillc FL North Central Dr Oau D Arown Decatur IL South Central Cha rles T Palmisano Slidell IA West Centralgt Jltelth Watwbullrr Midvalo UT North Paclnc Peter DeChant Portland OR Snulh Pacific fl fred Oearru Sa111a Ana CA LuUn AmencanmiddotCaribbean n Marco F Suarez
CONTENTS Fly Wheels The New Generation from London 4 by James Robinson and joe Ruff
Heres a column that provides an independent evaluation of mosquito control equipment that you cant find in print anywhere else In this issue Floridas JRs examine the London Fog of 1991 a break from the past
Chip Chat Windows on the f uture bull 7 by Glennon Dodd
Computer technologies continue to get bigger foster more user-friendly and less confusing to the non-technicrat Here ore the recommendations for a computer system that will not only meet the needs of most mosquito control programs for years to came but will also help get the computer-phobics on-line
Going Public Making Society Mosquito-Wise 20 by Neil Wllkinson
As public pressure mounts against environmental contamination mosquito control comes under 1ncreosing scrutiny for the way it uses pesticides Educashytion is the surest way to have an informed public Here is how Florida mosshyquito control programs are addressing this timely and critical issue
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it ain t football 12 by Charlie Morris PhD
Putting a foot in your mouth can spoil your day but to put your tongue-inshycheek can make it special Here for your enjoyment iS one mosquito control story that Is on the light side - the first edition of Pest Asides
Leading Edge RADAR A Cure for Your Rainy Day Blues 14 by Scott Ritchie PhD
Sometimes the solutions to problems ore right in front of our eyes but we do not see Scott Ritchie has seen the light or rather he hasnt seen the rain but he knows where it fell without the aid of rain gouges or weather watchers Heles his secret and possibly the solution youve been looking for
The Florida Mosquito Control Association has not tested any of the products advertised or referred to in this publicalion nor has it verified any of the sta teme nts made in any of the advermiddot tisements or articles The Association does not warrant exptmiddotessly or implied the fitness of any product advertised or the suitability of any advice or stalements contained herein
1991 Florida Mosqu ito Control Association All rights reserved Reproduction in whole or part without pemtission is prohibited
WING BEATS Published quarterly as the official publication of the Florida Mosquito Control Association and the American Mosquito Conlrol Association This publication is intended to keep al l interested parties informed on matters as they relate to mosquito control particularly in the United States
EDITORIAL Address all correspondence regarding tec hnical editorial matters to Or Charlie Morris Editor Wing Beats magazine Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IF AS-University of Florida 200 9th St SE Vero Beach FL 32962 telephone 407778middot7200 FAX 407778middot7205
ABOUT THE COVER A fou rth ins tar larva of Orthopodomyia pulchripolpis from Orgosolo Sarshydinia The a rtistry is by LE Munstermann PhD University of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana
Fly Wheels The New Generation from London
James Robinson and Joe Ruff
London Fog the name itself conjures visions of dark nights shrouded in a thick veil of mist too thick to see through yet too thin to cut What a great handle for mosquito adulticiding equipment
Certainly Minnesota seems a likely enough place to build mosquito control sprayers Home to Hendersons Mosshyquito Days celebration its also home to our wonderful president Bob Sjogren and the largest individual mosquito control operation in the country These peoshyple should certainly undershystand mosquitoes
Well these good folks from the far north are at it again They have broken with their tradition of thershymal foggers and high pressure air atomizing equipment to design a high air flowlow pressure ULV (ultra low volume)
The London Aire Model 18-20 is akin to a brides costume something old something new something borrowed and (in this case) something red The engineblower layout uses Roots double-lobe blower that has been around enough to be the industry standard The pear-shaped nozzle that sets the machine off is a brand new twist using some proven technology London Fog has used FMI metering pumps to regulate insecticide on their ULV machines for years but this time the pump is electrified Finally the red item that defines the number 18 in the Model 18-20 is Kohlers Magnum 18-horse power twin-cylinder engine
Fresh out of the crate the unit was easy to install on our 12 ton 4x4 pickup The frame has mounting holes tucked under the channel frame at the
corners There are no vibration isolators provided on the engine blower unit but the entire assembly could be set on rubber mounts When erecting the nozzle and r iser you might want to put some hi-temp silishycone gasket gel on the flanges before bolting them together The upper 4 bolt flange at the nozzle body is another likely silicone candidate
The arrangement of the various comshyponents engineblower metering
equipment and tanks is not quite in the conventional order The gasoline tank and the insecticide metering pump are located at the rear of the unit The polyethylene insecticide and flush tanks are mounted at the front while the engineblower hookup straddles the middle The whole unit is short enough (48 inches) to be mounted transversely in a full-sized pickup This orientation will place the nozzle closer to the rear of the truck
Kohlers 18-horse twin is quite similar to the more familiar Briggs amp Stratton counterpart This engine however has a more square bore stroke ratio and produces slightly more torque (290 versus 278) than its
4
Milwaukee neighbor Certain difshyferences include cast-iron cylinder barshyrels that are removable from the aluminum crankcase and both crankshyshaft main bearings are pressureshylubricated sleeves
The electric starter is equipped with a solenoid switch that permits quick starts from the remote cab panel With pesticide awareness such an important issue this is a nice touch to be able to shut the engine down while passing
pedestrians A remote elec- tric choke is also provided
but its functioning was very sporadic and was never needed after the days inshyitial start up You should Loctite the throttle setting after getting the proper blower pressure
The oil filter fuel system and spark plugs are very handy for servicing Howshyever the obscure placement of oil drain plugs on this engine will surely lead to some very long service inshytervals Plan on installing
an extension pipe with a tight cap The air filter seemed to have the shakes at certain revs but it always stayed put
Fuel consumption is a modest 093 galhour at 2200 rpm with just slightly more than 6 psi at the nozzle This pressure will handle high label rate apshyplications of malathion at 10 mph With six gallons of usable fuel supply one can expect about 5 12 hours of continuous operation
The Roots-Dresser Model 45middotRA1 rotary lobed blower needs very little inshytroduction Its a solid reliable hunk of iron that requires little servicing if treated vith care The drive coupling and filter are both quality components
Text continues on page 6
Fll WHEELS SPEC SHEET
LONDON FOG MODEL 18-20 ULV AEROSOL GENERATOR
MANUFACTUitER I ~ middot--
London Fog Incorporated 505 Brimhall Lane Long Lake Minnesota 55356
I ENGINE II
Yfanufacturer Kohler Co Yiodel Magnum 18 JYpe Alum block iron cylinders
opposed twin electric start Valvetrain L-head 2-valvecyl Displacement 422 cu in691 cc Bore x stroke 312 in275 in Horsepower 18 bhp 3600 rpm Torque 290 lb-ft 2600 rpm Lubrication pressure wfilter
I CHASSIS I Layout direct drive Frame steel hat-sectionbox Mounts engineblower mounted
solid to frameskids
DIMBNSIONS
Length 48 Width 38 Height (nozzle 45deg) 46 Weight (dry) 460 lbs209 kg
I REMOTE CONTRO~ I Switch(es) Spray SprayFlush
Ignition OnOff Start Choke Indicator Lights none
I DIDPLBTSPICTRUM
I PRICE I Base Price $6850 FOB Long Lake
MN Price as Tested $6882 (inc battery)
I BLOWB-COMPRESSOR I Manufacturer Roots-Dresser Model 45 Universal RAI JYpe cast iron rotary double-lobe
positive displacement Displacement Output ( 2500 RPM60 PSI)
241 CFM Max speed 3050 RPM Max Pressure 10 PSI68 kPa Filter Solberg (pleated wire gauze)
element 30-SS
FLUID CAPACITIES
Fuel capacity 62 gal2347 liter Engine oil 35 pints17 liter InsecHcide tank 15 gal568 liter Flush tank 2 gal47 liter
I INSTampUMBNTATION I Pressure liquid filled gauge blower Flow Rate scale on pump base Safety cut-off blower pressure switch
(Cythion 76deg-78degF by Teflon slide wave 25 feet)
Flow Rate (ozml) MMD (avg3) Largest Droplet 43127 1627 4200 mu 43127 1560 4025 mu 86254 1827 5250 mu 43127 1334 3150 mu 86254 1478 5025 mu
Pressure (manometer) 50 60 60 70 70
5
NOISE LEVELS
RPW Truck Cab 2000 82 dBA 2200 85 dBA 2400 88 dBA
I FUEL CONSUMPlION
1800 RPM 058 GPH 2000 RPM 076 GPH 2200 RPM 093 GPH 2400 RPM 117 GPH
Sidewalk 89 d BA 92 dBA 96 dBA
I FLOW CONTROL ACCURACY
(through nozzle 60 PSI) Setting Range (scale) (mllmin)
5 256-265 10 360-360 25 857-684 50 941-950
[ GAUE ACCURACY
Average (mllmin)
262 360 661 943
Gauge Manometer (nozzle) Speed 40 PSI 33 (27 PSI 1490 RPM 50 PSI 43 (36) PSI 1700 RPM 60 PSI 55 (46) PSI 1910 RPM 70 PSI 64 (54) PSI 2070 RPM 80 PSI 75 (63) PSI 2225 RPW 90 PSI 86 (72 PSI 2345 RPM
NEW GENERATION Continued from page 4
that should be about as trouble free The distinctive element of the 18-20
and what jumped London Fog into thi~ foray is its interesting-appearing nozzle The inverted cone housing holds several pieces of nylon with a stainless tube through the middle The external shape was apparently chosen to create a smoother introduction of the airblast at the point of discharge The design strays from the more common Hession patent by not using a center venturi to draw the liquid into the swirl area The swirl effect for the air blast is created by angular holes drilled in the center nylon body and not the more common turning vanes The insecticide is carshyried by a 14-inch 00 stainless tube passing through the center of this nylon assembly terminating in the swirl area There are no small passages to plug up here
The droplet tests that we perform on these units are designed to create the toughest possible scenario to which they likely will be subjected American Cyanamids Cythion which is a very viscous material applied at high rates is cooled to 76deg-78degF to simulate the lower range at which this product will be used On cold days the heat of the engine warms the insecticide to about this level Normally the check slide is scanned for 200 droplets however we also scan the entire slide for the largest droplet that can be found Unless this droplet falls in the first 200 it is not included in the MMD (Mass Median Diameter) calculations but is noted on the specification sheet The MMD is averaged for three slides while the largest droplet is the extreme found on any one of the three slides
The new nozzle in combination with an overly baffled muffler which serves as the riser from the blower helps keep the 18-20 a relatively quiet machine We measured only 85 decishybels (2200 rpm) in the truck cab with the windows down The elevated nozshyzle position should help to keep the spray plume clear of disturbed air curmiddot rents created by the truck cab at
elevated spraying speeds The insecticide-handling chores have
been turned over to a Fluid Metering Inc rotary piston pump This is a conshystant flow system that can survive corshyrosive liquids while being able to supply more flow than the nozzle ever needs The pump is equipped with a pressure safety cutoff and a pulse dampener all located within the flow control box
The FMJ Model QB-2-CSY pump head uses a ceramic piston turning in a carbon liner encased in a stainless steel case This is a high-precision quality unit that with a little care and clean insecticide can last forever The pumps electric motor drive relies on a constant electrical system voltage to maintain its fixed speed The engines alternator is equipped with a regulator that during our testing held the voltage within a very narrow range
The table on flow control accuracy has been replaced with flow repeatshyability because the system doesnt display the flow rate Calibration of the pump is pretty much cut-and~try middot but once it is locked down the repeatabilshyity was exceUent If the vehicles elecshytrical system is used to replace the batshytery on the sprayer make sure that the truck engine is running while youre performing flow checks
Both the formulation and flushing systems are controlled with electric solenoid valves The valves are normiddot mally closed then opened through actuation of the cab-mounted control panels onoff switch Selection (spray t1ush) is done with a double throw switch on the panel as well Liquid fi ltration is handled by a properly sized fine mesh filter placed in the line after the solenoid valves You may want to remount this filter right side up to facilitate cleaning without dumping inshysecticide over the sprayer
A slick way to purge the lines filters and valves during maintenance work is to reverse the motors polarity (swapshyping the red and black leads on the tershyminal strip) and pump the insecticide back into the tank Dont forget to reconnect the motor leads properly before using the sprayer again
Simplicity has a habit of enduring
6
The 18-20 was built arouoc ~ strong basic components witpoundshyfrills to be operator-friendlv ~ trol function the operator be_ shyneed is available in the remomiddot The engine and blower are a ~ combination that should g~J -- tance This is a very sc-bull shymachine that has few surp- maintenance personnel Lonl - -shyULV units have always been C and this one is no exception
Long Lake Minnesota mabull - shyalong the River Thames nu~ middotmiddot _ land that brags of 1000 ferocious mosquitoes must SL~~ a role in the development of ]a~~ insect adulticiding equipme~ - =shyour perspective London Fopound ~-shycommitted to developing ~-_ based on input from the frisr~ ple having to use it
Jim Robinson is Director u Pasco County Mosquito Con District Odessa Florida aod Co-director of the WHO r laboraing Center for Test and Evaluation of Pesticide pshyplication Equipment
Joe Ruff is the Director of Dog Fly Control Program or Florida Department of Hea and Rehabilitative Servi~ Panama City He bas worked mosquito control equipm~ development and calibrah with mosquito control distrk for over 20 years
Chip Chat
bull Windtows on the Future Glennon Dodd
mphecy is usually riskier for the ~ipient than the prophet Oracles are =mous for their two-edged ambiguity ~-~d studies have shown that astrology
Tlltks because people only remember len the predictions are right and
middoto-get all the times they are wrong ~ ake enough guesses and you are mnd to be right some of the time
So without fear originality or warshy-anties of any kind I now predict the __ ture of the small business computer IJi the next five years
fOLLOW THAT BANDWAGON
The fundamental microcomputer of ile next half-decade will be an ISA ~BM-type using a 386 computer chip 2nd running MS-DOS and Microsoft
middotvindows As predictions go this is Jrudent and without the tragic gotshyha ambiguities of old-time oracles n fact its a little like characters in Pogo predicting that Eisenhower will oefeat Stevenson in 52 [past history is so much safer to predict than future tistory) Its a done deal
In the remainder of this article Im ~ong to discuss a few of the whys vf Windows and the whats of the ~uipment needed to run it
HCROSOFT SHOULD PAY ME fOR T HIS PART
Windows is a program manager a p-ogram integrator a memory manshyger and a Graphical User Interface GU D for computers running the stanshy
card MSPC-DOS operating system As = program manager it allows you to 5ta rt programs by pointing and -~ooUng with a mouse More imporshyu=ntly it allows you to switch quickly u-nong programs (each running in its ~parate window as though it had
the entire computer to itself) without having to close one before starting the next Some programs can run in the background while you are using another
As a program integrator Windows allows you to cut and paste data from one program to another some proshygrams written especially to run under windows can share data (including graphics) directly Also in this role Windows provides a set of services and rules for all programs so users learn how to start a program print reports find Help and save data only one time
As a memory manager Windows allocates each program the memory it needs including those mysterious realms of Expanded and Extended memory If necessary programs and data can be shjfted to and from hard disk aJUtomat ically as needed
As a graphical user interface it provides a picture-based environment where you seldom use memorized commands fnstead the system is mouse-driven as much as possible and provides menus visual clues and promp1ls to guide you to the next step The graphical interface also allows you to see several windowed programs at the same time
Bid Deal say Macintosh owners who have had services Like this for years Big Lawsuit say Apple exshyecutives (accompanied by gleeful Big New Car exclamations from Apples and Microsofts and everyone elses lawyers) Old Hat says Steve Jobs and the three people who bought NeXt computers last year- and everyone at Xerox I[ who just released a new user inshyterface based on the metaphor of an ofshyfice building) agrees Rats say the developers of Desqview which proshyvides ~ervices simjlar to Windows but is not going to win the -race
7
Well it is old hat But it is a comfortshyable fedora that fits a bunch of people and doesnt clash with the existing wardrobe (Translation most current DOS programs will work under Windows)
Besides in computing you only want the very latest when its obsolete But still why is Windows so important and so inevitable The first answer is cirshycular it is important because imporshytant people-users and program develshyopers-think it is important The number and quality of programs that require Windows 30 is going to skyrocket Second and more imporshytant like the Macintosh Desqview and other windoweduser interfaces it brings the computer closer to the way people really work During the day we are always reviewing multiple data sources entering new data into various files and we are always being intershyrupted A computer that can handle only one program at a time gets in the way almost as much as it helps A windowed computer however is no longer a tool it is a work environment that can easily tolerate the impulsive human indiscipline of the real workshyplace Third it is a standard In the future when a program claims to run under Windows and lists the Windows services it can use you will have some assurance it will install simply and work cooperatively with other winshydows-based programs without crashshying the system
BUT THEY DIDNT
Microsoft Windows 30 is inexpenshysive (under $100 from most discount houses) and largely bug-free but it is not perfect Installation is much easier than earlier versions but many will
Continued on page 9
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
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cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
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KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
llUl
M0$11Uito coilfrol
headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
IJCHEMICAL -=CONTAINERS INC
PO BOX 1307 lAKE WALES FL 33859 PHONE (813) 638-1407 FAX (813) 638-3182
10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
(800) 367 middot1299 REGIONAL OFFICES
bull AUSTIN TEXAS bullCHARLESTONf=SOUTH
CAROLINA bull OAT LAUDERDALE~ FLORIDA bull MONROE LuUISIANA
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
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WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
Fly Wheels The New Generation from London
James Robinson and Joe Ruff
London Fog the name itself conjures visions of dark nights shrouded in a thick veil of mist too thick to see through yet too thin to cut What a great handle for mosquito adulticiding equipment
Certainly Minnesota seems a likely enough place to build mosquito control sprayers Home to Hendersons Mosshyquito Days celebration its also home to our wonderful president Bob Sjogren and the largest individual mosquito control operation in the country These peoshyple should certainly undershystand mosquitoes
Well these good folks from the far north are at it again They have broken with their tradition of thershymal foggers and high pressure air atomizing equipment to design a high air flowlow pressure ULV (ultra low volume)
The London Aire Model 18-20 is akin to a brides costume something old something new something borrowed and (in this case) something red The engineblower layout uses Roots double-lobe blower that has been around enough to be the industry standard The pear-shaped nozzle that sets the machine off is a brand new twist using some proven technology London Fog has used FMI metering pumps to regulate insecticide on their ULV machines for years but this time the pump is electrified Finally the red item that defines the number 18 in the Model 18-20 is Kohlers Magnum 18-horse power twin-cylinder engine
Fresh out of the crate the unit was easy to install on our 12 ton 4x4 pickup The frame has mounting holes tucked under the channel frame at the
corners There are no vibration isolators provided on the engine blower unit but the entire assembly could be set on rubber mounts When erecting the nozzle and r iser you might want to put some hi-temp silishycone gasket gel on the flanges before bolting them together The upper 4 bolt flange at the nozzle body is another likely silicone candidate
The arrangement of the various comshyponents engineblower metering
equipment and tanks is not quite in the conventional order The gasoline tank and the insecticide metering pump are located at the rear of the unit The polyethylene insecticide and flush tanks are mounted at the front while the engineblower hookup straddles the middle The whole unit is short enough (48 inches) to be mounted transversely in a full-sized pickup This orientation will place the nozzle closer to the rear of the truck
Kohlers 18-horse twin is quite similar to the more familiar Briggs amp Stratton counterpart This engine however has a more square bore stroke ratio and produces slightly more torque (290 versus 278) than its
4
Milwaukee neighbor Certain difshyferences include cast-iron cylinder barshyrels that are removable from the aluminum crankcase and both crankshyshaft main bearings are pressureshylubricated sleeves
The electric starter is equipped with a solenoid switch that permits quick starts from the remote cab panel With pesticide awareness such an important issue this is a nice touch to be able to shut the engine down while passing
pedestrians A remote elec- tric choke is also provided
but its functioning was very sporadic and was never needed after the days inshyitial start up You should Loctite the throttle setting after getting the proper blower pressure
The oil filter fuel system and spark plugs are very handy for servicing Howshyever the obscure placement of oil drain plugs on this engine will surely lead to some very long service inshytervals Plan on installing
an extension pipe with a tight cap The air filter seemed to have the shakes at certain revs but it always stayed put
Fuel consumption is a modest 093 galhour at 2200 rpm with just slightly more than 6 psi at the nozzle This pressure will handle high label rate apshyplications of malathion at 10 mph With six gallons of usable fuel supply one can expect about 5 12 hours of continuous operation
The Roots-Dresser Model 45middotRA1 rotary lobed blower needs very little inshytroduction Its a solid reliable hunk of iron that requires little servicing if treated vith care The drive coupling and filter are both quality components
Text continues on page 6
Fll WHEELS SPEC SHEET
LONDON FOG MODEL 18-20 ULV AEROSOL GENERATOR
MANUFACTUitER I ~ middot--
London Fog Incorporated 505 Brimhall Lane Long Lake Minnesota 55356
I ENGINE II
Yfanufacturer Kohler Co Yiodel Magnum 18 JYpe Alum block iron cylinders
opposed twin electric start Valvetrain L-head 2-valvecyl Displacement 422 cu in691 cc Bore x stroke 312 in275 in Horsepower 18 bhp 3600 rpm Torque 290 lb-ft 2600 rpm Lubrication pressure wfilter
I CHASSIS I Layout direct drive Frame steel hat-sectionbox Mounts engineblower mounted
solid to frameskids
DIMBNSIONS
Length 48 Width 38 Height (nozzle 45deg) 46 Weight (dry) 460 lbs209 kg
I REMOTE CONTRO~ I Switch(es) Spray SprayFlush
Ignition OnOff Start Choke Indicator Lights none
I DIDPLBTSPICTRUM
I PRICE I Base Price $6850 FOB Long Lake
MN Price as Tested $6882 (inc battery)
I BLOWB-COMPRESSOR I Manufacturer Roots-Dresser Model 45 Universal RAI JYpe cast iron rotary double-lobe
positive displacement Displacement Output ( 2500 RPM60 PSI)
241 CFM Max speed 3050 RPM Max Pressure 10 PSI68 kPa Filter Solberg (pleated wire gauze)
element 30-SS
FLUID CAPACITIES
Fuel capacity 62 gal2347 liter Engine oil 35 pints17 liter InsecHcide tank 15 gal568 liter Flush tank 2 gal47 liter
I INSTampUMBNTATION I Pressure liquid filled gauge blower Flow Rate scale on pump base Safety cut-off blower pressure switch
(Cythion 76deg-78degF by Teflon slide wave 25 feet)
Flow Rate (ozml) MMD (avg3) Largest Droplet 43127 1627 4200 mu 43127 1560 4025 mu 86254 1827 5250 mu 43127 1334 3150 mu 86254 1478 5025 mu
Pressure (manometer) 50 60 60 70 70
5
NOISE LEVELS
RPW Truck Cab 2000 82 dBA 2200 85 dBA 2400 88 dBA
I FUEL CONSUMPlION
1800 RPM 058 GPH 2000 RPM 076 GPH 2200 RPM 093 GPH 2400 RPM 117 GPH
Sidewalk 89 d BA 92 dBA 96 dBA
I FLOW CONTROL ACCURACY
(through nozzle 60 PSI) Setting Range (scale) (mllmin)
5 256-265 10 360-360 25 857-684 50 941-950
[ GAUE ACCURACY
Average (mllmin)
262 360 661 943
Gauge Manometer (nozzle) Speed 40 PSI 33 (27 PSI 1490 RPM 50 PSI 43 (36) PSI 1700 RPM 60 PSI 55 (46) PSI 1910 RPM 70 PSI 64 (54) PSI 2070 RPM 80 PSI 75 (63) PSI 2225 RPW 90 PSI 86 (72 PSI 2345 RPM
NEW GENERATION Continued from page 4
that should be about as trouble free The distinctive element of the 18-20
and what jumped London Fog into thi~ foray is its interesting-appearing nozzle The inverted cone housing holds several pieces of nylon with a stainless tube through the middle The external shape was apparently chosen to create a smoother introduction of the airblast at the point of discharge The design strays from the more common Hession patent by not using a center venturi to draw the liquid into the swirl area The swirl effect for the air blast is created by angular holes drilled in the center nylon body and not the more common turning vanes The insecticide is carshyried by a 14-inch 00 stainless tube passing through the center of this nylon assembly terminating in the swirl area There are no small passages to plug up here
The droplet tests that we perform on these units are designed to create the toughest possible scenario to which they likely will be subjected American Cyanamids Cythion which is a very viscous material applied at high rates is cooled to 76deg-78degF to simulate the lower range at which this product will be used On cold days the heat of the engine warms the insecticide to about this level Normally the check slide is scanned for 200 droplets however we also scan the entire slide for the largest droplet that can be found Unless this droplet falls in the first 200 it is not included in the MMD (Mass Median Diameter) calculations but is noted on the specification sheet The MMD is averaged for three slides while the largest droplet is the extreme found on any one of the three slides
The new nozzle in combination with an overly baffled muffler which serves as the riser from the blower helps keep the 18-20 a relatively quiet machine We measured only 85 decishybels (2200 rpm) in the truck cab with the windows down The elevated nozshyzle position should help to keep the spray plume clear of disturbed air curmiddot rents created by the truck cab at
elevated spraying speeds The insecticide-handling chores have
been turned over to a Fluid Metering Inc rotary piston pump This is a conshystant flow system that can survive corshyrosive liquids while being able to supply more flow than the nozzle ever needs The pump is equipped with a pressure safety cutoff and a pulse dampener all located within the flow control box
The FMJ Model QB-2-CSY pump head uses a ceramic piston turning in a carbon liner encased in a stainless steel case This is a high-precision quality unit that with a little care and clean insecticide can last forever The pumps electric motor drive relies on a constant electrical system voltage to maintain its fixed speed The engines alternator is equipped with a regulator that during our testing held the voltage within a very narrow range
The table on flow control accuracy has been replaced with flow repeatshyability because the system doesnt display the flow rate Calibration of the pump is pretty much cut-and~try middot but once it is locked down the repeatabilshyity was exceUent If the vehicles elecshytrical system is used to replace the batshytery on the sprayer make sure that the truck engine is running while youre performing flow checks
Both the formulation and flushing systems are controlled with electric solenoid valves The valves are normiddot mally closed then opened through actuation of the cab-mounted control panels onoff switch Selection (spray t1ush) is done with a double throw switch on the panel as well Liquid fi ltration is handled by a properly sized fine mesh filter placed in the line after the solenoid valves You may want to remount this filter right side up to facilitate cleaning without dumping inshysecticide over the sprayer
A slick way to purge the lines filters and valves during maintenance work is to reverse the motors polarity (swapshyping the red and black leads on the tershyminal strip) and pump the insecticide back into the tank Dont forget to reconnect the motor leads properly before using the sprayer again
Simplicity has a habit of enduring
6
The 18-20 was built arouoc ~ strong basic components witpoundshyfrills to be operator-friendlv ~ trol function the operator be_ shyneed is available in the remomiddot The engine and blower are a ~ combination that should g~J -- tance This is a very sc-bull shymachine that has few surp- maintenance personnel Lonl - -shyULV units have always been C and this one is no exception
Long Lake Minnesota mabull - shyalong the River Thames nu~ middotmiddot _ land that brags of 1000 ferocious mosquitoes must SL~~ a role in the development of ]a~~ insect adulticiding equipme~ - =shyour perspective London Fopound ~-shycommitted to developing ~-_ based on input from the frisr~ ple having to use it
Jim Robinson is Director u Pasco County Mosquito Con District Odessa Florida aod Co-director of the WHO r laboraing Center for Test and Evaluation of Pesticide pshyplication Equipment
Joe Ruff is the Director of Dog Fly Control Program or Florida Department of Hea and Rehabilitative Servi~ Panama City He bas worked mosquito control equipm~ development and calibrah with mosquito control distrk for over 20 years
Chip Chat
bull Windtows on the Future Glennon Dodd
mphecy is usually riskier for the ~ipient than the prophet Oracles are =mous for their two-edged ambiguity ~-~d studies have shown that astrology
Tlltks because people only remember len the predictions are right and
middoto-get all the times they are wrong ~ ake enough guesses and you are mnd to be right some of the time
So without fear originality or warshy-anties of any kind I now predict the __ ture of the small business computer IJi the next five years
fOLLOW THAT BANDWAGON
The fundamental microcomputer of ile next half-decade will be an ISA ~BM-type using a 386 computer chip 2nd running MS-DOS and Microsoft
middotvindows As predictions go this is Jrudent and without the tragic gotshyha ambiguities of old-time oracles n fact its a little like characters in Pogo predicting that Eisenhower will oefeat Stevenson in 52 [past history is so much safer to predict than future tistory) Its a done deal
In the remainder of this article Im ~ong to discuss a few of the whys vf Windows and the whats of the ~uipment needed to run it
HCROSOFT SHOULD PAY ME fOR T HIS PART
Windows is a program manager a p-ogram integrator a memory manshyger and a Graphical User Interface GU D for computers running the stanshy
card MSPC-DOS operating system As = program manager it allows you to 5ta rt programs by pointing and -~ooUng with a mouse More imporshyu=ntly it allows you to switch quickly u-nong programs (each running in its ~parate window as though it had
the entire computer to itself) without having to close one before starting the next Some programs can run in the background while you are using another
As a program integrator Windows allows you to cut and paste data from one program to another some proshygrams written especially to run under windows can share data (including graphics) directly Also in this role Windows provides a set of services and rules for all programs so users learn how to start a program print reports find Help and save data only one time
As a memory manager Windows allocates each program the memory it needs including those mysterious realms of Expanded and Extended memory If necessary programs and data can be shjfted to and from hard disk aJUtomat ically as needed
As a graphical user interface it provides a picture-based environment where you seldom use memorized commands fnstead the system is mouse-driven as much as possible and provides menus visual clues and promp1ls to guide you to the next step The graphical interface also allows you to see several windowed programs at the same time
Bid Deal say Macintosh owners who have had services Like this for years Big Lawsuit say Apple exshyecutives (accompanied by gleeful Big New Car exclamations from Apples and Microsofts and everyone elses lawyers) Old Hat says Steve Jobs and the three people who bought NeXt computers last year- and everyone at Xerox I[ who just released a new user inshyterface based on the metaphor of an ofshyfice building) agrees Rats say the developers of Desqview which proshyvides ~ervices simjlar to Windows but is not going to win the -race
7
Well it is old hat But it is a comfortshyable fedora that fits a bunch of people and doesnt clash with the existing wardrobe (Translation most current DOS programs will work under Windows)
Besides in computing you only want the very latest when its obsolete But still why is Windows so important and so inevitable The first answer is cirshycular it is important because imporshytant people-users and program develshyopers-think it is important The number and quality of programs that require Windows 30 is going to skyrocket Second and more imporshytant like the Macintosh Desqview and other windoweduser interfaces it brings the computer closer to the way people really work During the day we are always reviewing multiple data sources entering new data into various files and we are always being intershyrupted A computer that can handle only one program at a time gets in the way almost as much as it helps A windowed computer however is no longer a tool it is a work environment that can easily tolerate the impulsive human indiscipline of the real workshyplace Third it is a standard In the future when a program claims to run under Windows and lists the Windows services it can use you will have some assurance it will install simply and work cooperatively with other winshydows-based programs without crashshying the system
BUT THEY DIDNT
Microsoft Windows 30 is inexpenshysive (under $100 from most discount houses) and largely bug-free but it is not perfect Installation is much easier than earlier versions but many will
Continued on page 9
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fomiddot t~1 bull thousands of communities overcome their insect problems I -
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Itmiddot h as a division ofWellcome Internationa l we t 1 rr Imiddot~_ 11 drampw upon the resources of over 100 research 1 ~
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
bull 386sx16 (runs at 16 megahertz) bull 2 megabytes of memory bull 60 megabytes of disk space bull VGA graphics card amp monitor I would prefer bull 386 running at 25 megahertz bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 100 megabytes or more of disk bull super VGA card amp Monitor If you are going to be doing a signifishy
cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
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KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
llUl
M0$11Uito coilfrol
headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
IJCHEMICAL -=CONTAINERS INC
PO BOX 1307 lAKE WALES FL 33859 PHONE (813) 638-1407 FAX (813) 638-3182
10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
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By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
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Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
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Fuel capacity 62 gal2347 liter Engine oil 35 pints17 liter InsecHcide tank 15 gal568 liter Flush tank 2 gal47 liter
I INSTampUMBNTATION I Pressure liquid filled gauge blower Flow Rate scale on pump base Safety cut-off blower pressure switch
(Cythion 76deg-78degF by Teflon slide wave 25 feet)
Flow Rate (ozml) MMD (avg3) Largest Droplet 43127 1627 4200 mu 43127 1560 4025 mu 86254 1827 5250 mu 43127 1334 3150 mu 86254 1478 5025 mu
Pressure (manometer) 50 60 60 70 70
5
NOISE LEVELS
RPW Truck Cab 2000 82 dBA 2200 85 dBA 2400 88 dBA
I FUEL CONSUMPlION
1800 RPM 058 GPH 2000 RPM 076 GPH 2200 RPM 093 GPH 2400 RPM 117 GPH
Sidewalk 89 d BA 92 dBA 96 dBA
I FLOW CONTROL ACCURACY
(through nozzle 60 PSI) Setting Range (scale) (mllmin)
5 256-265 10 360-360 25 857-684 50 941-950
[ GAUE ACCURACY
Average (mllmin)
262 360 661 943
Gauge Manometer (nozzle) Speed 40 PSI 33 (27 PSI 1490 RPM 50 PSI 43 (36) PSI 1700 RPM 60 PSI 55 (46) PSI 1910 RPM 70 PSI 64 (54) PSI 2070 RPM 80 PSI 75 (63) PSI 2225 RPW 90 PSI 86 (72 PSI 2345 RPM
NEW GENERATION Continued from page 4
that should be about as trouble free The distinctive element of the 18-20
and what jumped London Fog into thi~ foray is its interesting-appearing nozzle The inverted cone housing holds several pieces of nylon with a stainless tube through the middle The external shape was apparently chosen to create a smoother introduction of the airblast at the point of discharge The design strays from the more common Hession patent by not using a center venturi to draw the liquid into the swirl area The swirl effect for the air blast is created by angular holes drilled in the center nylon body and not the more common turning vanes The insecticide is carshyried by a 14-inch 00 stainless tube passing through the center of this nylon assembly terminating in the swirl area There are no small passages to plug up here
The droplet tests that we perform on these units are designed to create the toughest possible scenario to which they likely will be subjected American Cyanamids Cythion which is a very viscous material applied at high rates is cooled to 76deg-78degF to simulate the lower range at which this product will be used On cold days the heat of the engine warms the insecticide to about this level Normally the check slide is scanned for 200 droplets however we also scan the entire slide for the largest droplet that can be found Unless this droplet falls in the first 200 it is not included in the MMD (Mass Median Diameter) calculations but is noted on the specification sheet The MMD is averaged for three slides while the largest droplet is the extreme found on any one of the three slides
The new nozzle in combination with an overly baffled muffler which serves as the riser from the blower helps keep the 18-20 a relatively quiet machine We measured only 85 decishybels (2200 rpm) in the truck cab with the windows down The elevated nozshyzle position should help to keep the spray plume clear of disturbed air curmiddot rents created by the truck cab at
elevated spraying speeds The insecticide-handling chores have
been turned over to a Fluid Metering Inc rotary piston pump This is a conshystant flow system that can survive corshyrosive liquids while being able to supply more flow than the nozzle ever needs The pump is equipped with a pressure safety cutoff and a pulse dampener all located within the flow control box
The FMJ Model QB-2-CSY pump head uses a ceramic piston turning in a carbon liner encased in a stainless steel case This is a high-precision quality unit that with a little care and clean insecticide can last forever The pumps electric motor drive relies on a constant electrical system voltage to maintain its fixed speed The engines alternator is equipped with a regulator that during our testing held the voltage within a very narrow range
The table on flow control accuracy has been replaced with flow repeatshyability because the system doesnt display the flow rate Calibration of the pump is pretty much cut-and~try middot but once it is locked down the repeatabilshyity was exceUent If the vehicles elecshytrical system is used to replace the batshytery on the sprayer make sure that the truck engine is running while youre performing flow checks
Both the formulation and flushing systems are controlled with electric solenoid valves The valves are normiddot mally closed then opened through actuation of the cab-mounted control panels onoff switch Selection (spray t1ush) is done with a double throw switch on the panel as well Liquid fi ltration is handled by a properly sized fine mesh filter placed in the line after the solenoid valves You may want to remount this filter right side up to facilitate cleaning without dumping inshysecticide over the sprayer
A slick way to purge the lines filters and valves during maintenance work is to reverse the motors polarity (swapshyping the red and black leads on the tershyminal strip) and pump the insecticide back into the tank Dont forget to reconnect the motor leads properly before using the sprayer again
Simplicity has a habit of enduring
6
The 18-20 was built arouoc ~ strong basic components witpoundshyfrills to be operator-friendlv ~ trol function the operator be_ shyneed is available in the remomiddot The engine and blower are a ~ combination that should g~J -- tance This is a very sc-bull shymachine that has few surp- maintenance personnel Lonl - -shyULV units have always been C and this one is no exception
Long Lake Minnesota mabull - shyalong the River Thames nu~ middotmiddot _ land that brags of 1000 ferocious mosquitoes must SL~~ a role in the development of ]a~~ insect adulticiding equipme~ - =shyour perspective London Fopound ~-shycommitted to developing ~-_ based on input from the frisr~ ple having to use it
Jim Robinson is Director u Pasco County Mosquito Con District Odessa Florida aod Co-director of the WHO r laboraing Center for Test and Evaluation of Pesticide pshyplication Equipment
Joe Ruff is the Director of Dog Fly Control Program or Florida Department of Hea and Rehabilitative Servi~ Panama City He bas worked mosquito control equipm~ development and calibrah with mosquito control distrk for over 20 years
Chip Chat
bull Windtows on the Future Glennon Dodd
mphecy is usually riskier for the ~ipient than the prophet Oracles are =mous for their two-edged ambiguity ~-~d studies have shown that astrology
Tlltks because people only remember len the predictions are right and
middoto-get all the times they are wrong ~ ake enough guesses and you are mnd to be right some of the time
So without fear originality or warshy-anties of any kind I now predict the __ ture of the small business computer IJi the next five years
fOLLOW THAT BANDWAGON
The fundamental microcomputer of ile next half-decade will be an ISA ~BM-type using a 386 computer chip 2nd running MS-DOS and Microsoft
middotvindows As predictions go this is Jrudent and without the tragic gotshyha ambiguities of old-time oracles n fact its a little like characters in Pogo predicting that Eisenhower will oefeat Stevenson in 52 [past history is so much safer to predict than future tistory) Its a done deal
In the remainder of this article Im ~ong to discuss a few of the whys vf Windows and the whats of the ~uipment needed to run it
HCROSOFT SHOULD PAY ME fOR T HIS PART
Windows is a program manager a p-ogram integrator a memory manshyger and a Graphical User Interface GU D for computers running the stanshy
card MSPC-DOS operating system As = program manager it allows you to 5ta rt programs by pointing and -~ooUng with a mouse More imporshyu=ntly it allows you to switch quickly u-nong programs (each running in its ~parate window as though it had
the entire computer to itself) without having to close one before starting the next Some programs can run in the background while you are using another
As a program integrator Windows allows you to cut and paste data from one program to another some proshygrams written especially to run under windows can share data (including graphics) directly Also in this role Windows provides a set of services and rules for all programs so users learn how to start a program print reports find Help and save data only one time
As a memory manager Windows allocates each program the memory it needs including those mysterious realms of Expanded and Extended memory If necessary programs and data can be shjfted to and from hard disk aJUtomat ically as needed
As a graphical user interface it provides a picture-based environment where you seldom use memorized commands fnstead the system is mouse-driven as much as possible and provides menus visual clues and promp1ls to guide you to the next step The graphical interface also allows you to see several windowed programs at the same time
Bid Deal say Macintosh owners who have had services Like this for years Big Lawsuit say Apple exshyecutives (accompanied by gleeful Big New Car exclamations from Apples and Microsofts and everyone elses lawyers) Old Hat says Steve Jobs and the three people who bought NeXt computers last year- and everyone at Xerox I[ who just released a new user inshyterface based on the metaphor of an ofshyfice building) agrees Rats say the developers of Desqview which proshyvides ~ervices simjlar to Windows but is not going to win the -race
7
Well it is old hat But it is a comfortshyable fedora that fits a bunch of people and doesnt clash with the existing wardrobe (Translation most current DOS programs will work under Windows)
Besides in computing you only want the very latest when its obsolete But still why is Windows so important and so inevitable The first answer is cirshycular it is important because imporshytant people-users and program develshyopers-think it is important The number and quality of programs that require Windows 30 is going to skyrocket Second and more imporshytant like the Macintosh Desqview and other windoweduser interfaces it brings the computer closer to the way people really work During the day we are always reviewing multiple data sources entering new data into various files and we are always being intershyrupted A computer that can handle only one program at a time gets in the way almost as much as it helps A windowed computer however is no longer a tool it is a work environment that can easily tolerate the impulsive human indiscipline of the real workshyplace Third it is a standard In the future when a program claims to run under Windows and lists the Windows services it can use you will have some assurance it will install simply and work cooperatively with other winshydows-based programs without crashshying the system
BUT THEY DIDNT
Microsoft Windows 30 is inexpenshysive (under $100 from most discount houses) and largely bug-free but it is not perfect Installation is much easier than earlier versions but many will
Continued on page 9
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
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cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
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KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
llUl
M0$11Uito coilfrol
headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
IJCHEMICAL -=CONTAINERS INC
PO BOX 1307 lAKE WALES FL 33859 PHONE (813) 638-1407 FAX (813) 638-3182
10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
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middotmiddot(rmally be
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-~lication at the
useL The bri -
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oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
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AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
(800) 367 middot1299 REGIONAL OFFICES
bull AUSTIN TEXAS bullCHARLESTONf=SOUTH
CAROLINA bull OAT LAUDERDALE~ FLORIDA bull MONROE LuUISIANA
bull MONTGOMERY ALABAMA
VECTEC INC bull 6984 VENTURE CIRCLE bull ORLANDO FL 32807 bull C407J 677-0350
RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
NEW GENERATION Continued from page 4
that should be about as trouble free The distinctive element of the 18-20
and what jumped London Fog into thi~ foray is its interesting-appearing nozzle The inverted cone housing holds several pieces of nylon with a stainless tube through the middle The external shape was apparently chosen to create a smoother introduction of the airblast at the point of discharge The design strays from the more common Hession patent by not using a center venturi to draw the liquid into the swirl area The swirl effect for the air blast is created by angular holes drilled in the center nylon body and not the more common turning vanes The insecticide is carshyried by a 14-inch 00 stainless tube passing through the center of this nylon assembly terminating in the swirl area There are no small passages to plug up here
The droplet tests that we perform on these units are designed to create the toughest possible scenario to which they likely will be subjected American Cyanamids Cythion which is a very viscous material applied at high rates is cooled to 76deg-78degF to simulate the lower range at which this product will be used On cold days the heat of the engine warms the insecticide to about this level Normally the check slide is scanned for 200 droplets however we also scan the entire slide for the largest droplet that can be found Unless this droplet falls in the first 200 it is not included in the MMD (Mass Median Diameter) calculations but is noted on the specification sheet The MMD is averaged for three slides while the largest droplet is the extreme found on any one of the three slides
The new nozzle in combination with an overly baffled muffler which serves as the riser from the blower helps keep the 18-20 a relatively quiet machine We measured only 85 decishybels (2200 rpm) in the truck cab with the windows down The elevated nozshyzle position should help to keep the spray plume clear of disturbed air curmiddot rents created by the truck cab at
elevated spraying speeds The insecticide-handling chores have
been turned over to a Fluid Metering Inc rotary piston pump This is a conshystant flow system that can survive corshyrosive liquids while being able to supply more flow than the nozzle ever needs The pump is equipped with a pressure safety cutoff and a pulse dampener all located within the flow control box
The FMJ Model QB-2-CSY pump head uses a ceramic piston turning in a carbon liner encased in a stainless steel case This is a high-precision quality unit that with a little care and clean insecticide can last forever The pumps electric motor drive relies on a constant electrical system voltage to maintain its fixed speed The engines alternator is equipped with a regulator that during our testing held the voltage within a very narrow range
The table on flow control accuracy has been replaced with flow repeatshyability because the system doesnt display the flow rate Calibration of the pump is pretty much cut-and~try middot but once it is locked down the repeatabilshyity was exceUent If the vehicles elecshytrical system is used to replace the batshytery on the sprayer make sure that the truck engine is running while youre performing flow checks
Both the formulation and flushing systems are controlled with electric solenoid valves The valves are normiddot mally closed then opened through actuation of the cab-mounted control panels onoff switch Selection (spray t1ush) is done with a double throw switch on the panel as well Liquid fi ltration is handled by a properly sized fine mesh filter placed in the line after the solenoid valves You may want to remount this filter right side up to facilitate cleaning without dumping inshysecticide over the sprayer
A slick way to purge the lines filters and valves during maintenance work is to reverse the motors polarity (swapshyping the red and black leads on the tershyminal strip) and pump the insecticide back into the tank Dont forget to reconnect the motor leads properly before using the sprayer again
Simplicity has a habit of enduring
6
The 18-20 was built arouoc ~ strong basic components witpoundshyfrills to be operator-friendlv ~ trol function the operator be_ shyneed is available in the remomiddot The engine and blower are a ~ combination that should g~J -- tance This is a very sc-bull shymachine that has few surp- maintenance personnel Lonl - -shyULV units have always been C and this one is no exception
Long Lake Minnesota mabull - shyalong the River Thames nu~ middotmiddot _ land that brags of 1000 ferocious mosquitoes must SL~~ a role in the development of ]a~~ insect adulticiding equipme~ - =shyour perspective London Fopound ~-shycommitted to developing ~-_ based on input from the frisr~ ple having to use it
Jim Robinson is Director u Pasco County Mosquito Con District Odessa Florida aod Co-director of the WHO r laboraing Center for Test and Evaluation of Pesticide pshyplication Equipment
Joe Ruff is the Director of Dog Fly Control Program or Florida Department of Hea and Rehabilitative Servi~ Panama City He bas worked mosquito control equipm~ development and calibrah with mosquito control distrk for over 20 years
Chip Chat
bull Windtows on the Future Glennon Dodd
mphecy is usually riskier for the ~ipient than the prophet Oracles are =mous for their two-edged ambiguity ~-~d studies have shown that astrology
Tlltks because people only remember len the predictions are right and
middoto-get all the times they are wrong ~ ake enough guesses and you are mnd to be right some of the time
So without fear originality or warshy-anties of any kind I now predict the __ ture of the small business computer IJi the next five years
fOLLOW THAT BANDWAGON
The fundamental microcomputer of ile next half-decade will be an ISA ~BM-type using a 386 computer chip 2nd running MS-DOS and Microsoft
middotvindows As predictions go this is Jrudent and without the tragic gotshyha ambiguities of old-time oracles n fact its a little like characters in Pogo predicting that Eisenhower will oefeat Stevenson in 52 [past history is so much safer to predict than future tistory) Its a done deal
In the remainder of this article Im ~ong to discuss a few of the whys vf Windows and the whats of the ~uipment needed to run it
HCROSOFT SHOULD PAY ME fOR T HIS PART
Windows is a program manager a p-ogram integrator a memory manshyger and a Graphical User Interface GU D for computers running the stanshy
card MSPC-DOS operating system As = program manager it allows you to 5ta rt programs by pointing and -~ooUng with a mouse More imporshyu=ntly it allows you to switch quickly u-nong programs (each running in its ~parate window as though it had
the entire computer to itself) without having to close one before starting the next Some programs can run in the background while you are using another
As a program integrator Windows allows you to cut and paste data from one program to another some proshygrams written especially to run under windows can share data (including graphics) directly Also in this role Windows provides a set of services and rules for all programs so users learn how to start a program print reports find Help and save data only one time
As a memory manager Windows allocates each program the memory it needs including those mysterious realms of Expanded and Extended memory If necessary programs and data can be shjfted to and from hard disk aJUtomat ically as needed
As a graphical user interface it provides a picture-based environment where you seldom use memorized commands fnstead the system is mouse-driven as much as possible and provides menus visual clues and promp1ls to guide you to the next step The graphical interface also allows you to see several windowed programs at the same time
Bid Deal say Macintosh owners who have had services Like this for years Big Lawsuit say Apple exshyecutives (accompanied by gleeful Big New Car exclamations from Apples and Microsofts and everyone elses lawyers) Old Hat says Steve Jobs and the three people who bought NeXt computers last year- and everyone at Xerox I[ who just released a new user inshyterface based on the metaphor of an ofshyfice building) agrees Rats say the developers of Desqview which proshyvides ~ervices simjlar to Windows but is not going to win the -race
7
Well it is old hat But it is a comfortshyable fedora that fits a bunch of people and doesnt clash with the existing wardrobe (Translation most current DOS programs will work under Windows)
Besides in computing you only want the very latest when its obsolete But still why is Windows so important and so inevitable The first answer is cirshycular it is important because imporshytant people-users and program develshyopers-think it is important The number and quality of programs that require Windows 30 is going to skyrocket Second and more imporshytant like the Macintosh Desqview and other windoweduser interfaces it brings the computer closer to the way people really work During the day we are always reviewing multiple data sources entering new data into various files and we are always being intershyrupted A computer that can handle only one program at a time gets in the way almost as much as it helps A windowed computer however is no longer a tool it is a work environment that can easily tolerate the impulsive human indiscipline of the real workshyplace Third it is a standard In the future when a program claims to run under Windows and lists the Windows services it can use you will have some assurance it will install simply and work cooperatively with other winshydows-based programs without crashshying the system
BUT THEY DIDNT
Microsoft Windows 30 is inexpenshysive (under $100 from most discount houses) and largely bug-free but it is not perfect Installation is much easier than earlier versions but many will
Continued on page 9
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ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
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cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
-~ middot~ r- middot t~ c-r bull bull 1 ~
KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
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headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
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10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
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Chip Chat
bull Windtows on the Future Glennon Dodd
mphecy is usually riskier for the ~ipient than the prophet Oracles are =mous for their two-edged ambiguity ~-~d studies have shown that astrology
Tlltks because people only remember len the predictions are right and
middoto-get all the times they are wrong ~ ake enough guesses and you are mnd to be right some of the time
So without fear originality or warshy-anties of any kind I now predict the __ ture of the small business computer IJi the next five years
fOLLOW THAT BANDWAGON
The fundamental microcomputer of ile next half-decade will be an ISA ~BM-type using a 386 computer chip 2nd running MS-DOS and Microsoft
middotvindows As predictions go this is Jrudent and without the tragic gotshyha ambiguities of old-time oracles n fact its a little like characters in Pogo predicting that Eisenhower will oefeat Stevenson in 52 [past history is so much safer to predict than future tistory) Its a done deal
In the remainder of this article Im ~ong to discuss a few of the whys vf Windows and the whats of the ~uipment needed to run it
HCROSOFT SHOULD PAY ME fOR T HIS PART
Windows is a program manager a p-ogram integrator a memory manshyger and a Graphical User Interface GU D for computers running the stanshy
card MSPC-DOS operating system As = program manager it allows you to 5ta rt programs by pointing and -~ooUng with a mouse More imporshyu=ntly it allows you to switch quickly u-nong programs (each running in its ~parate window as though it had
the entire computer to itself) without having to close one before starting the next Some programs can run in the background while you are using another
As a program integrator Windows allows you to cut and paste data from one program to another some proshygrams written especially to run under windows can share data (including graphics) directly Also in this role Windows provides a set of services and rules for all programs so users learn how to start a program print reports find Help and save data only one time
As a memory manager Windows allocates each program the memory it needs including those mysterious realms of Expanded and Extended memory If necessary programs and data can be shjfted to and from hard disk aJUtomat ically as needed
As a graphical user interface it provides a picture-based environment where you seldom use memorized commands fnstead the system is mouse-driven as much as possible and provides menus visual clues and promp1ls to guide you to the next step The graphical interface also allows you to see several windowed programs at the same time
Bid Deal say Macintosh owners who have had services Like this for years Big Lawsuit say Apple exshyecutives (accompanied by gleeful Big New Car exclamations from Apples and Microsofts and everyone elses lawyers) Old Hat says Steve Jobs and the three people who bought NeXt computers last year- and everyone at Xerox I[ who just released a new user inshyterface based on the metaphor of an ofshyfice building) agrees Rats say the developers of Desqview which proshyvides ~ervices simjlar to Windows but is not going to win the -race
7
Well it is old hat But it is a comfortshyable fedora that fits a bunch of people and doesnt clash with the existing wardrobe (Translation most current DOS programs will work under Windows)
Besides in computing you only want the very latest when its obsolete But still why is Windows so important and so inevitable The first answer is cirshycular it is important because imporshytant people-users and program develshyopers-think it is important The number and quality of programs that require Windows 30 is going to skyrocket Second and more imporshytant like the Macintosh Desqview and other windoweduser interfaces it brings the computer closer to the way people really work During the day we are always reviewing multiple data sources entering new data into various files and we are always being intershyrupted A computer that can handle only one program at a time gets in the way almost as much as it helps A windowed computer however is no longer a tool it is a work environment that can easily tolerate the impulsive human indiscipline of the real workshyplace Third it is a standard In the future when a program claims to run under Windows and lists the Windows services it can use you will have some assurance it will install simply and work cooperatively with other winshydows-based programs without crashshying the system
BUT THEY DIDNT
Microsoft Windows 30 is inexpenshysive (under $100 from most discount houses) and largely bug-free but it is not perfect Installation is much easier than earlier versions but many will
Continued on page 9
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Itmiddot h as a division ofWellcome Internationa l we t 1 rr Imiddot~_ 11 drampw upon the resources of over 100 research 1 ~
scientists and more than 19000 Wellcome 1 () 1 _ 1 i lJIIill ( employees worldwide
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
bull 386sx16 (runs at 16 megahertz) bull 2 megabytes of memory bull 60 megabytes of disk space bull VGA graphics card amp monitor I would prefer bull 386 running at 25 megahertz bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 100 megabytes or more of disk bull super VGA card amp Monitor If you are going to be doing a signifishy
cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
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KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
llUl
M0$11Uito coilfrol
headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
IJCHEMICAL -=CONTAINERS INC
PO BOX 1307 lAKE WALES FL 33859 PHONE (813) 638-1407 FAX (813) 638-3182
10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
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By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
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Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
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When it comes w controlling disease vectors- I L r 1i 1 iii mosquitoes lice and ticks- more and more communities middot L
look to the specialized insecticides of Fairfield American 111rt1111 0
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bull I 11) tdirHrtn J all Particularly today with the threat of the Lyme tick r middotmiddot 1~q- ( added to other insect dangers health officia ls demand nou u gti 1
ltP - Jrirbull t ~ormul_ations which effecti~ely control all species I bull mcludmg resrstant populatrons
11middot t lll ( 11 d I l _ As one of the worlds leading formulators of p ubhc
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fomiddot t~1 bull thousands of communities overcome their insect problems I -
rtbtlbull r ~ mor while conforming to all environmental regulations bullImiddot ~
li rmiddotrd~ C For over 50 years Fairfield American has led its industry middotown Stoll C1 tt gtubullmiddot middot in specialized insecticide technology Today 1 l
Itmiddot h as a division ofWellcome Internationa l we t 1 rr Imiddot~_ 11 drampw upon the resources of over 100 research 1 ~
scientists and more than 19000 Wellcome 1 () 1 _ 1 i lJIIill ( employees worldwide
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
bull 386sx16 (runs at 16 megahertz) bull 2 megabytes of memory bull 60 megabytes of disk space bull VGA graphics card amp monitor I would prefer bull 386 running at 25 megahertz bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 100 megabytes or more of disk bull super VGA card amp Monitor If you are going to be doing a signifishy
cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
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KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
llUl
M0$11Uito coilfrol
headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
IJCHEMICAL -=CONTAINERS INC
PO BOX 1307 lAKE WALES FL 33859 PHONE (813) 638-1407 FAX (813) 638-3182
10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
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VINDOWS Ontinued from page 7
ill need help from a more expershy- ~nced user or a local consultant Dont xpect any help from Microsoft unless ou do your best thinking on infiniteshylold while a telephone tries to estab-bull ~5h legal residency in your ear Some Xisting DOS programs will not run -lder windows And you need as mch raw computing power as possishyJe Time passes slowly when viewed brough a window (quick name t1e Bob Dylan album)
~iAYBE INTEL CORP WILL
Which brings us to hardware Winshydews is designed to run on a 286 (ATshytype) 386 or 486 computer Microsoft laims windows works with acceptable speed on a 286 machine running at 12 megahertz and some columnists in the computer journals agree I dont By prejudice and experience I think the ~recessing demands of the Graphical User Interface and Windows abilities as a memory manager make a 386 or ~86 computer a necessity
For a stand-alone businessscientific computer the absolute low-end for a indows-based environment is
bull 386sx16 (runs at 16 megahertz) bull 2 megabytes of memory bull 60 megabytes of disk space bull VGA graphics card amp monitor I would prefer bull 386 running at 25 megahertz bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 100 megabytes or more of disk bull super VGA card amp Monitor If you are going to be doing a signifishy
cant amount of graphics-based work desktop publishing CAD heavy-duty programming data-basing or statistical analysis then get
bull 38633 with caching or a 48625 bull 4 - 8 megabytes of memory bull 150 megabyte disk bull super VGA card and monitor For graphics-based work consider a
19-inch monitor with a fast graphics card providing resolutions of at least 1024 by 760
Because my premise is that most users will turn to Windows (or the next
step up OS2 with Presentation Manager) these are the recommendashytions I make for ALL new comjputer purchases
Here is my thinking 286 386 ~86sx and 486 refer to the Intel CPU chip that controls your computer The next number (as in 38620) indicates how fast the chip runs Microsoft InteJ and IBM have all waffled on the suitability of the 286 chip for computers in the 1990s And they are still introducing new 286 computers for both home and business However no matter how tempting the price and no matter how fast the chip speed l am reluctamt to recommend a 286 machine as a prishymary computer The reasons are techshynical and conservative Thchnically 286 chips handle memory differently--and Jess efficiently-than higher-numbered chips Windows and many other proshygrams work best with the highershynumbered CPUs Conservatlively 386486 architectures are proven and stable Literally every program w1ritten for the MS-DOS environment dming the next five years will be able to run on them There is no similar certainty concerning 286 computers Whymiddot take the chance
Once you settle on the 3815486 universe prices are proportionate to processing efficiency The 386sxl16 are slowest and cheapest 48633 fastest and most expensive Ive run Windows 30 on a 38625 with a math coproshycessor and on a 48625 The 486 is significantly faster For the heavy~duty uses mentioned above a 486 will be more productive (Incidentally when you are pricing machines for graphics or number-crunching remembe1r that the 486 chip has a built-in math coshyprocessor while 386 machines need a separate co-processing chip that can cost $300 or more)
Memory is inexpensive and getting more so This is good because proshygrams are getting faster with no end in sight No matter what you buy now make sure you can expand to 8 megashybytes in the future Memory can be used for disk caching and RAM disks (both speed normal operations) a well as providing additional work space for spreadsheets data bases and dratwing
9
programs You will use however much you buy
Hard disks transformed the microshycomputer from a toy forced to do a mans work into a genuine workhorse A 20-megabyte disk used to be big then it was 40 megabytes now a big disk is anything over 150 megabytes Any program that uses or generates graphics requires substantial disk space and graphical data consume even more For example Ventura Pubshylisher takes up 6 megabytes Windows itself uses about 10 megabytes and New Wave a product designed to exshytend Windows features uses another 10 Corel Draw a popular illustration package uses over 11 million bytes for the program and clip-art images The rule is simple buy at least 60 megashybytes of disk space If you are going to use your computet every day for the heavy-duty applications listed earlier get at least 100 megabytes preferably 150 There are several different diskcontroller formats MFM RLL ESDI SCSI and IDE MFM is the oldest slowest and probably most reliable IDE seems to be catching on quickly and SCSI has a number of theoretical advantages At the moment however an ESDI disk and controller seem to be the best combination for maximum speed and compatibility VGA cards and monitors are normally described in terms of how many dots (pixels) they can display going across and down the screen Standard VGA resolution is 640 across by 480 down Extended VGA is normally 800 x 600 The new 8514a standard goes to 1024 x 768 and some high-end color monitors and cards now go to 1248 x 1024 The best costperformance commiddot binations for almost all users are the BOO x 600 super-VGA combinations Going less decreases the amount of legible information you can put on screen and increases viewing fatigue going more can double or triple your cost
The video card that sends the image to the screen is as important as the screen itself It takes significant proshycessing poWer to push 480000 pixels around every time you want to change
Continued on page 10
II
-~ middot~ r- middot t~ c-r bull bull 1 ~
KILLS - ~ --- - middot MOSQUitOm~ NOTTHE _l ~ ENVIRONMENt ArOSU rf MSF a biodegradable spray is the ~Mse environshymental choice to control mosquitoes It slightly changes the surtace character~stics of water Just enough to keep mosqUitO larvae and pupae from ftrmfy attaching The water wets their breathing structures-and they drown
Arosurl MSF is the only regtstered non-petroleum based product for kilhng mosQUitO larvae and pupae-effecllvely controlling these stages bulln more I han 25 species Its Invisible on I he water (No oft sheen or odor) And it has little or no effect on other animal life or plants You can even spray it on potable-water sources
With recommended dosages Arosurl MSF costs less to use than petroleum oils Its alsocosl-compelittve with bacterial-control agents and growth regulators To learn how it can work for you write or call
MSSI (Midwest Spraying amp Supply) 505 Brimhall Ave PO Box 519 Long Lake MN65356 Telephone (612) 472-6499 Fax (612) 473-6302 Hotline (800) 448-8525 MS~I bullS-bull I ofjrJIoll tS ~IQ(v (Ill AtrwfMS~ UICJCI~to Dy Sttoi~middot Ctittl~ - ~lltf(Afl~ lfl(
llUl
M0$11Uito coilfrol
headquarters 800-346-7867
Spray guns pumps tanks fittings hose and complete systems we have what you need for mosquito control Call toU-free and order today
IJCHEMICAL -=CONTAINERS INC
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10
WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
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WINDOWS Continued from page 9
an 800 x 600 dot image Recently cards with specialized graphics-proshycessing chips have appeared They are expensive but many CAD users report they increase performance more than switching to a newer computer Make certain yow card comes with software called driwrs that allows Windows 30 and yow other favorite programs to take advantage of all high-resolution options
I use a color super-VGA monitor at work and a monochrome paper-white super-VGA at home Surprisingly I find the color monitor sharper easier to read and less fatiguing At this point I feel color is worth the extra money The summary is uncomplicated Winshydows will become the front-end on most MS-DOS computers in the next 18 months It will make users more productive by providing them ad hoc access to all of their data and by proshyviding a consistent set of rules for running their programs and printing reports Many new or updated proshygrams will require Windows or provide added funclions only under Windows To make use of these programs you need significant computing power-a 386sx at the least and preferably 38625 Power users will want a 38633 or 486 Virtually all users should get a VGA color monitor preferably one that handles 800 x 600 resolution
Glen Dodd has been the Assismiddot tant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control District since 1980 He brings a unique problem solving perspective to Florida mosquito control
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
(800) 367 middot1299 REGIONAL OFFICES
bull AUSTIN TEXAS bullCHARLESTONf=SOUTH
CAROLINA bull OAT LAUDERDALE~ FLORIDA bull MONROE LuUISIANA
bull MONTGOMERY ALABAMA
VECTEC INC bull 6984 VENTURE CIRCLE bull ORLANDO FL 32807 bull C407J 677-0350
RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
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For Additional information or quotation contact
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21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
Pest Asides Miami vs Michigan and it aint football
Cllorlie Morris PhD
Nationally syndicated columshynist Dave JJarry whe operates out of Miami FloFida wrote -an article about the American Entoshymological Societys campaign to have the monarch butterfly deshyclared the national insect fn it Dave makes a tactical error albeit tong4e-in-cheek when he refers to Sally Wagoerbulls SCginaw County Michigan Mosquito Abatement Commission Many of Sallys colleagues including myself just had to call and give her the heat As if turns out Sally had already given the beat to Dave which he returned in kind This is the story of that inter-shyesting interchange The fun begins with Daves article which is here reproduced in full
Help Needed Selecting National Bug by Dove Barry
I am sick and tired of our so-called representatives in Washington being influenced by powerful specialshyinterest groups on crucial federal issues As you have no doubt gathered I am referring to the curshyrent effort to name an Official National Insect
This effort which r am not making up was alertly brought to my attention by Rick Guldan whos on the staff of US Rep James Hanshysen of Utah at least until this column gets published Rick sent me a letter that was mailed to congresspersons by the Entomological SoCiety of America (An entomologist is
defined by Websters as a person who studies entomology) The letter urges Rep Hansen to support House Joint Resolution 411 which would desigshynate the monarch butterfly as our nashytional insect The letter gives a number of reasons including that the durability of thjs insect and its travels into the unknown emulate the rugged pioneer spirit and freedom upon which this nation was settled
The letter is accompanied by a glossy political campaign-style brochure with color photographs showing the monarch butterfly at work at play relaxing with its fmily etc Theres also a list entitled Organizations Supporting The Monshyarch Butterfly including the Friends of the Monarch the National Pest Conshytrol Association the Southern Maryshyland Rock and Mineral Club and the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission
Needless to say 1 am strongly in favor of having an official national insect If history teaches us one lesson it is that
12
a nation that has no national insect is a nation that probably also does not celebrate Soybean Awareness Month J also have no problem with the monarch butterfly per se (Per se is Greek for unless it lays eggs in my salad) Butterflies are nice to have around whereas with a lot of other inshysects if they get anywhere near you your immediate reaction as an ecoshylogically aware human being it to whom p them with a hard-cover work of fiction at least the size of Moby Dick
But what bothers me is the way the Entomological Society is trying to slide this thing through the Congress without considering the views of the average citizen who does not have the clout or social standing to belong to powerful elite insider organizations such as the Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission Before Conshygress makes a decision of this magnitude we the public should get a chance to vote on the national insect We might feel that in these times of
world tension we dont want
to be represhysented by some
cute little flitshyting critter We
might want someshything that commands respect especially in light of the fact that
the Soviet Union recentshyly selected as ITS nationshy
al insect the Chernobyl Glowing Beetle which
grows to a length of 17 feet and can mate in midshyair with military aircraft
Fortunately we Americans have some pretty darned
impressive insects ourselves
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
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2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
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- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
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DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
A vigorous rain has just let up Immediately children rush out to spl_
puddles People everywhere stop tot_ the break in the weather But acros-
this is the time when mosquito conshy
personnel usually begin to worry 1
would the last spraying have been t- -
away But the reason for concem ri-eshy
the water level In the ditches storrr - shyand catch basins that are now swellm water At the edge of cattail marh~shy
donnant mosquito eggs hatch and~=
development In all the places thashywater - and breeding mosquit~-
Merhoprshylnscct Gtowlh R8f1Jial0f (IGR) 9f118S ALTOSID XR i ts revolut1011ary strer[middot ~
With mosqwroesmiddot growth cycle disbullc middot =~~~~ pliiVttnlinglarvaelrommatunng bullo middot ~ Th8s8 hlghlighJedsectiOIIS represe~ middot-~ EUC ALTOSID XR artadlts mosquno larYae
But if they use ALTOSID
Residual Briquets everyone~ BecauseALTOSID XR 3-
for 150 days no re-trenmemiddot
fact ALTOSID XR provid~ - -~ tcction against these en~shy
mosquito genera for an en
A WHOLE NEW WAY OF mrugtIC MOSQUrTO co I
other method of control - bull
way you approach n -~ ~ middot
What rna~ -eem like tle - _ bull
of an~ progrun- -n - -1-
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
(800) 367 middot1299 REGIONAL OFFICES
bull AUSTIN TEXAS bullCHARLESTONf=SOUTH
CAROLINA bull OAT LAUDERDALE~ FLORIDA bull MONROE LuUISIANA
bull MONTGOMERY ALABAMA
VECTEC INC bull 6984 VENTURE CIRCLE bull ORLANDO FL 32807 bull C407J 677-0350
RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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For Additional information or quotation contact
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21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
middotmiddot(rmally be
_-der control with
-~lication at the
useL The bri -
- - bulllbulle over the
oJJ ~ s of wet conshy
_TOSTD XR
- urishes during the
-lin that wreck
_ - 1 programs And
- bullSID XR Briquets
bull bull - tive in peri-
reach the Coquileuidia spp
But ALTOSID XR Briquets
work where Coquillellidia larvae live As with Other
species treated Coquilletshytidia die before reachi1ng
adulthood
METHOPRpoundNE KEEPS VOURPROB~SFROM
GROWING
bull _ kiitions you wont
-_n when the
_ middotmiddot ings from one
Jllt other
AL rosto XR is the only proven method for lightmiddot ing Coquillettodia perturbans mosqililoes The laNae of this species are suscopliblc lo the Unique action of our slowly dissolving undershywater briquet Data from Sjogren et at ( 986)
What gives ALTOSID XR
its revolutionary strength is
methoprene Insect Growth
Regulator(IGR) Traditional
methods of mosquito oonrrol
ID XR auacks mosquitoes at an
- =- bullf theirdevelopmentand
qui roes from becoming biting
_ - l Jults But its far from a
-_I luvicide ALTOSID XR isnt a
-middot -4uiroes accept the active
~ middot -LTOSID XR as a natural
__ gt-orbing and feeding on the tiny
have worked on the assumpshy
tion that the more rapidly the larvae die
the better By using
methoprene ALTOSID XR
takes a different approach
One that works over the NL R
mos Briquers
bale AE
controlmosquiLOes Its also used as a
stored grain protectant a cattle feed addishy
tive for controlling horn flies and a
flea control ~pray for application to carpet
furn iture cats and dogs
Because AlfOSJD XR lasts 150 days it
can provide season-long control in chronic
breeding sites where access is difficult or
in areas where repetitive treatments would
attract attention and cause alarm
LONG-TERM SAVINGS
Season-long effectiveness means
ALTOSID XR is both easy to use and excepshy
tionally cost-effective Theres no heavy
equipment or huge fuel expense No constant
demand on manpower And no re-Lreatshy
ment after rains With ALTOSTD XR one
ACTIVE INGRpound1)1EHT
methoprene
Bri 1emephos
oil Bti
IENGTHOFOONmOl
I 50 days
30days
7- IOdays
7- IOdays
2-3 days _ luer cause fatal abnormal
course of larval development
to disrupt the entire growth
process While its effects are
difficult to observe at that l
GoldenBearOil
TEKNARHP-0 ----------------------
~ ALTOSTD XR also offers an
i_bull broad spectrum of control
= ~ ec different mosquitoes Aedes (ttileuldia Culex Culiseta
_~=-- _1J Psorophora spp So problems
-~ J before mosqu iLOes cause
~ r- l i a minor irritation to a serious
C Y THING BIG ENOUGH TO --Jt COQUILLEmDIA PERTIJRBANS
) XR is the only product proven
~1 notorious Coquilleuidia rn~~squiroes Because the larvae
middot~~~-canying species live far
bull tter su1face of cattail marshes
bull -~thods have been unable to
bull240
stage initial treatment of As well a providing 150 days of effective control one application of AL TOSID XR means effective protection for an entire season without re-treatment afer rains
ALTOSJD XR ultimately prevents the
emergence of any adult mosquitoes
AUOSIO Xft ANO THE ENVIRONMENT A PERFECT FIT
Melhoprene is environmentally sound
when used as directed ALTO SID XR
Briquets target only mosquitoes Watershy
fowl mammal$ and even beneficial
predatory insects remain unharmed Ry
the end of the season the briquets are
fully dissolved
In fact in third world countries melhoshy
prene i s approved by the World Health
Organization for use in drinking water to
8600
person can cover ten times the area be or
she normally would with other treatments
during the year Time that you now spend
re-umiddoteating could be devoted to intensifying
inspection of additional breeding sites
Individual workloads can be expanded And
departmenLefficiency can be heightened
AI ways an innovator in the pest control
industry Zoecon is the f irst and only
company to offer products containing methoshy
prene IGRs So it figures only Zoecon
could squeeze field-proven efficacy longshy
tem1 control and cost-efficiency into one
little briquet Thats a powerful tool that
will make your job easier
34600
30 000
~ ~- gtJlticities of leading mosquito control materials In bolll laboratory and field (ests methoprene the active inyredient in AL TOSIO XR Briquets has shown no harmful effects on non-target rr ~ ne leading mosquito comrol products methopreneis east toxic The numbers above refer to LDSJ a standard measurement of toxicity Wso means the number of mlligtamsof the material
- XC- ~9ht of the test animal required to kii5CW of test animals All LDsos refer to active ingredients The longlt~r the barlhe less toxic the malerial
4 AltosidregxR EXTENDED RESIDUAL BRIQUETS
INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
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Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
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INTRODUCTION ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to release effective levels of MethOprene insect growth regulator over a period up to 150 days In mosquito breeding sites Release of Methoprene insect growth regulator occurs by dissolution ol the briquet Sofl mud and loose sediment can cover the briquets and inhibit normal dispersiOn of the active ingredient The product may not be effective in those situations where the briquet can be removed from the site by flushing action ALTO SID XR Briquets prevent the emergence of a dull mosquitoes including Anopheles Culex Culiseta Coquilenidi8 and Mansonia spp as well as those ol the floodwater mosquito complex (Aedes and Psorophora spp) from treated water Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage where they die
NOTE Methoprene an insect growth regulator has no effect on mosquitoes which have reached the pupal or adult stage priOf to treatment
PRECAUTIONS Do not apply to known fish habitat
DIRECTIONS FOR USE Ills a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
APPLICATION TIME Placement of ALTOSIO XR Briquets should be at or before the beginning of mosquito season ALTOSID XR Briquets can be applied prior to flooding when sites are dry or on snow and ice in breeding sites prior to spring thaw Under normal condilions one application should last the entire mosquito season or up to 150 days whichever os shorter Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce their effectiveness
APPLICATION RATES Aedes and Psorophora spp For control nonor lowmiddot) flow shallow depressions (less than 2 feet in depth) treat on the basis of surface area placing 1 Briquet per 200 ft Briquets should be p laced at the lowest areas of mosquito breedmiddot ing sites to maintain continuous control as the site alternately floods and dries up
Culex Culiseta and Anopheles spp Place 1 ALTOSIO XR Briquet per 100 It Ccquillettlda and Mansonia spp For application to caltail marshes and water hyacinth beds For control o f these mosquimiddot toes place 1 Briquet per 100 It~
APPLICATION SITES ALTOSIO XR Briquets are designed to control mosquitoes in small bodies of water which are not known fish habitats Examples of application sites are storm drains catch basins roadside ditches ornamental ponos ana fountains cesspools and septic tankS waste treatment settling ponds fiOOdelt crypts transformer vaults abandoned swimming pools construemiddot tion and other man-made depressions cattail marshes watermiddot hyacinth beds pastures meadows rice fields freshwater swamps and marshes salt and tidal marshes woodland pools flood plains and dredge spoil sites
Storage and Disposal Storage Store in a cool place Do not contaminate water lood or teed by storage or disposal Do not reuse empty container
Disposal Dispose ol empty container in a sani tary landfill or by Inmiddot cineration or If allowed by State and local authorities by burning If burned stay out of smoke
Se1let makesiIOWartanty elltpress 01 implied coocerning the useollhis Pfoduc1 othet than lndicaledoo the labeL BoyM aSSUtlle$ all 115)1 ot use and handling of thfs material When such use and handling are contrary to Jabel insttuctlons
EPA Reg No 2724-421middot5c809 Saki by proleniort31 peGt management A Division of Zoeoon Corporatkgtn l2200 Oornon Orivamp-Oa llas rexas 75234 AlTOSIO is a uademabullk ol SanltOtlld
A Sandoz Company
Made to USA 15gt1989 Zoeeoo Ptlnted in USA
EPA ESI 54~4-MNoQOI US Pats 390bull662 3912815
89middot14-337~
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
eady to put $1000 cash in the bank by simply completing the enclosed quiz on AL TOSID XR Zoecons new 150 day --_Jet Take time to learn how you can get a full season of mosquito control with new AL TOSID XR Simply read the enclosed hure answer the ten simple questions correctly and return postage-free to Zoecon by May 31 1991 for a chance to win $1000
For more information or to order ALTOSID XR contact your local ALTOSID Distributor
Zoecon 800-248-7763 bull VecTec I nc 800-367-1299 bull Clarke Outdoor Spraying Co Inc 800-323-5727 Zanus Corp 415-591-7783 bull Cornbelt Chemical Co 308-345-5057
ALTOSIDreg XR Quiz ALTOSID XR is designed to control mosquitoes for 6 For treating a culex mosquito how many briquets are required per
200 square feet A 120 days B 150 days C 30 days A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
ALTOSID XRs revolutionary strength comes from A Methoprene Insect Growth Regulator 7 ALTOSID XR allows one person to increase the area normally
treated with other products by B Organophosphate insecticide C Pyrethrum insecticide
ALTOSID XR controls A Aedes sollicitans C Coquillettidia pertubans
ALTOSID XR works by
B Culex nigrapalpus D All of the above
A Three times B Ten times C Twenty times
8 The oral LD 50
of methoprene the active ingredient in AL TOSID is
A 4240 B 30000 c gt34600
9 ALTOSID XR can be applied prior to flooding A Killing larvae B Preventing adult emergence A True B False C Killing adults
10 ALTOSID XR application sites include ALTOSID XR targets only mosquitoes while leaving water fowl mammals and beneficial predatory insects unharmed
A Storm drains catch basins and roadside ditches B Cattail marshes tidal marshes and woodland pools
A True B False C All of the above
--=--~--= = = = =--=-middot=--=-~ -_- -=--=--= = = =---=--=-~~~---~-=--=--=-=-
J rt way ro fight mosquitoes
_ -~Ianagement Division Zoecon Corporation Sandoz Company 200 Denton Drive ~Alias Texas 75234
1 I I I I I I I I I
( I I I I I I
~ 20ECON are Eradcmarks of Sandoz Ltd I X label before using he product I 1
Fill in your answers from the above quiz in the spaces below Please fill in your name and address for further notification Dont forget send it in by May 31 1991
Name _________________________________________________ __
Address ________________________________________________ __
City ______________ State __ __ZIP _____ _ _
Phone ___________________ District-----------------------
1 DADe De 6 DADBDeDo
2 DA DB De 7 DADe De
3 DADe De Do 8 DA DB De
4 DA DB De 9 DA DB
5 DADe 10 DADe De
Money in the Bank With ALTOSIDreg XR
Official Rules
1 No purchase required to participate One entry per person 21 years of age or older at the time of entry Offer good only in the US void where
prohibited by law or otherwise restricted Employees of Sandoz its ad agencies and their affiliates are not eligible
2 To participate fill out questionnaire and return via post-paid card All entries must be postmarked by midnight May 31 1991 TI1e postage-free quiz should be returned to ZOECON Corporation Vector Management Division Money In The Bank Contest 12200 Demton Drive Dallas Texas
75234 Vector Management Division is not liable for lost late misdirected or illegible mail
3 Sweepstakes winner will be randomly drawn from all valid entries on June 3 1991 Valid entries shall only be those entrie containing correct answers to the ALTOSID XR Quiz Drawing will be made by an independent representative of Coopers amp Lybrand C PAs Winner will be notifierl
by certified mail
4 Name of winner will be available upon request after June 4 1991 Please send a separate stamped self addressed envelope to Zoecon Corporation Vector Management Division Money in the Bank Contest Attn Winners Request 12200 Denton Drive Dallas Texas 75234
5 Winner will be responsible for any applicable federal state or local taxes All federal state and local laws and regulations apply
6 Vector Management Division will mail the winners check only to the address reflected on the Quiz Entry Form
WARNING ATlliMPTS TO ODTAIN CASH IN VIOlAHON OF OFFIltlAIRULES ARE FRAUDUIENT AND A VIOlATION OF POSTAL AND 01liER lAWS VIOLATORS MAY DE PROSECUTED
FOR MORE INFORMATION Call SHERRY McLAUGHLIN at 1-800-527-0512 ext 8649
____ _ _ ~--- --~ ~ ------ --~- ---~ -middot ---------shy-------------------------------
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 5865 DALLAS TEXAS
POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
ZOECON CORPORATION VECTOR MANAGEMENT DIVISION Money In The Bank Contest 12200 DENTON DR DALLAS TX 75234-9974
II 111 11 1111 1 ln ll lu llnl11111 lullll
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY
IF MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
AL TOSlD XR is sold by Zoecon Corporation
A Sando~ Company 12200 Dcmton Drive
Dallas Tltexas 75234 USA
ALTOSIJD and ZOECON are trademarks of Sandoz Ltd
copy 1991 Zoecon
- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
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For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
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If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
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- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
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Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
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- oo _5 c-c= l ~e we hae ~--~ XC -Ct5 tct nabulle to be _ -~ wnh ouci warning beepers
__ can ge~ out of their way when ~ 32k up Or e could pick a fierce
in5ed such as the fi re ant --D-~h this could bullCreate problems
_ 15 be official White House Na- insect Nam ing Ceremony
-SHI-GTON - J[n a surprise deshy~paent yesterday that political
1HS believe could affect the 1992 __~campaign President Bush was
ilec strong possible candidates for _ -A nsect include the gnat the
- 0-~ japa nese beetle the chigger -~ymg mantis Jiminy Cricket the - ~-bull g ma ntis the lobster the dead
_ -~ m your light fixture the skeet-- rmg mantis and Sen Jesse Helms
Jd go on but my purpose here is - lto name all the possibilities my -Jose is to create strife and conshy-arsy for no good reason
-nd you can helpbull I recently acshy_--ed a highly trained well-staffed -dern Research Department Her -me is Judi Smith and she is severely 2derworked because r never need ~ra~tbing researched other than the ~estion of what is tlhe frozen-yogurt --Javor of the Day at the cafeteria
So Im asking you to write your preshyerence for NatiomJ Insect on a OSTAL CARD (If YJOU send a letter he Research Department has been inshystructed to laugh in the diabolical manshyner of Jack Nicholson as The Joker and throw it away unopened) Send your card to National Insect Survey co Judi Smith The Miami Herald Tropic Magshyazine 1 Herald Plaza Miami Fla 33132
Judi wi ll read all the entries and gradually go insane Then fll let you know which insect is preferred by you The People and we can start putting serious pressure on the Congress If all goes well this could wind up costing the taxpayers millions of dollars
In closing let me stress one thing because I dont wan1t to get a lot of i rate condescending mail from insect experts correcting me on my facts I am well aware that Se n Helms is technically a member of the arachnid
fa mily (Copyright 1990 by Dave Barry Reshy
printed by permission of the author)
Well now you have seen the source of inspiratioo for Sally Wagner She was not going to be outdone and as you will now see she wasnt
Dear Mr Barry
I knew the Saginaw County Mosshyquito Abatement Commission was beshycoming a powerful elite insider force to be reckoned with One can tell these things from subtle little happenings like appearing in a nationally synshydicated column What bothers me pershysonally is that youve now exposed the impact we have on the political process to the world - how embarrassing
I vent frustration thru doggerel The following was composed in your honor 1 do hope you aren t bugged by it
Im Bugged Too
I take up my pen to express my chagrin that a column with clout in the hands of a lout causes embarrassment entomological
Now a beautiful bug is being swept under the rug for reasons political and philosophical
There must be a way on a really slow day for a columnist to enlighten not hassle
Saginaws part was endorsed really to start appreciation for things ecological
To your mind we fell short Come on- be a sport the Monarch is reaDy fantas tical
13
Twenty thousand mosquito bites and best regards
Sally Wagner
PS The word lout is used with poetic license it rhymes Im sure you are a fine fellow
Daves retort ---------
Dear Sally
I thought your poem was really swell I only have one statement I apologize for making you mad as hell Now get back to abatement
All the best
Dave Barry
Dave also c~lled Sally but she will only report that Dave says he received more mail in reshysponse to this article than any other and most of it WltS hostile
Charlie Morris is an Assistant Professor and the Extension Medical Entomologist at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory IFASmiddotUniversity of Florida Vero Beach
RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
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The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
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MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
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CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
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Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
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RADAR A Cure for Leading Edge
g Scott Ritchie PhD
Your Rainy Day Blues Has a surprise brood of salt marsh
mosquitoes swarmed upon your disshytrict with no warning Have pilots narshyrowly averted disaster after flying into an unsuspected nighttime rainstorm Are you frustrated by the inability to measure rainfall from remote areas you suspect produce major mosquito broods If this sounds familiar please read on
These problems have one thing in common rain that occurs when and where you cannot see or measure it So how do you see rain at night or estishymate how much it rained in distant swamps Obvjously a network of sevshyeral hundred weather observers or telephone-linked rain gauges doesnt seem practical But as seems the case with every other problem except politics there is a high-tech solution radar Radar similar to that youve seen on the local news can be used to monitor and measure rainfall from just about any point within 150 miles
But first some basics on what radar is and how it works Radar is a high energy electromagnetic pulse that travels away from a transmitter similar to the wave created by tossing a stone into water Because the pulse t ravels at a constant speed and is reflected l7y obshyjects in its path it can be used to measure the distance and intensity of rainstorms To keep the radar pulse from hitting high trees and buildings the radar transmitter is placed on a high tower appearing like a giant golf ball By calibrating the intensity of the reflected radar beam to actual rainfall amounts scientists are able to use radar to measure rainfall intensity
The RADAP system takes this one step further RADAP an acronym for radar data processor was developed in 1971 to provide severe storm and flash flood warnings the current version is
RADAP II RADAP stores radar immiddot ages and uses these to estimate how much it rained within the radar umshybrella [the circular area from 11 to 125
nautical miles [run) of the transmitter] For every two-degree slice of the radar umbrella RADAP calculates accumushylated rainfall from the rainfall rate along each successive nautical mile cell At 10-minute intervals this is recalculated and added to a running total to produce rainfall maps covering one three and 24 hours curren t and previous 24 hours) In addition RADAP monitors severe storm potenshytial live radar cloud tops and even
HlSStHG fJUODS 1 oo- 1 ~ 10
snowfall All one needs to accei RADAP is a computer with a rnoderr
Collier Mosquito Control Dis-cshyhad a special need for radar rainfa estimates Most of the salt marsh mos middot quitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus) that inmiddot vade the district are from extensimiddot- mangrove forests Sites within the district require costly helicopter in middot spection while sites located in parks outside the district cannot be inmiddot spected In the summer of 1990 we hooked up to the Tampa RADAP uni1 hoping to monitor rainfall in these remote sites
Continued on page 16
T
RADAP provides standard grid map of rainfall and other radar products
14
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
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DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
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Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
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33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
RADAR Continued from page 14
Accessing RADAP was as easy A personal computer with a modem and communications software will do Unshyfortunately RADAP didnt always want to talk RADAP was down due to a lightning strike or computer malfuncshytion another user had tied up the line or the radar operator was conducting tests Once on line the RADAP menu required use of the operators manual [available from the National Weather Service (NWS) in Florida call Charlie Paxton 813-645-2323] Of greatest inshyterest to us were the rainfall maps These maps come in two formats the standard grid map a nd the B-SCAN The standard grid provides rainfall for 3 x 5 nautical mile cells covering the 125 nm umbrella of the radar By placshying a plastic overlay map (also available from the NWS) over the printout the distribution of rainfall can be seen (see figure) To provide more precise data the BSCAN plot should be used It proshyvides radar echoes or rainfall estimates at 1 nm increments for each 2deg beam from 11 to 125 nm from the radar
At Collier Mosquito Control District we supplement the RADAP data with rain gauge and tide data to determine what areas are likely to have been flooded and hatched a brood of salt marsh mosquitoes This spring we look forward to seeing if we can predict migrations of spring broods from remote areas using RADAP
Our experiences have taught us that radar data must be interpreted with caution Thermal inversions often reflect radar beams into the ground reflecting the beam back sharply This creates the appearance of heavy rain on the radar screen and is appropriateshyly termed a false echo or anomalous propagation Unfortunately the nightshytime calm that creates inversions is common during Floridas rainy season To minimize this problem collect RADAP data in the evening before inshyversions become established False echoes generated by inversions can also be recognized as unrealistically high rainfall amounts or can be ground truthed using rain gauges
Continued on page 18
ACCESSING AND INTERPRETING RADAP RAINFALL MAPS
Accessing RADAP is easy Simply call the RADAP number through your comshymunications software (I use ProcommPlus) the KADAP number and setup can be obtained from the NWS Once on line type A and the RADAP menu will appear (note RADAP only responds to capital letters) You can then pick the product you desire- consult the users manual for details I recom~end storing the output in a file for later use This minimizes phone time and allows you to manipulate the file as you plea11e
RADAP JainfaU maps offer several pieces of information The standard grid map (average rainfall maps in the RADAP menu) depicts the time fnterval date rainfall scale and missing periods along witb the rainfall map All time11 are In Greenwich Mean Time and are therefore fiw hours aheadmiddotof Eastern Stanshydard Time The scale igt alphanumeric and user-defined If you set ibe category size at 010 inch a RADAP output of 2 = rainfall centered on 020 inch (ie 015 to 024 inch) Rainfall greater than one inch will be given a letter value ranging from A through Z (10 to 35 inches) Rainfall greater than theZ range is depicted as a To find the value of this cell (each cell is 3 x 5 nm) simply tet the category size higher (eg 020 inch) Missing periodi fRADAP down) are given below the map You can define the boundaries of the grid in terms of nm west to e811t and north to south of the RADAP site O~e word of caution Always include the RADAP 11ite in your plot it is a reference point needed when overlaying the map over the priJttout GRID maps of radar echoes (reflectivity) and cloud tops are also available and can be valuable to pilots planning long Rights
The BSCAN plot (peak rainfall maps in RADAP menu) provides similar data by range and azimuth Because it has greater resolution than the grid plot we u11e it to monit9r rainfall at known mosquito breeding sites Nonetheless spotty storms may only bit p1ut of a BSCAN cell especially for wide azimuth11 at distant ranges How do yot determine if your breeding site was under the wet side of the azimuth
Consider the BSCAN plot for October 3 1990 that depicts a heavy thunderstorm that moved from the SE overmiddotthe aiea Would a mo8guitomiddotbreeding site located at 1609deg and 88 nm need to be inspected First locate the site because azimuths are centered (eg 160 azimuth covers 159 - 181 deg) tbis site is at the wes)Brn edge of the 160deg azimuth Now fmd the rainfall The BSCAN plot indicates that 06 inches of rain fell in this cell (underlined in plot) hardly enough to hatch a significant brood But look again While the 158deg azimuth shows light rain east of the site the 162 deg azimuth to the west shows heavy rain suggesting that the breeding site should be inspected
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees from radar site vershytical scale and range (in nm horizontal scale)
RADAP BSCAN plots radar data by azimuth (degrees f rom radar site vertical scale) and range (in nm horizontal scale)
TBW RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS BY AZIMUTH AND RANGE 1200Z OCT 02 1990 TO 0050Z OCT 03 1990
CODE VALUE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C RAlN(lOOTH IN) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
80 90 100 110 120 bull ~ w w bull
bull 0 bullbullbull bull bull bull bullbull 0 bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull
150 middot 00 0 OObull 00110111126BIJHF0843545 152- 00 00101101001123788689GJHJ EA977875 154- bull w Ol353563211359CHHEAA9CEBHB9CEGA95 156- ~ w 138IBIDA22490GE965546555643354222 158- w 000001113558GHJKGE99CCBA889C9A8744542223323 160- 014333369ABB99FLKHKCBB8556677979973344334 4544 162- 0100025DAOCBOCCCCC8ACBDB433321 12222223324445566976 164-03312358899686355687565532000 0 001012323555546865 166-12522223432244222222211 1 21 00112122232454445543
bullbull bullbull - ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull bull w - bullbull bull ~ bullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull
80 90 100 110 120
16
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
(800) 367 middot1299 REGIONAL OFFICES
bull AUSTIN TEXAS bullCHARLESTONf=SOUTH
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RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
INNOVATION bull QUALITY bull
TMvecloo EQUIPMENT bull CHEMICALS bull TECHNOLOGY
(800) 367 middot1299 REGIONAL OFFICES
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bull MONTGOMERY ALABAMA
VECTEC INC bull 6984 VENTURE CIRCLE bull ORLANDO FL 32807 bull C407J 677-0350
RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
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ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
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P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
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WELl COME
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33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
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LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
RADAR Continued from page 16
Living on the edge can be dangerous when interpreting radar data Rainfall from areas greater than 100 miles from the radar are often underestimated The primary culprit is earth curvature Because the radar pulse projects from the transmitter in a straight path disshytant storms below the horizon are overshyshot by the radar beam Distant sites are also subject to radar attenuation If a radar pulse must penetrate a series of strong thunderstorms the pulse like a light in the fog is weakened Finally radar resolution decreases with disshytance At 50 nm the beam is two statute miles wide (1 nm = 1151 statute mi les] but increases to four miles wide at 100 nm from its source Thus at long ranges a thunderstorm that is in only part of the cell will be depicted as covering the entire cell Thus the RADAP paints with a broad brush and cannot be expected to serve as a rain gauge for a particular site
Despite these shortcomings weather radar has great potential for mosquito surveillance and control Radar can aid pilots by locating rainstorms and imshyprove larval surveillance by mapping rainfall But can radar be used to aid adulticiding The 1990 St Louis Enshycephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida suggests that it could Dr jonathan Day of the Florida Medical Entomology Labora tory (FMEL) has found that heavy rain synchronizes oviposition by Culex nigripalpus the primary SLE vector in Florida A prolonged drought followed by widespread heavy rain creates the most dangerous scenario simultaneous oviposition and subseshyquent bloodfeeding by a population of viremic mosquitoes Dr Day feels that this was in part responsible for the rapid growth and spread of SLE in Florida In addition to monitoring local drought radar could map widespread heavy rain thereby targeting mass oviposition flights for adulticiding
For Collier County radars value is still up in the air Because RADAP lacks color monitor display and high resolution at our range (ca 100 nm) it has not been a good tool for pilots to monitor storms Rainfall maps also sufshyfer from low resolution and the errors discussed earlier thus necessitating some rain gauge validation And
Radar image of Hurricane Fleno in 1985
finally forecasting broods from remote mangrove forests remains untested until the 1991 rainy season begins Purshychasing a local radar system would help to solve the problems associated with distance but would be costly to set up and maintain Because of RADAPs low overhead (a one-minute phone call to Tampa after rainy days) it is still a bargain worth exploring
So how do you get started in the radar business I recommend using a RADAP for starters Currently there are 11 RADAP sites six are clustered in the tornado alley region of Texas Oklahoma Kansas and Colorado four are located in the flash flood-prone Ohio Valley and Appalachian mounshytains in Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia and Pennsylvania and one is located in Ruskin Florida (a suburb of Tampa) to provide information on tropical storm rains Call your local NWS office and take it from there If you are not within a RADAPs range then youll have to spend a little cash Before I found out about RADAP I inshytended on purchasing a radar (or acshycess to one) and writing the software to calculate rainfall Eliason Avionics of St Louis Missouri (314-532-3031) sells a radar unit including transmitshyter tower and even computer While it
18
does provide great local resolution this type of radar is especially prone to atshytenuation and would not be good at acshycessing rainfall from distant sites You can also purchase a dedicated phone line and software to access almost any NWS radar just as the television weathermen do Several vendors offer this service (Alden Electronics Westshyborough MA Environmental Satellite Data Suitland MD Kavouras Inc Minneapolis MN WSI Corp Bedford MA) although none offers rainfall mapping However Tom Engdahl of the US Army Corps of Engineers hyshydrology unit in Vicksburg Mississippi has designed rainfall mapping softshyware to be used with accessed radar If you go this route the thing to look for is the ability to archive and access radar images for data manipulation
The cost If you only want to see live radar about $10000 If you want to arshychive and map rainfall $20000 to $30000 Add to this the cost of mainshytenance the dedicated line and the nearly constant long distance phone calls during rain events An alternative is patience the new Doppler radars that the NWS hopes to install in the 1990s will offer rainfall mapping In the meantime RADAP looks like your best bel
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
DIBROMreg Concentrate provides fast consistent knockdown of adult mosquitoes
DIBROM Concentrate will effectively control your large-area mosquito problems whether its residential areas and municishypalities tidal marshes swamps and woodshylands or livestock pastures and feedlots
DIBROM is a fast-acting short residual
organophosphate insecticide that is proven effective against the most tolerant and resistant strains of mosquitoes
By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can easily be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload
If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again
DIBROMregCONCENTRATE A tOld actQfnts FOI safe~ rtad the erlife label incJ1Jd na PfeCivlioniry statemiddot ~nts use al Cllemlcas ontyas dCCieltJ OtBROM sa r~sterecl ttacseNrkofCheonCtle--nieaiCoJornaledinoampChcidt ()opybullghl ~1991 Va~nl US A Cotpoltbulllion Allrgtgttbullbulleserved
VALENTreg
~
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
Going Public
bull Neil Wilkinson
In this age where public policy is inshyfluenced by media misinformation and hysteria mosquito control proshygrams must take action to ensure citizens understand modern mosquito control There is a growing trend for mosquito control personnel to become proactive in providing mosquito conshytrol-related public information During the 1990 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) annual meeting in Lexington Kentucky the need for a
properly educated public was stressed by then-president Judy Hansen An obshyvious starting place is the public schools This theme was reiterated by current president Dr Robert Sjogren in the Associations November newsletter
In a recent survey of 54 Florida mosshyquito control programs all 25 reshyspondents indicated a need for mosshyquito control-related school programs in their area Presently 16 of those 25 conduct some type of school-based
Making Society Mosquito-Wise
mosquito control educational program Reasons for not conducting schoolshybased programs include lack of interest from local school districts adminisshytrative offices teachers reluctance to provide academic class time to outside agencies lack of mosquito control pershysonnel and budget constraints
Educating people is vital to conshytinued mosquito control operations therefore obstacles to getting into classrooms must be overcome Obtain-
ing school district and teacher acceptshyance and strategies for conducting proshygrams on tight budgets must be explored
Recently federal state and private funding programs have focused on ready-made teacher packets guides games worksheets and media for such topics as recycling solid waste and used oil and energy conservation Unshyfortunately these slickly produced proshygrams are often not used because
20
classroom teachers are increasingly beshying held more accountable for teaching basic skills (reading writing and arithshymetic) in overcrowded classes with students who may be abused on drugs underfed ignored or uncomfortable with the English language
Florida teachers are mandated by the state to teach about drug abuse career opportunities AIDS and an array of other issues Clearly the competition for access to the classroom is fierce
Opportunities for teachers to choose non-mandated programs to include in instruction are limited A mosquito control curshyriculum may n1~ver be required by state laws
It is important to understand some of the constraints with which teachers work as well as some of the trends that are or will soon be affecting classroom instruction The problem should not be how do we gain access to the classroom but how do we get teachers and administrators to inshysist that we provide educational programs
At the elementary leveL science instruction is just starting to be taught as an important necesshysary subject Many elementary teachers have had minimal science training The lack of an
in-depth understanding of science by many teachers has created a niche for scientists in the community to support science education in the classroom
PROJECT 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Adshyvancement of Science is a major program aimed at developing a scienshytifically literate society Programs like PROJECT 2061 are calling for scienshytists from all disciplines to aid science instruction in any way possible This
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
- - ~arsc- 5 ~es=-= ac~=ss middotmiddot1 nave Ilme ~o reaHzgt ea co nm take the 1me and money ro educate the public there will be no program with which to be busy
Once the need for school-based proshygrams has been established and pershysonnel have been chosen to design such programs the first step should be to fi nd out what it is elementary teachers need to teach about science The next step is to design a lesson or unit complete with action-oriented acshytivities that captures students attenshytion The program can then be sold to teachers and administrators as one that will fulfill many of the state- or county-mandated objectives
A properly designed educational unit should take into consideration that people learn in different ways Usshying a variety of teaching methods will hold the varying interests of the students and help ensure they are learning The 4-MAT System is one of many educational design systems for developing curricula A unit designed using 4-MAT starts with a concept that establishes some kind of personal meaning That is students need a reason why they are studying the lesson Organized experiences are then created around the concept Informashytion that is going to be taught must be accurate and re1evant Activities that allow for active hands-on verification of the information will help ensure the concepts are understood And finally if provisions are made that encourage application of the concepts whole learning will take place Programs meeting these guidelines should be readily accepted by administrators and teachers
Smaller mosquito control programs lack available personnel to conduct educational programs due to inadeshyquate funding Providing printed materials to schools hoping teachers wilJ do their own teaching about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control concepts may be unrealistic because of teachers unfamiliarity with the subject matter and lack of time A guest visit from a scientist or expert is certainly the ideal A visitor is looked upon as a fresh face
and students tend to be on their best behavior
If personal visits to classrooms are impractical curricular materials should be dispersed through districtshywde teacher workshops Teachers m ust attend a set number of hours of in-service education to keep their cershytificates valid Teacher workshops are usually organized by d istrict-level
science coordinators or by regional teacher educashytion centers The local school board office should know who organizes teacher workshops in a particular district
Plenty of effort and planning of the workshop is crucial to its overall sucshycess If slides are used it is i mportant they are of high caliber Handouts should be easy-to-read legible and illustrated when posshysible Live mosquito larshyvae pupae and adults are
always a big hit with teachers as well as students Loaning larvae in conshytainers is an excellent way to get ones foot in the educational door Plastic one-inch see boxes are great for placshying aduJt mosquitoes to compare species and examine up close A walk around a school campus will reveal possible mosquito-breeding habits The
Continued on page 22
brari6D PELLET APPLICATOR
The GRANBLO pellet blower is rapidly becoming the professional applicators unit ot choice tor applying granular materials This high quality unit was designed to virtually eliminate the dust problems associated with convenshytional spreaders The GRANBLO unit is a light-weight multi-use applicator tor mounting in boats trucks and All Terrain Vehicles
~-KV FEATURES bull 100 lb Capacity Aluminum Hopper bull 360 Degree Horizontal Adjustment bull Anodized Aluminum Frame bull Overall Weight 50 lbs bull Two-Cycle Engine bull Discharge distance app_ 50 ft
For Additional information or quotation contact
CENTRAL FLORIDA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Post Office Box 124 bull Auburndale Florida 33823-0124
(813) 965-1214
21
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
MOSQUITO-WISE Continued from page 21
workshop leader may want to carry a dipper and have spare dippers for teachers to use to look for larvae pupae and other aquatic creatu res that share mosquitoes habitat
Three keys to providing an excellent workshop for teachers include 1) Involve an outstanding teacher or curriculum specialist in planning and implementing the workshop This will ens ure the program wi ll meet the teachers needs 2 Rigorous pla nning is essential The workshop should upshydate knowledge encourage an exshychange of ideas and provide lessons and materials ready for classroom use 3) Include a cliligent follow up to the workshop What modifications deleshytions or adclitions should be included in a repeat session Did the particishypants go back and teach about mosshyquitoes and mosquito control as a direct result of the workshop
Successful educational programs are being conducted across Florida by large and small programs alike Kellie Elberson conducts a program for 500 sixth-graders at the Morningside Nature Center for the city of Gainesville Classes are cycled through her 45-minute outdoor presentation where students have the opportWlity to visit a mosquito habitat dip for larvae see the relationship between mosquitoes and other organisms and learn how mosquito control operations are conducted in sensitive environshyments The program is conducted on Fridays during the month of Novemshyber capitalizing on less mosquito activity due to cooler and drier weather
St Lucie County Mosquito Control District takes a different approach to involving students in understanding the scope of mosquito control In adshydition to conducting elementary classshyroom presentations providing curshyriculum materials and setting up a display at the county fair sixth-graders volunteer as weather watchers proshyviding data on rainfall and ground water levels Participating students call in observations to the district freeing
up personnel time as well as including children in the investigation pr9cess
Santa Rosa County Mosquito Conshytrol in the Panhandle has initiated a SKEETER BEATER club Last year students from 42 elementary and midshydle classes participated in the program Sue Zuhlke a biologist for the district points out that an important aspect of their program is to get the students inshyvolved They are encouraged to go home and scour the neighborhood looking for mosquito breeding sites Once the sites have been examined reported or corrected the students have their parents sign an inspe~tion sheet and receive a certification of participation The Jacksonville Mosquito Control District has a program called Mosshyquito Hawk Last year David Miller talked wiU1 over 2000 fifth-grade students After successful completion students are welcomed into the Mosshyquito Hawk Club and receive a dragonshyfly button commemorating their achievement
Lack of permission for conducting school districtwide programs in Charlotte County has not deterred Shelly Redovan from providing a diverse array of services for the public school system Shelly visits elementary and middle school classrooms at inshydividual teachers request Using video lecture slides and labs she gets her message to students At science fair time Shelly provides displays for students and works with individuals on labs In addition to regular class programs the Charlotte County Mosshyquito Control District works with aftershyschool programs and school-sponsored clubs
Gene Lemire of the Collier Mosquito Control District conducts a three-day
22
lab experience for high school biology classes Last year over 30 classes parshyticipated in the program Students conshyduct a bioassay using Bacillus thurshyingiensis isroeJensis and mosquito larvae Using proper laboratory proshycedure the students learn how to conduct a very useful test Presently a middle school program is being deshysigned using a dichotomous key to identify local mosquito species Gene is a fu ll-time public relations officer for the District
The Lee County Mosquito Control District funds two full-time teaching positions The resource teachers work directly for the local school systems environmental education program All classroom programs are designed as five-day programs The regular classshyroom teacher conducts introductory and conclusive activities on the first and fifth days and the resource teachers conduct lessons on the other days The program is available to grades five and seven and for high school biology and chemistry classes Slides labs films lectures discussions worksheets and art activities are incorshyporated into the instruction To keep up with the demand full -day teacher workshops are conducted twice yearly One of the workshops is a trip to the district facilities to visit the laborashytories and observe field demonstrashytions The other workshop is to train high school teachers to conduct a resistance test for chemistry students and a bioassay using Bacillus sphoericus for biology students Presently the resource teachers are developing additional materials that inshyvolve mosquitoes but do not require mosquito control district personnel to teach the material
Neil Wilkinson has been a teacher for eight years the las( four as a Resource Teacher in Environmental Education for the School Board of Lee County Florida He has a Masters degree in Educational Leadermiddot shil) from the U of Soutb Florida
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
Quality IS Economy US DISTRIBUTORS
ADAPCO INC 1555 Howen Branch Ad Ste Bl Winter Park Fl 32789
RELIABlE lABS 8060 T oUord Way Sandy VT 84092 Phone 801middot942middot1685 Phone 407middot6bullbullmiddot6292
B amp G CHEMICAL amp EQUIPMENT CO INC P 0 Bolt 540428 Dallas TX 753S4 Phone 214157middot57bull1
ClAf1KE MOSOUtTO CONTROL PRODUCTS P 0 Box 7~88 Roselle ll 60172 Phone 70amp-a94middot2000
NORTHEAST VECTOf1 MANAGEMENT INC P 0 Box 754 Freehold NJ 07728 Phone 201-431-9563
ZANUS CORPORATION 1259 El Camono Real Suote 134 Mento Park CA 94025 Phone 415-591-7783
COANBELT CHEMICAl COMPANY
PO 8oX410 McCook NE 69001 Phone 308middot34Ki057
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
ENVIROTECH INTERNATIONAl
P 0 Box 8489
Delhi 110052 bull INDIA
KEMmiddotSAN INC
P 0 Box 727 Oakville Ontario l6J SC 1
CANADA
LABOAATOAI EMILIANI
INDUSTRIA CHIIAICA AFF1NI
Via Appenino bull57 47100 Forlo middot ITALY
TRAOEOUEST INC
S Kronpltbullnosens Gade St Thomas US11 00602
C AUDDUCK PTY LTD
93 Howard Street
North Melbourne
3051 middot AUSTRALIA
WELl COME
SINGAPORE
PTE LTD
33 Qyatoy Road Singapore 2261
WELLCOME
ENVIRONMENTAl
HEAlTH
~evens lane Berkh~msred bull -ler1s HP4 2DY
UNITED KINGDOM
LOWNDES ENGINEERING CO INC 125 BLANCHARD ST I PO BOX 488 VALDOSTA GEORGIA 31 601
PHONE (912) 242middot3361 TWX 810786middot5861 CABLE middot LECO VALD
FAX (912) 242middot 8763
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
WING BEATS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory 200 9th Street SE Vero Beach FL 32962
CYTHIONreg and ABATEreg Mosquito control
that keeps peace with people and
the environment Today Mosquito Control Professionals must be public relations specialists and ecologists along with their other skills
Science and Industry are providing more tools and concepts while the public and government are asking more questions You have to be sharp to be a career mosquito professional We salute and support your dedication
Responsible mosquito control requires environmentally middotsensitive applicators and selective insecticides The mosquito control industry traditionally provides careful needed application American Cyanamid in turn proudly supplies and supports your efforts
You can continue to rely on CYTHIQNreg UL V and ABATEreg for your mosquito control IPM programs They are tough on mosquitoes but gentle to the environshyment Continue to use them wisely
THE WORLD NEEDS
(~~~MID WaY NJ07470 ~~m
Non-Profit Org US Postage
PAID Tallahassee FL Permit No 407
